Chen Jianyin aut AST ATS Xue Lijue aut AST ATS text chapter eng 2012-05-18 Wiley laser cladding CPM tool steels H13 tool steel tooling yes yes 9781118296073 9781118356074 10.1002/9781118356074.ch2 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Automotive and Surface Transportation Automobile et transport de surface National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 230020969eba2d74-64fa-426c-b054-cfb00327d785 Yang Lu Yang, L. aut INMS IENM Mester Zoltan Mester, Z. aut INMS IENM Sturgeon Ralph Edward Sturgeon, R. E. aut INMS IENM Meija Juris Meija, J. aut INMS IENM European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly 2012, April 22-27, 2012, Vienna, Austria text article eng 2012 Today, MC-ICPMS has become a powerful research tool for the high precision isotope ratio measurements with over five-hundred papers published annually in the past several years1-2. However, MC-ICPMS suffers approximately tenfold larger bias (up to 25 % for lithium3) in isotope amount ratio measurements as compared to thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). This bias needs to be properly corrected in order to obtain accurate isotope amount ratio measurements. The choice of the fractionation law to calibrate (correct) measured isotope ratios is crucial in isotope science. Over the last decades, the Russell law mass bias correction model (Eq. 1)4 which is applicable only for mass-dependent fractionation and assumes identical mass bias for both the calibrator and measurand elements, has become a standard curriculum in isotope ratio measurements. However, it has been reported that not only mass bias is different for different elements but also that the mass bias is different for different isotope pairs of a same element5-6. Mass-independent fractionation in MC-ICPMS has been observed for elements such as Nd, W and Cd5-7. Ri,j = ri,j(mi/mj)-f (1) Here Ri,j = n(iE)/n(jE), ri,j is the measured (uncorrected) isotope ratio and E is the element of interest, f is the fractionation function and mi,mj are the nuclide masses. In this talk, recent research results on MIF observed for Ge, Hg and Pb in MC-MCP in our group8 will be presented and its implication for Russell law mass bias correction for isotope amount ratio measurements will be presented and discussed. yes yes 14 EGU2012-1495-1 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Institute for National Measurement Standards Institut des étalons nationaux de mesure du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 2300205002434863-2d62-4f45-b6e4-41550aaaa63f Costain Willard James Costain, Willard J. aut IBS ISB Haqqani Arsalan Haqqani, Arsalan S. aut IBS ISB Rasquinha Ingrid A Rasquinha, Ingrid aut IBS ISB Giguere Marie-Soleil aut IBS ISB Slinn Jacqueline F Slinn, Jacqueline aut IBS ISB text chapter eng 2012-03-16 Intech yes yes gold access 978-953-51-0290-8 85 116 10.5772/32035 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Institute for Biological Sciences Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 23002011c332e7d9-8042-4aff-a72a-ad3c82fc6ab7 Angell Peter aut Wang Sheng-Hui aut EME EME Simon Phil aut Kleinfelder Hank aut Garrity Kevin aut Sisk Elizabeth aut ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, July 15-19, 2012, Toronto, Ontario, Canada text article eng Similar to many other industries, nuclear power plants (NPPs) have many kilometres of buried pipe that is not readily accessible for direct inspection. Given the nature of the systems, the nuclear industry experiences additional challenges as many services run in the same area, leading to what is described as a “spaghetti bowl” of piping. As a result, the traditional indirect, over the line, inspection practices developed for the oil and gas industry have not always been successfully applied at nuclear power plants. To address this issue, a collaborative Electric Power Research Institute/CANDU Owners Group (EPRI/COG) research project was established with Mears Group Inc. and Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) Nuclear Laboratories. In this program, initial testing of four methods was carried out at the Mears Group Inc, test site that had been modified with additional grounding systems to simulate a nuclear power plant. This was followed by testing of the same methods at the AECL Nuclear Laboratories Chalk River site. This paper will discuss the results of those studies and present some of the findings that were made that can help to overcome the challenges faced by Nuclear Power Plants. yes yes 2012-07-15 ASME 978-0-7918-5500-3 PVP2012-78794 291 297 10.1115/PVP2012-78794 Energy, Mining and Environment Énergie, mines et environnement National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 230018871dd78ce1-0b98-4802-852c-68e907e1a063 Cuperlovic-Culf Miroslava Cuperlovic-culf, Miroslava aut ICT TIC text chapter eng Metabolomics or metababonomics is one of the major high throughput analysis methods that endeavors holistic measurement of metabolic profiles of biological systems. Data analysis approaches in metabolomics can broadly be divided into qualitative – analysis of spectral data and quantitative – analysis of individual metabolite concentrations. In this work, the author will demonstrate the benefits and limitations of different unsupervised analysis tools currently utilized in qualitative and quantitative metabolomics data analysis. Following a detailed literature review outlining different applications of unsupervised methods in metabolomics, the author shows examples of an application of the major previously utilized unsupervised analysis methods. The testing of these methods was performed using qualitative as well as corresponding quantitative metabolite data derived to represent a large set of 2,000 objects. Spectra of mixtures were obtained from different combinations of experimental NMR measurements of 13 prevalent metabolites at five different groups of concentrations representing different phenotypes. The analysis shows advantages and disadvantages of standard tools when applied specifically to metabolomics. yes yes 2012 Medical Information Science Reference 9781613504352 9781613504369 chapter 1 1 28 2327-7033 2327-7041 10.4018/978-1-61350-435-2.ch001 Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 23001800c5de7866-858f-4239-bcfe-85d27de1f2a7 Jaramillo Maria Jaramillo, Maria Luz aut HHT TSH O'Connor-McCourt Maureen O'connor-McCourt, Maureen aut HHT TSH text article eng Advances in genomics and antibody engineering have enabled the development of an innovative class of targeted therapies to provide new treatment options for diseases with significant unmet medical needs such as cancer. Therapeutic antibodies represent one of the fastest growing classes of medications with sales anticipated to exceed $30 billion globally by 2012. The NRC has built a chain of cutting edge technology platforms needed to discover, engineer and produce therapeutic monoclonal antibodies with the goal of partnering with industrial and academic centers to advance research and development of this important class of therapeutics. Target Identification- To establish and validate the technology platform, tumor targets for candidate therapeutic antibody production were identified using a combination of proteomics, transcriptomics and bioinformatic approaches. Out of these lists, approximately 40 tumor targets were selected (known therapeutic antibody targets were excluded), and over 2,000 antibodies of mouse and camelid origin were then generated against these targets. Antibody generation- Once identified, the recombinant target protein of interest can be produced using the NRC's high efficiency cell expression platforms in CHO or HEK293 cells and purified protein used for immunization or panning. For targets which are difficult to express or purify, the capabilities for direct immunization with plasmid DNA constructs provides another option. Clone selection is carried out by ELISA and typically 50 antibodies/target are identified for further characterization. Antibody characterization and validation- The affinities of the antibodies are determined by SPR biosensor analysis. Reverse phase protein arrays and Western blot analysis on protein mixes and cell lines allow the characterization of the specificity of the antibodies. Epitope mapping can be carried out so that representative antibodies from each epitope bin can be selected for further validation in appropriate cell-based assays (many of which are established at NRC) and animal models. Therapeutic antibody Optimization, Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing- Therapeutic antibodies selected for development can be further optimized using antibody engineering technologies to humanize them and/or modify their glycosylation patterns to improve their effector function, pharmacokinetics, solubility and stability as well as reduce their immunogenicity. The NRC platform for large scale protein production has the capacity to manufacture up to 13.5 g of commercial grade antibody using serum free, low endotoxin media in a cGMP certified CHO cell line which is ready for transfer to CMOs or other industrial partners. yes yes 2012-04-15 American Association for Cancer Research 0008-5472 1538-7445 72 8 Supplement 2532 2532 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2012-2532 Human Health Therapeutics Thérapeutiques en santé humaine National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 2300178543e3adb3-7a37-4997-8810-9a01dd13295c Cuperlovic-Culf Miroslava aut ICT TIC S. Culf Adrian aut Jr Morin Pier aut Touaibia Mohamed aut text article eng High throughput analysis of metabolites combined with systems biology is opening new opportunities in medical research and clinical applications. Investigation of metabolic phenotype and metabolic requirements of a disease opens new avenues for treatments. Analysis of metabolic changes in patients and in disease models following treatments provides new methods for investigation of therapeutic response. Combined examination of disease metabolic characteristics and treatment response provides markers for personalization of therapies. Metabolomics finds itself at an increasingly important junction in all of these applications. In this review, we will explore the advantages of combining metabolomics with systems biology to optimize the drug discovery process via in-depth analysis of biological systems and novel metabolism- targeted therapeutics. Assessment of efficacy and specificity of drugs that directly or indirectly target metabolism through analyses of metabolic changes will also be presented. Finally, we will highlight examples of metabolic biomarkers explored as promising theranostics and theranostic imaging tools aimed at therapy optimization and combined therapy and diagnostics. The focus of this review will be directed towards cancer, however, the overarching ideas as well as experimental and analysis approaches are easily transferable to other applications. In cancer research, metabolism is once again raising interest due to a better appreciation of the significance of altered metabolic phenotype in cancer development and progression. Investigation of metabolic changes in cancer following drug applications and identification of clinically relevant metabolic markers for particular cancer subtypes are becoming increasingly appreciated in treatment development and will be explored in this review. yes yes bioreactors; drug discovery; drug testing; fluxomics; metabolomics; theragnostics imaging; theragnostics treatment planning; systems biology 2012-11-01 Bentham Science 2213-235X 2213-2368 1 1 41 57 10.2174/2213235X130105 Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 230016176460a898-7d1c-4786-b233-9a31c44029b4 Nayidu Naghabushana aut Bollina Venkatesh aut Kagale Sateesh aut ACRD DCRA text chapter 2012-10-09 Springer International Publishing eng Agricultural production around the world, especially where it mainly depends on irrigation, is confronted with serious challenges of coping with soil salinity conditions as well as saline irrigation water. Soil salinity is increasing regularly throughout the world and has become a great menace for agriculture. About 800 million hectares of the world land are salt-affected, of which 397 million hectares are saline and 434 million hectares sodic. Soil salinity adversely affects crop growth and productivity. In oilseed crops, salt stress affects both vegetative and reproductive growth stages by reducing growth, delaying the onset of flowering, reducing the quantum of reproductive structures and delaying the maturation processes, ultimately leading to diminished crop yield. Additionally, it affects production of several enzymes leading to the reduction of glycerides and modification of the fatty acid profile, important quality determinants of seed oil. Thus, salt stress has become a major factor affecting oilseed production worldwide. Here, we have reviewed the effects of salt stress on growth and productivity of oilseed crops. Additionally, different strategies employed by crop plants against salt stress as well as research reports describing genetic and transgenic approaches designed for improving plants ability to overcome salt stress are discussed. yes yes Plant breeding Plant genetics Plant physiology 978-1-4614-4746-7 978-1-4614-4747-4 Chapter 9 249 265 10.1007/978-1-4614-4747-4_9 Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Développement des cultures et des ressources aquatiques National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 23000578ff848714-46c9-44ba-96d5-bc46a96244e6 Alison M. R. Ferrie aut text chapter 2012-08-08 Springer International Publishing eng Doubled haploidy techniques are well established for some species and are routinely used for practical application and basic research. Haploid/doubled haploid plants can be produced via a number of ways although the in vitro methods of androgenesis (culture of the male gametophyte) or gynogenesis (culture of the female gametophyte) are the most common. For medicinal plants, very little genetic improvement has been undertaken when compared to major crop species. However, callus, embryos, and doubled haploid plants have been produced in several medicinal species using a range of media formulations and culture conditions. This chapter focuses on doubled haploid production from the male gametophyte and the factors influencing this response.Doubled haploidy methodology would be beneficial for medicinal species as uniform, homozygous, true breeding lines would be available for growers. Uniformity in plants and in the active ingredient is very important for regulatory standards and for those conducting clinical trials. yes yes Plant Physiology Cell culture Biotechnology Pharmacology Toxicology 978-3-642-29973-5 978-3-642-29974-2 8 191 206 10.1007/978-3-642-29974-2_8 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 230004501397f3aa-d03e-41e0-8809-d0a69ca7384d Salem Nuha aut EME EME Abu-Lebdeh Yaser aut EME EME text chapter eng 2012-08-31 The addition of nano-sized inorganic fillers such as SiO2 to solid and liquid electrolytes to enhance their electrochemical and physical properties has been recently the focus of great deal of research. In this chapter, we review the work done in this area where various types of nanoparticles including ceramics and clay were used as additives to electrolytes commonly used in lithium-ion batteries research such as polymer electrolytes (gel and solid form), ionic and organic liquid electrolytes and plastic crystals. yes yes Springer 978-1-4614-4604-0 978-1-4614-4605-7 9 221 244 1571-5744 10.1007/978-1-4614-4605-7_9 Energy, Mining and Environment Énergie, mines et environnement National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada 23000445064bcd96-e265-46a0-9cb5-edf05473a68e Leschowski Martin Leschowski, M. aut ICPET ITPCE Thomson K. aut ICPET ITPCE Clavel D. aut ICPET ITPCE Snelling D. aut ICPET ITPCE Schulz C. aut Smallwood G. aut ICPET ITPCE 5th international workshop on Laser-Induced Incandescence, May 9-11, 2012, Palais des Congrès, Le Touquet, France text other eng 2012 yes yes gold access Presented at poster session Présentée à la séance de présentation par affiches, session 865 1613-0073 http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-865/ NRC Institute for Chemical Process and Environmental Technology Institut de technologie des procédés chimiques et de l'environnement du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada 2300021094dc268d-7f02-4177-8f90-fd96f0591e10 Lidia I. Kuznetsova aut Nina I. Kuznetsova aut Sergei V. Koscheev aut Vladimir I. Zaikovski aut Alexander S. Lisitsyn aut Ksenia M. Kaprielova aut Natalia V. Kirillova aut Zbigniew Twardowski Twardowski, Zbigniev aut text article eng In production of chlorine by electrolysis of NaCl, chlorate is formed as by-product and must be removed. The back conversion of ClO3− to Cl− via catalytic reduction with H2 on Ir catalyst in NaCl brine has been studied. The catalysts contained 0.5–5 wt.% of Ir and were prepared via impregnation of mesoporous carbon support (Sibunit™) with solutions of IrCl3·xHCl·yH2O or H2IrCl6 and reduction in flowing H2 at 400 or 500 °C. The Ir/C samples have been characterized with CO adsorption, XPS and HRTEM. The rate of ClO3− reduction in concentrated solutions of NaCl was found dependent on pH (in the range 2–6), content of Ir in the catalyst, dispersion and distribution of Ir on the support. The best properties have been shown by 5%Ir/C catalyst which was prepared with H2IrCl6 as the metal precursor and contained small Ir particles (∼1.5 nm in diameter) located inside the cavities of carbon globules. Stable catalytic performance in multiple successive runs has been achieved. yes yes 2012-06-15 0926-860X 427-428 8 15 8 10.1016/j.apcata.2012.03.024 21276296 713e42f2-b0cf-48e8-ada7-eb72b4a9bbbf Mehdi Saboori Saboori, M. aut AERO AERO H. Champliaud aut J. Gholipour aut AERO AERO A. Gakwaya aut J. Savoie aut Priti Wanjara Wanjara, P. aut AERO AERO text article eng The increased demand for weight reduction and manufacture of complex shapes with tube hydroforming (THF) requires more accurate material models to achieve highly reliable results from simulations. Conventional flow behaviours of materials implemented in commercial finite element (FE) software are not capable of describing accurately the material behaviour after localization. Utilization of the stress-strain data after necking can improve the quality of the FE analysis by employing realistic data for extrapolating the stress-strain curve. In this paper, the objective was to develop a simple tool that can determine the true stress-strain curve after necking in order to predict the material behaviour of aerospace alloys such as stainless steel 321 (SS321). Standard uniaxial tensile tests (ASME E8M-04) were performed to determine the true stress-strain before necking. A weighted-average method and a new hardening equation were proposed to extend the curve after necking. yes yes Work hardening law; Material behaviour; Weighted average method; Diffuse necking 2012-02 1013-9826 504-506 95 100 6 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.504-506.95 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada 21276030 491d95a2-c344-4100-9118-0644c2b06219 Melissa Anderson aut AERO AERO Philippe Bocher aut Javad Gholipour aut AERO AERO Mohammad Jahazi aut Jean Savoie aut Priti Wanjara aut AERO AERO text article eng The application of the tube hydroforming process for the manufacture of aerospace components is relatively new and challenging due to the limited formability of high strength alloys used for aerospace applications. A multistep forming process, including intermediate heat treatment steps, has been proposed as a viable solution for increasing the hydroformability of these alloys. Interrupted free expansion tests were used in this study to emulate the multistep forming. Initially, free expansion tests were performed up to the burst point to determine the maximum pressure. An automated 3D deformation measurement system, ARAMIS®, was used to measure the strain distribution along the tube length as well as to measure the bulge height (expansion) as a function of time. Based on the strain distribution results obtained from ARAMIS®, a pause pressure corresponding to about 80% of the burst or maximum pressure was selected as the interruption point of the free expansion test in order to apply a softening heat treatment to restore the formability of the material. After this free expansion and softening cycle, the tube was then hydroformed up to the burst point.The results indicated that the inclusion of an intermediate heat treatment before the second forming step increased the expansion from 9.5 mm to 12 mm, a 26% increase. Interestingly, in addition to the higher expansion, the pressure required to reach a specific level of expansion was reduced by half due to the softening effect of the intermediate heat treatment and thinning of the tubes from the first forming step. yes yes Stainless steel; multistep forming; free expansion tests; heat treatment; tube hydroforming 2012 1611-3683 1243 1246 4 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada 21276029 6b05cd47-8cce-4f80-a90c-92441f21241b S. Bossier aut A. Boselli aut P.-A. Duc aut L. Cortese aut W. van Driel aut S. Heinis aut E. Voyer aut O. Cucciati aut Laura Ferrarese Ferrarese, L. aut NSI ISN Patrick J D (Pat) Côté Côté, P. aut NSI ISN J.-C. Cuillandre aut Stephen Gwyn Gwyn, S.D.J. aut NSI ISN S. Mei aut text article eng Context. Several galaxies in the Virgo cluster are known to have large H i gas tails related to a recent ram-pressure stripping event. The Virgo cluster has been extensively observed at 1539 Å in the far-ultraviolet for the GALEX Ultraviolet Virgo Cluster Survey (GUViCS), and in the optical for the Next Generation Virgo Survey (NGVS), allowing a study of the stellar emission potentially associated with the gas tails of 8 cluster members. On the theoretical side, models of ram-pressure stripping events have started to include the physics of star formation. Aims. We aim to provide quantitative constraints on the amount of star formation taking place in the ram-pressure stripped gas, mainly on the basis of the far-UV emission found in the GUViCS images in relation with the gas content of the tails. Methods. We have performed three comparisons of the young stars emission with the gas column density: visual, pixel-by-pixel, and global. We have compared our results to other observational and theoretical studies. Results. We find that the level of star formation taking place in the gas stripped from galaxies by ram-pressure is low with respect to the available amount of gas. Star formation is lower by at least a factor 10 compared to the predictions of the Schmidt Law as determined in regular spiral galaxy disks. It is also lower than measured in dwarfs galaxies and the outer regions of spirals, and than predicted by some numerical simulations. We provide constraints on the star formation efficiency in the ram-pressure stripped gas tails, and compare these with current models. yes yes galaxies; Virgo; star formation; astronomy 2012 0004-6361 545 A142 10.1051/0004-6361/201219957 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada 21275859 9b65513d-ecb5-42a0-b1bc-efa147159453 Maria Stepanova edt NINT INNT Steven Dew edt text book 2012 Springer International Publishing eng Intended to update scientists and engineers on the current state of the art in a variety of key techniques used extensively in the fabrication of structures at the nanoscale. The present work covers the essential technologies for creating sub 25 nm features lithographically, depositing layers with nanometer control, and etching patterns and structures at the nanoscale. A distinguishing feature of this book is a focus not on extension of microelectronics fabrication, but rather on techniques applicable for building NEMS, biosensors, nanomaterials, photonic crystals, and other novel devices and structures that will revolutionize society in the coming years. yes yes 9783709104248 3709104238 9783709104231 10.1007/978-3-7091-0424-8 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Institute for Nanotechnology Institut national de nanotechnologie Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) 21275848 b56ffebd-ced7-45a4-8560-2af29eb8a7b3 Maria Stepanova aut NINT INNT Steven Dew aut text chapter eng yes yes 2012 Springer International Publishing 9783709104248 3709104238 9783709104231 v vi 10.1007/978-3-7091-0424-8 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Institute for Nanotechnology Institut national de nanotechnologie Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) 21275571 11899841-313f-4731-8409-b007cbb6d5cd Aman Badhwar aut R. Brown aut HHT TSH Christie Delaney aut HHT TSH Danica B Stanimirovic Stanimirovic, D.B. aut HHT TSH Arsalan Haqqani aut HHT TSH Edith Hamel aut text article eng Cerebrovascular dysfunction appears prior to Aβ-plaque deposition and measurable mnemonic impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and amyloid precursor protein (APP)-expressing transgenic mice. The soluble, highly toxic Aβ-fragment generated from the amyloidogenic processing of APP is likely the primary instigator of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency in APP mice. We recently demonstrated that the PPAR-gamma agonist, pioglitazone, is a potent drug for reversing cerebrovascular impairment at all stages of Aβ-induced pathology in APP mice. Our aims are to (a) characterize the effect of Aβ-overproduction on the cerebrovascular proteome of APP mice; (b) determine the extent to which pioglitazone rescues the Aβ-altered cerebrovascular proteome; and (c) determine the link between protein expression rescue by pioglitazone and functional recovery in the cerebrovasculature. yes yes Alzheimer's disease; amyloid precursor protein mice; pioglitazone; cerebrovascular impairment 2012-07 1552-5260 8 4 Supplement P574 P575 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.05.1556 Human Health Therapeutics Thérapeutiques en santé humaine National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada 21275162 50e79eaa-a6de-455b-bb31-5c57caea16f6 Aman Badwar aut Danica B Stanimirovic Stanimirovic, D.B. aut HHT TSH Arsalan Haqqani aut HHT TSH Edith Hamel aut text article eng Elevation of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1), a key extracellular matrix regulator, has been documented in the brain and cerebral vasculature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Transgenic mice overexpressing TGFβ1 in the brain (TGF mice) develop AD-like vascular structural changes, impaired vasomotricity, and compromised neurovascular coupling. We have demonstrated that cerebrovascular dysfunction in both aged and young TGF mice is normalized by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist pioglitazone. Our aims are to (a) characterize the cerebrovascular proteome of TGF mice and its perturbation by pioglitazone using label-free mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics, and (b) identify proteins that orchestrate pioglitazone-mediated recovery of cerebrovascular function. yes yes TGF-ß1; Alzheimer's disease; cerebral vasculature; brain 2012-07 1552-5260 8 4 Supplement P650 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.05.1742 Human Health Therapeutics Thérapeutiques en santé humaine National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada 21275161 10f22b61-ac4e-4b82-ae3c-ed55da39516c Andreas Wunder aut Karl Schoknecht aut Danica B Stanimirovic Stanimirovic, Danica B. aut HHT TSH Ofer Prager aut Yoash Chassidim aut text article eng The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly complex structure, which separates the extracellular fluid of the central nervous system (CNS) from the blood of CNS vessels. A wide range of neurologic conditions, including stroke, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, and brain tumors, are associated with perturbations of the BBB that contribute to their pathology. The common consequence of a BBB dysfunction is increased permeability, leading to extravasation of plasma constituents and vasogenic brain edema. The BBB impairment can persist for long periods, being involved in secondary inflammation and neuronal dysfunction, thus contributing to disease pathogenesis. Therefore, reliable imaging of the BBB impairment is of major importance in both clinical management of brain diseases and in experimental research. From landmark studies by Ehrlich and Goldman, the use of dyes (probes) has played a critical role in understanding BBB functions. In recent years methodologic advances in morphologic and functional brain imaging have provided insight into cellular and molecular interactions underlying BBB dysfunction in animal disease models. These imaging techniques, which range from in situ staining to noninvasive in vivo imaging, have different spatial resolution, sensitivity, and capacity for quantitative and kinetic measures of the BBB impairment. Despite significant advances, the translation of these techniques into clinical applications remains slow. This review outlines key recent advances in imaging techniques that have contributed to the understanding of BBB dysfunction in disease and discusses major obstacles and opportunities to advance these techniques into the clinical realm. yes yes Blood–brain barrier; Fluorescence imaging; Magnetic resonance imaging; Nuclear imaging 2012-11-07 1528-1167 53 Supplement s6 14 21 8 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03698.x Human Health Therapeutics Thérapeutiques en santé humaine National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada 21275160 f238c4b8-a0a5-4398-a1ea-11280ae9b4ea Michael Chow aut Evgueni Bordatchev Bordatchev, Evgueni V. aut AST ATS George K. Knopf aut SPIE 8248, Micromachining and Microfabrication Process Technology XVII, January 21, 2012, San Francisco, CA, USA article eng Laser micro-polishing (LμP) is a new laser-based microfabrication technology for improving surface quality during a finishing operation and for producing parts and surfaces with near-optical surface quality. The LμP process uses low power laser energy to melt a thin layer of material on the previously machined surface. The polishing effect is achieved as the molten material in the laser-material interaction zone flows from the elevated regions to the local minimum due to surface tension. This flow of molten material then forms a thin ultra-smooth layer on the top surface. The LμP is a complex thermo-dynamic process where the melting, flow and redistribution of molten material is significantly influenced by a variety of process parameters related to the laser, the travel motions and the material. The goal of this study is to analyze the impact of initial surface parameters on the final surface quality. Ball-end micromilling was used for preparing initial surface of samples from H13 tool steel that were polished using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The height and width of micromilled scallops (waviness) were identified as dominant parameter affecting the quality of the LμPed surface. By adjusting process parameters, the Ra value of a surface, having a waviness period of 33 μm and a peak-to-valley value of 5.9 μm, was reduced from 499 nm to 301 nm, improving the final surface quality by 39.7%. yes yes 2012 10.1117/12.908137 Automotive and Surface Transportation Automobile et transport de surface National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada 21275105 70ceb23a-3269-4164-abcc-217b9bdb7041 Canadian Commission on Building and Fire Codes, National Research Council of Canada aut text book 2012-12-31 eng yes yes Codes and guides NRC-IRC-53301 0-660-19975-7 http://codes-guides.nrc.ca/IA/10NBC/intentframe.html National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Institute for Research in Construction Institut de recherche en construction du CNRC 21274742 2dfd4132-c14d-4841-9c88-f88ea0701805 Jean-Angelo (Angelo) Beraldin Beraldin, Jean-Angelo aut MSS SME Benjamin Carrier aut MSS SME David MacKinnon aut MSS SME Luc Cournoyer aut MSS SME text article eng 2012-12 Taylor & Francis Inc. A set of test procedures and certified artifacts to characterize the capability of short-range triangulation-based threedimensional (3D) imaging systems are presented. The approach consists of scanning metallic and coated glass certified artifacts in which the uncertainties in the associated characteristic reference values are smaller than the measurement uncertainties produced by the system under test (SUT). The artifacts were grouped on the same plate for portability. To define a set of test procedures that is practical, simple to perform and easy to understand, we utilized a terminology that is well-known in the manufacturing field, i.e., geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T). The National Research Council Portable Characterization Target (NRC-PCT) is specifically designed for the characterization of systems with depths of field from 50 mm to 500 mm. Tests were performed to validate the capability of the NRC-PCT. This paper presents these results, along with some basic information on 3D imaging systems. yes yes 1931-5775 2381-0580 7 4 50 60 11 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19315775.2012.11721620?journalCode=ujms20 Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21274277 49a2f7a8-5434-4c7b-aeda-3fb727fe8501 S.T. Craft aut R. Desjardins aut Noureddine Bénichou aut CONST CONST World Conference on Timber Engineering 2012, July 16-19 2012, Auckland, New Zealand article eng This research aims to address two primary objectives which will support the North American adoption of CLT (cross-laminated timber). First, a generic calculation method for determining the fire-resistance of CLT assemblies is needed to enable producers to manufacture a number of different configurations of panels without the need to run a large number of full-scale fire tests. Second, the CLT assemblies chosen for testing have been identified as the most likely configurations to be used thereby providing test data to support the claims of fire-resistance to help satisfy the authority having jurisdiction. (...) yes yes fire resistance; cross-laminated timber assemblies 2012 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Construction Construction National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21274081 d84e6ddf-c8e8-4e42-bf8f-b2f3135995bc Noureddine Bénichou aut CONST CONST Hossein Mostafaei aut CONST CONST Mark Green aut Luke Bisby aut Venkatesh Kodur aut 6th International Conference on Advanced Composite Materials in Bridges and Structures, May 22-25 2012, Kingston ON, Canada article eng This paper presents the results of a research project to study the structural fire resistance of FRP-strengthened concrete members under fire exposure. The items presented in this paper are: 1) Some of the results of an experimental program, conducted at NRC, on FRP-strengthened RC columns exposed to standard fires; 2) The numerical fire simulation models that were developed to predict the heat transfer behavior of FRP-strengthened RC columns during fire exposure; 3) the recommendations for design guidance for FRP-strengthened RC structures in fire. The paper also presents the impact of lateral loading on structural columns after fire to assess the effectiveness of structural resistance of fire-damaged FRP-strengthened building elements in case of an earthquake. yes yes FRP-strengthened concrete; fire resistance; heat transfer; structural resistance 2012 978-1-62276-401-3 310 317 8 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Construction Construction National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21274080 a815b87e-f894-4c09-8256-40b0f60ba54a Mark F. Green aut Kevin Hollingshead aut Noureddine Bénichou Benichou, Noureddine aut CONST CONST 7th International Conference on Structures in Fire, June 6-8 2012, Zurich Switzerland article eng This paper considers the fire performance of concrete beams and columns that have been strengthened with fibre reinforced polymers (FRPs). Results from four recent full-scale tests are presented. A newly developed type of insultation was employed and the thickness of the insulation (15 to 20 mm) was approximately half that provided in earlier tests. All of the members survived four hours of fire exposure. A conceptual model for design is also presented. Further research needed to fully develop the conceptual model to a more practical design tool is outlined. yes yes fire; fibre reinforced polymers; concrete; strengthening; repair; rehabilitation 2012 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Construction Construction National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21274078 6ccf7a62-7c20-48b3-8ef1-2ec7b1a98f92 Boualem Ouazia Ouazia, B. aut CONST CONST Iain Alexander Macdonald MacDonald, I.A. aut CONST CONST M. Tardif aut Alexandra Thompson Thompson, A. aut CONST CONST Daniel Booth Booth, D.G. aut CONST CONST 2012 ASHRAE Annual Conference, June 2012, San Antonio, TX, USA article eng Displacement ventilation systems take a fundamentally different approach to space conditioning than the systems found in the majority of commercial buildings, which currently use a fully mixed and dilution approach to ventilation. Displacement ventilation (DV) is an alternate air distribution method for commercial spaces, in particular schools. Previous research has shown that this type of system works well for regions where buildings require year-round cooling, however there are a growing number of buildings using this approach in Canada, where buildings require heating during winter months. A series of field studies in existing Canadian schools were carried out during the heating season over the last three years. This paper presents results from field studies conducted in schools designed for displacement ventilation with a perimeter radiant heating system. We measured several aspects of the performance of a DV systems installed in schools located in different parts of the country. The results show that the measured contaminant removal effectiveness was higher than that provided in previous studies for heating mode. In addition, key predictors of thermal comfort are also generally within limits set by ASHRAE standards. The results of these field studies provide some evidence of thermal comfort and IAQ-related benefits of DV in cold climate. However, before general conclusions are drawn, the benefits need to be confirmed in other studies. yes yes 2012 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Construction Construction National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21274005 b95aefdd-73da-44a1-a528-4e181a9c0b7a Iain Alexander Macdonald MacDonald, Iain aut CONST CONST Boualem Ouazia Ouazia, B. aut CONST CONST Alexandra Thompson Thompson, A.J.L. aut CONST CONST Daniel Booth Booth, D. aut CONST CONST ASHRAE/REHVA 7th International Confernce on HVAC in Cold Climates, November 12-14, 2012, Calgary, Canada article eng yes yes 2012 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Construction Construction National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21274004 f6ea459a-be92-4cfc-972a-6d5f7dfed5e9 Jonathan E. Grindlay aut R Elizabeth (Elizabeth) Griffin Griffin, R. Elizabeth aut NSI ISN 285th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, September 19-23, 2011, Oxford, United Kingdom text article eng 2012-04-01 The workshop on Historical Time-Domain Astronomy (TDA) was attended by a near-capacity gathering of ~30 people. From information provided in turn by those present, an up-to-date overview was created of available plate archives, progress in their digitization, the extent of actual processing of those data, and plans for data distribution. Several recommendations were made for prioritising the processing and distribution of historical TDA data. yes yes Cambridge University Press 9781107019850 243 248 6 1743-9213 1743-9221 7 S285 10.1017/S1743921312000671 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21271966 dfc8f2ce-326a-4252-aa64-66e85391f71f Baris Ulutas aut Daniel (Dan) Kerley Kerley, Daniel aut HIA IHA Jennifer Dunn aut HIA IHA Afzal Suleman aut Edward J. Park aut text article eng Next generation telescopes are to employ segmented mirrors to realize extremely large primary mirror surfaces. For example, one of the current next generation large telescope projects, the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), will employ a 30 m primary mirror with 492 segments. With the high degree of segmentation, control of these segments against external disturbances to maintain the parabolic mirror shape becomes a challenging task. In this paper, a preliminary study of H ∞ control of the segmented primary mirror is presented. Both spatially-invariant distributed and centralized H ∞ controllers are designed for a proof-of-concept 37-segment system model. In our proposed mirror design, the segments are dynamically coupled through a uniform support structure, which is modeled using the finite element method. In addition, the segments have the coupled control objective of maintaining the overall mirror shape to allow the highest possible image resolution. A spatially-invariant distributed model is obtained by using a finite element model of the 7-segment system. The resulting model is then used to synthesize a spatially-invariant distributed controller, and is expanded to obtain the 37-segment system by interconnecting the distributed model in a honeycomb-like pattern. The simulation results of the distributed controller is presented and compared with the results from the centralized H ∞ controller applied to the 37-segment model. It is shown that both centralized and spatially-invariant distributed controllers satisfy the imaging performance requirements. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. yes yes Control objectives Design and simulation Distributed control Distributed controller Distributed models External disturbances Finite element models Imaging performance Large telescopes Mirror design Mirror shape Parabolic mirrors Segmented primary mirrors Segmented telescope Spatially-invariant Support structures System models Thirty Meter Telescope Distributed parameter control systems Finite element method Image resolution Optical telescopes 2012-01-17 0957-4158 22 1 121 135 15 10.1016/j.mechatronics.2011.12.003 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21271946 ed7ce156-3c7e-4982-bdaa-5f50773e9ebc David J Lockwood Lockwood, D. J. aut MSS SME P. Mascher aut 2nd International Symposium on Nanoscale Luminescent Materials - 221st ECS Meeting, May 6-10, 2012, Seattle, WA, USA text chapter eng yes yes 2012 9781566779579 Volume 45, Issue 5 1938-5862 Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21271905 29672663-e8f8-4afa-8314-5b9e106e22c4 E. J. Taylor aut Christina Bock Bock, C. aut EME EME M. Inman aut Kourosh Malek Malek, K. aut EME EME Symposium on Contemporary Issues and Case Studies in Electrochemical Innovation - 222nd ECS Meeting/PRiME 2012, October 7-12, 2012, Honolulu, HI text chapter eng yes yes 2012 9781607684114 Volume 50, Issue 23 1938-5862 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Energy, Mining and Environment Énergie, mines et environnement National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21271904 8305b430-672c-41c0-86ee-f8beca9711dd Christina Bock Bock, C. aut EME EME J. Leddy aut 1st Electrochemical Energy Summit, E2S 2011 - 220th ECS Meeting, October 10-12, 2011, Boston, MA, USA text chapter eng yes yes 2012 9781607683308 Volume 41, Issue 31 1938-5862 41 31 Energy, Mining and Environment Énergie, mines et environnement National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21271903 d8b2da95-29ab-4bec-ac71-5127c02387f1 C. Harnagea aut M. Azodi aut R. Nechache aut Cristian Cojocaru Cojocaru, C.-V. aut AST ATS V. Buscaglia aut M. T. Buscaglia aut P. Nanni aut F. Rosei aut A. Pignolet aut The Third COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) MP0904 WG Workshop, 23-24 April 2012 text article eng Anisotropic nanostructures such as nanowires (NWs)/nanotubes and nanometer-sized islands are the subject of intense research efforts due to several interesting phenomena observed to occur in confined geometries with a high aspect ratio and/or reduced size. Understanding and controlling the mechanical and electromechanical behaviors of these nanostructures are crucial for the practical implementation of such building blocks as active or passive components in nanodevices. Recent progresses toward the characterization of individual one-dimensional (NWs and nanotubes) and two-dimensional (islands) functional nanoscale objects of piezoelectric and ferroelectric (BaTiO3, Bi 4Ti3O12 (BiT), and NaNbO3) and multiferroics (BiFeO3 and Bi2FeCrO6 (BFCO)) are presented. These nanoobjects have been characterized using scanning probe microscopy-based techniques, combined with various modulation schemes for enhanced sensing capabilities. The most remarkable results include: ferroelectricity of NaNbO3/Nb2O5 nanotube heterostructures, negative piezoelectric coefficient in highly anisotropic BiT mesoscopic rods, and preservation of the multiferroic character of epitaxial BFCO nanoislands. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC. yes yes Anisotropic nanostructures Bismuth ferrites Bismuth titanate Electromechanical behavior Ferroelectric nanostructures Piezoelectric coefficient Piezoresponse force microscopy Restricted geometries Anisotropy Aspect ratio Barium titanate Bismuth Ferroelectricity Nanowires Niobium oxide Piezoelectricity Scanning probe microscopy Nanotubes 2012-10-01 0141-1594 86 7 635 650 16 10.1080/01411594.2012.722634 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Automotive and Surface Transportation Automobile et transport de surface National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21271851 ebd97702-4f0e-4f77-b288-032b5f3ba1cd Wishart David Wishart, David S. aut SDT TSR Jewison Timothy aut Guo An Chi aut Wilson Michael aut Knox Craig aut Liu Yifeng aut Djoumbou Yannick aut Mandal Rupasri aut Aziat Farid aut Dong Edison aut Bouatra Souhaila aut Sinelnikov Igor aut Arndt David aut Xia Jianguo aut Liu Philip aut Yallou Faizath Sonya Yallou, Faizath aut Bjorndahl Trent Corwin Bjorndahl, Trent aut Perez-Pineiro Rolando aut Eisner Roman aut Allen Felicity aut Neveu Vanessa aut Greiner Russ aut Scalbert Augustin aut text article eng The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (www. hmdb.ca) is a resource dedicated to providing scientists with the most current and comprehensive coverage of the human metabolome. Since its first release in 2007, the HMDB has been used to facilitate research for nearly 1000 published studies in metabolomics, clinical biochemistry and systems biology. The most recent release of HMDB (version 3.0) has been significantly expanded and enhanced over the 2009 release (version 2.0). In particular, the number of annotated metabolite entries has grown from 6500 to more than 40000 (a 600% increase). This enormous expansion is a result of the inclusion of both 'detected' metabolites (those with measured concentrations or experimental confirmation of their existence) and 'expected' metabolites (those for which biochemical pathways are known or human intake/exposure is frequent but the compound has yet to be detected in the body). The latest release also has greatly increased the number of metabolites with biofluid or tissue concentration data, the number of compounds with reference spectra and the number of data fields per entry. In addition to this expansion in data quantity, new database visualization tools and new data content have been added or enhanced. These include better spectral viewing tools, more powerful chemical substructure searches, an improved chemical taxonomy and better, more interactive pathway maps. This article describes these enhancements to the HMDB, which was previously featured in the 2009 NAR Database Issue. (Note to referees, HMDB 3.0 will go live on 18 September 2012.) yes yes 2012-11-17 0305-1048 41 D1 D801 D807 10.1093/nar/gks1065 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) gold access 21271843 696df74a-a27d-401f-a905-3a5b2cf4db60 An Chi Guo aut Timothy Jewison aut Michael Wilson aut Yifeng Liu aut Craig Knox aut Yannick Djoumbou aut Patrick Lo aut Rupasri Mandal aut Ram Krishnamurthy aut David Wishart Wishart, David S. aut SDT TSR text article eng The Escherichia coli Metabolome Database (ECMDB, http://www.ecmdb.ca) is a comprehensively annotated metabolomic database containing detailed information about the metabolome of E. coli (K-12). Modelled closely on the Human and Yeast Metabolome Databases, the ECMDB contains >2600 metabolites with links to ∼1500 different genes and proteins, including enzymes and transporters. The information in the ECMDB has been collected from dozens of textbooks, journal articles and electronic databases. Each metabolite entry in the ECMDB contains an average of 75 separate data fields, including comprehensive compound descriptions, names and synonyms, chemical taxonomy, compound structural and physicochemical data, bacterial growth conditions and substrates, reactions, pathway information, enzyme data, gene/protein sequence data and numerous hyperlinks to images, references and other public databases. The ECMDB also includes an extensive collection of intracellular metabolite concentration data compiled from our own work as well as other published metabolomic studies. This information is further supplemented with thousands of fully assigned reference nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry spectra obtained from pure E. coli metabolites that we (and others) have collected. Extensive searching, relational querying and data browsing tools are also provided that support text, chemical structure, spectral, molecular weight and gene/protein sequence queries. Because of E. coli's importance as a model organism for biologists and as a biofactory for industry, we believe this kind of database could have considerable appeal not only to metabolomics researchers but also to molecular biologists, systems biologists and individuals in the biotechnology industry. © The Author(s) 2012. yes yes bacterial enzyme bacterial protein amino acid sequence bacterial gene bacterial growth bacterial metabolism bacterial strain bioinformatics carbon nuclear magnetic resonance chemical structure Escherichia coli factual database gene sequence mass spectrometry metabolite metabolome molecular weight proton nuclear magnetic resonance Databases, Genetic Escherichia coli K12 Escherichia coli Proteins 2012-10-29 0305-1048 41 D1 D625 D630 10.1093/nar/gks992 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) gold access 21271842 0d7350c5-aea6-4ecb-a7eb-3fdd3509705f Robert Cockcroft aut Alan McConnachie McConnachie, Alan W. aut NSI ISN William E. Harris aut Rodrigo Ibata aut Mike J. Irwin aut Annette M. N. Ferguson aut Mark A. Fardal aut Arif Babul aut Scott C. Chapman aut Geraint F. Lewis aut Nicolas F. Martin aut Thomas H. Puzia aut text article eng We use data from the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey to search for evidence of an extended halo component belonging to M33 (the Triangulum Galaxy).We identify a population of red giant branch (RGB) stars at large radii fromM33's disc whose connection to the recently discovered extended 'disc substructure' is ambiguous, and which may represent a 'bona fide' halo component. After first correcting for contamination from the Milky Way foreground population and misidentified background galaxies, we average the radial density of RGB candidate stars over circular annuli centred on the galaxy and away from the disc substructure. We find evidence of a low-luminosity, centrally concentrated component that is everywhere in our data fainter than μV ~ 33 mag arcsec-2. The scalelength of this feature is not well constrained by our data, but it appears to be of the order of rexp ~20 kpc; there isweak evidence to suggest that it is not azimuthally symmetric. Inspection of the overall colour-magnitude diagram for this region that specifically clips out the disc substructure reveals that this residual RGB population is consistent with an old population with a photometric metallicity of around [Fe/H] ~ -2 dex, but some residual contamination from the disc substructure appears to remain. We discuss the likelihood that our findings represent a bona fide halo in M33, rather than extended emission from the disc substructure. We interpret our findings in terms of an upper limit to M33's halo that is a fewper cent of its total luminosity, although its actual luminosity is likely much less. © 2012 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. yes yes 2012-10-29 0035-8711 428 2 1248 1262 15 10.1093/mnras/sts112 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21271835 032083bd-9093-40c7-bb93-c101483779f3 Ihor Omelyan Omelyan, Igor aut SDT TSR Andriy Kovalenko aut SDT TSR text article eng We have proposed a new canonical-isokinetic ensemble for efficient sampling of conformational space in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations which leads to the optimised isokinetic Nosé-Hoover (OIN) chain algorithm for atomic and molecular systems. We applied OIN to multiple time step (MTS) MD simulations of the rigid and flexible models of water to demonstrate its advantage over the standard canonical, isokinetic and canonical-isokinetic ensembles. With the stabilising effect of OIN thermostatting in MTS-MD, gigantic outer time steps up to picoseconds can be employed to accurately calculate equilibrium and conformational properties. Furthermore, we developed the atomic version of OIN for MTS-MD of a biomolecule in a solvent potential of mean force obtained at sequential MD steps by using the molecular theory of solvation, aka three-dimensional reference interaction site model with the Kovalenko-Hirata closure (3D-RISM-KH). The solvation forces are obtained analytically by converging the 3D-RISM-KH integral equations once per several OIN outer time steps, and are calculated in between by using solvation force-coordinate extrapolation (SFCE) in the subspace of previous successive solutions to 3D-RISM-KH. For illustration, we applied the multiscale OIN/SFCE/3D-RISM-KH algorithm to a fully flexible model of alanine dipeptide in aqueous solution. Although the computational rate of solvent sampling in OIN/SFCE/3D-RISM-KH is already 20 times faster than standard MD with explicit solvent, further substantial acceleration of sampling stems from making solute evolution steps in a statistically averaged potential of mean force obtained from 3D-RISM-KH. The latter efficiently samples the phase space for essential events with rare statistics such as exchange and localisation of solvent and ligand molecules in confined spaces, pockets and at binding sites of the solute macromolecule, as distinct from MD with explicit solvent which requires enormous computational time and number of steps in such cases. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. yes yes Alanine dipeptides Computational time Confined space Conformational properties Conformational space Efficient sampling Explicit solvents Flexible model Ligand molecules Localisation MD simulation Molecular dynamics simulations Molecular systems Molecular theory of solvation Multiple time step Multiscales Phase spaces Picoseconds Potential of mean force Reference interaction site models Solvation forces Time step Algorithms Amino acids Conformations Phase space methods Solvents Three dimensional computer graphics 2012-08-09 0892-7022 39 1 25 48 24 10.1080/08927022.2012.700486 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21271824 a35e694a-8e65-412d-9762-e095bb14a411 Chuan He aut Quanrong Gu aut Min Huang aut James Xing aut Jie Chen aut SDT TSR text article eng We have successfully delivered FITC and FITC-Dextran (70, 250 kDa) into canola protoplasts by centrifuging cells with different amounts of microbubbles at variable centrifuge speed. The efficiency is around 90%, while cell viability remains high. Confocal microscopy images show that both FITC and FITC-Dextran are scattered inside the cytoplasm and the cell nucleus. Pores are observed on canola protoplast cell membranes and cell walls when centrifuged with microbubbles, while the membrane of cells centrifuged alone remain intact and smooth. We hypothesize that the collision between the microbubbles and cells or the bursting of microbubbles are the main reasons for the formation of these pores. Biomaterials can diffuse into the cells once the pathway is created. © 2012 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. yes yes fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran cell membrane cell nucleus cell transport cell viability cell wall confocal microscopy cytoplasm flow cytometry microbubble protoplast Biological Transport Brassica Cell Survival Centrifugation Cytological Techniques Diffusion Drug Delivery Systems Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Microbubbles Protoplasts Brassica napus var. napus 2012-12-19 0014-5793 587 3 285 290 6 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.12.005 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21271799 433c6466-34b6-4a4a-a97a-6acb3e9827b2 Lian Shoute Shoute, Lian C. T. aut SDT TSR Yiliang Wu aut Richard Louis McCreery McCreery, Richard L. aut SDT TSR text article eng A large number of nonvolatile memory devices have been reported with both inorganic and organic components, and many of these involve changes in device resistance between a high conductivity "ON" state and a low conductivity "OFF" state. The mechanism of memory action in many of these devices is uncertain, and may be based on many phenomena, including redox reactions, metal filament formation, charge storage in "floating gates", and redistribution of oxide vacancies. We report here a Raman spectroscopic probe of organic polymer memory devices which permits direct monitoring of the doping state and conductivity of polythiophene in a 3-terminal device. The polymer conductance is controlled by voltage pulses between the source and gate electrodes in FET geometry, while the conductance state is read out by a separate circuit between source and drain. The conductance was directly correlated with the Raman determination of the density of polarons in the polymer film, which was shown to control both the "electroforming" process and the conductance switching in working memory devices. The polymer conductance change requires a redox counter-reaction at the gate electrode, and atmospheric effects on performance indicate that water and oxygen reduction are involved. The observations are consistent with a redox process between the gate and source electrodes which modulates the polaron concentration and source-drain conductivity. This mechanism provides a framework for optimization of the device by changing its composition and geometry, particularly the identity of the redox counter-reaction and control of ion mobility. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. yes yes Solid state redox Poly-thiophene Atmospheric effects Conductance switching Mechanism of memory Non-volatile memory Nonvolatile memory devices Raman spectroscopic Spectroscopic monitoring Electrolytic reduction Molecular electronics Nonvolatile storage Organic polymers Polarons Polymer films Redox reactions Refractory metal compounds Semiconductor doping 2012-12-03 0013-4686 110 437 445 9 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.11.111 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21271795 c96c89b5-65c8-498a-9f00-3aa035c84727 Allan L. Beaudry aut Joshua M. Laforge aut Ryan T. Tucker aut Peng Li aut SDT TSR Michael T. Taschuk aut Michael Julian Brett Brett, Michael J. aut SDT TSR text article eng Single-crystal indium tin oxide (ITO) nanotrees with engineered trunk and branch orientations are grown using a recently reported technique combining vapor-liquid-solid growth and glancing angle deposition (VLS-GLAD). In this work, three unique capabilities of VLS-GLAD are demonstrated for the first time: (i) nanotrees are aligned without epitaxy, (ii) branches can be placed on select faces of the nanotree trunk, and (iii) branch orientation can be modified along the height of nanotrees. VLS-GLAD uses a collimated obliquely incident vapor flux to place material on desired growth surfaces, resulting in preferential branch growth on the sides of the nanotree trunk exposed to the flux at the time of nucleation. Dynamic control of the azimuthal orientation of the flux relative to a growing nanotree enables the preferential orientation of branches to be modulated along the height of the nanotree, which we have demonstrated with both continuous and discrete substrate rotation schemes. An electron diffraction investigation confirms that the nanotrees can be considered as a single crystal, with continuity of the crystal structure across the trunk-branch interface. Crystal texture of the films is characterized by X-ray diffraction pole figures. By limiting the flux to discrete positions, the films develop both out-of-plane and in-plane crystal alignment (biaxial texture). We interpret the in-plane orientation as the result of competitive growth, which leads to evolutionary selection of similarly oriented structures. Control over in-plane nanotree crystal alignment and height-dependent branch orientation should increase the achievable complexity in three-dimensional nanowire architectures. © 2012 American Chemical Society. yes yes Azimuthal orientation Biaxial textures Competitive growth Crystal texture Dynamic controls Glancing Angle Deposition Growth surfaces In-plane orientation Indium tin oxide Nanotrees Oriented structure Out-of-plane Pole figure Preferential orientation Substrate rotation Vapor fluxes Vapor-liquid-solid growth Alignment Indium compounds Nanowires Vapors X-ray diffraction Crystal orientation 2012-12-18 1528-7483 13 1 212 219 8 10.1021/cg3013798 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21271794 4fd1c8ce-6b49-4d09-9c0b-e85570c7c00c Reda Elshafey aut Chaker Tlili aut Abedelnasser (Naz) Abulrob Abulrob, Abedelnasser aut HHT TSH Ana C. Tavares aut Mohammed Zourob aut text article eng The detection of cancer biomarkers is as important tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer such as brain cancer. Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) has been widely studied as prognostic marker for brain tumor. Here we describe development of a new sensitive label free impedimetric immunosensor for the detection of MDM2 based on cysteamine self assembled monolayers on a clean polycrystalline Au electrode surface. The amine-modified electrodes were further functionalized with antibody using homobifunctional 1,4-phenylene diisothiocyanate (PDITC) linker. The assembly processes of the immunosensor had been monitored with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques using Fe(CN)6^3-/4- solution as redox probe. The impedance changes upon binding of MDM2 protein to the sensor surface was utilized for the detection of MDM2. The increase in relative electron-transfer resistance (ΔR/R0%) values was linearly proportional to the concentration of tumor marker MDM2 in the wide dynamic range of 1pg/ml-1μg/ml. The limit of detection was 0.29pg/ml in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and 1.3pg/ml in mouse brain tissue homogenate, respectively. The immunosensor showed a good performance in comparison with ELISA for the analysis of the MDM2 in the cancerous mouse brain tissue homogenates. Moreover, the immunosensor had a good selectivity against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein, long-storage stability and reproducibility. It might be become a promising assay for clinical diagnosis and early detection of tumors. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.. yes yes MDM2; Cancer biomarker; Brain tissue; Cysteamine; Immunosensor; 1,4-phenylene diisothiocyanate; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 2012-08-02 0956-5663 39 1 220 225 6 10.1016/j.bios.2012.07.049 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Human Health Therapeutics Thérapeutiques en santé humaine National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21271786 df0e875a-2bce-4845-b369-b19ccbadd98e Meredith A. MacGregor aut David .J. Wilner aut Katherine A. Rosenfeld aut Sean M. Andrews aut Brenda Matthews aut NSI ISN A. Meredith Hughes aut Mark Booth aut Eugene Chiang aut James R. Graham aut Paul Kalas aut Grant Kennedy aut Bruce Sibthorpe aut text article eng We present 1.3 mm ALMA Cycle 0 observations of the edge-on debris disk around the nearby, ∼10 Myr old, M-type star AU Mic. These observations obtain 0.″6 (6 AU) resolution and reveal two distinct emission components: (1) the previously known dust belt that extends to a radius of 40 AU and (2) a newly recognized central peak that remains unresolved. The cold dust belt of mass ∼1 MMoon is resolved in the radial direction with a rising emission profile that peaks sharply at the location of the outer edge of the "birth ring" of planetesimals hypothesized to explain the midplane scattered light gradients. No significant asymmetries are discerned in the structure or position of this dust belt. The central peak identified in the ALMA image is ∼6 times brighter than the stellar photosphere, which indicates an additional emission process in the inner regions of the system. Emission from a stellar corona or activity may contribute, but the observations show no signs of temporal variations characteristic of radio-wave flares. We suggest that this central component may be dominated by dust emission from an inner planetesimal belt of mass ∼0.01 MMoon, consistent with a lack of emission shortward of 25 μm and a location ≲3 AU from the star. Future millimeter observations can test this assertion, as an inner dust belt should be readily separated from the central star at higher angular resolution. © 2013. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes yes 2012-12-17 2041-8205 762 2 L21 10.1088/2041-8205/762/2/L21 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21271783 ee0d4c32-8831-41cd-b8ab-ca745d743f07 Hirst Graeme aut Mohammad Saif M Mohammad, Saif aut IIT ITI text chapter eng Although semantic distance measures are applied to words in textual tasks such as building lexical chains, semantic distance is really a property of concepts, not words. After discussing the limitations of measures based solely on lexical resources such as WordNet or solely on distributional data from text corpora, we present a hybrid measure of semantic distance based on distributional profiles of concepts that we infer from corpora. We use only a very coarse-grained inventory of concepts - each category of a published thesaurus is taken as a single concept - and yet we obtain results on basic semantic-distance tasks that are better than those of methods that use only distributional data and are generally as good as those that use fine-grained WordNet-based measures. Because the measure is based on naturally occurring text, it is able to find word pairs that stand in non-classical relationships not found in WordNet. It can be applied cross-lingually, using a thesaurus in one language to measure semantic distance between words in another. In addition, we show the use of the method in determining the degree of antonymy of word pairs. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012-01-01 9783642226120 61 79 370 1860-949X 10.1007/978-3-642-22613-7_4 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Information Technology Institut de technologie de l'information du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21271466 e9cbbcab-c192-4cab-8ec7-f869c70b7fca Philippe Versailles aut Wajid Chishty Chishty, Wajid Ali aut AERO AERO Huu Duc Vo aut ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2012, June 11-15, 2012, Copenhagen, Denmark text article eng Dry low emissions premixed combustion systems have the ability to give larger NOx emissions reduction in comparison to diffusion type of combustors. However, these systems are prone to flashback because the fuel and oxidizers are mixed upstream of the combustion chamber. This is particularly true for premixed systems burning high-reactivity fuels due to their higher flame speed. Flashback is undesirable in gas turbines because it leads to overheating and failure of fuel nozzles and premixing sections. Recently, a novel application of Plasma Actuation through non-thermal Dielectric Barrier Discharge has been shown to significantly delay flashback in the core flow along the axis of the premixer. Building on this successful endeavour, efforts were directed to prove the effectiveness of the control method in situations where flashback was triggered in the boundary layer. Results show that the current application delays the occurrence of flashback in the boundary layer of the premixer to higher equivalence ratios. Improvements in the combustor operability margin of 10 to 14% when burning natural gas-air mixtures, and of about 3.5% when replacing the fuel by an equimolar mixture of natural gas and hydrogen, were achieved. It was found that the proposed application of plasma actuation is even more efficient in preventing flashback in the boundary layer than in the core flow. yes yes Dielectric barrier discharges Emissions reduction Equimolar mixtures Equivalence ratios Lean premixed combustors Natural gas-air mixture Novel applications Premixed combustion Boundary layers Combustion Combustion chambers Combustors Emission control Exhibitions Fuels Mixtures Natural gas Gas turbines 2012 9780791844687 GT2012-68224 133 142 10 10.1115/GT2012-68224 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270870 8b11dd9e-1f2d-4f4e-b418-b93ff66aa96f Adam O'Brien aut Xiao Huang aut Qi Yang Yang, Q. aut AERO AERO ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2012, June 11-15, 2012, Copenhagen, Denmark text article eng The standard yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) has been used as thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) in the hot sections of gas turbine engines for several decades. To achieve further improvement to the thermal insulation capability of current TBCs, doping of alternative oxides to zirconia or co-doping of oxides to YSZ has been employed. In our previous study, it has been shown that doping of 7YSZ with titania (TiO2) reduces thermal conductivity of 7YSZ substantially. As TBCs are susceptible to various failure mechanisms, in this study the erosion resistance of TiYSZ at high impingement speed and angle is evaluated along with measurements of hardness (H) and elastic modulus (E). Specimens with 5 different TiO2 doping amounts (5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15%) are fabricated using plasma spraying and high temperature sintering. The erosion test results show that sample with 5% TiO2 (5TiYSZ) suffers the most erosion damage at high impingement angle due to brittle fracture while 10-15TiYSZ samples exhibit less brittle erosion damage which leads to lower erosion rates under the same test condition. When comparing the erosion rates (defined as the loss of sample mass per mass unit of abrasive particles) to the hardness values, they were found to follow the same trend. The addition of TiO2 (10-15 wt%) had the effect of reducing the erosion rate of 7YSZ at high impingement angle. yes yes Abrasive particles Erosion resistance Failure mechanism High-temperature sintering Impingement angle Thermal barrier coating (TBCs) Thermal insulation capabilities Yttria-stabilized zirconias (YSZ) Brittle fracture Exhibitions Gas turbines Hardness Plasma spraying Thermal barrier coatings Thermal conductivity Titanium dioxide Yttria stabilized zirconia Zirconia Erosion 2012 9780791844717 GT2012-68172 61 69 9 10.1115/GT2012-68172 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270869 ca28176b-fff8-49f3-87a7-50e6f8c45e9a Jennifer Chalmers Chalmers, Jennifer L. Y. aut AERO AERO Craig Davison Davison, Craig R. aut AERO AERO Wajid Chishty Chishty, Wajid A. aut AERO AERO Jeffrey W (Jeff) Bird Bird, Jeff W. aut AERO AERO Tak Chan aut Peter Barton aut Rod Dagenais aut Vinh Pham aut Pierre Poitras aut ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2012, June 11-15, 2012, Copenhagen, Denmark text article eng Alternative fuel sources are becoming an operational reality; these fuels have the potential to reduce emissions, improve combustion characteristics and to increase fuel supply security. A test with a T56 turboprop engine was performed to demonstrate that a CHEFA/JP8 (Camelina Hydroprocessed Ester and Fatty Acids and standard JP8) fuel blend would meet operational requirements. The primary test objective was to assess whether a fuel change had an immediate impact on the engine condition, performance, emissions or vibration characteristics. This paper presents test results comparing engine performance with JP8 and a 50/50 blend of JP8 and CHEFA. Comparison runs were conducted before and after a 20 hour ground durability test with the CHEFA fuel blend. A nearly time-expired, nacelle-dressed T56 on an outdoor test stand was tested. The engine was equipped with minimallyintrusive non-standard pressure, temperature and emissions monitoring equipment, and a field vibration assessment suite in addition to the standard flight instrumentation. This paper discusses the test plan, data acquisition methods, results and data repeatability. The performance and emissions results are compared to the changes predicted theoretically from the fuel properties. Observations from the borescope inspections before, during and after the 20 hour durability test are also presented. The lessons learned in this test could be applied to future fuel or process-change tests, and the results provide a performance baseline for engine health assessment. Copyright © 2012 by Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada yes yes Borescope inspection Combustion characteristics Emissions monitoring Engine performance Flight instrumentations Operational requirements Performance and emissions Vibration characteristics Alternative fuels Engines Exhibitions Gas turbines Durability 2012 978-0-7918-4467-0 GT2012-69978 425 435 11 10.1115/GT2012-69978 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270868 5c4ffbf5-acb3-4e1a-b78d-02ab18f7aec1 Jaron G. Van Dijken aut Nathanael L.-W. Wu aut Michael David Fleischauer Fleischauer, Michael D. aut SDT TSR Jillian Buriak Buriak, Jillian M. aut SDT TSR Michael Julian Brett Brett, Michael J. aut SDT TSR Organic Photonics V, April 16-18, 2012, Brussels text article eng We present methods for nanostructuring organic thin films for organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Using the glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique, we fabricate a variety of columnar morphologies of metal phthalocyanine (MPc) materials that can be used as structured donor layers in OPV devices. We leverage this capability with block copolymer surface patterning techniques to achieve perfectly periodic columnar arrays while providing additional control over column dimensions, spacing, and density. Our investigation employs hexagonal seed patterns of platinum on silicon and we vary the seed spacing between 40 nm and 60 nm. We find that pattern resemblance begins to fade when the film thickness exceeds the seed spacing. We compare the film evolution between vertical post and slanted post morphologies, and use advanced substrate motion techniques to constrain column diameters. We conclude by addressing the compatibility of surface patterning with device fabrication. Patterned ITO surfaces and SiO 2 seed patterns are shown. yes yes Additional control Column dimensions Columnar arrays Columnar morphology Device fabrications Donor layers Film evolution Glancing Angle Deposition Glancing angle deposition technique Metalphthalocyanines Morphology control Motion techniques Nano-structuring Nanoscale patterning Organic photovoltaic devices Organic photovoltaics Organic thin films Patterned ITO Seed spacing Small molecules Surface patterning Vertical posts Zinc phthalocyanines Block copolymers Lithography Morphology Photovoltaic effects Platinum Silicon oxides Surfaces Thin films Zinc compounds Vapor deposition 2012-06-01 9780819491275 84350R 0277-786X 8435 10.1117/12.922659 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270867 53922a22-5080-41ed-b8d3-528cbf82d1c8 Andriy Kovalenko Kovalenko, A. aut SDT TSR Euromembrane Conference 2012, September 23-27, 2012, Westminster, London text article eng yes yes 2012-11-07 1877-7058 44 386 387 2 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.425 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270866 b0c3bc67-ff2f-402a-a304-cbaf9487a152 W. Huang aut CSTT CTTS Y. Liu aut CSTT CTTS J. Preston-Thomas aut CSTT CTTS 2012 Joint Rail Conference, JRC 2012, 17 April 2012 through 19 April 2012, Philadelphia, PA text article eng One of the fundamental keys to improving track safety standards is to establish a strong correlation between track geometry variations and wheel-rail force parameters that are indicators of vehicle-track safety performance. In this study, wheel-rail forces were collected during field tests of a loaded lumber car and an empty tank car. Computer models of the two tested freight cars were built, and the models were calibrated using field test results. The computer models were then used to evaluate the impact of varying track geometry parameters on track safety using the maximum single wheel L/V ratio, maximum truck side L/V ratio, and minimum vertical wheel load ratio. It was confirmed again that the correlations between these force parameters and any individual geometry parameter were weak. With further investigation, it was found that much better correlation can be achieved using multiple regression techniques to define each wheel-rail force parameter as a function of all track geometry parameters combined together. Expressions of the maximum truck side L/V ratio, maximum single wheel L/V ratio, and minimum vertical wheel load ratio were obtained as functions of curvature, cross level, alignment, gauge, and cant deficiency using multiple regression analysis. Copyright © 2012 by ASME. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 9780791844656 245 253 9 10.1115/JRC2012-74120 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Centre for Surface Transportation Technology (CSTT-CTTS) Centre de technologie des transports de surface du CNRC (CTTS-CSTT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270861 38f9e2a2-7fe4-41e6-a67f-a51153eaea44 T.Z. Salehi aut A. Tonelli aut A. Mazza aut BRI IRB H. Staji aut P. Badagliacca aut I.A. Tamai aut R. Jamshidi aut J. Harel aut R. Lelli aut L. Masson aut BRI IRB text article eng From the Camelidae family members, several serotypes of Escherichia coli (E. coli) have recently been isolated from diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic faecal samples. To date Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains have never been typed in one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius). In the present study, two E. coli O157:H7 strains isolated from sick dromedaries were investigated. Virulence gene profiles were determined using a custom E. coli virulence DNA microarray, composed of 70-mer oligonucleotide probes targeting 264 virulence or related genes of known E. coli pathotypes. Both strains displayed positive hybridization signals for the Locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) gene probes (ler, eae, espA, espB, tir genes), two Shiga toxin probes (stx1 and stx2), the O157 O-antigen specific probe, various virulence plasmid (pO157) probes like katP in addition to other accessory virulence genes characterized in STEC. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes bacterial DNA virulence factor animal animal disease article bacterial gene camel classification DNA microarray Escherichia coli infection Escherichia coli O157 feces genetics isolation and purification methodology microbiology Animals Camels DNA, Bacterial Escherichia coli Infections Escherichia coli O157 Feces Genes, Bacterial Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis Virulence Factors 2012 1073-6085 51 3 283 288 6 10.1007/s12033-011-9466-7 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI-IRB) Institut de recherche en biotechnologie du CNRC (IRB-BRI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270863 4d30fb53-d158-4ad1-be72-48771b0fd1ba M. Martinez aut NRC CNRC B. Rocha aut NRC CNRC M. Li aut NRC CNRC G. Shi aut NRC CNRC A. Beltempo aut NRC CNRC R. Rutledge aut NRC CNRC M. Yanishevsky aut NRC CNRC ASME 2012 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems, SMASIS 2012, 19 September 2012 through 21 September 2012, Stone Mountain, GA text article eng The National Research Council of Canada has developed Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) test platforms for load and damage monitoring, sensor system testing and validation. One of the SHM platform consists of two 2.25 meter long, simple cantilever aluminium beams that provide a perfect scenario for evaluating the capability of a load monitoring system to measure bending, torsion and shear loads. In addition to static and quasi-static loading procedures, these structures can be fatigue loaded using a realistic aircraft usage spectrum while SHM and load monitoring systems are assessed for their performance and accuracy. In this study, Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), consisting of triads of gyroscopes, accelerometers and magnetometers, were used to compute changes in angles at discrete stations along the structure. A Least Squares based algorithm was developed for polynomial fitting of the different data obtained from the MEMS installed in several spatial locations of the structure. The angles obtained from the MEMS sensors were fitted with a second, third and/or fourth order degree polynomial surface, enabling the calculation of displacements at every point. The use of a novel Kalman filter architecture was evaluated for an accurate angle and subsequent displacement estimation. The outputs of the newly developed algorithms were then compared to the displacements obtained from the Linear Variable Displacement Transducers (LVDT) connected to the structures. The determination of the best Least Squares based polynomial fit order enabled the application of derivative operators with enough accuracy to permit the calculation of strains along the structure. The calculated strain values were subsequently compared to the measurements obtained from reference strain gauges installed at different locations on the structure. This new approach for load monitoring was able to provide accurate estimates of applied strains and loads. Copyright © 2012 by Her Majesty The Queen in Right of Canada. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 9780791845097 1 799 805 7 10.1115/SMASIS2012-8109 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270864 556be5e0-f0b4-43a5-ba39-bcf8d173358d O. Vopicka aut M.G. De Angelis aut G.C. Sarti aut N. Du aut NRC CNRC N. Li aut NRC CNRC M.D. Guiver aut NRC CNRC Euromembrane Conference 2012, 23 September 2012 through 27 September 2012, Westminster, London text article eng yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 1877-7058 44 758 759 2 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.559 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270857 add48b3d-6580-4a4b-a170-db9de5c7a5fe A. D'Auteuil aut NRC CNRC G.L. Larose aut NRC CNRC S.J. Zan aut NRC CNRC 9th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association, ISEA 2012, 9 July 2012 through 13 July 2012, Lowell, MA text article eng To optimize the reduction of the drag area coefficient of a speed skater, mannequins in static positions wearing suits were tested in the NRC 2m × 3m Wind Tunnel to find the lowest drag for a given range of speeds. The results obtained from this study can only be interpreted and applied to a speed skater if the aerodynamic drag coefficient is not affected significantly by the motion of the skater. It has been assumed that, for a representative cadence or frequency of oscillation of a speed skater lower than 1 Hz which is representative of the motion in a race, the aerodynamics could be considered quasi-stationary. The quasi-steady state is defined by the flow that developed around the body and the wake both governing the aerodynamic drag compared to the contribution of the low frequency of oscillation of the body. To verify this hypothesis and to determine to what extent the quasi-steady assumption is valid for a human body in a speed skating position, a study was carried out in a wind tunnel using a moving life-size mannequin. A mechanism was devised so that a mannequin in a sidepush position could be oscillated to mimic the sinusoidal path of a speed skater. The amplitude of motion was kept constant and the frequencies of oscillation and wind speeds were changed to cover the equivalent of 500 m to 10,000 m races. The experiments have revealed that the variations of the drag area coefficient with wind speed were similar for static positions and for cases where the mannequin was oscillating at frequencies lower than 0.67 Hz or for a period of rotation of 1.5 s. The drag reduction occurred at the same wind speeds for the static and dynamic cases. This paper presents details of the experiments and a summary of the main findings. © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 1877-7058 34 62 67 6 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.04.012 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270859 11a94962-2c65-44e7-996a-3c7254c894ab Shuai Ban aut EME EME Kourosh Malek aut EME EME Cheng Huang aut EME EME text article eng Molecular simulation is used to model the structural change of carbon nanoparticles in terms of total mass loss during the oxidation process. The density changes as well as simulation snapshots suggest a location-dependent gasification, particularly taking place in the core of the carbon particles. A graphitic shell structure of degraded carbon particles obtained from our simulations is in agreement with experimental observations. In addition, the shrinkage of graphitic crystallites near the carbon surface leads to the formation of micropores, the volume of which increases with the oxidation level. On the basis of this carbon model, the stability of Pt nanoparticles is investigated for various temperatures and roughnesses of the carbon surface. Simulation results show that migration and coalescence of Pt particles indeed occur, but at a low rate. In particular, detachment and transport of small Pt clusters were observed from simulation snapshots, supporting the argument that the transport of molecular Pt species occurs on carbon surface. The thermal activation plays a key role in the deformation of the Pt crystal structure. During simulations, both the size and surface of Pt particles increase at elevated temperature, i.e. 600 °C. However, only a few of the surface Pt atoms may contribute to the catalytic performance due to their site-dependent reactivity. yes yes Molecular dynamics; Carbon black; Pt degradation; Fuel cells 2012-08-13 0378-7753 221 21 27 7 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.08.014 Energy, Mining and Environment Énergie, mines et environnement National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270516 33135d69-bf5d-4c58-89ba-7955207575f3 Dongfang Yang aut AST ATS text article eng Thin films of vanadium-doped crystalline Mn2O3 and amorphous MnOx have been grown by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) process on silicon wafer and stainless steel substrates at different substrate temperatures and oxygen gas pressures. It was found that V-doping level as low as 3.2 atm. % can transform the crystal structure of a crystalline Mn 2O3 film into a crystalline MnO2 film. V-doping (up to 10 atm. %) has significantly lowered the specific capacitance of the crystalline Mn2O3 films. However, V-doped amorphous MnOx films did significantly increase the specific capacitance at high CV scan rate as compared with the un-doped MnOx films and the specific capacitance of V-doped amorphous films increased linearly with the V atomic percentage. At high scan rate of 100 mV s-¹, 9.7 atm. % V-doped MnOx film reached a high specific capacitance value of 95 F g-#185; indicating that V-doped amorphous MnOx is good candidate active materials for high energy supercapacitors. The results prove that elemental doping can significantly change the electrochemical properties of MnOx films. yes yes Electrochemical capacitor; Supercapacitor; Pulsed laser deposition; Vanadium doping; Manganese oxides; Thin films 2012-11-29 0378-7753 228 89 96 8 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.11.067 Automotive and Surface Transportation Automobile et transport de surface National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270515 51954392-ddc2-41af-b7ff-d3213152295d Lucie Couture Couture, L. aut HHT TSH Louis-Philippe Richer Richer, L. P. aut HHT TSH Mario Mercier Mercier, M. aut HHT TSH Cynthia Hélie Hélie, C. aut HHT TSH D. Lehoux aut Sazzad Hossain Hossain, S. M. aut HHT TSH text article eng Introduction: The FeCl3-induced arterial model of thrombosis is one of the most widely used animal models to assess arterial efficacy of new antithrombotic drug candidates. This model is well-established in rodents but in a less extent in the rabbit. In this work, we present a methodology for a rabbit FeCl3-induced arterial model of thrombosis derived from our troubleshooting which allows the generation of reliable efficacy data for new antithrombotic drug candidates. Methods: Rabbits were administered with heparin 4.5U/kg/min, argatroban 10μg/kg/min or saline by intravenous infusion. The blood flow was monitored using a Doppler flow probe. The time from the application of FeCl3 to the recorded zero blood flow was defined as the time to occlusion, with a maximum recording time of 60min post-FeCl3 application. After 30min of infusion, thrombosis was induced by wrapping a FeCl3-saturated filter paper around the carotid artery caudal to the flow probe. Animals were subject to exclusion criteria based on the visual aspect of the artery FeCl3-induced injury and based on changes in blood flow upon FeCl3 application. Results: Following the application of FeCl3, a mean time to occlusion for saline, heparin and argatroban of 24.3±1.8, 52.5±4.8 and 53.5±4.5min was obtained, respectively. Mean time to occlusion for heparin and argatroban administered groups was significantly different when compared to the saline-treated group (p<0.05). These results for the test compounds represent approximately 80% of the maximum possible prolongation. Discussion: The rabbit FeCl3-induced arterial model of thrombosis presented in this paper derived from our troubleshooting is sensitive and reproducible for the generation of accurate and reliable efficacy data in the assessment of new antithrombotic agents in preclinical drug development. © 2012. yes yes Antithrombotic drug; Blood flow; Ferric chloride; Methods; Rabbit; Time to occlusion 2012-12-08 1056-8719 67 2 91 97 7 10.1016/j.vascn.2012.11.003 Human Health Therapeutics Thérapeutiques en santé humaine National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270501 6aab74ff-b697-4cbb-abad-cc3b9a7d521e Xiaowei Song aut MD DM Arnold Mitnitski aut Ningnannan Zhang aut MD DM Wei Chen aut MD DM Kenneth Rockwood aut text article eng Background: On average, cognition declines as people age, but improvement can also occur. Objective: To evaluate the dynamics of age-related changes in brain structure and cognitive function in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and in healthy control (HC) older adults. Methods: High-resolution 3-Tesla MRI and clinical data were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative in 187 subjects (a cohort aged 55-91 years; AD=43, MCI=84, HC=60). At 24 months, 151 people had clinical and 128 had MRI follow-up. Brain structure was assessed using the Medial Temporal Atrophy Scale (MTAS) and the Brain Atrophy and Lesion Index (BALI). Cognition was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog). Responsiveness was tested. Changes were analysed using a multistate dynamic model, adjusted for age, gender, ApoE4 genotype and vascular risk factors. Results: Over 2 years, decline in brain structure and cognition predominated, each showing detectable effect sizes (Cohen's d=0.33 for MTAS, 0.32 for BALI, 0.41 for MMSE, 0.38 for ADAS-cog; standard response mean=0.71, 0.69, 0.50 and 0.47, respectively). Structural improvement was observed (10.2% in BALI and 0.8% in MTAS), as was cognitive improvement (23.2% MMSE, 27.2% ADAS-cog). Most people (66.7%) whose BALI score improved also improved in either the MMSE or ADAS-cog. No patient with MCI whose MTAS or BALI improved converted to AD. Conclusions: Despite average decline in brain structure, improvement was observed and related to cognition and MCI-AD conversion. Ageing-related brain changes reflect a dynamic process. yes yes 2012-11-02 0022-3050 84 1 71 78 8 10.1136/jnnp-2012-303579 Medical Devices Dispositifs médicaux National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270498 539576ae-e0f8-4931-a9d2-8ad7dc573ae5 Alan Madej Madej, A. A. aut MSS SME Pierre Dubé Dubé, P. aut MSS SME Zichao Zhou Zhou, Z. aut MSS SME John Bernard Bernard, J. E. aut MSS SME 2012 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2012), July 1-6, 2012, Washington, DC, USA text article eng We describe receent progress in the establishment of a versatile and reliable optical frequency standard whose performance in evaluated accuracy and stability exceeds that of the current realization of the SI second. The 445-THz reference transition in a single, trapped, and laser cooled ion of 88Sr⁺ suspended using a miniature RF endcap trap system in the new trap have been reduced to the 2 x 10⁻¹⁷ level for each of the scalar Stak shifts and the time dilation shifts. Studies indicate that such shifts remain stable over several hours. An identical trap system was constructed to evaluate the electrode heating effects of the shift will be limited by the current knowledge of the scalar polarizabilities of the upper and lower states of the reference transition, currently at the 2 x 10⁻¹⁷ level. yes yes Clocks frequency control ions lasers precision mesurements spectroscopy start effect strontium 2012-07-06 IEEE 978-1-4673-0442-9 978-1-4673-0439-9 978-1-4673-0441-2 266 267 2 10.1109/CPEM.2012.6250904 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada 21270478 b3acf826-ade8-4b35-bba7-45661713048b M W C (Chandre) Dharma-Wardana Dharma-Wardana, M. W. C. aut SDT TSR text article eng Density functional theory uses the electron density n(r), instead of the electronic wavefunction. We side-step the kinetic energy functional by constructing a thermodynamically equivalent classical map (CM). A classical Coulomb fluid whose zeroth-order pair-distribution function (PDF) g 0(r) that agrees with the quantum g0, and interacting via a "Pauli exclusion potential" reproduces the thermodynamics of the electron fluid, when the classical-fluid temperature Tcf is chosen optimally. This Tcf is chosen so that the correlation energy of the classical fluid is the Kohn-Sham correlation energy. Then, the PDFs of the classical fluid closely agree with the PDFs of the two-dimensional (2D) and 3D uniform electron systems. Can we calculate sensitive Fermi-liquid properties (e.g., quasiparticle mass m*, Landé g-factor) of interacting electrons via this CM? Given the wide interest in the effective mass m* of electrons in 2D layers, we chose the 2D system for this study. Analytical and numerical results are used to define a partially regularized m* valid to logarithmic accuracy in the sense of Landau for the Hartree-Fock (H-F) approximation. The resulting H-F m* decreases linearly with the electron-disk radius rs. The m* including correlation is calculated via a physically transparent formula. This uses the CM of the 2D PDF and its finite-T exchange-correlation free energy Fxc(T). Our results for m* fall well within the results from recent quantum Monte-Carlo simulations at T = 0, and other theoretical and experimental results. yes yes 2-D systems 2D layer Classical fluids Correlation energy DFT-based Effective mass Electron fluid Electron systems Electronic wave functions Energy functionals Exchange-correlations Fermi-liquid properties Finite temperatures G factors Hartree-fock Interacting electrons Kohn shams Landau-fermi liquids Pair distribution functions Pauli exclusion Quantum Monte Carlo simulations Quasi particles D region Density functional theory Intelligent systems Kinetics Thermodynamics 2012-07-12 0020-7608 113 6 873 879 7 10.1002/qua.24273 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270459 b63bfdec-87a1-48a1-8aaf-fe6feef76b6a Kun Song aut Peng Xu aut SDT TSR Yongde Meng aut SDT TSR Feng Geng aut Jie Li aut HHT TSH Zhao Li aut SDT TSR James Xing aut Jie Chen aut SDT TSR Beihua Kong aut text article eng The present study explored the cellular uptake dynamics, the subcellular location and the internalization mechanisms of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and glucose-capped GNPs (Glu-GNPs). The cancer radiotherapy-enhancing effects of GNPs were also evaluated. We synthesized the GNPs and Glu-GNPs by the seeding technique. The effects on cellular uptake and the radiosensitizing effect induced by GNPs and Glu-GNPs at lower doses were investigated using two human cancer cell lines (HeLa and MCF-7). The intracellular location of the nanoparticles was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Analysis of cellular apoptosis following GNP-based radiotherapy was performed by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. Cancer cells took up more Glu-GNPs than naked GNPs and the uptake curve showed size- and cell-dependent uptake. GNPs were mainly located in the cytoplasm and endocytosis is the mechanism behind the internalization of GNPs and Glu-GNPs. Lower doses of GNPs and Glu-GNPs still enhanced the killing effect using X-ray irradiation, although the apoptotic rate was not altered. The results presented in this study provide evidence that Glu-GNPs may have a bright future in tumor-targeted diagnosis and treatment. yes yes glucose capped gold nanoparticle radiosensitizing agent unclassified drug antineoplastic activity apoptosis cancer radiotherapy cell killing cellular distribution comparative study controlled study cytoplasm drug effect drug uptake endocytosis flow cytometry human cell internalization nick end labeling radiosensitization transmission electron microscopy X irradiation 2012-11-29 1019-6439 42 2 597 608 12 10.3892/ijo.2012.1721 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture Human Health Therapeutics Thérapeutiques en santé humaine National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270458 9125de9d-04b0-49e1-b9f1-cf62b9b38f90 Ubaldo Armato aut Balu Chakravarthy aut HHT TSH Raffaella Pacchiana aut James F (Jim) Whitfield Whitfield, James F. aut HHT TSH text article eng The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the onset and inexorable progression of the late-onset form of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still the object of controversy. This review takes stock of some most recent advancements of this field concerning the complex roles played by the amyloid-β (Aβ)-binding p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and by the primary cilia in AD. Apart from their physiological roles, p75NTR is more intensely expressed in the hippocampus of human AD brains and Aβ-bound p75NTR triggers cell death, whereas Aβ-bound CaSR signalling induces the de novo synthesis and release of nitric oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and Aβ peptides (Aβs), particularly on the part of normal adult human astrocytes. The latter effect could significantly increase the pool of Aβ-and NO-producing nerve cells favouring the progressive spread of a self-sustaining and self-reinforcing 'infectious' mechanism of neural and vascular (i.e. blood-brain barrier) cell damage. Interestingly, primary cilia concentrate p75NTR receptors in their membranes and are abnormally structured/damaged in transgenic (Tg) AD-model mice, which could impact on the adult neurogenesis occurring in the dentate gyrus's subgranular zone (SGZ) that is necessary for new memory encoding, thereby favouring typical AD cognitive decline. Altogether, these findings may pave the way to novel therapeutic approaches to AD, particularly in its mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and pre-MCI stages of development. yes yes amyloid beta protein amyloid beta-peptides calcium sensing receptor glial fibrillary acidic protein guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I inducible nitric oxide synthase neurotrophin receptor p75 protein Patched protein tyrosine kinase A smoothened protein somatomedin C receptor sonic hedgehog protein tetrahydrobiopterin vasculotropin A cell damage ciliary body dentate gyrus enzyme activity granule cell intracellular signaling mild cognitive impairment nerve cell necrosis nerve cell primary cilia neural stem cell neuroblastoma cell protein expression protein phosphorylation signal transduction cell Death dentate gyrus hippocampus neurogenesis neurons receptor, nerve growth factor receptors, calcium-sensing signal transduction 2012-10-24 1107-3756 31 1 3 10 8 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1162 Human Health Therapeutics Thérapeutiques en santé humaine National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270456 dc261f57-494a-4c4b-a290-9647232dd286 Madeline Lee aut AERO AERO William Morris aut George Leblanc aut AERO AERO Jeff Harris aut text article eng Curvature of a surface is typically applied in seismic data interpretation; however this work outlines its application to a potential field, specifically aeromagnetic data. The curvature of a magnetic grid (from point data) is calculated by fitting a quadratic surface within a moving window at each grid node. The overall and directional curvatures calculated within this window provide insight into the geometry of the magnetic grid surface and causative sources. Curvature analysis is an in-depth study of both qualitative (graphically) and quantitative (statistically) approaches. This analysis involved the calculation of full, profile and plan curvatures. The magnitude, sign and relative ratios enable the user to define source location and geometry and also discriminate source type; for example, differentiation between a fault and normal polarity dyke. The reliability of the analysis is refined when a priori geological knowledge is available and basic statistics are considered. By allotting a weighting scheme to various statistical populations (e.g., standard deviation), increased detail is extracted on the different lithologies and structures represented by the data set. Furthermore, the curvature's behaviour is analogous to derivative calculation (vertical, horizontal and tilt) by producing a zero value at the source edge and either a local maxima or minima over the source. Application prior to semi-automated methods may help identify correct indices necessary for identification of magnetic sources. Curvature analysis is successfully applied to an aeromagnetic data set over the 2.6-1.85 Ga Paleoproterozoic Wopmay orogen, Northwest Territories, Canada. This area has undergone regional and local-scale faulting and is host to multiple generations of dyke swarms. As the area has been extensively mapped, this data set proved to be an ideal test site. yes yes Magnetics; Potential Field; Signal Processing; Data Processing 2012-11-23 0016-8025 61 Supplement 1 572 585 14 10.1111/j.1365-2478.2012.01111.x Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270434 a19dc21c-9d6c-4ceb-b745-2176a246d464 Lars Rose aut Mohammed Hussain aut Syed Ahmed aut Kourosh Malek aut EME EME Robert Costanzo aut Erik Kjeang aut text article eng Consumers and organizations worldwide are searching for low-carbon alternatives to conventional gasoline and diesel vehicles to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and their impact on the environment. A comprehensive technique used to estimate overall cost and environmental impact of vehicles is known as life cycle assessment (LCA). In this article, a comparative LCA of diesel and compressed natural gas (CNG) powered heavy duty refuse collection vehicles (RCVs) is conducted. The analysis utilizes real-time operational data obtained from the City of Surrey in British Columbia, Canada. The impact of the two alternative vehicles is assessed from various points in their life. No net gain in energy use is found when a diesel powered RCV is replaced by a CNG powered RCV. However, significant reductions (approximately 24% CO2-equivalent) in GHG and criteria air contaminant (CAC) emissions are obtained. Moreover, fuel cost estimations based on 2011 price levels and a 5-year lifetime for both RCVs reveal that considerable cost savings may be achieved by switching to CNG vehicles. Thus, CNG RCVs are not only favorable in terms of reduced climate change impact but also cost effective compared to conventional diesel RCVs, and provide a viable and realistic near-term strategy for cities and municipalities to reduce GHG emissions. yes yes Life cycle assessment (LCA); Compressed natural gas (CNG); Refuse collection vehicle (RCV) 2012-10-22 0301-4215 52 453 461 9 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.09.064 Energy, Mining and Environment Énergie, mines et environnement National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270419 2c735c3c-5cd0-4768-aa10-fb839b4d09f6 Shuai Ban aut EME EME Jiujun (JJ) Zhang Zhang, Jiujun aut EME EME Lei Zhang aut EME EME Keh-Chyun (Ken) Tsay Tsay, Ken aut EME EME Da Tong (DaTong) Song Song, Datong aut EME EME Xinfu Zou aut text article eng Simple models for electrochemical supercapacitors are developed to describe the charge-discharge behaviors in the presence of both voltage-independent parallel leakage process and electrochemical decomposition of solvent. The models are validated by experimental data collected using a symmetric two-electrode test cell with carbon powder as the electrode layer material and stainless steel as the current collector. yes yes Electrochemical supercapacitor; Charge and discharge; Parallel leakage; Self-discharging; Solvent decomposition 2012-12-21 0013-4686 90 542 549 8 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.12.056 Energy, Mining and Environment Énergie, mines et environnement National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270413 26af5b5d-4b33-4f20-a2a1-97751fb02ae9 Saif M Mohammad Mohammad, Saif M. aut ICT TIC Peter D Turney Turney, Peter D. aut ICT TIC text article 2013-09-04 eng Even though considerable attention has been given to the polarity of words (positive and negative) and the creation of large polarity lexicons, research in emotion analysis has had to rely on limited and small emotion lexicons. In this paper, we show how the combined strength and wisdom of the crowds can be used to generate a large, high-quality, word-emotion and word-polarity association lexicon quickly and inexpensively. We enumerate the challenges in emotion annotation in a crowdsourcing scenario and propose solutions to address them. Most notably, in addition to questions about emotions associated with terms, we show how the inclusion of a word choice question can discourage malicious data entry, help to identify instances where the annotator may not be familiar with the target term (allowing us to reject such annotations), and help to obtain annotations at sense level (rather than at word level). We conducted experiments on how to formulate the emotion-annotation questions, and show that asking if a term is associated with an emotion leads to markedly higher interannotator agreement than that obtained by asking if a term evokes an emotion. yes yes affect Crowdsourcing emotion lexicon emotions Mechanical turks polarity lexicon Semantic orientation Sentiment analysis Artificial intelligence Computational methods Semantics 2012-09-04 0824-7935 29 3 436 465 30 10.1111/j.1467-8640.2012.00460.x Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270400 4d626836-c350-421f-9775-f549024097fd Ellyn E. Ritchie aut Juliska I. Princz aut Pierre Yves Robidoux aut ACRD DCRA Rick P. Scroggins aut text article eng Soil eco-toxicity testing was conducted in support of Canada's Chemical Management Plan (CMP) to fill data gaps for organic chemicals known to primarily partition to soil, and of which the persistence and inherent toxicity are uncertain. Two compounds representative of specific classes of chemicals: non-chlorinated bisphenols containing an -OH group (4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (Binox)) and xanthene dyes (2',4',5',7'-tetrabromo-4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-3',6'-dihydroxy-, disodium salt (Phloxine B), 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein (TBF), 4',5'-dibromofluorescein (DBF), and 4,5,6,7-tetrachlorofluorescein (TCF)) were evaluated. The effect of these substances on plant growth (Elymus lanceolatus and Trifolium pratense) and soil invertebrate survival and reproduction (Folsomia candida and Eisenia andrei) were assessed using a field-collected sandy soil. Binox was persistent throughout testing (up to 63d) with an average recovery of 77±2.9% at test end. Binox was not toxic to plants (IC50s>1076mgkg-¹) or E. andrei (IC50s>2651mgkg-¹); however, a significant reduction in F. candida adult survival and reproduction (IC50=89 (44-149) mgkg-¹) was evident. Phloxine B was also persistent throughout testing, with an average recovery of 82±3.0% at test end. Phloxine B was significantly more toxic than Binox, with significant reductions in plant root growth (IC50s≥11mgkg-¹) and invertebrate reproduction (IC50s≥22mgkg-¹). DBF toxicity was not significantly different from that of Phloxine B for plant root growth (IC50s≥30mgkg-¹), but was significantly less toxic for shoot growth (IC50s≥1758mgkg-¹), and invertebrate adult survival (IC50s≥2291mgkg-¹) and reproduction (IC50s≥451mgkg-¹). A comparison between all four xanthene dyes was completed using F. candida, with the degree of toxicity in the order of Phloxine B≥TBF~DBF>TCF. The results from these studies will contribute to data gaps for poorly understood chemicals (and chemical groupings) under review for environmental risk assessments, and will aid in the validation of model predictions used to characterize the fate and effects of these substances in soil environments. yes yes 2012-12-01 0045-6535 90 7 2129 2135 7 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.10.096 Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Développement des cultures et des ressources aquatiques National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270393 58f7756b-8dff-48cc-9d73-b0b5e8e7d3d4 W. Cao aut M. Masnadi aut S. Eger aut M. Martinson aut Q.-F. Xiao aut Y.-F. Hu aut Jean-Marc Baribeau Baribeau, J.-M. aut ICT TIC J. C. Woicik aut A. P. Hitchcock aut S. G. Urquhart aut text article eng We have quantitatively measured the angle dependence in the Silicon 1s X-ray absorption spectra of strained Si1-xGex thin films prepared by epitaxial growth on Si(1 0 0) substrates, through surface sensitive total electron yield detection. The linear dichroism difference extracted from these angle dependent X-ray absorption spectra is proportional to the degree of strain, as measured separately by Raman spectroscopy. This quantitative relationship provides a means to measure the compressive strain in Si 1-xGex thin films. This strain-dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy has the potential to realize a semiconductor strain metrology through high spatial resolution X-ray spectromicroscopy. yes yes Angle dependence Angle-dependent Compressive strain High spatial resolution Linear dichroism NEXAFS Si(1 0 0) Silicon-germanium alloys Strain metrology Strain-dependent Strained-Si Total electron yield X-ray absorption spectrum X-ray spectromicroscopy Absorption spectra Dichroism Epitaxial growth Germanium Germanium alloys Raman spectroscopy Strain Thin films X ray absorption spectroscopy Silicon 2012-11-09 0169-4332 265 358 362 5 10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.11.012 Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270370 406092d1-80c0-4a84-85c5-19e1f747326e Lei Zhang aut EME EME Jenny Ji Eun Kim Kim, Jenny aut EME EME Jiujun (JJ) Zhang Zhang, Jiujun aut EME EME Feihong Nan aut Nicolas Gauquelin aut Gianluigi A. Botton aut Ping He aut Rajesh Bashyam aut Shanna Knights aut text article eng A new method is developed for synthesizing Ti4O7 supported Ru@Pt core-shell catalyst (Ru@Pt/Ti4O7) through pyrolysis followed by microwave irradiation. The purpose is to improve the Ru durability of PtRu from core-shell structure and strong bonding to Ti4O7 oxide. In this method, the first step is to co-reduce the mixture of ruthenium precursor and TiO2 in a H2 reducing atmosphere under heat-treatment to obtain a Ru core on Ti4O7 support, and the second step is to create a shell of platinum via microwave irradiation. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray Diffraction, High-resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy with the high-angle annular dark-field method and Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy are used to demonstrate that this catalyst with larger particles has a core-shell structure with a Ru core and a Pt shell. Electrochemical measurements show Ru@Pt/Ti4O7 catalyst has a higher CO-tolerance capability than that of PtRu/C alloy catalyst. yes yes Alloy catalyst Carbon monoxide tolerance Core shell structure Electrochemical measurements Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry High resolution High-angle annular dark fields Hydrogen oxidation reaction Reducing atmosphere Ruthenium precursors Scanning transmission electron microscopy TiO Electrocatalysts Electron energy loss spectroscopy Platinum alloys Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) Shells (structures) Titanium dioxide X ray diffraction Ruthenium alloys catalysis catalyst electrochemical method irradiance microwave radiation pyrolysis 2012-11-11 0306-2619 103 507 513 7 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.10.017 Energy, Mining and Environment Énergie, mines et environnement National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270364 731129f8-091c-43a0-96b3-79cbab219259 Dominic Frigon aut Basanta Kumar Biswal aut Alberto Mazza aut EME EME Luke Masson aut HHT TSH Ronald Gehr aut text article eng Effluents discharged from wastewater treatment plants are possible sources of pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli, in the freshwater environment, and determining the possible selection of pathogens is important. This study evaluated the impact of activated sludge and physicochemical wastewater treatment processes on the prevalence of potentially virulent E. coli. A total of 719 E. coli isolates collected from four municipal plants in Québec before and after treatment were characterized by using a customized DNA microarray to determine the impact of treatment processes on the frequency of specific pathotypes and virulence genes. The percentages of potentially pathogenic E. coli isolates in the plant influents varied between 26 and 51%, and in the effluents, the percentages were 14 to 31%, for a reduction observed at all plants ranging between 14 and 45%. Pathotypes associated with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) were the most abundant at three of the four plants and represented 24% of all isolates, while intestinal pathogenic E. coli pathotypes (IPEC) represented 10% of the isolates. At the plant where ExPEC isolates were not the most abundant, a large number of isolates were classified as both ExPEC and IPEC; overall, 6% of the isolates were classified in both groups, with the majority being from the same plant. The reduction of the proportion of pathogenic E. coli could not be explained by the preferential loss of one virulence gene or one type of virulence factor; however, the quinolone resistance gene (qnrS) appears to enhance the loss of virulence genes, suggesting a mechanism involving the loss of pathogenicity islands. yes yes After-treatment DNA micro-array E. coli Freshwater environments Pathogenic bacterium Pathogenic E. coli Quinolones Resistance genes Treatment process Virulence factors Virulence gene Wastewater treatment plants Wastewater treatment process Activated sludge process Effluents Pathogens microbial activity physicochemical property genetics genotype isolation and purification microarray analysis water management DNA, Bacterial Genotype Microarray Analysis Waste Water Water Purification 2012-11-16 0099-2240 79 3 835 844 10 10.1128/AEM.02789-12 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Energy, Mining and Environment Énergie, mines et environnement Human Health Therapeutics Thérapeutiques en santé humaine National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270363 7450b834-891f-4dd6-8023-ebef3e1d176b Rajnish Kumar aut Dennis D Klug Klug, Dennis D. aut SDT TSR Christopher I (Chris) Ratcliffe Ratcliffe, Christopher I. aut SDT TSR Christopher A. Tulk aut John A Ripmeester Ripmeester, John .A. aut SDT TSR text article eng A hydrogen storage material: When vapor-deposited amorphous ice is exposed to a low pressure (about 12 MPa) of hydrogen at 140 K a hydrogen-filled cubic ice results (see picture). Calculations suggest that this material has the potential for hydrogen storage with a capacity of 10 wt % hydrogen at full loading. yes yes Amorphous ice Clathrates Cubic ice Hydrogen storage materials Low pressures Hydrates Loading Vapors 2012-12-20 1433-7851 52 5 1531 1534 4 10.1002/anie.201208367 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270359 6fb1e324-bc8d-4aa8-a1f8-35e7b6c9eb52 Erico M. M. Flores aut Edson I. Muller aut Fabio A. Duarte aut Patricia Grinberg aut MSS SME Ralph Edward Sturgeon Sturgeon, Ralph E. aut MSS SME text article eng An effective approach to the digestion of fluoropolymers for the determination of Ag, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, and Ni impurities has been developed using microwave-induced combustion (MIC) in closed quartz vessels pressurized with oxygen. Samples that were examined included the following: polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE); polytetrafluoroethylene with an additional modifier, perfluoropropylvinylether (PTFE-TFM); and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP). A quartz device was used as a sample holder, and the influence of the absorber solution was evaluated. Determination of trace elements was performed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission and mass spectrometry. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) was used for validation purposes. Results were also compared to those obtained using microwave-assisted acid extraction in high-pressure closed systems. Dilute nitric acid (5 mol L-1), which was selected as the absorbing medium, was used to reflux the sample for 5 min after the combustion. Using these conditions, agreement for all analytes was better than 98% when compared to values determined by NAA. The residual carbon content in the digests was lower than 1%, illustrating the high efficiency of the method. Up to 8 samples could be digested within 30 min using MIC, providing a suitable throughput, taking into account the inertness of such samples. yes yes Absorbing medium Acid extraction Analytes Closed systems Fluorinated ethylene propylene Inductively-coupled Microwave-assisted Microwave-induced combustion Residual carbon Sample holders Combustion Inductively coupled plasma Manganese Mass spectrometry Nitric acid Quartz Fluorine containing polymers politef silicon dioxide microwave radiation neutron Mass Spectrometry Microwaves Neutrons Nitric Acid Polytetrafluoroethylene Quartz Trace Elements 2012-11-21 0003-2700 85 1 374 380 7 10.1021/ac3029213 Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270354 8990edfc-86d2-45e9-8d06-d198dae9f29e Enea Pagliano aut MSS SME Juris Meija aut MSS SME Jianfu Ding aut SDT TSR Ralph Edward Sturgeon Sturgeon, Ralph E. aut MSS SME Alessandro D'Ulivo aut Zoltan Mester Mester, Zoltán aut MSS SME text article eng We report a novel derivatization chemistry for determination of fluoride based on the batch reaction of fluoride ions with triethyloxonium tetrachloroferrate(III) in a closed vessel to yield fluoroethane. Gaseous fluoroethane was readily separated from the matrix, sampled from the headspace, and determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The method was validated using rainwater certified reference material (IRMM CA408) and subsequently applied to the determination of fluoride in various matrixes, including tap water, seawater, and urine. An instrumental limit of detection of 3.2 μg/L with a linear range up to 50 mg/L was achieved. The proposed derivatization is a one-step reaction, requires no organic solvents, and is safe, as the derivatizing agent is nonvolatile. Determination of fluoride is affected by common fluoride-complexing agents, such as Al(III) and Fe(III). The effect of large amounts of these interferences was studied, and the adverse effect of these ions was eliminated by use of the method of standard additions. yes yes Adverse effect Batch reactions Certified reference materials Closed vessels Derivatizations Fluoride ion Gas chromatography/Mass spectrometry Headspace gas chromatography Headspaces Limit of detection Linear range Non-volatile One-step reactions Standard addition Tap water Tetrachloroferrate Chromatography Iron compounds Organic solvents Seawater Spectrometry 2012-12-10 0003-2700 85 2 877 881 5 10.1021/ac302303r National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270353 09525e2a-5f5b-486b-8ef4-838601e78703 Marco Ferrari aut Karl H. Norris aut Michael G (Mike) Sowa Sowa, Michael G. aut IBD IBD text article eng yes yes 2012 0967-0335 20 1 vii ix 10.1255/jnirs.982 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biodiagnostics Institut du biodiagnostic du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270325 1336b909-4738-47ee-b56b-e55fc8712d43 Xi-Zheng Zhang aut Andrew D Gray Gray, Andrew aut NSI ISN Yan Su aut Jun-Duo Li aut Thomas L (Tom) Landecker Landecker, Tom aut NSI ISN Hong-Bo Zhang aut Chun-Lai Li aut text article eng We present results of new radio observations of the Moon at L band with the synthesis telescope of the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory Synthesis Telescope. The resolution and temperature sensitivity of the observations are 159″ × 87″ and 1.7K, respectively. The main results are: (1) the lunar brightness temperature averaged over the whole disk is about 233 K while the average brightness temperature for the four quadrants are 228.1K (NE), 239.7K (NW), 233.9K (SW) and 228.8K (SE). The observations reveal large temperature and spatial variations on the Moon for the first time. The highest brightness temperature is about 257 K and it is located along the lunar equator, to the west. The total uncertainty is about 5% due to the absolute accuracy of the fluxes of the primary calibrators; (2) the total degree of polarization is about 6%. Both polarization intensity and degree of polarization increase from the disk's center to the limb, and the distribution of the degree of polarization along the limb is not uniform; (3) the new data are used to study the properties of regolith, such as dielectric constant and thickness distribution. The results show that the lunar regolith's thickness increases from the NW (mare area) to the SE (highland area) regions on the lunar surface. yes yes 2012-09 1674-4527 12 9 1297 1312 16 10.1088/1674-4527/12/9/010 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270324 098befea-13df-42ca-a44c-453d37690f04 Stephen Gwyn Gwyn, Stephen D. J. aut NSI ISN Norman R (Norm) Hill Hill, Norman aut NSI ISN JJ Kavelaars Kavelaars, J. J. aut NSI ISN text article eng It is very difficult to find archival images of solar system objects. While regular archive searches can find images at a fixed location, they cannot find images of moving targets. Archival images have become increasingly useful to extragalactic and stellar astronomers the last few years, but until now, solar system researchers have been at a disadvantage in this respect. The Solar System Object Search (SSOS) at the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre allows users to search for images of moving objects. SSOS accepts as input either a list of observations, an object designation, a set of orbital elements, or a user-generated ephemeris for an object. It then searches for images containing that object over a range of dates. The user is then presented with a list of images containing that object from a variety of archives. Initially created to search the CFHT MegaCam archive, SSOS has been extended to other telescope archives, including Gemini, Subaru/SuprimeCam, HST, several ESO instruments, and the SDSS, for a total of 6.5 million images. yes yes 2012 0004-6280 124 916 579 585 7 10.1086/666462 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270322 4d6749a7-1ecc-4482-b440-c85faf625966 Ronald G. Samec aut Paul M. Smith aut Russell Robb aut NSI ISN Danny R. Faulkner aut W. Van Hamme aut text article eng We present a spectrum and a photometric analysis of the newly discovered, high-amplitude, solartype, eclipsing binary HO Piscium. A spectroscopic identification, a period study, q-search, and a simultaneous UBVR cI c light-curve solution are presented. The spectra and our photometric solution indicate that HO Psc is a W-typeWUMa shallow-contact (fill-out ~8%) binary system. The primary component has a G6V spectral type with an apparently precontact spectral type of M2V for the secondary component. The small fill-out indicates that the system has not yet achieved thermal contact and thus has recently come into physical contact. This may mean that this solar-type binary system has not attained its ~0:4 mass ratio via a long period of magnetic braking, as would normally be assumed. yes yes 2012-06-28 0004-6280 124 917 693 699 7 10.1086/666748 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270321 332858eb-4ed9-4b7f-b6bc-42e0b849d334 P.-A. Duc aut J.-C. Cuillandre aut K. Alatalo aut L. Blitz aut M. Bois aut F. Bournaud aut M. Bureau aut M. Cappellari aut Patrick J D (Pat) Côté Côté, P. aut NSI ISN R. L. Davies aut T. A. Davis aut P. T. De Zeeuw aut E. Emsellem aut Laura Ferrarese Ferrarese, L. aut NSI ISN E. Ferriere aut Stephen Gwyn Gwyn, S. aut NSI ISN S. Khochfar aut D. Krajnovic aut H. Kuntschner aut P.-Y. Lablanche aut R. M. McDermid aut L. Michel-Dansac aut R. Morganti aut T. Naab aut T. Oosterloo aut M. Sarzi aut N. Scott aut P. Serra aut A. Weijmans aut L. M. Young aut International Astronomical Union Symposium 295: The intriguing life of massive galaxies, August 27-31, 2012, Beijing, China text article eng 2012-07-17 According to a popular scenario supported by numerical models, the mass assembly and growth of massive galaxies, in particular the Early-Type Galaxies (ETGs), is, below a redshift of 1, mainly due to the accretion of multiple gas-poor satellites. In order to get observational evidence of the role played by minor dry mergers, we are obtaining extremely deep optical images of a complete volume limited sample of nearby ETGs. These observations, done with the CFHT as part of the ATLAS3D, NGVS and MATLAS projects, reach a stunning 28.5 - 29 mag.arcsec-2 surface brightness limit in the g' band. They allow us to detect the relics of past collisions such as faint stellar tidal tails as well as the very extended stellar halos which keep the memory of the last episodes of galactic accretion. Images and preliminary results from this on-going survey are presented, in particular a possible correlation between the fine structure index (which parametrizes the amount of tidal perturbation) of the ETGs, their stellar mass, effective radius and gas content. yes yes 9781107033849 358 361 4 8, issue S295 1743-9213 10.1017/S174392131300536X National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270320 bed0f7ef-93d9-4d2e-95a2-edec0e2b58d7 Masoud Adelzadeh aut Mark F. Green aut Noureddine Bénichou aut CONST CONST text article eng This paper presents experimental and numerical results of intermediate-scale and full-scale fire tests conducted on flexurally strengthened reinforced concrete members. Two full-scale reinforced concrete T-beams and two intermediate-scale slabs were strengthened in flexure with carbon fibre reinforced polymer sheets or plates and insulated with a layer of spray-on material. T-beams and slabs were then exposed to a standard fire. T-beams were loaded to their service load. Deflections and temperatures were measured during the tests. A numerical finite-difference/volume heat transfer model was used to simulate the temperature field inside the section. The validity of the numerical model was verified by comparing the predicted temperatures with those recorded during the fire test. Fire test results show that fire endurances of more than 4 h can be achieved using an appropriate insulation system. yes yes Carbon fibre reinforced polymer Fibre reinforced Finite difference Fire endurances Fire engineering Fire tests Heat transfer model Insulation system Numerical results Reinforced concrete member Service loads Standard fire T beams Carbon fibers Concrete construction Fiber reinforced plastics Patient rehabilitation Reinforced concrete Flammability testing concrete structure experimental study finite difference method fire behavior heat transfer high temperature insulation numerical model polymer reinforced concrete structural component temperature effect 2012 0965-0911 165 7 361 371 11 10.1680/stbu.11.00014 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Construction Construction National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270319 309a4977-ef9e-4a18-873f-de2653e53388 Julien Cousineau aut Ioan Nistor aut Andrew M Cornett Cornett, Andrew aut OCRE GOCF 33rd International Conference on Coastal Engineering 2012, ICCE 2012, July 1-6, 2012, Santander, Spain text article eng The Bay of Fundy (BoF) in eastern Canada has long been recognised as one of the world's premier locations for the development of tidal power generating systems, since it has some of the world's largest tidal ranges. Several proposals have been made in recent years to find economical ways to harness the power of these extremely high tides, including constructing one or more tidal power lagoons in the upper part of the Bay. The tidal power lagoon concept involves temporarily storing seawater behind an impoundment dike and generating power by gradually releasing the impounded seawater through conventional low-head hydroelectric turbines. A tidal power lagoon will inherently modify the tides and tidal currents in the vicinity of the lagoon, and possibly induce effects that may be felt throughout the entire BoF and Gulf of Maine. The nature of these hydrodynamic impacts will likely depend on the size of the tidal lagoon, its location, and its method of operation. It is important to have reliable estimates of these potential impacts, since any changes in tidal hydrodynamics caused by a tidal lagoon may upset ecosystems that are well adapted to existing conditions. The scale and character of the potential hydrodynamic impacts due to tidal power lagoons operating in the BoF have not been previously investigated. This paper presents the results of study in which a 2D (depth-averaged) hydrodynamic model based on the TELEMAC modelling system was developed and applied to analyze, predict, and quantify the potential changes in tidal hydrodynamics (water levels, tidal range, circulation patterns and tidal currents) throughout the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine due to the presence of a single tidal lagoon and multiple lagoons operating at various locations in the upper BoF. The sensitivity to changes in lagoon type, size, location, the number of lagoons, and their operating mode was also investigated and established. The final purpose of this novel study is to assist with decisions concerning the development of the vast tidal energy resources available in the Bay of Fundy, Canada. yes yes Bay of Fundy Circulation patterns Hydrodynamic impacts Hydrodynamic model Power generating systems Reliable estimates Renewable energies Tidal lagoon Coastal engineering Energy resources Hydraulic structures Hydrodynamics Numerical models Ocean currents Seawater Tidal power Tides Water levels Lakes 2012 9780989661119 3061 3075 15 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Ocean, Coastal and River Engineering Génie océanique, côtier et fluvial National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270318 5e4bb343-c6c2-4b51-871d-a22762562b00 Lei-Yong Jiang Jiang, Leiyong aut AERO AERO ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2012, June 11-15, 2012, Copenhagen, Denmark text article eng Based on the previous benchmark studies on combustion, scalar transfer and radiation models, a critical evaluation of turbulence models in a propane-air diffusion flame combustor with interior and exterior conjugate heat transfers has been performed. Results obtained from six turbulence models are presented and compared in detail with a comprehensive database obtained from a series of experimental measurements. It is found that the Reynolds stress model (RSM), a second moment closure, is superior over the five popular eddy-viscosity two-equation models. Although the main flow patterns are captured by all six turbulence models, only the RSM is able to successfully predict the lengths of both recirculation zones and give fairly accurate predictions for mean velocity, temperature, CO2 and CO mole fractions, as well as turbulence kinetic energy in the combustor chamber. In addition, the realizable k-ε (Rk-ε) model illustrates better performance than four other two-equation models and can provide comparable results to those from the RSM for the configuration and operating conditions considered in the present study. Copyright © 2012 by ASME. yes yes Accurate prediction Conjugate heat transfer Critical evaluation Diffusion flame combustors Operating condition Reynolds stress models Second-moment closures Turbulence kinetic energy Exhibitions Gas turbines Kinetics Turbulence models Combustors 2012 9780791844670 535 545 11 10.1115/GT2012-68414 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270317 3ec4d64b-9e8c-4642-a8cc-e1bd7cd15ef4 Alex Wright aut AERO AERO Zhi-Jun Lei Lei, Zhijun aut AERO AERO Ali H Mahallati Mahallati, Ali aut AERO AERO Mark Cunningham aut Julio Militzer aut ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2012, 11 June 2012 through 15 June 2012, Copenhagen text article eng This paper presents a detailed experimental and computational investigation of the effects of scalloping on the mixing mechanisms of a scaled 12-lobe turbofan mixer. Scalloping was achieved by eliminating approximately 70% of the lobe sidewall area. Measurements were made downstream of the mixer in a co-annular wind tunnel and the simulations were carried out using an unstructured RANS solver, Numeca FINE/Hexa, with k-ω SST model. In the core flow, the swirl angle was varied from 0° to 30°. At high swirl angles, a three-dimensional separation bubble was formed on the lobe's suction surface penetration region and resulted in the generation of a vortex at the lobe valley. The valley vortex quickly dissipated downstream. Most of the swirl was removed by the lobes, but scalloping allowed residual swirl to persist downstream of the mixer. The interaction of the swirling flow and the vortices resulted in improved mixing rates for the scalloped mixer. Inlet swirl up to 10° provided improved mixing rates, reduced pressure loss and thrust loss for both mixers. High inlet swirl resulted in improved mixing but produced higher pressure and thrust losses as compared to the zero swirl case. At high swirl, the scalloped mixer resulted in better mixing and lower pressure losses than the unscalloped mixer, but at the expense of reduced thrust. yes yes Computational investigation Inlet swirls Lower pressures Mixing mechanisms Reduced pressure Separation bubble Suction surfaces Swirl angles Computer simulation Exhibitions Gas turbines Mixing Molluscs Vortex flow Mixers (machinery) 2012 9780791844670 437 448 12 10.1115/GT2012-70081 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270316 9e883250-4b17-4f36-8a5e-d6ccb2ee6d10 F. Cai aut Xiao Huang aut Qi Yang Yang, Q. aut AERO AERO Doug Nagy aut ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2012, June 11-15, 2012, Copenhagen, Denmark text article eng This study investigates the effects of the deposition process and coating composition on microstructural and tribological properties of TiN and CrN based coating systems. Coatings were produced using various PVD based processes - electron beam (EB), cathodic arc (CA) and plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering (PEMS). All coated samples were evaluated for their composition, microstructure and surface morphology. Coating mechanical properties such as hardness, Young's modulus and coefficient of friction were also studied and related to their microstructures, wear and erosion resistances. It was found that hardness (H), Young's modulus (E) and coefficient of friction had impact on both wear and erosion rates. In particular, the H3/E2 ratio was inversely proportional to the specific wear rate. For erosion behaviour, higher H3/E2 ratios relate to lower erosion rates at low impingement angles; whereas higher H3/E2 ratios relate to higher erosion rates at high impingement angles. yes yes Coating compositions Coefficient of frictions CrN-based coatings Erosion resistance Plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering Specific wear rates Tribological behaviour Tribological properties Amorphous films Elastic moduli Exhibitions Friction Gas turbines Hardness Microstructure Protective coatings Titanium nitride Tribology Erosion 2012 9780791844717 41 49 9 10.1115/GT2012-68107 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270315 c3defa80-d369-4dcf-9ba2-8d43f15c7bd0 Peter R. Lawson aut Lisa Poyneer aut Harrison Barrett aut Richard Frazin aut Luca Caucci aut Nicholas Devaney aut Lars Furenlid aut Szymon Gładysz aut Olivier Guyon aut John Krist aut Jérôme Maire aut Christian Marois aut NSI ISN Dimitri Mawet aut David Mouillet aut Laurent Mugnier aut Iain Pearson aut Marshall Perrin aut Laurent Pueyo aut Dmitry Savransky aut Adaptive Optics Systems III, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng The direct imaging of planets around nearby stars is exceedingly difficult. Only about 14 exoplanets have been imaged to date that have masses less than 13 times that of Jupiter. The next generation of planet-finding coronagraphs, including VLT-SPHERE, the Gemini Planet Imager, Palomar P1640, and Subaru HiCIAO have predicted contrast performance of roughly a thousand times less than would be needed to detect Earth-like planets. In this paper we review the state of the art in exoplanet imaging, most notably the method of Locally Optimized Combination of Images (LOCI), and we investigate the potential of improving the detectability of faint exoplanets through the use of advanced statistical methods based on the concepts of the ideal observer and the Hotelling observer. We propose a formal comparison of techniques using a blind data challenge with an evaluation of performance using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and Localization ROC (LROC) curves. We place particular emphasis on the understanding and modeling of realistic sources of measurement noise in ground-based AO-corrected coronagraphs. The work reported in this paper is the result of interactions between the co-authors during a week-long workshop on exoplanet imaging that was held in Squaw Valley, California, in March of 2012. yes yes Coronagraphs Data challenges Detectability Direct imaging Earth-like planets Estimation techniques Exo-planets Ground based Hotelling observers Ideal observers Instrumentation Jupiters Localization rocs Measurement Noise Receiver operating characteristics State of the art Adaptive optics Planets 2012-09-13 9780819491480 844722 0277-786X 8447 10.1117/12.925099 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270309 5e58d6be-a78a-47cf-aeda-dded0ede98f9 Olivier Lardière aut Reston Nash aut J.-P. Markes aut David Andersen Andersen, Dave aut NSI ISN Colin Bradley aut Célia Blain aut Ronald Desmarais aut Darryl Gamroth aut Meguru Ito aut Kate Jackson aut Przemek Lach aut Laurie Pham aut Adaptive Optics Systems III, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng Raven is a Multi-Object Adaptive Optics (MOAO) technical and scientific demonstrator which will be used on the Subaru telescope with the IRCS spectrograph. The optical and mechanical designs are finalised and the system is now being integrated in the lab at UVic. Raven features three open-loop wavefront sensors (WFS) patrolling a 3.5' field of regard, one on-axis LGS WFS, two science channels each equipped with a pick-off arm, an 11x11 actuator deformable mirror, a closed-loop WFS for calibration and performance comparison and an image rotator. This paper presents in detail the optical design and its performance, as well as the mechanical design. yes yes Closed-loop Deformable mirrors Field of regard Image rotator Mechanical design Multiobject On-sky demonstrator Opto-mechanical design Performance comparison Pick-off Subaru telescopes Wave front sensors Adaptive optics Analog differential analyzers Optical design Electric appliances 2012-09-13 9780819491480 844753 0277-786X 8447 10.1117/12.927176 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270308 02d508ae-29c5-4ea5-adda-5334c2677bce Simon Thibault aut Patrick Rabou aut Jean-Francois Donati aut Pierre Desaulniers aut Xavier Dallaire aut Etienne Artigau aut Francesco Pepe aut NSI ISN Yoan Micheau aut Philippe Vallée aut Greg Barrick aut Vladimir Arnoldovich (Vlad) Reshetov Reshetov, Vlad aut NSI ISN Olivier Hernandez aut Leslie K (Les) Saddlemyer Saddlemyer, Leslie aut NSI ISN John Pazder aut NSI ISN Laurent P. Parès aut Rene Doyon aut Xavier Delfosse aut Driss Kouach aut David John Loop Loop, David aut NSI ISN Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng SPIRou is a near-infrared, echelle spectropolarimeter/velocimeter under design for the 3.6m Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. The unique scientific capabilities and technical design features are described in the accompanying (eight) papers at this conference. In this paper we focus on the lens design of the optical spectrograph. The SPIROU spectrograph is a near infrared fiber fed double pass cross dispersed spectrograph. The cryogenic spectrograph is connected with the Cassegrain unit by the two science fibers. It is also fed by the fiber coming from the calibration box and RV reference module of the instrument. It includes 2 off-axis parabolas (1 in double pass), an echelle grating, a train of cross disperser prisms (in double pass), a flat folding mirror, a refractive camera and a detector. This paper describes the optical design of the spectrograph unit and estimates the performances. In particular, the echelle grating options are discussed as the goal grating is not available from the market. © 2012 SPIE. yes yes CFHT Echelle gratings High precision Near-IR Spectropolarimetry Astronomy Cryogenics Diffraction gratings Infrared devices Instruments Spectrographs 2012-09-24 9780819491473 844630 0277-786X 8446 10.1117/12.926697 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270307 a16efb8e-050e-42ee-9baf-f7c0b700a3ac Jean-Charles Cuillandre aut Kanoa Withington aut Patrick Hudelot aut Yuliana Goranova aut Henry McCracken aut Frédéric Magnard aut Yannick Mellier aut Nicolas Regnault aut Marc Bétoule aut Hervé Aussel aut JJ Kavelaars Kavelaars, J. J. aut NSI ISN Pierre Fernique aut François Bonnarel aut Francois Ochsenbein aut Olivier Ilbert aut Observatory Operations: Strategies, Processes, and Systems IV, July 4-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng The Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS) is a high impact scientific program which will see its final official release open to the world in 2012. That release will seal the legacy aspect of the survey which has already produced a large collection of scientific articles with topics ranging from cosmology to the Solar system. The survey core science was focused on dark energy and dark matter: the full realization of the scientific potential of the data set gathered between 2003 and 2009 with the MegaCam wide-field imager mounted at the CFHT prime focus is almost complete with the Supernovae Legacy Survey (SNLS) team preparing its third and last release (SNLS5), and the CFHTLenS team planning the release based around the cosmic shear survey later this year. While the data processing center TERAPIX offered to the CFHTLS scientific community regular releases over the course of the survey in its data acquisition phase (T0001-T0006), the final release took three years to refine in order to produce a pristine data collection photometrically calibrated at better than the percent both internally and externally over the total survey surface of 155 square degrees in all five photometric bands (u*, g', r', i', z'). This final release, called T0007, benefits from the various advances in photometric calibration MegaCam has benefited through the joint effort between SNLS and CFHT to calibrate MegaCam at levels unexplored for an optical wide-field imager. T0007 stacks and catalogs produced by TERAPIX will be made available to the world at CADC while the CDS will offer a full integration of the release in its VO tools from VizieR to Aladin. The photometric redshifts have been produced to be released in phase with the survey. This proceeding is a general introduction to the survey and aims at presenting its final release in broad terms. yes yes CdS Cosmic shear Curation Dark energy Dark matter Data collection Data sets Full integration High impact In-phase Optical Photometric calibration Prime-focus Processing center Red shift Team planning Virtual observatory Wide-field imager Buildings Calibration Data acquisition Observatories Photometry Solar system Surveys 2012-09-27 9780819491497 84480M 0277-786X 8448 10.1117/12.925584 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270306 b25ade50-95b0-44e4-8eb9-4911b2eb35eb Denis Brousseau aut Jean-Pierre Véran aut NSI ISN Simon Thibault aut Ermanno F. Borra aut Simon F.-Boivin aut Adaptive Optics Systems III, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng We present progress towards the development of a woofer-tweeter adaptive optics (AO) system using the first 37 actuators of a 91-actuator magnetic-liquid deformable mirror (MLDM) and a magnetic 97-actuator DM from ALPAO. The MLDM, which has both very large single-actuator and inter-actuator strokes, but a low bandwidth, is used as woofer, whereas the high bandwidth and lower stroke ALPAO DM is used as tweeter. The ALPAO DM should improve the bandwidth of the MLDM while the MLDM will allow correction of strong aberrations. yes yes Adaptive optics systems Deformable mirrors High bandwidth Low-bandwidth Strong turbulence Actuators Adaptive optics Bandwidth Laser pulses Loudspeakers Liquids 2012-09-13 9780819491480 84473Z 0277-786X 8447 10.1117/12.925174 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270305 f3851c55-d807-403a-a825-7c201a1759f8 Dimitri Mawet aut Laurent Pueyo aut Peter Lawson aut Laurent Mugnier aut Wesley Traub aut Anthony Boccaletti aut John T. Trauger aut Szymon Gladysz aut Eugene Serabyn aut Julien Milli aut Ruslan Belikov aut Markus Kasper aut Pierre Baudoz aut Bruce MacIntosh aut Christian Marois aut NSI ISN Ben Oppenheimer aut Harrisson Barrett aut Jean-Luc Beuzit aut Nicolas Devaney aut Julien Girard aut Olivier Guyon aut John Krist aut Bertrand Mennesson aut David Mouillet aut Naoshi Murakami aut Lisa Poyneer aut Dmitri Savransky aut Christophe Vérinaud aut James K. Wallace aut Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng Small-angle coronagraphy is technically and scientifically appealing because it enables the use of smaller telescopes, allows covering wider wavelength ranges, and potentially increases the yield and completeness of circumstellar environment - exoplanets and disks - detection and characterization campaigns. However, opening up this new parameter space is challenging. Here we will review the four posts of high contrast imaging and their intricate interactions at very small angles (within the first 4 resolution elements from the star). The four posts are: choice of coronagraph, optimized wavefront control, observing strategy, and post-processing methods. After detailing each of the four foundations, we will present the lessons learned from the 10+ years of operations of zeroth and first-generation adaptive optics systems. We will then tentatively show how informative the current integration of second-generation adaptive optics system is, and which lessons can already be drawn from this fresh experience. Then, we will review the current state of the art, by presenting world record contrasts obtained in the framework of technological demonstrations for space-based exoplanet imaging and characterization mission concepts. Finally, we will conclude by emphasizing the importance of the cross-breeding between techniques developed for both ground-based and space-based projects, which is relevant for future high contrast imaging instruments and facilities in space or on the ground. yes yes Coronagraphy High contrast imaging Observing strategy Post processing Working angle Instruments Millimeter waves Space telescopes Adaptive optics 2012-08-22 9780819491435 844204 0277-786X 8442 10.1117/12.927245 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270304 6cd4b109-1990-4bb0-97f2-969fca359bdc Katie M. Morzinski aut Bruce A. Macintosh aut Laird M. Close aut Christian Marois aut NSI ISN Quinn Konopacky aut Jenny Patience aut Adaptive Optics Systems III, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng To image faint substellar companions obscured by the stellar halo and speckles, scattered light from the bright primary star must be removed in hardware or software. We apply the "locally-optimized combination of images" (LOCI) algorithm to 1-minute Keck Observatory snapshots of GKM dwarfs in the Hyades using source diversity to determine the most likely PSF. We obtain a mean contrast of 10-2 at 0.″01, 10-4 at <1″, and 10-5 at 5″. New brown dwarf and low-mass stellar companions to Hyades primaries are found in a third of the 84 targeted systems. This campaign shows the efficacy of LOCI on snapshot imaging as well as on bright wide binaries with off-axis LOCI, reaching contrasts sufficient for imaging 625-Myr late-L/early-T dwarfs purely in post-processing. yes yes Brown dwarfs High contrast imaging Hyades Image diversity LOCI PSF Adaptive optics Stars Image processing 2012-09-13 9780819491480 84470O 0277-786X 8447 10.1117/12.926377 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270303 2a4b182c-3c01-4e44-89cb-a9ece3c1f21e Amit Kumar aut S. K. Ghosh aut John B Hutchings Hutchings, J. aut NSI ISN P. U. Kamath aut S. Kathiravan aut P. K. Mahesh aut J. Murthy aut S. Nagbhushana aut A. K. Pati aut M. N. Rao aut N. K. Rao aut S. Sriram aut S. N. Tandon aut Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng The Ultra Violet Imaging Telescope on ASTROSAT Satellite mission is a suite of Far Ultra Violet (FUV: 130 - 180 nm), Near Ultra Violet (NUV: 200 - 300 nm) and Visible band (VIS: 320-550nm) imagers. ASTROSAT is the multiwavelength mission of ISRO. UVIT will image the sky simultaneously in three channels with a field of view diameter of ̃ 28 arcminutes and an angular resolution < 1.8". Two identical co-Aligned telescopes (T1, T2) of Ritchey-Chretien configuration (Primary mirror of ̃375 mm diameter) collect the celestial radiation and feed the detector systems via a selectable filter on a filter wheel mechanism; gratings are available in the filter wheels of FUV and NUV channels for slitless low-resolution spectroscopy. The photon-counting detector system for each of the 3 channels is generically identical. one of the telescopes images in the FUV channel, while the other images in NUV and VIS channels via a beamsplitter. Images from the VIS channel are principally used for measuring drift, used in construction of images on the ground by shift and add, and to reconstruct absolute aspect of the images. Adequate baffling has been provided for reducing the scattered background from the Sun, earth albedo and other bright objects. The one-Time opening mechanical cover on each telescope also works as a Sun-shield after deployment. We will present the overall (mechanical, optical and electrical) design of the payload. © 2012 SPIE. yes yes Angular resolution CMOS STAR250 Detector systems Earth albedo Field of views Filter wheel Multiwavelength Photon counting Primary mirrors Satellite mission Shift-and-add Sun-shield Three channel UV Visible band Detectors Gamma rays Space telescopes Optical telescopes 2012-09-07 9780819491442 84431N 0277-786X 8443 10.1117/12.924507 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270302 ebd83cd1-a97f-41ec-96ae-c8a8728a71e9 Anne-Lise Maire aut Anthony Boccaletti aut Jean Schneider aut Raphael Galicher Galicher, Raphaël aut NSI ISN Pierre Baudoz aut Daphne Stam aut Wesley Traub aut Pierre-Olivier Lagage aut Raffaele Gratton aut Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng The study of the physico-chemical properties of wide-separated exoplanets (> 1 AU) is a major goal of highcontrast imaging techniques. SPICES (Spectro-Polarimetric Imaging and Characterization of Exoplanetary Systems) is a project of space coronagraph dedicated to the spectro-polarimetric analysis of gas and ice giant planets, super-Earths and circumstellar disks in visible light at a spectral resolution of about 40. After recalling the science cases of the mission, we describe the optical design and the critical subsystems of the instrument. We then discuss the SPICES performance that we derived from numerical simulations. yes yes Circumstellar disks Exo-planets High angular resolutions High contrast imaging Ice giants Integral field Physicochemical property Visible light Chemical properties Imaging techniques Instruments Millimeter waves Optical design Polarimeters Space telescopes Food products 2012-08-22 9780819491435 84420I 0277-786X 8442 10.1117/12.925559 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270301 26344bc2-f6d4-4b60-bd59-776dab3e3ec9 Gregory A. Barrick aut Tom Vermuelen aut Sébastien Baratchart aut Vladimir Arnoldovich (Vlad) Reshetov Reshetov, Vladimir A. aut NSI ISN Shiang-Yu Wang aut François Dolon aut Olivier Hernandez aut Francesco Pepe aut François Bouchy aut Jennifer Dunn aut Michel Dupieux aut Gérard Gallou aut Marie Larrieu aut Alexandre Fonteneau aut François Moreau aut François Wildi aut Laurent P. Parès aut James N. Thomas aut Chi-Hung Yan aut René Doyon aut Jean-François Donati aut Philippe Vallée aut Étienne Artigau aut Xavier Delfosse aut Patrick Rabou aut Simon Thibault aut Driss Kouach aut David Loop aut Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy II, July 1-4, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng SPIRou is a near-IR (0.98-2.35μm), echelle spectropolarimeter / high precision velocimeter being designed as a next-generation instrument for the 3.6m Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii, with the main goals of detecting Earth-like planets around low-mass stars and magnetic fields of forming stars. The unique scientific and technical capabilities of SPIRou are described in a series of eight companion papers. In this paper, the means of controlling the instrument are discussed. Most of the instrument control is fairly normal, using off-the-shelf components where possible and reusing already available code for these components. Some aspects, however, are more challenging. In particular, the paper will focus on the challenges of doing fast (50 Hz) guiding with 30 mas repeatability using the object being observed as a reference and on thermally stabilizing a large optical bench to a very high precision (∼1 mK). yes yes CFHT Control-command Fast guiding High precision Near-IR Spectropolarimetry Thermal control Tip-tilt Algorithms Stars Velocity measurement Velocimeters 2012-09-24 9780819491527 84513J 0277-786X 8451 10.1117/12.926392 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270300 9a3e6251-3bde-4d46-a1f5-4a2ec87a8502 Glen Herriot aut NSI ISN David Andersen aut NSI ISN Jenny Rustmann Atwood Atwood, Jenny aut NSI ISN Peter Byrnes aut NSI ISN Marc-André Boucher aut Corinne Boyer aut Krzysztof (Kris) Caputa Caputa, Kris aut NSI ISN Carlos Correia aut NSI ISN Jennifer Dunn aut NSI ISN Brent Ellerbroek aut Joeleff Tawn Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, Joeleff aut NSI ISN Luc Gilles aut Paul Hickson aut Alexis Hill aut NSI ISN Daniel (Dan) Kerley Kerley, Dan aut NSI ISN John Pazder aut NSI ISN Vladimir Arnoldovich (Vlad) Reshetov Reshetov, Vlad aut NSI ISN Scott Roberts aut NSI ISN Malcolm Smith aut NSI ISN Jean-Pierre Véran aut NSI ISN Lianqi Wang aut Ivan Wevers aut NSI ISN Adaptive Optics Systems III, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng NFIRAOS is the first-light adaptive optics system planned for the Thirty Meter Telescope, and is being designed at the National Research Council of Canada's Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics. NFIRAOS is a laser guide star multi-conjugate adaptive optics system - a practical approach to providing diffraction limited image quality in the NIR over a 30" field of view, with high sky coverage. This will enable a wide range of TMT science that depends upon the large corrected field of view and high precision astrometry and photometry. We review recent progress developing the design and conducting performance estimates for NFIRAOS. yes yes Conducting performance Diffraction limited Field of views First-light adaptive optics system High precision Laser guide star Multi-conjugate adaptive optics systems NFIRAOS Sky coverage Optical telescopes 2012-09-13 9780819491480 84471M 0277-786X 8447 10.1117/12.925087 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270299 b14da8a7-fe3a-49d1-a956-fc024efa3b78 L. Gilles aut C. Correia aut NSI ISN Jean-Pierre Véran Véran, J.P. aut NSI ISN L. Wang aut B. L. Ellerbroek aut Adaptive Optics Systems III, 1 July 2012 through 6 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng In adaptive optics systems employing laser guide stars, the tip/tilt contribution to the long exposure point spread function must be estimated separately from the high-order tip/tilt removed point spread function because this component is estimated separately from a single or multiple low-order natural guide star wavefront sensors. This paper investigates this problem for laser guide star multi conjugate adaptive optics. The approach is based on the scheme developed by Flicker in 2003 [1], and consists in post-processing the measurement covariance matrix of multiple low-order natural guide star wavefront sensors controlling tip/tilt and tilt anisoplanatism. An innovative simulation model based "balanced" algorithm is introduced to capture error terms not accounted for in Flicker's algorithm. Sample enclosed energy results for the Thirty Meter Telescope multi conjugate adaptive optics system demonstrate the superiority of the balanced method and call for further analytical work and experimental validation. yes yes Anisoplanatism Capture error Experimental validations High-order Multi-conjugate adaptive optics systems Natural guide star Point spread function reconstruction Post processing Simulation model Thirty Meter Telescope Wave front sensors Algorithms Atmospheric turbulence Computer simulation Covariance matrix Lasers Optical transfer function Sensors Stars Wavefronts 2012-09-13 9780819491480 844729 0277-786X 8447 10.1117/12.926928 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270298 cbc826b5-7c30-4dd3-be4a-978f43497eda David Andersen Andersen, David R. aut NSI ISN C. Bradley aut O. Lardière aut C. Blain aut C. Correia aut NSI ISN R. Desmarais aut D. Gamroth aut M. Ito aut K. Jackson aut P. Lach aut R. Nash aut L. Pham aut Jean-Pierre Véran Véran, J.-P. aut NSI ISN Adaptive Optics Systems III, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng Raven is a Multi-Object Adaptive Optics (MOAO) scientific demonstrator which will be used on-sky at the Subaru observatory. Raven is currently being built at the University of Victoria AO Lab. In this paper, we present an overview of the final Raven design and then describe lab tests involving prototypes of Raven subsystems. The final design includes three open loop wavefront sensors (WFSs), a laser guide star WFS and two figure/truth WFSs. Two science channels, each containing a deformable mirror (DM), feed light to the Subaru IRCS spectrograph. Central to the Raven MOAO system is a Calibration Unit (CU) which contains multiple sources, a telescope simulator including two rotating phase screens and a ground layer DM that can be used to calibrate and test Raven. We are working with the Raven CU and open loop WFSs to test and validate our open loop calibration and alignment techniques. yes yes Alignment technique Calibration unit Deformable mirrors Ground layer Laser guide star Multiobject Multiple source Phase screen Wave front sensors Calibration Electric appliances Adaptive optics 2012-09-13 9780819491480 84473F 0277-786X 8447 10.1117/12.926854 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270297 44f70959-30be-4822-a9db-04ab7ac36c9b Bruce A. Macintosh aut André Anthony Anthony, Andre aut NSI ISN Jenny Rustmann Atwood Atwood, Jennifer aut NSI ISN Nicolas Barriga aut Brian Bauman aut Krzysztof (Kris) Caputa Caputa, Kris aut NSI ISN Jeffery Chilcote aut Daren Dillon aut René Doyon aut Jennifer Dunn aut NSI ISN Donald T. Gavel aut Ramon Galvez aut Stephen Goodsell aut James R. Graham aut Markus Hartung aut Joshua Isaacs aut Daniel (Dan) Kerley Kerley, Dan aut NSI ISN Quinn Konopacky aut Kathleen Labrie aut James E. Larkin aut Jerome Maire aut Christian Marois aut NSI ISN Max Millar-Blanchaer aut Arturo Nunez aut Ben R. Oppenheimer aut David W. Palmer aut John Pazder aut NSI ISN Marshall Perrin aut Lisa A. Poyneer aut Carlos Quiroz aut Frederik Rantakyro aut Vlad Reshtov aut NSI ISN Leslie K (Les) Saddlemyer Saddlemyer, Leslie aut NSI ISN Naru Sadakuni aut Dmitry Savransky aut Anand Sivaramakrishnan aut Malcolm Smith aut NSI ISN Remi Soummer aut Sandrine Thomas aut J. Kent Wallace aut Jason Weiss aut Sloane Wiktorowicz aut Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng The Gemini Planet Imager is a next-generation instrument for the direct detection and characterization of young warm exoplanets, designed to be an order of magnitude more sensitive than existing facilities. It combines a 1700-actuator adaptive optics system, an apodized-pupil Lyot coronagraph, a precision interferometric infrared wavefront sensor, and a integral field spectrograph. All hardware and software subsystems are now complete and undergoing integration and test at UC Santa Cruz. We will present test results on each subsystem and the results of end-to-end testing. In laboratory testing, GPI has achieved a raw contrast (without post-processing) of 10-6 5σ at 0.4'', and with multiwavelength speckle suppression, 2x10^-7 at the same separation. yes yes Adaptive optics systems Coronagraphy Direct detection Exo-planets Extra solar planets Hardware and software Integral field spectrograph Laboratory testing Lyot coronagraphs Multiwavelength Post processing Speckle suppression Wave front sensors Adaptive optics Astronomy Instruments Software testing 2012-09-24 9780819491473 84461U 0277-786X 8446 10.1117/12.926721 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270296 c886db19-5332-4f04-88f5-fbe1552f72bd Anne-Lise Maire aut Raphael Galicher Galicher, Raphaël aut NSI ISN Anthony Boccaletti aut Pierre Baudoz aut Jean Schneider aut Kerri Cahoy aut Daphne Stam aut Wesley Traub aut Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng Several small space coronagraphs have been proposed to characterize cold exoplanets in reected light. Studies have mainly focused on technical feasibility because of the huge star/planet ux ratio to achieve in the close-in stellar environment (108-1010 at 0.2). However, the main interest of such instruments, the analysis of planet properties, has remained highly unexplored so far. We performed numerical simulations to assess the ability of a small space coronagraph to retrieve spectra of mature Jupiters, Neptunes and super-Earths under realistic assumptions. We describe our assumptions: exoplanetary atmosphere models, instrument numerical simulation and observing conditions. Then, we define a criterion and use it to determine the required exposure times to measure several planet parameters from their spectra (separation, metallicity, cloud and surface coverages) for particular cases. Finally, we attempt to define a parameter space of the potential targets. In the case of a solar-type star, we show that a small coronagraph can characterize the spectral properties of a 2-AU Jupiter up to 10 pc and the cloud and surface coverage of super-Earths in the habitable zone for a few stars within 4{5 pc. Potentially, SPICES could perform analysis of a hypothetical Earth-size planet around α Cen A and B. yes yes Atmosphere models Atmospheric characterization Exo-planets High angular resolutions High contrast imaging Integral field Jupiters Metallicities Parameter spaces Potential targets Solar type stars Spectral properties Surface coverages Technical feasibility Computer simulation Imaging techniques Instruments Millimeter waves Space telescopes Stars Earth (planet) 2012-08-22 9780819491435 84424G 0277-786X 8442 10.1117/12.925563 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270295 548990f5-8f30-4891-a1dd-4abf0843b153 Yoan Micheau aut François Bouchy aut Francesco Pepe aut Bruno Chazelas aut Driss Kouach aut Laurent Parès aut Jean-François Donati aut Gregory Barrick aut Patrick Rabou aut Simon Thibault aut Leslie K (Les) Saddlemyer Saddlemyer, Leslie aut NSI ISN Sandrine Perruchot aut Xavier Delfosse aut Nicolas Striebig aut Gérard Gallou aut David John Loop Loop, David aut NSI ISN John Pazder aut NSI ISN Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng SPIRou is a near-IR (0.98-2.35μm), echelle spectropolarimeter / high precision velocimeter being designed as a next-generation instrument for the 3.6m Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii, with the main goal of detecting Earth-like planets around low mass stars and magnetic fields of forming stars. The unique scientific and technical capabilities of SPIRou are described in a series of seven companion papers. In this paper, the fiber links which connects the polarimeter unit to the cryogenic spectrograph unit (35 meter apart) are described. The pupil slicer which forms a slit compatible with the spectrograph entrance specifications is also discussed in this paper. Some challenging aspects are presented. In particular this paper will focus on the manufacturing of 35 meter fibers with a very low loss attenuation (< 13dB/km) in the non-usual fiber spectral domain from 0.98 μm to 2.35 μm. Other aspects as the scrambling performance of the fiber links to reach high accuracy radial velocity measurements (1m/s) and the design of the pupil slicer exposed at a cryogenic and vacuum environment will be discussed. yes yes CFHT Fluoride fibers FRD High precision Pupil slicer Scrambling Spectropolarimetry Cryogenics Spectrographs Stars Velocimeters Velocity measurement Fibers 2012-09-24 9780819491473 84462R 0277-786X 8446 10.1117/12.926084 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270294 9a793ccd-5317-486b-8122-81e756ec3d56 M. Chun aut O. Lai aut J.-C. Cuillandre aut H. Richer aut D. Toomey aut D. Salmon aut R. Carlberg aut David Andersen Andersen, D. aut NSI ISN D. Burgarella aut K. Ho aut John Pazder Pazder, J. aut NSI ISN E. Bertin aut Adaptive Optics Systems III, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng Ground-layer adaptive optics (GLAO) has the potential to dramatically increase the efficiency and capabilities of existing ground-based telescopes over a broad range of astronomical science. Recent studies of the optical turbulence above several astronomical sites (e.g. Mauna Kea, Paranal, and Antarctica) show that GLAO can be extended to fields of view of several tens of arcminutes in diameter, larger than previously thought, with angular resolutions close to the free-atmosphere seeing. This is a pivotal result since GLAO science cases benefit from the largest possible corrected fields of view. The corrected areal field of a GLAO system is potentially 2-3 orders of magnitude larger than has been demonstrated to date. The 'Imaka team is working toward an instrument that takes advantage of the one-degree field afforded by Mauna Kea. In this paper we summarize the design/simulation work to date along with our plan to develop an instrument that reaches for this wide field of view. © 2012 SPIE. yes yes Angular resolution Antarctica Fields of views Ground-based telescopes Ground-layer adaptive optics Optical turbulence Orders of magnitude Paranal Wide field imaging Wide field of view Wide-field Engineering Molecular physics Adaptive optics 2012-09-13 9780819491480 84471G 8447 0277-786X 10.1117/12.925530 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270293 d0805b88-c81b-4545-9391-eba9b9db82b5 Jean-Christophe Sinquin aut Arnaud Bastard aut Corinne Boyer aut Sébastien Cornette aut Raphaël Cousty aut Brent Ellerbroek aut Xavier Gilbert aut Benoit Gourdet aut Régis Grasser aut Denis Groeninck aut Claude Guillemard aut Glen Herriot aut NSI ISN Albert Iannacone aut Antoine Jeulin aut Aurélien Moreau aut Hubert Pagès aut Lianqi Wang aut Adaptive Optics Systems III, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng In order to prepare for the construction phase of the two Deformable Mirrors (DMs), which will be used in the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) first light Adaptive Optics (AO) system, Cilas has advanced the design of these two large size piezo DMs and has manufactured and tested a scaled demonstration prototype. The work done allowed significant reduction of the risks related to the demanding specifications of the TMT DMs; the main issues were: (i) Large pupil (up to 370 mm) and high order (up to 76x76); (ii) Relatively low operational temperature (DMs working at -30°C); (iii) New piezo material. It is important to develop such a prototype to take into account these three specifications all together (dimension, low temperature and new piezo material). The new prototype is a 6x60 actuators and has the same characteristics as the future TMT DMs. In this paper, we give the conclusions of the work through the presentation of the following items: (i) Design and finite element analysis of the two DMs and prototype; (ii) Test results obtained with the prototype with validation of the finite element analysis and compliance with the TMT AO specifications; (iii) Special focus on thermal behavior, actuator reliability and shape at rest stability. © 2012 SPIE. yes yes Adaptive optics systems Construction phase Deformable mirrors Low temperatures Operational temperature Piezomaterials Piezostack actuators SAM Thermal behaviors Thirty Meter Telescope Actuators Adaptive optics Finite element method Laser pulses Metal drawing Specifications 2012-09-13 9780819491480 844706 0277-786X 8447 10.1117/12.925313 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270292 3e7ea4f6-e0b0-49ac-a307-0fc7c07cad61 Katherine C. Roth aut Scot J. Kleinman aut Kristin Chiboucas aut Ricardo Schiavon aut Kevin Hanna aut Mathew Rippa aut John K. White aut Brian Walls aut Chris Yamasaki aut Richard G (Rick) Murowinski Murowinski, Richard aut NSI ISN Kathleen Labrie aut German Gimeno aut Mark Simpson aut Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng The GMOS-N instrument was upgraded with new CCDs in October 2011, improving the instrument sensitivity at both red and blue wavelengths. The deep depletion devices are manufactured by e2v (42-90 with multi-layer 3 coating) and extend the useful wavelength range of GMOS-N to 0.98 microns (compared to 0.94 microns previously). These detectors also exhibit much lower fringing than the original EEV detectors that had been in use since GMOS-N was commissioned in 2002. All other characteristics of the new detectors (readout speed, pixel size and format, detector controller, noise, gain) are similar to the original CCDs. Operating the new detectors in all amps mode (2 per CCD) has effectively improved the readout speed by a factor of 2. The new devices were selected to provide a quick and relatively simply upgrade route while technical issues with the Hamamatsu devices, originally planned for the upgrade, were investigated and resolved. We discuss the rationale for this interim upgrade, the upgrade process and attending issues. The new detectors have been used for science since November 2011. We present commissioning results illustrating the resulting gain in sensitivity over the original detector package. Gemini is still committed to installing Hamamatsu devices, which will further extend the useful wavelength range of GMOS to 1.03 microns, in both North and South GMOS instruments. We discuss the status of the Hamamatsu project and the current planned schedule for these future upgrades. yes yes Blue wavelength CCDs Deep depletion e2v GMOS Hamamatsu New detectors Pixel size Wavelength ranges 2012-09-24 9780819491473 84463V 0277-786X 8446 10.1117/12.927065 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270291 3f0a3c1c-6717-41d0-9b21-6c596e42f43c Jérôme Maire aut Marshall D. Perrin aut René Doyon aut Jeffrey Chilcote aut James E. Larkin aut Jason L. Weiss aut Christian Marois aut NSI ISN Quinn M. Konopacky aut Maxwell Millar-Blanchaer aut James R. Graham aut Jennifer Dunn aut NSI ISN Raphael Galicher aut NSI ISN Franck Marchis aut Sloane J. Wiktorowicz aut Kathleen Labrie aut Sandrine J. Thomas aut Stephen J. Goodsell aut Fredrik T. Rantakyro aut David W. Palmer aut Bruce A. Macintosh aut Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy II, July 1-4, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) is a new facility instrument for the Gemini Observatory designed to detect and characterize planets and debris disks orbiting nearby stars; its science camera is a near infrared integral field spectrograph. We have developed a data pipeline for this instrument, which will be made publicly available to the community. The GPI data reduction pipeline (DRP) incorporates all necessary image reduction and calibration steps for high contrast imaging in both the spectral and polarimetric modes, including datacube generation, wavelength solution, astrometric and photometric calibrations, and speckle suppression via ADI and SSDI algorithms. It is implemented in IDL as a flexible modular system, and includes both command line and graphical interface tools including a customized viewer for GPI datacubes. This GPI data reduction pipeline is currently working very well, and is in use daily processing data during the instrument's ongoing integration and test period at UC Santa Cruz. Here we summarize the results from recent pipeline tests, and present reductions of instrument test data taken with GPI. We will continue to refine and improve these tools throughout the rest of GPI's testing and commissioning, and they will be released to the community, including both IDL source code and compiled versions that can be used without an IDL license. yes yes Command line Data cube Debris disk Exo-planets Flexible modular High contrast imaging Image reduction Integral field spectrograph Near Infrared Photometric calibration Pipeline tests Source codes Speckle suppression Calibration Data processing Instruments 2012-09-24 9780819491527 84513G 0277-786X 8451 10.1117/12.926202 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270290 1267dde6-43ae-48cd-8cdd-bc9cb692e390 J.-F. Lavigne aut F. Lamontagne aut G. Anctil aut M. Wang aut M. Tremblay aut O. Lardiere aut R. Nash aut David Andersen Andersen, D. aut NSI ISN M. Savard aut P. Côté aut C.H. Bradley aut F. Châteauneuf aut Adaptive Optics Systems III, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng INO has designed, assembled and tested the Raven Multi-Object Adaptive Optics demonstrator calibration unit. This sub-system consists in a telescope simulator that will allow aligning Raven's components during its integration, testing its Adaptive Optics performances in the laboratory and at the telescope, and calibrating the Adaptive Optics system by building the interaction matrix and measuring the non-common path aberrations. The system is presented with the challenges that needed to be overcome during the design and integration phases. The system test results are also presented and compared to the model predictions. yes yes Adaptive optics systems Calibration unit Illumination system Interaction matrices Model prediction Multiobject Subaru telescopes System test Calibration Optical design Optical telescopes 2012-09-13 9780819491480 844754 0277-786X 8447 10.1117/12.925489 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270289 2d897c13-ace0-4cae-9f30-1f8ca10e167e Lucian Livadaru Livadaru, L. aut SDT TSR Jason Pitters Pitters, J. L. aut SDT TSR Marco Giuseppe Taucer Taucer, M. aut SDT TSR Robert A (Bob) Wolkow Wolkow, R. A. aut SDT TSR Nanotech Conference and Expo 2012, June 18-21, 2012, Santa Clara, CA, USA text article eng A dangling bond (DB) on a silicon surface atomic has been found to behave as an atomic-scale quantum dot. This opens up the possibility of using DBs as building blocks for novel electronic structures, pushing the ultimate limits of nanoscale devices. Examples include: artificial molecules, nanowires, and alternate computing architectures such as the Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA). We study theoretically various aspects of DB structures on an H-terminated 2x1 Si(001) surface, which are of primary interest for the advancement of any device architecture: (i) The "diatomic" artificial DB molecule, composed of two tunnel-coupled DBs; its coherence and polarization properties in different ionic states; its potential as a charge qubit. (ii) The interaction of such DB structures with external control electrodes and manipulators, including the interaction with a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) probe. yes yes Artificial molecule Atomic scale Building blockes Charge dynamics Charge qubits Computing architecture Device architectures Electron dynamics External control Ionic state Nanoscale device Polarization properties Quantum-dot cellular automata Si(001) surfaces Silicon dangling bonds Silicon surfaces Dynamics Electronic structure Fluidics Molecules Nanowires Scanning tunneling microscopy Sequential machines Nanotechnology 2012 9781466562752 35 37 3 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270288 e06a1785-d537-45cf-8018-bb881700683b Hui (Julie) Qian Qian, H. aut SDT TSR Wei-Zheng (Wendi) Shen Shen, W.-Z. aut SDT TSR Kai Cui Cui, K. aut SDT TSR Jae-Young Cho Cho, J.-Y. aut SDT TSR Hicham Fenniri Fenniri, H. aut SDT TSR Nanotech Conference and Expo 2012, June 18-21, 2012, Santa Clara, CA, USA text article eng Gold/silver (Au/Ag) bimetallic nanoclusters (shell) on silica (Au/Ag @ SiO 2) were synthesized by layer-by-layer technique. By adjusting the mole ratio of Au and Ag, the bimetallic alloy on the SiO 2 nanoshpere surface posseses tunable surface plasmon resonance. Several transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques have been applied to characterize the structure and morphology of the bimetallic nanoclusters, including scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) tomography, high angle angular dark field (HAADF) imaging, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectoscopy, high resolution TEM (HRTEM) and electron diffraction (ED). The results revealed the Au/Ag alloy nanoclusters were interconnected on the surface of SiO 2 nanospheres with the nanoscale roughess varied with the mole ratio of Au and Ag. yes yes Bimetallic nanoclusters ED HAADF HRTEM STEM Energy dispersive spectroscopy Films Nanotechnology Silica Silver alloys Transmission electron microscopy Nanocomposite films 2012 9781466562745 87 90 4 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270287 fca3446c-b07e-4ebc-87ee-c1fa3559a34b Usha Devi Hemraz Hemraz, U. D aut ACRD DCRA Christophe Danumah Danumah, C. aut SDT TSR Alice Lucy Lu Lu, A. aut ACRD DCRA Mehmet Yaman (Yaman) Boluk Boluk, Y. aut SDT TSR Nanotech Conference and Expo 2012, June 18-21, 2012, Santa Clara, CA, USA text article eng Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was grafted with the thermo-responsive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (Nipaam) via living radical polymerization. Various techniques were used to characterize the physical, chemical, morphological and thermal properties of the resulting material. The viscoelastic properties and the stability of the functionalized NCC were compared to the unmodified NCC using rheometry. The shear viscosity of the NCC suspension decreased slightly with an increase in temperature from 20°C to 45°C, indicating a stable system. The storage modulus and shear viscosity values both exhibited a burst increase at about 32.5°C, which is assigned to be the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of poly(Nipaam). This indicates the successful functionalization of Nipaam polymer chains on NCC. In addition, the thermodynamic property of poly(Nipaam) also prevailed on the grafted NCC. yes yes Functionalizations Functionalized Living radical polymerization Lower critical solution temperature N-isopropylacrylamides Nanocrystalline cellulose Polymer chains Polymer grafting Resulting materials Rheometry Stable systems Thermoresponsive polymer Viscoelastic properties Viscosity value Acrylic monomers Cellulose derivatives Grafting (chemical) Living polymerization Polymers Rheology Shear viscosity Thermodynamic properties Viscoelasticity Nanocomposite films Copolymerization Low Temperature Polyacrylics Thin Films 2012 9781466562745 640 643 4 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Développement des cultures et des ressources aquatiques Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270286 927d8c4c-3486-4ac6-b6e4-6e55e41498e8 V. Incani aut SDT TSR Christophe Danumah Danumah, C. aut SDT TSR Mehmet Yaman (Yaman) Boluk Boluk, Y. aut SDT TSR Nanotech Conference and Expo 2012, June 18-21, 2012, Santa Clara, CA, USA text article eng In this work, we describe the use of a composite material made of a renewable source and metallic nanoparticles for biosensing applications. NCC is a product isolated from natural cellulose fibers, which is of approx. 100 nm long and 10 nm wide in size. We augmented the surface area and chemical affinity of NCC by optimally dressing it with gold nanoparticles (AuNP). The deposition of AuNP on NCC was controlled by using cationic Polyethylenimine (PEI). AuNPs were thio-funtionalized prior to enzyme immobilization and the enzyme (glucose oxidase) was conjugated on the composite by carbodiimide (EDC)/NHS coupling. Using UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy in the presence of a specific substrate we monitored the activity of the immobilized enzymes, and its efficiency was compared with that of the enzyme in free form. Our results using FT-IR and SEM show that thiol-AuNPs were attached to the surface of NCC. The enzymes activity were measured and quantified using different kit assays and proved that the enzymes were attached to the support and maintained their activity. yes yes Biosensing applications Biosensor applications Carbodiimides Cationic polyethylenimine Chemical affinities Enzymes activity Freeforms Gold nanoparticles Immobilized enzyme Its efficiencies Metallic nanoparticles Nanocrystalline cellulose Natural cellulose fibers Renewable sources Surface area UV-visible Biosensors Cellulose derivatives Exhibitions Fluorescence spectroscopy Glucose oxidase Glucose sensors Medical nanotechnology Metal nanoparticles Nanocomposites Nanotechnology Sensors Enzyme immobilization Cellulose Derivatives Enzymes Glucose Gold Compounds Sensors 2012 9781466562769 13 16 4 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270285 c3c53346-ddd2-4be2-aeac-3b6639aa91ff Stanislav Stoyanov Stoyanov, Stanislav R. aut SDT TSR Olga Olegovna Lyubimova Lyubimova, O. aut SDT TSR Javier Cuervo Cuervo, J. E. aut SDT TSR Sergey Gusarov Gusarov, S. aut SDT TSR Alexander (Alex) Kobryn Kobryn, A. E. aut SDT TSR Nikolay Valerievich Blinov Blinov, N. aut SDT TSR Andriy Kovalenko Kovalenko, A. aut SDT TSR TAPPI International Conference on Nanotechnology for Renewable Materials 2012, June 4-7, 2012, Montreal, QC, Canada text article eng yes yes 2012 9781627480536 624 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270284 5b335a89-27ca-4371-a587-f7cc6d57833a Hilal Gul-Uludag aut Peng Xu aut SDT TSR Leah A. Marquez-Curtis aut James Xing aut Anna Janowska-Wieczorek aut Jie Chen aut SDT TSR text article eng The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α/CXCL12 and its receptor CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) play a crucial role in the homing/engraftment and retention of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the bone marrow. It has been shown using the viral gene transfer technique that CXCR4 overexpression on human CD34+ HSPC significantly improves their engraftment in murine models. However, clinical trials with gene therapy have revealed safety concerns related to the immunogenicity of the viral carriers, due to the random integration of viral genes into the host genome. Therefore, a method for CXCR4 gene delivery into HSPC that is safe, nonviral, and highly efficient is needed to improve clinical transplantation and gene therapies. In this work, we investigated the nonviral CXCR4 gene delivery into HSPC using the cationic liposome agent IBAfect. We used CD34+ cells from cord blood and the models of immature hematopoietic cells expressing CD34 antigen, namely, leukemic cell lines KG-1a and KG-1. Transfection efficiency was determined by flow cytometric analysis 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after transfection, and the viability of cells analyzed by trypan blue exclusion and MTS assays. The functional response of CXCR4-transfected HSPC toward an SDF-1α gradient was determined by chemotaxis assay. We found that ∼25% transfection is achieved for KG-1a and KG-1 cells and 20% for HSPC, and that the viability of CXCR4-transfected HSPC is not significantly altered. More importantly, overexpression of CXCR4 using IBAfect significantly increased the chemotaxis of KG-1 cells and HSPC toward SDF-1α. However, we tested 2 other commercially available cationic liposomes (Lipofectamine 2000 and 1,2-dioleoyl-3- trimethylammonium-propane [DOTAP]) in parallel, and we found that they failed to deliver the CXCR4 gene into cells under the same conditions. These results suggest that IBAfect-mediated in vitro gene delivery to overexpress CXCR4 on HSPC is a safe and efficient technique with great potential for improving the efficacy of HSPC transplantation and gene therapy protocols. yes yes CD34 antigen chemokine receptor CXCR4 liposome stromal cell derived factor 1alpha cell migration cell viability chemotaxis cytotoxicity flow cytometry gene overexpression genetic transfection hematopoietic stem cell in vitro gene transfer priority journal Antigens, CD34 Cell Survival Cells, Cultured Chemokine CXCL12 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Hematopoietic Stem Cells Humans Liposomes Receptors, CXCR4 Recombinant Proteins Transfection Murinae 2012-06-22 1547-3287 21 10 1587 1596 10 10.1089/scd.2011.0297 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270283 01bfbd84-f0c1-4233-a847-2ca85244fd4f S. Thomas aut L. Poyneer aut D. Savransky aut B. Macintosh aut NSI ISN M. Hartung aut D. Dillon aut D. Gavel aut Jennifer Dunn aut NSI ISN K. Wallace aut D. Palmer aut Robert De Rosa aut Adaptive Optics Systems III, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng High-contrast imaging is a growing observational technique aimed at discovering and characterizing extrasolar planets. The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) is designed to achieve contrast ratios of 10-6 - 10 -7 and requires unprecedented wavefront correction and coronagraphic control of diffraction. GPI is a facility instrument now undergoing integration and testing and is scheduled for first light on the 8-m Gemini South telescope towards the end of 2012. In this paper, we focus on the wavefront sensing and correction aspects of the instrument. To measure the wavefront, GPI combines a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and a high-accuracy infrared interferometric wavefront calibration system. The Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor uses 1700 subapertures to precisely sample the wavefront at 1.5 kHz and features a spatial filter to prevent aliasing. The wavefront calibration system measures the slower temporal frequency errors as well as non-common path aberrations. The wavefront correction is performed using a two-stage adaptive optics system employing a 9x9 piezoelectric deformable mirror and a 43x43 actuators MEMS deformable mirror operating in a woofer-tweeter configuration. Finally, an image sharpening technique is used to further increase the contrast of the final image. In this paper, we describe the three wavefront sensing methods and how we combine their respective information to achieve the best possible contrast. yes yes Adaptive optics systems Aliasing Calibration system Contrast ratio Deformable mirrors Extra solar planets Extrasolar planet detection Extreme adaptive optics High contrast imaging High-accuracy Image sharpening MEMS deformable mirror Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors Spatial filters Sub-apertures Temporal frequency Wave-front sensing Wavefront correction Adaptive optics Calibration Instrument testing Interferometry Piezoelectric actuators Wavefronts 2012 9780819491480 844714 0277-786X 8447 10.1117/12.926680 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270282 0e3914ba-405b-482e-ac68-c914650eeda9 Bernhard Lopez aut Rieks Jager aut Nicholas D. Whyborn aut Lewis B Knee Knee, Lewis B. G. aut NSI ISN Joseph P. McMullin aut Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for Astronomy V, July 1-3, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is a joint project between astronomical organizations in Europe, North America, and East Asia, in collaboration with the Republic of Chile. ALMA will consist of at least 54 twelve-meter antennas and 12 seven-meter antennas operating as an aperture synthesis array in the (sub)millimeter wavelength range. It is the responsibility of ALMA AIV to deliver the fully assembled, integrated, and verified antennas (array elements) to the telescope array. After an initial phase of infrastructure setup AIV activities began when the first ALMA antenna and subsystems became available in mid 2008. During the second semester of 2009 a project-wide effort was made to put in operation a first 3-antenna interferometer at the Array Operations Site (AOS). In 2010 the AIV focus was the transition from event-driven activities towards routine series production. Also, due to the ramp-up of operations activities, AIV underwent an organizational change from an autonomous department into a project within a strong matrix management structure. When the subsystem deliveries stabilized in early 2011, steady-state series processing could be achieved in an efficient and reliable manner. The challenge today is to maintain this production pace until completion towards the end of 2013. This paper describes the way ALMA AIV evolved successfully from the initial phase to the present steady-state of array element series processing. It elaborates on the different project phases and their relationships, presents processing statistics, illustrates the lessons learned and relevant best practices, and concludes with an outlook of the path towards completion. yes yes Aperture synthesis Atacama large millimeter/submillimeter array East Asia Joint projects Matrix management Millimeter wavelength Project phasis Series production Telescope arrays Assembly Astronomy Integration Verification Antennas 2012 9780819491503 84490P 0277-786X 8449 10.1117/12.925079 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270281 611349f4-e14b-4c96-a394-7d7f3a0b9e24 Paolo Spanò Spanò, P. aut NSI ISN A. Bianco aut R. Briguglio aut M. Cecconi aut L. Miglietta aut E. Molinari aut G. Pariani aut A. Riccardi aut M. Riva aut D. Tresoldi aut M. Xompero aut F. Zerbi aut Adaptive Optics Systems III, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng Innovative optical interferometry test setups and control software techniques have been proposed for the E-ELT M4 adaptive optics mirror. The system is composed of three sub-systems: a CGH-based optical test tower, delivering a 1.5-m collimated beam, for fast simultaneous acquisition of large areas; a stitching interferometer, to calibrate at higher spatial frequencies, on smaller areas; and an optical piston sensor to remove differential piston and tilt between adjacent mirror segments. yes yes Interferometry, CGH, stitching, piston sensor, ELTs 2012 9780819491480 84473O 0277-786X 8447 10.1117/12.926008 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270280 7887c254-b5c0-4fc9-9052-72eff4bdba09 Stephen Eikenberry aut Reba Bandyopadhyay aut J. Greg Bennett aut Aaron Bessoff aut Matt Branch aut Miguel Charcos aut Richard Corley aut Curtis Dewitt aut John-David Eriksen aut Richard Elston aut Skip Frommeyer aut Anthony Gonzalez aut Kevin Hanna aut Michael Herlevich aut David Hon aut Jeff Julian aut Roger Julian aut Nestor Lasso aut Antonio Marin-Franch aut Jose Marti aut Charlie Murphey aut S. N. Raines aut William Rambold aut David Rashkin aut Craig Warner aut Brian M Leckie Leckie, Brian aut NSI ISN William (Rusty) Gardhouse Gardhouse, W. R. aut NSI ISN John Murray (Murray) Fletcher Fletcher, Murray aut NSI ISN Tim Hardy aut NSI ISN Jennifer Dunn aut NSI ISN Robert M (Bob) Wooff Wooff, Robert aut NSI ISN John Pazder aut NSI ISN Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng We report on the design, on-sky performance, and status of the FLAMINGOS-2 instrument - the fully-cryogenic facility near-infrared imager and multi-object spectrograph for the Gemini 8-meter telescopes. FLAMINGOS-2 has a refractive all-spherical optical system providing 0.18-arcsecond pixels and a 6.2-arcminute circular field-of-view on a 2048x2048-pixel HAWAII-2 0.9-2.4 μm detector array. A slit/decker wheel mechanism allows the selection of up to 9 multi-object laser-machined plates or 3 long slits for spectroscopy over a 6x2-arcminute field of view, and selectable grisms provide resolutions from ∼1300 to ∼3000 over the entire spectrograph bandpass. FLAMINGOS-2 is also compatible with the Gemini Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics system, providing multi-object spectroscopic capabilities over a 3x1-arcminute field with high spatial resolution (0.09-arcsec/pixel). We review the designs of optical, mechanical, electronics, software, and On-Instrument WaveFront Sensor subsystems. We also present the on-sky performance measured during acceptance testing in 2009, as well as current status of the project and future plans. yes yes Band pass Detector arrays Field of views High spatial resolution Multi-conjugate adaptive optics systems Multi-object spectrograph Near Infrared Wave front sensors Wheel mechanism Wide-field imager Infrared devices Optical systems Spectrographs Pixels 2012 9780819491473 84460I 0277-786X 8446 10.1117/12.925679 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270279 30e64c97-3e3e-4514-bd21-587b80094ab0 Alan McConnachie aut NSI ISN Patrick J D (Pat) Côté Côté, Patrick aut NSI ISN David Crampton aut NSI ISN Daniel Devost aut Doug Simons aut Kei Szeto aut NSI ISN Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng A concept study is underway to upgrade the existing 3.6 meter Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) to a 10 meter class, wide-field, dedicated, spectroscopic facility, which will be the sole astronomical resource capable of obtaining deep, spectroscopic follow-up data to the wealth of photometric and astrometric surveys planned for the next decade, and which is designed to tackle driving science questions on the formation of the Milky Way galaxy and the characterization and nature of dark energy. This unique facility will operate at low (R ∼ 2000), intermediate (R ∼ 6000) and high (R ∼ 20000) resolutions over the wavelength range 370 ≤ λ ≤ 1300nm, and will obtain up to 3200 simultaneous spectra per pointing over a 1.5 square degree field. Unlike all other proposed or planned wide field spectroscopic facilities, this "Next Generation CFHT" will combine the power of a 10m aperture with exquisite observing conditions and a mandate for dedicated spectroscopic studies to enable transformative science programs in fields as diverse as exoplanetary host characterization, the interstellar medium, stars and stellar astrophysics, the Milky Way galaxy, the Local Group, nearby galaxies and clusters, galaxy evolution, the inter-galactic medium, dark energy and cosmology. A new collaboration must be formed to make this necessary facility into a reality, and currently nearly 60 scientists from 11 different communities - Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Hawaii, India, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, USA - are involved in defining the science requirements and survey strategies. Here, we discuss the origins of this project, its motivations, the key science and its flow-down requirements. An accompanying article describes the technical studies completed to date. The final concept study will be submitted to the CFHT Board and Science Advisory Committee in Fall 2012, with first light for the facility aiming to be in the early 2020s. yes yes Dark energy Galaxy evolution Interstellar mediums Milky way galaxy Stellar astrophysics Wavelength ranges Wide field Airborne telescopes Optical telescopes Spectroscopic analysis Spectroscopy Surveys Galaxies 2012 9780819491459 84442Z 0277-786X 8444 10.1117/12.926847 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270278 d091aa42-2f1b-4dac-b311-04d4ca39390c Jeffrey K. Chilcote aut James E. Larkin aut Jérôme Maire aut Marshall D. Perrin aut Michael P. Fitzgerald aut René Doyon aut Simon Thibault aut Brian Bauman aut Bruce A. Macintosh aut James R. Graham aut Leslie K (Les) Saddlemyer Saddlemyer, Les aut NSI ISN Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng We present performance results, from in-lab testing, of the Integral Field Spectrograph (IFS) for the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI). GPI is a facility class instrument for the Gemini Observatory with the primary goal of directly detecting young Jovian planets. The GPI IFS is based on concepts from the OSIRIS instrument at Keck and utilizes an infrared transmissive lenslet array to sample a rectangular 2.8 x 2.8 arcsecond field of view. The IFS provides low-resolution spectra across five bands between 1 and 2.5 μm. Alternatively, the dispersing element can be replaced with a Wollaston prism to provide broadband polarimetry across the same five filter bands. The IFS construction was based at the University of California, Los Angeles in collaboration with the Université de Montréal, Immervision and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. During its construction, we encountered an unusual noise source from microphonic pickup by the Hawaii-2RG detector. We describe this noise and how we eliminated it through vibration isolation. The IFS has passed its preship review and was shipped to University of California, Santa Cruz at the end of 2011 for integration with the remaining sub-systems of GPI. The IFS has been integrated with the rest of GPI and is delivering high quality spectral datacubes of GPI's coronagraphic field. yes yes Extra solar planets Field of views HAWAII-2RG High quality Integral field spectrograph Jovian planets Lawrence livermore national laboratories Lenslet array Noise source Vibration isolations Wollaston prism Polarimeters 2012 9780819491473 84468W 0277-786X 8446 10.1117/12.925790 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270277 6e3684b2-fa67-4444-b7a1-b48b2fa90aa1 Ihor Omelyan Omelyan, Igor aut NINT INNT Andriy Kovalenko aut NINT INNT text article eng We propose a new approach to split up the velocities of atoms of flexible molecules into translational, rotational, and vibrational components. As a result, the kinetic energy of the system can easily be expressed in terms of only three parts related to the above components. This is distinct from the standard Eckart method, where the cumbersome Coriolis contribution to the kinetic energy appears additionally. The absence of such a contribution within the proposed approach allows us to readily extend the microcanonical multiple-time-step dynamics of flexible molecules to the canonical-isokinetic Nosé-Hoover chain ensemble by explicitly integrating the translational, orientational, and vibrational motion. The previous extensions dealt exclusively with translational degrees of freedom of separate atoms, leading to a limitation on the size of the outer time step of 100 femtoseconds. We show on molecular dynamics simulations of the flexible TIP3P water model that the new canonical-isokinetic formulation gives a possibility to significantly overcome this limitation. In particular, huge outer time steps of order from a few hundred femtoseconds up to several picoseconds can now be employed to study conformational properties without loss of accuracy. yes yes Conformational properties Coriolis Femtoseconds Molecular dynamics simulations Multiple time step Picoseconds Time step Translational degrees of freedoms Vibrational components Vibrational motions Water models Degrees of freedom (mechanics) Kinetic energy Molecular dynamics Molecules Atoms 2012-02-22 1539-3755 85 2 26706 10.1103/PhysRevE.85.026706 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Institute for Nanotechnology Institut national de nanotechnologie National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270276 25a19bf1-b940-46a8-b61e-3eb8939911a2 Oleksiy Svitelskiy aut Vincent Theol Karel Sauer Sauer, Vince aut SDT TSR Douglas Wade (Doug) Vick Vick, Douglass aut SDT TSR Kar Mun (Kar) Cheng Cheng, Kar-Mun aut SDT TSR Ning Liu aut Mark Russell Freeman Freeman, Mark R. aut SDT TSR Wayne Hiebert Hiebert, Wayne K. aut SDT TSR text article eng We present a comprehensive study of nanoelectromechanical systems in pressurized fluids. Resonant responses and quality factors are monitored in five different gases and one liquid, in pressures ranging from vacuum to 20 MPa, in order to evaluate theoretical models of device-fluid interactions at the nanoscale. The traditional Newell picture of microresonator damping in different pressure regimes is found to be inadequate in describing nanoresonators in general. Damping at intermediate pressure ranges is better physically characterized by a Weissenberg number (which compares oscillation frequencies with fluid relaxation rates) than a Knudsen number (which compares mean free paths with device widths) and most adequately described by the Yakhot and Colosqui model. At high-pressure ranges, two models are found to give good agreement with data: the phenomenological model of vibrating spheres and the Sader and Bhiladvala model for the viscous regime. The latter is also successful in explicitly predicting pressure-dependent behavior of the viscous mass load and damping. We observe significant increases in damping due to the squeezed film (SF) of gas between the device and substrate as well as due to undercut (an unavoidable artifact of the standard fabrication technique); correcting the shape of the devices with a focused ion beam allows us to differentiate these two factors. Application of the SF model accounts well for additional damping at high pressures while only qualitatively agreeing at lower pressures. The extensive data collected allow additional insight into fundamental processes underlying fluid damping at the nanoscale, particularly in the intermediate- and high-pressure regimes. yes yes Fabrication technique Fluid damping High pressure Intermediate pressures Knudsen numbers Lower pressures Mass load Mean free path Micro resonators Nano scale Nanoresonators Oscillation frequency Phenomenological models Pressure regime Quality factors Relaxation rates Resonant response Theoretical models Weissenberg number Nanotechnology Damping 2012-05-29 1539-3755 85 5 56313 10.1103/PhysRevE.85.056313 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270275 9da3a372-d56a-4e6c-ae11-f2e8d2f5ec0a Yuzhi Yollanda Hao Hao, Yuzhi aut NINT INNT Xiaoyang Yang aut Steven Song aut Min Huang aut Chuan He aut Mingyang Cui aut Jie Chen aut text article eng Recently, there has been a lot of interest in using gold nanoparticles (GNPs) for biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility. To increase GNP cell uptake and circulation half-life, and to improve its bio-distribution invivo, we chose to coat GNPs with 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1- rac-glycerol) (sodium salt) (POPG) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Two different methods were used to synthesize POPG-GNPs or PEG-GNPs, but the resulting nanoparticle sizes and morphologies were similar. Under the same incubation conditions, POPG-GNPs can be uptaken quicker than PEG-GNPs by cellsspecifically, the maximum uptake was 8h versus 16h after incubation. In addition, the uptake amount of POPG-GNPs was more than that of PEG-GNPs. The uptake processes were confirmed by SEM and TEM images. The main reason for the greater uptake of POPG-GNPs can be attributed to the structural similarities between the POPG coating and the cell membrane as well as GNP aggregation. yes yes Biodistributions Biomedical applications Cell uptake In-vivo Nanoparticle sizes SEM and TEM Sodium salt Structural similarity Biocompatibility Cell membranes Thermoplastics Polyethylene glycols 1 palmitoyl 2 oleoylglycero 3 phosphoglycerol 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycero-3-phosphoglycerol macrogol derivative metal nanoparticles phosphatidylglycerol cell death drug effect endocytosis tumor cell line ultrastructure Phosphatidylglycerols Polyethylene Glycols 2012-01-06 0957-4484 23 4 45103 10.1088/0957-4484/23/4/045103 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Institute for Nanotechnology Institut national de nanotechnologie National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270274 338e9260-03b5-4873-8840-694312fb157e A. L. Beaudry aut R. T. Tucker aut J. M. Laforge aut M. T. Taschuk aut Michael Julian Brett Brett, M. J. aut NINT INNT text article eng A new growth technique for indium tin oxide nanowhiskers with increased control over feature size and spacing is reported. The technique is based on a unique combination of self-catalysed vapour-liquid-solid (VLS) growth and glancing angle deposition (GLAD). This VLSGLAD technique provides enhanced control over nanowhisker morphology as the effect of typical VLS growth parameters (e.g.flux rate, temperature) is amplified at large deposition angles characteristic of GLAD. Spatial modulation of the collimated growth flux controls trunk width, number and orientation of branches, and overall nanowhisker density. Here we report the influence of growth conditions (including deposition angle, flux rate, nominal pitch and substrate temperature) on nanowhisker morphology, with specific focus on the effect of large deposition angles. Sheet resistance and transmission of the films were measured to characterize their performance as transparent conductive oxides. Hybrid nanostructured films grown in this study include high surface area nanowhiskers protruding from a conductive film, ideal for transparent conductive electrode applications. yes yes Deposition angle Feature sizes Flux rates Glancing angle deposition Growth conditions Growth flux Growth techniques High surface area Indium tin oxide Morphology control Nanostructured Films Spatial modulations Substrate temperature Transparent conductive Transparent conductive oxides VLS growth Crystal whiskers Indium compounds Liquids Morphology Nanowhiskers Tin Tin oxides Conductive films 2012-02-24 0957-4484 23 10 105608 10.1088/0957-4484/23/10/105608 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Institute for Nanotechnology Institut national de nanotechnologie National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270272 3f43b6ab-5ae0-4b8f-9adb-11b5d4916550 Jose M. González-Domínguez aut Yadienka Martínez-Rubí aut Ana M. Díez-Pascual aut A. Ansón-Casaos aut Marian Gómez-Fatou aut Benoit Simard aut SDT TSR M. Teresa Martínez aut text article eng Composite materials based on epoxy matrix and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are able to exhibit outstanding improvements in physical properties when using a tailored covalent functionalization with matrix-based moieties containing terminal amines or epoxide rings. The proper choice of grafted moiety and integration protocol makes it feasible to tune the composite physical properties. At 0.5wt% SWCNT loading, these composites exhibit up to 65% improvement in storage modulus, 91% improvement in tensile strength, and 65% improvement in toughness. A 15°C increase in the glass transition temperature relative to the parent matrix was also achieved. This suggests that a highly improved interfacial bonding between matrix and filler, coupled to improved dispersion, are achieved. The degradation temperatures show an upshift in the range of 4060°C, which indicates superior thermal performance. Electrical conductivity ranges from 10 13 to 10 3Scm 1, which also shows the possibility of tuning the insulating or conductive behaviour of the composites. The chemical affinity of the functionalization moieties with the matrix and the unchanged molecular structure at the SWCNT/matrix interface are responsible for such improvements. yes yes Chemical affinities Covalent functionalizations Degradation temperatures Electrical conductivity Epoxy composite Epoxy matrices Functionalizations Functionalized Grafted moieties Interfacial bonding Reactive fillers Thermal Performance Tunable properties Electric conductivity Loading Physical properties Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCN) Fillers 2012-06-21 0957-4484 23 28 285702 10.1088/0957-4484/23/28/285702 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270271 e8f5e341-e7df-4eee-98c2-9635f8f5eca6 Wilson Roa aut Yeping Xiong aut Jie Chen aut SDT TSR Xiaoyan Yang aut Kun Song aut Xiaohong Yang aut Beihua Kong aut John Wilson aut James Z. Xing aut text article eng We synthesized a novel, multi-functional, radiosensitizing agent by covalently linking 6-fluoro-6-deoxy-d-glucose (6-FDG) to gold nanoparticles (6-FDG-GNPs) via a thiol functional group. We then assessed the bio-distribution and pharmacokinetic properties of 6-FDG-GNPs in vivo using a murine model. At 2h, following intravenous injection of 6-FDG-GNPs into the murine model, approximately 30% of the 6-FDG-GNPs were distributed to three major organs: the liver, the spleen and the kidney. PEGylation of the 6-FDG-GNPs was found to significantly improve the bio-distribution of 6-FDG-GNPs by avoiding unintentional uptake into these organs, while simultaneously doubling the cellular uptake of GNPs in implanted breast MCF-7 adenocarcinoma. When combined with radiation, PEG-6-FDG-GNPs were found to increase the apoptosis of the MCF-7 breast adenocarinoma cells by radiation both in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacokinetic data indicate that GNPs reach their maximal concentrations at a time window of two to four hours post-injection, during which optimal radiation efficiency can be achieved. PEG-6-FDG-GNPs are thus novel nanoparticles that preferentially accumulate in targeted cancer cells where they act as potent radiosensitizing agents. Future research will aim to substitute the 18F atom into the 6-FDG molecule so that the PEG-6-FDG-GNPs can also function as radiotracers for use in positron emission tomography scanning to aid cancer diagnosis and image guided radiation therapy planning. yes yes 2012-08-24 0957-4484 23 37 375101 10.1088/0957-4484/23/37/375101 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270270 ed83741b-420a-4787-ae8b-d910825b29a3 P. Simon aut C. Heymans aut T. Schrabback aut A. N. Taylor aut M. E. Gray aut L. van Waerbeke aut C. Wolf aut D. Bacon aut M. Barden aut A. Böhm aut B. Häußler aut K. Jahnke aut S. Jogee aut E. van Kampen aut K. Meisenheimer aut Chien Yi Peng Peng, C. Y. aut HIA IHA text article eng We present weak lensing data from the Hubble Space Telescope(HST)/Space Telescope A901/902 Galaxy Evolution Survey (STAGES) survey to study the three-dimensional spatial distribution of matter and galaxies in the Abell 901/902 supercluster complex. Our method improves over the existing 3D lensing mapping techniques by calibrating and removing redshift bias and accounting for the effects of the radial elongation of 3D structures. We also include the first detailed noise analysis of a 3D lensing map, showing that even with deep HST-quality data, only the most massive structures, for example M 200≳ 10 15M ⊙h -1 at z∼ 0.8, can be resolved in 3D with any reasonable redshift accuracy (Δz≈ 0.15). We compare the lensing map to the stellar mass distribution and find luminous counterparts for all mass peaks detected with a peak significance >3σ. We see structures in and behind the z= 0.165 foreground supercluster, finding structure directly behind the A901b cluster at z∼ 0.6 and also behind the south-west (SW) group at z∼ 0.7. This 3D structure viewed in projection has no significant impact on recent mass estimates of A901b or the SW group components SWa and SWb. yes yes 2012-01-11 0035-8711 419 2 998 1016 19 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19760.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270269 319b100b-7aec-41a4-adbb-4e2cec9d8cb4 Edouard J. Bernard aut Annette M. N. Ferguson aut Michael K. Barker aut Sebastien L. Hidalgo aut Rodrigo A. Ibata aut Michael J. Irwin aut Geraint F. Lewis aut Alan McConnachie McConnachie, Alan W. aut HIA IHA Matteo Monelli aut Scott C. Chapman aut text article eng We present a detailed analysis of two fields located 26kpc (∼5 radial scalelengths) from the centre of M31 along the south-west semimajor axis of the disc. One field samples the major axis populations - the Outer Disc field - while the other is offset by ∼18arcmin and samples the warp in the stellar disc - the warp field. The colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) based on Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys imaging reach old main-sequence turn-offs (∼12.5Gyr). We apply the CMD-fitting technique to the warp field to reconstruct the star formation history (SFH). We find that after undergoing roughly constant star formation until about 4.5Gyr ago, there was a rapid decline in activity and then a ∼1.5Gyr lull, followed by a strong burst lasting 1.5Gyr and responsible for 25 per cent of the total stellar mass in this field. This burst appears to be accompanied by a decline in global metallicity which could be a signature of the inflow of metal-poor gas. The onset of the burst (∼3Gyr ago) corresponds to the last close passage of M31 and M33 as predicted by detailed N-body modelling, and may have been triggered by this event. We reprocess the deep M33 outer disc field data of Barker et al. in order to compare consistently derived SFHs. This reveals a similar duration burst that is exactly coeval with that seen in the M31 warp field, lending further support to the interaction hypothesis. We reliably trace star formation as far back as 12-13Gyr ago in the outer disc of M31, while the onset of star formation occurred about 2Gyr later in M33, with median stellar ages of 7.5 and 4.5Gyr, respectively. The complex SFHs derived, as well as the smoothly varying age-metallicity relations, suggest that the stellar populations observed in the far outer discs of both galaxies have largely formed in situ rather than migrated from smaller galactocentric radii. The strong differential reddening affecting the CMD of the Outer Disc field prevents derivation of the SFH using the same method. Instead, we quantify this reddening and find that the fine-scale distribution of dust precisely follows that of the Hi gas. This indicates that the outer Hi disc of M31 contains a substantial amount of dust and therefore suggests significant metal enrichment in these parts, consistent with inferences from our CMD analysis. yes yes 2012-03-01 0035-8711 420 3 2625 2643 19 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.20234.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270268 cbd63517-2399-4ef8-a0eb-186bac8471c4 M. Monelli aut E. J. Bernard aut C. Gallart aut G. Fiorentino aut I. Drozdovsky aut A. Aparicio aut G. Bono aut S. Cassisi aut E. D. Skillman aut Peter B Stetson Stetson, P. B. aut NSI ISN text article eng We investigate the variable star content of the isolated, Local Group, dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy Cetus. Multi-epoch, wide-field images collected with the Very Large Telescope/Visible Multiobject Spectrograph camera allowed us to detect 638 variable stars (630 RRLyrae stars and eight anomalous Cepheids), 475 of which are new detections. We present a full catalogue of periods, amplitudes and mean magnitudes. Motivated by the recent discovery that the pulsational properties of the RRLyrae stars in the Tucana dSph revealed the presence of a metallicity gradient within the oldest (>rsim10Gyr old) stellar populations, we investigated the possibility of an analogous effect in Cetus. We found that, despite the obvious radial gradient in the horizontal branch and red giant branch morphologies, both becoming bluer on average for increasing distance from the centre of Cetus, the properties of the RRLyrae stars are homogeneous within the investigated area (out to r∼ 15arcmin), with no significant evidence of a radial gradient. We discuss this in connection with the star formation history previously derived for the two galaxies. The observed differences between these two systems show that even systems this small show a variety of early evolutionary histories. These differences could be due to different merger or accretion histories. yes yes 2012-05-01 0035-8711 422 1 89 105 17 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20539.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270267 e8f68027-1dd5-4593-a919-b10f59efe1d8 N. R. Tanvir aut A. D. Mackey aut A. M. N. Ferguson aut A. Huxor aut J. I. Read aut G. F. Lewis aut M. J. Irwin aut S. Chapman aut R. Ibata aut M. I. Wilkinson aut Alan McConnachie McConnachie, A. W. aut NSI ISN N. F. Martin aut M. B. Davies aut T. J. Bridges aut text article eng We present a structural analysis of halo star clusters in M31 based on deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) imaging. The clusters in our sample span a range in galactocentric projected distance from 13 to 100kpc and thus reside in rather remote environments. Ten of the clusters are classical globulars, whilst four are from the Huxor et al. population of extended, old clusters. For most clusters, contamination by M31 halo stars is slight, and so the profiles can be mapped reliably to large radial distances from their centres. We find that the extended clusters are well fit by analytic King profiles with ∼20 parsec core radii and ∼100 parsec photometric tidal radii, or by Sérsic profiles of index ∼1 (i.e. approximately exponential). Most of the classical globulars also have large photometric tidal radii in the range 50-100 parsec; however, the King profile is a less good fit in some cases, particularly at small radii. We find 60 percent of the classical globular clusters exhibit cuspy cores which are reasonably well described by Sérsic profiles of index ∼2-6. Our analysis also reinforces the finding that luminous classical globulars, with half-light radii <10 parsec, are present out to radii of at least 100kpc in M31, which is in contrast to the situation in the Milky Way where such clusters (other than the unusual object NGC 2419) are absent beyond 40kpc. yes yes 2012-05-01 0035-8711 422 1 162 184 23 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20590.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270266 a1ba685f-71d4-4e5a-8e39-f7f86d32f70b Marco Barden aut Boris Häußler aut Chien Yi Peng Peng, Chien Y. aut NSI ISN Daniel H. McIntosh aut Yicheng Guo aut text article eng To automate source detection, two-dimensional light profile Sérsic modelling and catalogue compilation in large survey applications, we introduce a new code Galaxy Analysis over Large Areas: Parameter Assessment by galfitting Objects from SExtractor (galapagos). Based on a single set-up, galapagos can process a complete set of survey images. It detects sources in the data, estimates a local sky background, cuts postage stamp images for all sources, prepares object masks, performs Sérsic fitting including neighbours and compiles all objects in a final output catalogue. For the initial source detection, galapagos applies SExtractor, while galfit is incorporated for modelling Sérsic profiles. It measures the background sky involved in the Sérsic fitting by means of a flux growth curve. galapagos determines postage stamp sizes based on SExtractor shape parameters. In order to obtain precise model parameters, galapagos incorporates a complex sorting mechanism and makes use of modern CPU's multiplexing capabilities. It combines SExtractor and galfit data in a single output table. When incorporating information from overlapping tiles, galapagos automatically removes multiple entries from identical sources. galapagos is programmed in the Interactive Data Language (idl). We test the stability and the ability to properly recover structural parameters extensively with artificial image simulations. Moreover, we apply galapagos successfully to the STAGES data set. For one-orbit Hubble Space Telescope data, a single 2.2-GHz CPU processes about 1000 primary sources per 24h. Note that galapagos results depend critically on the user-defined parameter set-up. This paper provides useful guidelines to help the user make sensible choices. yes yes 2012-05-01 0035-8711 422 1 449 468 20 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20619.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270259 1c5af202-9152-42f7-87d6-c3916bcbe0dc R. Fares aut J.-F. Donati aut C. Moutou aut M. Jardine aut A. C. Cameron aut A. F. Lanza aut David A Bohlender Bohlender, D. aut NSI ISN S. Dieters aut A. F. Martínez Fiorenzano aut A. Maggio aut I. Pagano aut E. L. Shkolnik aut text article eng HD 179949 is an F8V star, orbited by a giant planet at ∼8 R{black star} every 3.092514 d. The system was reported to undergo episodes of stellar activity enhancement modulated by the orbital period, interpreted as caused by star-planet interactions (SPIs). One possible cause of SPIs is the large-scale magnetic field of the host star in which the close-in giant planet orbits. In this paper we present spectropolarimetric observations of HD 179949 during two observing campaigns (2009 September and 2007 June). We detect a weak large-scale magnetic field of a few gauss at the surface of the star. The field configuration is mainly poloidal at both observing epochs. The star is found to rotate differentially, with a surface rotation shear of dΩ= 0.216 ± 0.061 rad d-¹, corresponding to equatorial and polar rotation periods of 7.62 ± 0.07 and 10.3 ± 0.8d, respectively. The coronal field estimated by extrapolating the surface maps resembles a dipole tilted at ∼70°. We also find that the chromospheric activity of HD 179949 is mainly modulated by the rotation of the star, with two clear maxima per rotation period as expected from a highly tilted magnetosphere. In 2009 September, we find that the activity of HD 179949 shows hints of low-amplitude fluctuations with a period close to the beat period of the system. yes yes 2012-06-21 0035-8711 423 2 1006 1017 12 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20780.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270258 a6bfcb0f-e60e-4163-b27f-25ca6512ff54 R. J. De Rosa aut J. Patience aut A. Vigan aut P. A. Wilson aut A. Schneider aut N.J. Mcconnell aut S. J. Wiktorowicz aut Christian Marois Marois, C. aut NSI ISN I. Song aut B. Macintosh aut J. R. Graham aut M. S. Bessell aut R. Doyon aut O. Lai aut text article eng As a part of our ongoing Volume-limited A-Star (VAST) adaptive optics survey, we have obtained observations of 26 binary systems with projected separations <100 au, 13 of which have sufficient historical measurements to allow for refinement of their orbital elements. For each system with an estimated orbit, the dynamical system mass obtained was compared with the system mass estimated from mass-magnitude relations. Discrepancies between the dynamical and theoretical system mass can be explained by the presence of a previously unresolved spectroscopic component or by a non-solar metallicity of the system. Using this approach to infer the presence of additional companions, a lower limit to the fraction of binaries, triples and quadruples can be estimated as 39, 46 and 15per cent for systems with at least one companion within 100 au. The fraction of multiple systems with three or more components shows a relative increase compared to the fraction for solar-type primaries resolved in previous volume-limited surveys. The observations have also revealed a pair of potentially young (<100Myr) M dwarf companions, which would make an ideal benchmark for the theoretical models during the pre-main-sequence contraction phase for M dwarfs. In addition to those systems with orbit fits, we report 13 systems for which further orbital monitoring observations are required, 11 of which are newly resolved as a part of the VAST survey. yes yes 2012-06-01 0035-8711 422 4 2765 2785 21 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.20397.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270257 8a883d51-02fa-46c4-9581-802a675808cb M. C. Wyatt aut G. Kennedy aut B. Sibthorpe aut A. Moro-Martín aut J.-F. Lestrade aut R.J. Ivison aut Brenda Matthews Matthews, B. aut NSI ISN S. Udry aut J. S. Greaves aut P. Kalas aut S. Lawler aut K. Y. L. Su aut G. H. Rieke aut M. Booth aut G. Bryden aut J. Horner aut JJ Kavelaars Kavelaars, J. J. aut NSI ISN D. Wilner aut text article eng This paper describes Herschel observations of the nearby (8.5pc) G5V multi-exoplanet host star 61Vir at 70, 100, 160, 250, 350 and 500m carried out as part of the DEBRIS survey. These observations reveal emission that is significantly extended out to a distance of >15arcsec with a morphology that can be fitted by a nearly edge-on (77° inclination) radially broad (from 30au out to at least 100au) debris disc of fractional luminosity 2.7 × 10^-5, with two additional (presumably unrelated) sources nearby that become more prominent at longer wavelengths. Chance alignment with a background object seen at 1.4GHz provides potential for confusion, however, the star's 1.4 arcsec yr-¹ proper motion allows archival Spitzer 70m images to confirm that what we are interpreting as disc emission really is circumstellar. Although the exact shape of the disc's inner edge is not well constrained, the region inside 30au must be significantly depleted in planetesimals. This is readily explained if there are additional planets outside those already known (i.e. in the 0.5-30au region), but is also consistent with collisional erosion. We also find tentative evidence that the presence of detectable debris around nearby stars correlates with the presence of the lowest mass planets that are detectable in current radial velocity surveys. Out of an unbiased sample of the nearest 60G stars, 11 are known to have planets, of which six (including 61Vir) have planets that are all less massive than Saturn, and four of these have evidence for debris. The debris towards one of these planet hosts (HD20794) is reported here for the first time. This fraction (4/6) is higher than that expected for nearby field stars (15per cent), and implies that systems that form low-mass planets are also able to retain bright debris discs. We suggest that this correlation could arise because such planetary systems are dynamically stable and include regions that are populated with planetesimals in the formation process where the planetesimals can remain unperturbed over Gyr time-scales. yes yes 2012-08-01 0035-8711 424 2 1206 1223 18 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21298.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270256 ab6209fe-0939-41bf-bbe9-a25d746e80ce Bhalchandra Shrikant Pujari Pujari, Bhalchandra S. aut NINT INNT Andrey Vladimir Tokarev Tokarev, Andrey aut NINT INNT Deepashri A. Saraf aut text article eng Using density functional theory we investigate a novel carbon allotrope SqC: a square planar material that can be more than tetracoordinated. Carbon atoms in this 2D square Bravais lattice form an unusual five-center four-electron bond with neighboring four carbon atoms (tetracoordination). Such an electron-deficient bonding leaves an empty orbital which enables penta- or hexa-coordinated carbon atom. Indeed, our simulations demonstrate such penta- and hexa-coordinated configurations upon partial and complete hydrogenation, respectively. Surprisingly, in all the forms SqC shows the metallic character. SqC has the binding energy of 6.7eV and it also satisfies the Born stability criteria. Yet our phonon calculations show that it may only be considered as quasi-stable. yes yes 2012-04-03 0953-8984 24 17 175501 10.1088/0953-8984/24/17/175501 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Institute for Nanotechnology Institut national de nanotechnologie National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270255 0b565d49-31ce-4dc6-9b48-96ffb6c9f6b9 Robert L E (Rob) Pallard Pallard, Robert aut IOT ITO text article eng The National Research Council-Institute for Ocean Technology (NRC-IOT) is Canada's national centre for ocean technology research and development. It was established in 1985 to support the development of innovative technologies in the private sector and to assist oceans-related public initiatives. The Institute's capability is unique to the nation - no other organization offers the combination of knowledge, experience and world-class facilities. Research is conducted on technologies for use in ocean observation, marine safety, Arctic operations and performance evaluation. Major facilities operated by the Institute include a 200-metre Towing Tank, a 75-metre by 32-metre Offshore Engineering Basin, and a 90-metre Ice Tank, the longest in the world. In this essay, author Robert Pallard talks about America's Cup testing that took place at the Institute over a 16-year period. yes yes 2012-03 1718-3200 7 1 1 8 8 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Ocean Technology Institut des technologies océaniques du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270254 fb6aeecf-2d3f-4b9c-8155-be4d231ac9e5 Jeremy Mould aut Tristan Reynolds aut Tony Readhead aut David Floyd aut Buell Jannuzi aut Garret Cotter aut Laura Ferrarese aut NSI ISN Keith Matthews aut David Atlee aut Michael Brown aut text article eng In preparation for a study of their circumnuclear gas we have surveyed 60% of a complete sample of elliptical galaxies within 75 Mpc that are radio sources. Some 20% of our nuclear spectra have infrared emission lines, mostly Paschen lines, Brackett γ, and [Fe II]. We consider the influence of radio power and black hole mass in relation to the spectra. Access to the spectra is provided here as a community resource. yes yes 2012-11-01 0067-0049 203 1 14 10.1088/0067-0049/203/1/14 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270253 3edb2d7e-7b6e-43ee-b4ce-274e3c65905b D. Majaess aut D. Turner aut W. Gieren aut David Balam Balam, D. aut HIA IHA D. Lane aut text article eng New and existing CORAVEL, UBVJHKs, HST, HIP/Tycho, ARO, KPNO, and DAO observations imply that the fundamental Cepheid calibrator ζ Gem is a cluster member. The following parameters were inferred for ζGem from cluster membership and are tied to new spectral classifications (DAO) established for 26 nearby stars (e.g., HD53588/B7.5IV, HD54692/B9.5IV): E B-V = 0.02 ± 0.02, log τ = 7.85 ± 0.15, and d = 355 ± 15 pc. The mean distance to ζ Gem from cluster membership and six recent estimates (e.g., IRSB) is d=363 ± 9(σx)±26(σ) pc. The results presented here support the color-excess and HST parallax derived for the Cepheid by Benedict et al. Forthcoming precise proper motions (DASCH) and Chandra/XMM-Newton observations of the broader field may be employed to identify cluster members, bolster the cluster's existence, and provide stronger constraints on the Cepheid's fundamental parameters. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes yes 2012-02-28 2041-8205 748 1 L9 10.1088/2041-8205/748/1/L9 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270252 348da5c9-c950-42d4-bc90-f15ac176676a A. Pon aut Douglas Johnstone Johnstone, D. aut HIA IHA M. J. Kaufman aut text article eng Giant molecular clouds contain supersonic turbulence and simulations of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence show that these supersonic motions decay in roughly a crossing time, which is less than the estimated lifetimes of molecular clouds. Such a situation requires a significant release of energy. We run models of C-type shocks propagating into gas with densities around 10 3cm -3 at velocities of a fewkms -1, appropriate for the ambient conditions inside of a molecular cloud, to determine which species and transitions dominate the cooling and radiative energy release associated with shock cooling of turbulent molecular clouds. We find that these shocks dissipate their energy primarily through CO rotational transitions and by compressing pre-existing magnetic fields. We present model spectra for these shocks, and by combining these models with estimates for the rate of turbulent energy dissipation, we show that shock emission should dominate over emission from unshocked gas for mid to high rotational transitions (J > 5) of CO. We also find that the turbulent energy dissipation rate is roughly equivalent to the cosmic-ray heating rate and that the ambipolar diffusion heating rate may be significant, especially in shocked gas. yes yes 2012-03-01 0004-637X 748 1 25 10.1088/0004-637X/748/1/25 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270248 4a44fc4d-57eb-4dbe-b2a5-e26c888cb033 Ryan Leaman aut Kim A. Venn aut Alyson M. Brooks aut Giuseppina Battaglia aut Andrew A. Cole aut Rodrigo A. Ibata aut Mike J. Irwin aut Alan McConnachie McConnachie, Alan W. aut NSI ISN J. Trevor Mendel aut Eline Tolstoy aut text article eng We present spectroscopic data for 180 red giant branch (RGB) stars in the isolated dwarf irregular galaxy Wolf-Lundmark-Mellote (WLM). Observations of the calcium II triplet lines in spectra of RGB stars covering the entire galaxy were obtained with FORS2 at the Very Large Telescope and DEIMOS on Keck II, allowing us to derive velocities, metallicities, and ages for the stars. With accompanying photometric and radio data we have measured the structural parameters of the stellar and gaseous populations over the full galaxy. The stellar populations show an intrinsically thick configuration with 0.39 ≤ q 0 ≤ 0.57. The stellar rotation in WLM is measured to be 17 ± 1 km s-¹; however, the ratio of rotation to pressure support for the stars is V/σ 1, in contrast to the gas, whose ratio is seven times larger. This, along with the structural data and alignment of the kinematic and photometric axes, suggests we are viewing WLM as a highly inclined oblate spheroid. Stellar rotation curves, corrected for asymmetric drift, are used to compute a dynamical mass of (4.3 ± 0.3) × 10^8 M ☉ at the half-light radius (r h = 1656 ± 49pc). The stellar velocity dispersion increases with stellar age in a manner consistent with giant molecular cloud and substructure interactions producing the heating in WLM. Coupled with WLM's isolation, this suggests that the extended vertical structure of its stellar and gaseous components and increase in stellar velocity dispersion with age are due to internal feedback, rather than tidally driven evolution. These represent some of the first observational results from an isolated Local Group dwarf galaxy that can offer important constraints on how strongly internal feedback and secular processes modulate star formation and dynamical evolution in low-mass isolated objects. © 2012 The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes yes 2012-04-13 0004-637X 750 1 33 10.1088/0004-637X/750/1/33 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270247 82e21769-4e65-4c9b-bba9-28fbbdba71cc D. Majaess aut D. G. Turner aut L. Gallo aut W. Gieren aut C. Bonatto aut D.J. Lane aut David Balam Balam, D. aut NSI ISN L. Berdnikov aut text article eng New X-ray (XMM-Newton) and JHK s (Observatoire du Mont-Mégantic) observations for members of the star cluster Alessi 95, which Turner etal. discovered hosts the classical Cepheid SU Cas, were used in tandem with UCAC3 (proper motion) and Two Micron All Sky Survey observations to determine precise cluster parameters: E(J - H) = 0.08 ± 0.02 and d = 405 ± 15 pc. The ensuing consensus among cluster, pulsation, and trigonometric distances (d=414±5((σx)±10((σ) pc) places SU Cas in a select group of nearby fundamental Cepheid calibrators (δ Cep, ζ Gem). High-resolution X-ray observations may be employed to expand that sample as the data proved pertinent for identifying numerous stars associated with SU Cas. Acquiring X-ray observations of additional fields may foster efforts to refine Cepheid calibrations used to constrain H 0. yes yes 2012-06-22 0004-637X 753 2 144 10.1088/0004-637X/753/2/144 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270246 96c7c9a1-6f64-4400-9420-0d16838c30d1 Andrew (Andy) Pon Pon, Andy aut NSI ISN Jesús A. Toalá aut Douglas Johnstone Johnstone, Doug aut NSI ISN Enrique Vázquez-Semadeni aut Fabian Heitsch aut Gilberto C. Gómez aut text article eng We investigate the collapse of non-spherical substructures, such as sheets and filaments, which are ubiquitous in molecular clouds. Such non-spherical substructures collapse homologously in their interiors but are influenced by an edge effect that causes their edges to be preferentially accelerated. We analytically compute the homologous collapse timescales of the interiors of uniform-density, self-gravitating filaments and find that the homologous collapse timescale scales linearly with the aspect ratio. The characteristic timescale for an edge-driven collapse mode in a filament, however, is shown to have a square-root dependence on the aspect ratio. For both filaments and circular sheets, we find that selective edge acceleration becomes more important with increasing aspect ratio. In general, we find that lower dimensional objects and objects with larger aspect ratios have longer collapse timescales. We show that estimates for star formation rates, based upon gas densities, can be overestimated by an order of magnitude if the geometry of a cloud is not taken into account. yes yes ISM: clouds; ISM: structure; stars: formation 2012-08-23 0004-637X 756 2 145 10.1088/0004-637X/756/2/145 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270245 c255f487-b792-4a98-9dd8-fd23909f4b90 A. R. Conn aut R. A. Ibata aut G. F. Lewis aut Q. A. Parker aut D. B. Zucker aut N. F. Martin aut Alan McConnachie McConnachie, A. W. aut NSI ISN M. J. Irwin aut N. Tanvir aut M. A. Fardal aut A. M. N. Ferguson aut S. C. Chapman aut D. Valls-Gabaud aut text article eng In "A Bayesian Approach to Locating the Red Giant Branch Tip Magnitude (Part I)," a new technique was introduced for obtaining distances using the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) standard candle. Here we describe a useful complement to the technique with the potential to further reduce the uncertainty in our distance measurements by incorporating a matched-filter weighting scheme into the model likelihood calculations. In this scheme, stars are weighted according to their probability of being true object members. We then re-test our modified algorithm using random-realization artificial data to verify the validity of the generated posterior probability distributions (PPDs) and proceed to apply the algorithm to the satellite system of M31, culminating in a three-dimensional view of the system. Further to the distributions thus obtained, we apply a satellite-specific prior on the satellite distances to weight the resulting distance posterior distributions, based on the halo density profile. Thus in a single publication, using a single method, a comprehensive coverage of the distances to the companion galaxies of M31 is presented, encompassing the dwarf spheroidals Andromedas I-III, V, IX-XXVII, and XXX along with NGC147, NGC185, M33, and M31 itself. Of these, the distances to Andromedas XXIV-XXVII and Andromeda XXX have never before been derived using the TRGB. Object distances are determined from high-resolution tip magnitude posterior distributions generated using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique and associated sampling of these distributions to take into account uncertainties in foreground extinction and the absolute magnitude of the TRGB as well as photometric errors. The distance PPDs obtained for each object both with and without the aforementioned prior are made available to the reader in tabular form. The large object coverage takes advantage of the unprecedented size and photometric depth of the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey. Finally, a preliminary investigation into the satellite density distribution within the halo is made using the obtained distance distributions. For simplicity, this investigation assumes a single power law for the density as a function of radius, with the slope of this power law examined for several subsets of the entire satellite sample. yes yes 2012-09-20 0004-637X 758 1 11 10.1088/0004-637X/758/1/11 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270244 be059eb4-4285-40e4-b2e9-0cbb90e3096e Katherine Lee aut Leslie Looney aut Douglas Johnstone Johnstone, Doug aut NSI ISN John Tobin aut text article eng Filamentary structures are ubiquitous from large-scale molecular clouds (a few parsecs) to small-scale circumstellar envelopes around Class 0 sources (∼1000 AU to ∼0.1 pc). In particular, recent observations with the Herschel Space Observatory emphasize the importance of large-scale filaments (a few parsecs) and star formation. The small-scale flattened envelopes around Class 0 sources are reminiscent of the large-scale filaments. We propose an observationally derived scenario for filamentary star formation that describes the evolution of filaments as part of the process for formation of cores and circumstellar envelopes. If such a scenario is correct, small-scale filamentary structures (0.1 pc in length) with higher densities embedded in starless cores should exist, although to date almost all the interferometers have failed to observe such structures. We perform synthetic observations of filaments at the prestellar stage by modeling the known Class 0 flattened envelope in L1157 using both the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA) and the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA). We show that with reasonable estimates for the column density through the flattened envelope, the CARMA D array at 3 mm wavelengths is not able to detect such filamentary structure, so previous studies would not have detected them. However, the substructures may be detected with the CARMA D+E array at 3 mm and the CARMA E array at 1 mm as a result of more appropriate resolution and sensitivity. ALMA is also capable of detecting the substructures and showing the structures in detail compared to the CARMA results with its unprecedented sensitivity. Such detection will confirm the new proposed paradigm of non-spherical star formation. yes yes 2012-12-05 0004-637X 761 2 171 10.1088/0004-637X/761/2/171 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270243 6379411e-b9c7-4dc8-aabd-d5f47c36b4a2 Stephen Gwyn Gwyn, Stephen D. J. aut HIA IHA text article eng This paper describes the image stacks and catalogs of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey produced using the MegaPipe data pipeline at the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre. The Legacy Survey is divided into two parts. The Deep Survey consists of four fields each of 1 deg^2, with magnitude limits (50% completeness for point sources) of u = 27.5, g = 27.9, r = 27.7, i = 27.4, and z = 26.2. It contains 1.6 × 10^6 sources. The Wide Survey consists of 150 deg^2 split over four fields, with magnitude limits of u = 26.0, g = 26.5, r = 25.9, i = 25.7, and z = 24.6. It contains 3 × 10^7 sources. This paper describes the calibration, image stacking, and catalog generation process. The images and catalogs are available on the web through several interfaces: normal image and text file catalog downloads, a "Google Sky" interface, an image cutout service, and a catalog database query service. © 2012. National Research Council Canada. All rights reserved. yes yes 2012-01-12 0004-6256 143 2 38 10.1088/0004-6256/143/2/38 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270242 6b5f5b31-81d7-4c2e-bab1-f0c5f8ad703a Alan McConnachie McConnachie, Alan W. aut NSI ISN text article eng Positional, structural, and dynamical parameters for all dwarf galaxies in and around the Local Group are presented, and various aspects of our observational understanding of this volume-limited sample are discussed. Over 100 nearby galaxies that have distance estimates reliably placing them within 3Mpc of the Sun are identified. This distance threshold samples dwarfs in a large range of environments, from the satellite systems of the MW and M31, to the quasi-isolated dwarfs in the outer regions of the Local Group, to the numerous isolated galaxies that are found in its surroundings. It extends to, but does not include, the galaxies associated with the next nearest groups, such as Maffei, Sculptor, and IC 342. Our basic knowledge of this important galactic subset and their resolved stellar populations will continue to improve dramatically over the coming years with existing and future observational capabilities, and they will continue to provide the most detailed information available on numerous aspects of dwarf galaxy formation and evolution. Basic observational parameters, such as distances, velocities, magnitudes, mean metallicities, as well as structural and dynamical characteristics, are collated, homogenized (as far as possible), and presented in tables that will be continually updated to provide a convenient and current online resource. As well as discussing the provenance of the tabulated values and possible uncertainties affecting their usage, the membership and spatial extent of the MW sub-group, M31 sub-group, and the Local Group are explored. The morphological diversity of the entire sample and notable sub-groups is discussed, and timescales are derived for the Local Group members in the context of their orbital/interaction histories. The scaling relations and mean stellar metallicity trends defined by the dwarfs are presented, and the origin of a possible "floor" in central surface brightness (and, more speculatively, stellar mean metallicity) at faint magnitudes is considered. © 2012. National Research Council Canada. All rights reserved. yes yes 2012-06-04 0004-6256 144 1 4 10.1088/0004-6256/144/1/4 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270241 f27c6420-c060-4129-b0cc-8f7812602223 E. M. W. Tsang aut Steven Holdcroft Holdcroft, S. aut EME EME text chapter eng Polymer microstructure and morphology are critical to the design of proton exchange membranes for fuel cells, as are synthetic methodologies for accessing well-defined polymers with controlled architectures and molecular weights. In this chapter, the synthesis of vinyl-based polymers bearing strong acid groups is considered, together with ion aggregation, phase separation, water sorption, and proton conductivity. Proton-conducting polymers are distinguished according to their microstructure into subheadings of random, block, and graft copolymers. The formation, dimensions, and connectivity of ionic pathways are consistently found to play a profound role in determining both water sorption and proton conductivity. This chapter addresses the significant research that has been carried out to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of relationships between polymer architecture, morphology, and electrolytic properties. yes yes 2012 10 vols. 9780080878621 10 651 689 39 10.1016/B978-0-444-53349-4.00285-5 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Energy, Mining and Environment Énergie, mines et environnement National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270240 4b418879-0714-4a3b-8207-4931caee044b Audrey Charlebois aut Louis-Alexandre Jalbert aut Josée Harel aut Luke Masson aut HHT TSH Marie Archambault aut text article eng Phenotypic bacitracin resistance has been reported in Clostridium perfringens. However, the genes responsible for the resistance have not yet been characterized. Ninety-nine C. perfringens isolates recovered from broilers and turkeys were tested for phenotypic bacitracin resistance. Bacitracin MIC90 (>256 μg/ml) was identical for both turkey and chicken isolates; whereas MIC50 was higher in turkey isolates (6 μg/ml) than in chicken isolates (3 μg/ml). Twenty-four of the 99 isolates showed high-level bacitracin resistance (MIC breakpoint >256 μg/ml) and the genes encoding for this resistance were characterized in C. perfringens c1261_A strain using primer walking. Sequence analysis and percentages of amino acid identity revealed putative genes encoding for both an ABC transporter and an overproduced undecaprenol kinase in C. perfringens c1261_A strain. These two mechanisms were shown to be both encoded by the putative bcrABD operon under the control of a regulatory gene, bcrR. Efflux pump inhibitor thioridazine was shown to increase significantly the susceptibility of strain c1261_A to bacitracin. Upstream and downstream from the bcr cluster was an IS1216-like element, which may play a role in the dissemination of this resistance determinant. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with prior double digestion with I-CeuI/MluI enzymes followed by hybridization analyses revealed that the bacitracin resistance genes bcrABDR were located on the chromosome. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that this gene cluster is expressed under bacitracin stress. Microarray analysis revealed the presence of these genes in all bacitracin resistant strains. This study reports the discovery of genes encoding for a putative ABC transporter and an overproduced undecaprenol kinase associated with high-level bacitracin resistance in C. perfringens isolates from turkeys and broiler chickens. yes yes ABC transporter bacitracin phosphotransferase thioridazine undecaprenol kinase amino acid sequence antibiotic resistance bacterial strain bacterium isolate bcrABDR gene bcrR gene broiler Clostridium perfringens gene cluster gene identification gene location gene overexpression gene sequence microarray analysis minimum inhibitory concentration morphological trait nucleotide sequence operon pulsed field gel electrophoresis quantitative study regulator gene reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction Clostridium perfringens Drug Resistance, Microbial Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field Genes, Bacterial Microbial Sensitivity Tests Molecular Sequence Data Nucleic Acid Hybridization Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis Plasmids Clostridium perfringens Gallus gallus 2012-09-06 1932-6203 7 9 e44449 10.1371/journal.pone.0044449 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Human Health Therapeutics Thérapeutiques en santé humaine National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270238 7283f29b-7cc5-4e44-a55d-654a4de6ff80 Jaron G. Van Dijken aut Michael Julian Brett Brett, Michael J. aut SDT TSR text article eng We investigate the evolution of copper phthalocyanine thin films as they are etched with argon plasma. Significant morphological changes occur as a result of the ion bombardment; a planar surface quickly becomes an array of nanopillars which are less than 20 nm in diameter. The changes in morphology are independent of plasma power, which controls the etch rate only. Analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that surface concentrations of copper and oxygen increase with etch time, while carbon and nitrogen are depleted. Despite these changes in surface stoichiometry, we observe no effect on the work function. The absorbance and X-ray diffraction spectra show no changes other than the peaks diminishing with etch time. These findings have important implications for organic photovoltaic devices which seek nanopillar thin films of metal phthalocyanine materials as an optimal structure. yes yes carbon copper indole derivative nitrogen organometallic compound oxygen phthalocyanine copper article chemistry gas laser surface property X ray photoelectron spectroscopy Carbon Copper Indoles Lasers, Gas Nitrogen Organometallic Compounds Oxygen Photoelectron Spectroscopy Surface Properties 2012-08-24 1420-3049 17 9 10119 10130 12 10.3390/molecules170910119 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270236 17073649-7a2b-4263-a47f-5fd633a21084 Tasneem Shariff aut IAR IRA Xinjin Cao aut IAR IRA Richard Chromik aut Javad Gholipour Baradari aut IAR IRA Priti Wanjara aut IAR IRA Jonathan Cuddy aut Anand Birur aut 7th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials, THERMEC'2011, August 1-5, 2011, Quebec, QC, Canada text article eng In this study, specific energy was calculated and correlated with the geometries, defects, microstructures, hardness values and tensile properties of the laser welded Ti-5553 alloy. It was found that specific energy is a good parameter to characterize the laser welding process. yes yes Hardness values ND : YAG lasers Specific energy Ti-5553 Welding process Alloys Cerium alloys Chromium alloys Molybdenum Neodymium lasers Titanium Vanadium Welding Titanium alloys Neodymium lasers 2012-01 9783037853030 24 2931 2936 6 0255-5476 706-709 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.706-709.2931 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Aerospace Research Institut de recherche aérospatiale du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270235 540e4d79-089f-4a82-936e-8003263f4f89 Cibele Melo Halmenschlager aut EME EME Maita De Angelis KorbRoberto aut Roberto Neagu aut EME EME Carlos Pérez Bergmann aut Célia de Fraga Malfatti aut 8th International Latin-American Conference on Powder Technology, November 6-9, 2011, Florianópolis, Brazi text article eng The development of solid oxide fuel cell with thin film concepts for an electrode supported design based on the yttria-stabilized zirconia has demonstrated favourable results due to its high chemistry stability in oxidization and environment reduction. The spray pyrolysis process was investigated in order to obtain dense thin films of YSZ on different substrates. The precursor solution was obtained by zirconium and yttrium salt dissolutions in a mixture of water and glycerine in several ratios to study the solvent influence. The substrate was initially heated at 600 °C and during the deposition it ranged from 260-350°C, finishing at a fast increase in temperature of 600°C. The heat treatment was carried out in four different temperatures: 700 °C, 750 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °. The precursors were characterized by thermal analysis. The microstructures of the films were studied using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results obtained showed that the films obtained were crystalline before the heat treatment process and have shown ionic conductivity above 800°C. yes yes Dense thin films Different substrates Heat treatment process Nano-structured Oxidization Precursor solutions Pyrolysis process Salt dissolution Solvent influence YSZ thin films Glycerol Scanning electron microscopy Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) Spray pyrolysis Thermoanalysis X ray diffraction Yttria stabilized zirconia Yttrium Zirconia Zirconium Vapor deposition 2012-08-24 9783037854907 873 878 6 0255-5476 727-728 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.727-728.873 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Energy, Mining and Environment Énergie, mines et environnement National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270234 1e40f8ca-fb38-4229-89e5-4af2ee3d8e72 Mohammad Ali Mohammad aut Kolattukudy Poulose Santo aut SDT TSR Steven K. Dew aut Maria Stepanova aut SDT TSR text article eng Exposure of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) during electron beam lithography (EBL) produces small polymer fragments that dissolve rapidly during the development process. The resist dissolution behavior varies greatly depending on the nature of the developer (solvent) and therefore influences the selection of the EBL parameters, such as dose (sensitivity). A molecular scale examination of the development process is necessary to elucidate the resist-developer interaction mechanisms. In this work, the authors investigate the interaction of short PMMA chains (containing up to 10 MMA units) with common developer components methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and isopropyl alcohol (IPA). For this purpose, the authors conduct molecular dynamics simulations using the Accelrys Materials Studio package. The simulation results were used to characterize the mixtures in the spirit of the Flory-Huggins theory of polymers and also to extract the diffusivities. The authors found that the behavior of PMMA fragments differed considerably in MIBK as compared with IPA. PMMA fragments containing more than three monomers exhibit stronger attractive interaction with MIBK. For all fragment sizes simulated, the diffusivity of PMMA fragments is 60-160 higher in MIBK as well. Similarly, the authors observed differences in the gyration radii. The authors conclude that the kinetic factor seems to be more significant as compared to affinity factor when accounting for differences in exposure sensitivities due to developer selection. yes yes Development process Dissolution behavior Exposure sensitivity Flory-Huggins theory Fragment sizes Gyration radii Interaction mechanisms Isopropyl alcohols Kinetic factors Materials Studio Methyl isobutyl ketone Molecular dynamics simulations Molecular scale Polymer fragments Electron beam lithography Ketones Molecular dynamics Organic compounds Polyesters Polymers Acrylic monomers 2012-11-09 1071-1023 30 6 06FF11 10.1116/1.4766318 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270233 28580cff-41ef-44e8-bcbd-69dfa9684891 J. B. Sorge aut M. T. Taschuk aut N. G. Wakefield aut J. C. Sit aut Michael Julian Brett Brett, M. J. aut NINT INNT text article eng Glancing angle deposition (GLAD) is a thin film deposition technique capable of fabricating columnar architectures such as posts, helices, and chevrons with control over nanoscale film features. Argon bombardment during deposition modifies the GLAD process, producing films with new morphologies which have shown promise for sensing and photonic devices. The authors report modification of column tilt angle, film density, and specific surface area for 12 different metal oxide and fluoride film materials deposited using Ar-assisted GLAD. For the vapor flux/ion beam geometry and materials studied here, with increasing argon flux, the column tilt increases, film density increases, and specific surface area decreases. With a better understanding of the nature of property modification and the mechanisms responsible, the Ar-assisted deposition process can be more effectively targeted towards specific applications, including birefringent thin films or photonic crystal square spirals. © 2012 American Vacuum Society. yes yes Argon flux Beam geometry Birefringent thin films Columnar architectures Deposition process Film density Film materials Glancing Angle Deposition Metal oxides Nanoscale films Thin-film deposition technique Tilt angle Vapor fluxes Metallic compounds Photonic crystals Specific surface area Morphology 2012-02-22 0734-2101 30 2 21507 10.1116/1.3687204 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Institute for Nanotechnology Institut national de nanotechnologie National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270232 4ee0f305-ea98-493a-af2c-b28a345f33a5 Jaron G. Van Dijken aut Michael Julian Brett Brett, Michael J. aut SDT TSR text article eng The authors demonstrate the formation of vertically aligned indium tin oxide (ITO) nanopillars by exposing planar ITO films to Ar plasma, the conditions of which determine the size, spacing, and aspect ratio of the pillars. Annealing in air and forming gas is used to recover and optimize the optical transmittance and electrical conductivity of the nanopillar films. The final product is an ITO film whose superior optical transmittance and strong electrical conductivity combine with its robust columnar morphology and processing scalability to make it suitable for use in highly absorbing organic solar cells. yes yes Ar plasmas Argon plasma etching Columnar morphology Electrical conductivity Forming gas Indium tin oxide ITO electrodes ITO films Nanopillars Organic solar cell Vertically aligned Electric conductivity Opacity Tin oxides Nanostructures 2012-06-15 0734-2101 30 4 40606 10.1116/1.4729592 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270231 044355a0-50c8-4472-bf80-c41c68a75713 Yuzhi Yollanda Hao Hao, Yuzhi aut SDT TSR Xiaoyan Yang aut Yongzhong Shi aut James Xing aut Janet Marowitch aut Jianmin Chen aut Jie Chen aut SDT TSR text article eng In this paper, fluoresce in isothiocyanate (FITC) was covalently bonded with magnetic single-walled carbon nanotubes (mSWCNTs) that were purified using our previous method. To demonstrate our design, mSWCNT-FITC was delivered into plant cells (canola and carrot cells) driven by external magnetic forces. From FACS results, the FITC delivery efficiency was about 100% for both two canola and carrot protoplasts, which were further confirmed by the confocal and sectional TEM images. Some mSWCNTs were found trapped both inside the endosomes of canola protoplast and outside endosome near the nuclear membrane of carrot protoplast according to the sectional TEM images. All results showed that mSWCNT is a good delivery carrier for biomolecules. yes yes Covalently bonded Endosomes FITC Delivery Fluorescein isothiocyanate Magnetic force Magnetic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) Nuclear membranes Plant cells Protoplast of Canola and Carrot TEM images Cell membranes Plant cell culture Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCN) 2012-08 1533-4880 12 8 6287 6293 7 10.1166/jnn.2012.6449 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270230 2fc29e6c-1675-4e3c-8ad5-9751c6419f2d Yuzhi Yollanda Hao Hao, Yuzhi aut SDT TSR Steven Song aut Xiaoyan Yang aut James Xing aut Jie Chen aut SDT TSR text article eng In this article, we report a new method\-a sonication method to disperse iron oxide nanoparticles into smaller nanoparticles and make gold ions absorb onto the surface or trapped in the micropores of the iron oxide nanoparticles using sonication action. By using quick reduction of ascorbic acid and post-HCl solution treatment, gold covered magnetic nanoparticles (mGNPs) with spherical morphology and uniform size were synthesized in a water solution. The size of the mGNPs was found to be 20-30 nm. Some ideal mGNPs possessed a core-shell structure. The mGNPs were non-cytotoxic and mGNP-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) can enter KG-1 cells when driven by an external magnetic force, which was confirmed by confocal imaging. The confocal image also showed the FITC inside the KG-1 cells was near the nucleus. The fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) delivery efficiency is about 100% according to the flow cytometry results. yes yes Confocal imaging Core shell structure Iron oxide nanoparticle Isothiocyanates Magnetic force Magnetic nanoparticles Micropores Solution treatments Sonication method Spherical morphologies Flow cytometry Metal nanoparticles Organic acids Synthesis (chemical) fluorescein isothiocyanate atomic force microscopy confocal microscopy fluorescence microscopy 2012 1533-4880 12 10 7716 7722 7 10.1166/jnn.2012.6647 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270229 11c53ebf-4b5b-4e08-a29e-a9652970c616 Elmira Memarzadeh Lotfabad Memarzadeh, Elmira L. aut NINT INNT Willem Peter (Peter) Kalisvaart Kalisvaart, W. Peter aut NINT INNT Alireza Kohandehghan aut NINT INNT Beniamin Zahiri-Sabzevar Zahiri, Beniamin aut NINT INNT Christopher Michael Bjustrom Holt Holt, Chris M. B. aut NINT INNT David Mitlin aut NINT INNT text article eng We investigated the effect of aluminum coating layers and of the support growth substrates on the electrochemical performance of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) used as negative electrodes in lithium ion battery half-cells. Extensive TEM and SEM analysis was utilized to detail the cycling induced morphology changes in both the Al-SiNW nanocomposites and in the baseline SiNWs. We observed an improved cycling performance in the Si nanowires that were coated with 3 and 8 wt.% aluminum. After 50 cycles, both the bare and the 3 wt.% Al coated nanowires retained 2600 mAh/g capacity. However beyond 50 cycles, the coated nanowires showed higher capacity as well as better capacity retention with respect to the first cycle. Our hypothesis is that the nanoscale yet continuous electrochemically active aluminum shell places the Si nanowires in compression, reducing the magnitude of their cracking/disintegration and the subsequent loss of electrical contact with the electrode. We combined impedance spectroscopy with microscopy analysis to demonstrate how the Al coating affects the solid electrolyte interface (SEI). A similar thickness alumina (Al 2O 3) coating, grown via atomic layer deposition (ALD), was shown not to be as effective in reducing the long-term capacity loss. We demonstrate that an electrically conducting TiN barrier layer present between the nanowires and the underlying stainless steel current collector leads to a higher specific capacity during cycling and a significantly improved coulombic efficiency. Using TiN the irreversible capacity loss was only 6.9% from the initial 3581 mAh/g, while the first discharge (lithiation) capacity loss was only 4%. This is one of the best combinations reported in literature. yes yes Al coatings Barrier layers Capacity loss Capacity retention Coulombic efficiency Current collector Cycling performance Electrical contacts Electrochemical performance First cycle First discharge Growth substrates Impedance spectroscopy Irreversible capacity loss Lithiation Lithium-ion battery Morphology changes SEM analysis Silicon nanowires Solid electrolyte interfaces Specific capacities Alumina Atomic layer deposition Electrochemical electrodes Lithium batteries Lithium compounds Nanocomposites Solid electrolytes Tinning Titanium nitride 2012-02-24 0959-9428 22 14 6655 6668 14 10.1039/c2jm16167b National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Institute for Nanotechnology Institut national de nanotechnologie National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270227 07b5a687-ba83-419d-924b-bc80ffd786ca J. Z. Xing aut L. Zhu aut B. Huang aut Jie Chen Chen, J. aut SDT TSR S. Gabos aut text article eng Aims: To develop a novel Vero cell assay that implements a real-time cell electronic sensing (RT-CES) system for the determination of the presence of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC). The assay overcomes the major drawbacks in conventional Vero cell assay, for example, labour-intensive and time-consuming. Methods and Results: Cells were grown onto the surfaces of microelectronic sensors that are integrated into the bottom surfaces of the microtiter plate. Cellular viability was monitored in real-time and quantified based on changes in the sensor's electrical impedance. For cell viability measurement, the data generated on the RT-CES system correlated well with those obtained by the Vero cell assay for Verotoxins. To assess cytotoxicity, test cells growing on microelectronic sensors were treated with either supernatant from pure cultures, or stool samples. The specific neutralizing antibodies of VT1 and VT2 were used to identify specific toxins in the samples. Conclusions: The RT-CES assay provides a sensitive measurement comparable to conventional crystal violet assay. The assay has been successfully and specifically used to identify VTEC in human faecal samples. Significance and Impact of the Study: The RT-CES assay significantly shortens the testing time from 48 to 72h required by the crystal violet assay to only 15h with automated operation. yes yes Escherichia coli; real-time cell electronic sensing assay; vero cell assay; verotoxin assay 2012-08 1364-5072 113 2 429 437 9 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05321.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270226 d5c0741a-0f7f-4d01-8935-2f5dd4920a29 Mohammad Ali Mohammad aut Kirill Koshelev aut SDT TSR Taras Fito aut SDT TSR David Ai Zhi Zheng aut Maria Stepanova aut SDT TSR Steven Dew aut text article eng ZEP brand electron beam resists are well-known for their high sensitivity and etch durability. The various performance metrics such as sensitivity, contrast, and resolution of ZEP resist depend strongly on the development process. In this work, we investigate the development of ZEP-520 resist through contrast curves, dense gratings, and surface roughness measurements using three different classes of developer systems of varying solvation strength, ZED-N50, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK): isopropyl alcohol (IPA) 1:3, and IPA: H 2O 7:3, at the ambient temperature (22 °C) and cold (°15 °C) development conditions. In order to provide a deeper insight into the ZEP development process, we propose a novel kinetic model of dissolution for ZEP, and develop an efficient analytical method that allows determining the microscopic parameters of ZEP dissolution based on experimental contrast curves. We also observe experimentally and characterize the negative tone behavior of ZEP for dense grating patterning and compare its performance with positive tone behavior. yes yes Analytical method Dense gratings Development process Electron beam resist High resolution High sensitivity Isopropyl alcohols Kinetic models Methyl isobutyl ketone Microscopic parameter Negative tones Performance metrics Positive tone Electron beams Ketones Dissolution 2012-06-12 0021-4922 51 6 2 06FC05 10.1143/JJAP.51.06FC05 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270225 44c7c328-0848-4e2b-b923-12f8441cfc99 Richard P. N. Veregin aut Michael S. Hawkins aut Qingbin Li aut SDT TSR Sergey Gusarov aut SDT TSR Andriy Kovalenko aut SDT TSR 28th International Conference on Digital Printing Technologies, NIP 2012 and Digital Fabrication 2012, September 9-13, 2012, Quebec, QC, Canada text article eng The surface states model is successful in predicting many salient features of charge transfer in insulative materials, which is critical to electrophotography. This paper will discuss how the surface chemistry controls the physics, the chemical potentials, and how it fits the surface states model. The interrelationship of acid-base Ka/Kb values of the materials in contact, measured by IGC (inverse gas chromatography), the HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbitals) and LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals) and their excited states calculated using DFT (density functional theory) quantum mechanical modeling, the chemical potentials measured by the Kelvin method, and triboelectric charging data are studied. It will be shown that a precursor complex of the contacting materials, prior to the charge transfer event, can be calculated by DFT to predict both qualitatively and quantitatively triboelectric charging. The work focuses on PTFE, Kynar and PMMA polymers, as well as silica, titania and alumina. yes yes Electronic charges Electrophotography Highest occupied molecular orbital Inverse gas chromatography Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Precursor complexes Quantum-mechanical modeling Triboelectric charging Alumina Chemical potential Density functional theory Gas chromatography Molecular orbitals Photography Quantum theory Silica Surface chemistry Surface states Charge transfer 2012-12-01 9780892083022 360 363 4 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270224 b7e5fe34-a2a8-4473-917d-13f39f04b35f Rupasri Mandal aut An Chi Guo aut Kruti K. Chaudhary aut Philip Liu aut Faizath S. Yallou aut Edison Dong aut Farid Aziat aut David Wishart Wishart, David S. aut SDT TSR text article eng Background: Human cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) is known to be a rich source of small molecule biomarkers for neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. In 2007, we conducted a comprehensive metabolomic study and performed a detailed literature review on metabolites that could be detected (via metabolomics or other techniques) in CSF. A total of 308 detectable metabolites were identified, of which only 23% were shown to be routinely identifiable or quantifiable with the metabolomics technologies available at that time. The continuing advancement in analytical technologies along with the growing interest in CSF metabolomics has led us to re-visit the human CSF metabolome and to re-assess both its size and the level of coverage than can be achieved with today's technologies.Methods: We used five analytical platforms, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), direct flow injection-mass spectrometry (DFI-MS/MS) and inductively coupled plasmas-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to perform quantitative metabolomics on multiple human CSF samples. This experimental work was complemented with an extensive literature review to acquire additional information on reported CSF compounds, their concentrations and their disease associations.Results: NMR, GC-MS and LC-MS methods allowed the identification and quantification of 70 CSF metabolites (as previously reported). DFI-MS/MS allowed the quantification of 78 metabolites (6 acylcarnitines, 13 amino acids, hexose, 42 phosphatidylcholines, 2 lyso-phosphatidylcholines and 14 sphingolipids), while ICP-MS provided quantitative results for 33 metal ions in CSF. Literature analysis led to the identification of 57 more metabolites. In total, 476 compounds have now been confirmed to exist in human CSF.Conclusions: The use of improved metabolomic and other analytical techniques has led to a 54% increase in the known size of the human CSF metabolome over the past 5 years. Commonly available metabolomic methods, when combined, can now routinely identify and quantify 36% of the 'detectable' human CSF metabolome. Our experimental works measured 78 new metabolites that, as per our knowledge, have not been reported to be present in human CSF. An updated CSF metabolome database containing the complete set of 476 human CSF compounds, their concentrations, related literature references and links to their known disease associations is freely available at the CSF metabolome database. yes yes acylcarnitine amino acid hexose lyso phosphatidylcholine derivative phosphatidylcholine sphingolipid unclassified drug article cerebrospinal fluid direct flow injection mass spectrometry human liquid chromatography mass fragmentography mass spectrometry metabolite metabolome nuclear magnetic resonance priority journal 2012-04-30 1756-994X 4 4 38 10.1186/gm337 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270223 de9e3e4d-dbb6-41ec-96d4-1288a8d04070 Doug Henke aut NSI ISN Nianhua (Frank) Jiang Jiang, Frank aut NSI ISN Stéphane Claude aut NSI ISN 2012 42nd European Microwave Conference, EuMC 2012 - Held as Part of 15th European Microwave Week, EuMW 2012, October 29 - November 1, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng Hybrid cryogenic low-noise amplifiers are often enclosed in a metallic housing with several bias channels. Strict machining tolerance is necessary for solid clamping of the lid to avoid degradation in performance. A new packaging is proposed by applying photonic bandgap (PBG) structures; which greatly relaxes the tolerance on clamping' results in natural bias channels' suppresses higher order modes' and creates wide open access for assembly. yes yes Higher-order modes Open Access Photonic band-gap structures Photonic bandgap (PBG) Cryogenics Microwave amplifiers Microwaves Millimeter wave devices Packaging Periodic structures Spontaneous emission Low noise amplifiers 2012 978-2-87487-026-2 978-1-4673-2215-7 978-2-87487-027-9 6459085 1003 1006 4 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270222 e3182650-e073-4c12-852f-1dbcd8b2ce37 Lyubov V. Titova aut Tyler L. Cocker aut Xiongyao Wang aut SDT TSR Alkiviathes (Al) Meldrum Meldrum, Al aut SDT TSR Frank A. Hegmann aut 2nd International Symposium on Nanoscale Luminescent Materials - 221st ECS Meeting, May 6-10, 2012, Seattle, WA, USA text article eng We have applied time-resolved THz spectroscopy to probe the transient photoexcited carrier dynamics and THz conductivity in Si nanocrystal films with varying silicon volume filling fractions and nanocrystal sizes on picosecond time scales. The THz conductivity reveals microscopic carrier motion with significant interface scattering within nanocrystals as well as percolative transport between nanocrystals. The time variation of the THz conductivity is analyzed within the framework of the Drude-Smith model, an extension of the Drude model that characterizes carrier localization in nanostructured materials. Below the percolation threshold, transport between nanocrystals is inhibited and photoexcited carriers are localized within individual nanocrystals. These films also exhibit efficient optical emission. In films with Si filling fractions above the percolation threshold, photoluminescence is suppressed and a transition from long-range inter-nanocrystal transport immediately after photoexcitation to increased carrier localization over a 50 ps time scale due to accumulation of charges at interface defect sites is observed. yes yes Carrier localization Drude models Filling fractions Interface defects Interface scattering Nanocrystal sizes Optical emissions Percolation thresholds Photoexcited carriers Picosecond time scale Si nanocrystal Silicon nanocrystals Thz spectroscopy Time variations Time-resolved Time-scales Ultrafast carrier dynamics Nanocrystals Nanotechnology Optical waveguides Percolation (computer storage) Percolation (fluids) Photoexcitation Silicon Interfaces (materials) 2012 9781566779579 21 29 9 1938-5862 45 5 10.1149/1.3700406 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270221 1af14a35-2335-46d8-b840-ba89897c326b Andriy Kovalenko aut NINT INNT Electrochemical Capacitors: Fundamentals to Applications - 220th ECS Meeting, October 9-14, 2011, Boston, MA, USA text article eng Electrical double layer (EDL) in a nanoporous electrode is very different from a planar electrochemical capacitor. The statistical-mechanical, molecular theory of solvation structure and thermodynamics (a.k.a. RISM-KH) is an essential part of multiscale methodology properly accounting for environment effects and chemical specificities of nanosystems in solution. Its generalization to solutions sorbed in disordered nanoporous materials using the replica method for statistical mechanics of quenched-annealed systems, replica RISM-KH-VM theory, provides full microscopic details of the solvation structure and thermodynamics as well as the electrochemical properties averaged over the thermal motion of sorbed solution and over quenched morphology of host nanoporous material. The replica RISM-KH-VM theory reveals the molecular mechanisms and driving forces of sorption of electrolyte solution in a nanoporous carbon electrode which are drastically different from the electrical double layer in electrolyte solution at a planar electrode. These include nanoporous confinement morphology and external charge, size and chemical specificities of solvent and electrolyte, osmotic forces, the internal EDL at the surface of nanopores and the external EDL at the contact with bulk solution. The interplay of these factors determines the efficiency of an electrosorption cell and the specific capacitance of the electrochemical supercapacitor. yes yes Electrical double layers Electrochemical capacitor Electrochemical supercapacitor Electrolyte solutions Molecular theory of solvation Nano-porous materials Nanoporous carbon electrode Quenched-annealed systems Capacitors Electric properties Electrochemical electrodes Morphology Nanopores Plasma interactions Porous materials Solvation Statistical mechanics Thermodynamics Electrolytes 2012 Electrochemical Society 9781566779623 9781607683216 133 149 17 1938-5862 41 22 10.1149/1.3693069 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Institute for Nanotechnology Institut national de nanotechnologie National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270220 5889eafc-850e-441b-8b67-e6096418b7e9 Emma Petiot aut HHT TSH Amal El-Wajgali aut Geoffrey Esteban aut Cécile Gény aut Hervé Pinton aut Annie Marc aut text article eng This study proposes an easy to use in situ device, based on multi-frequency permittivity measurements, tomonitor the growth and death ofattached Vero cells cultivated on microporous microcarriers, without any cell sampling. Vero cell densities were on-line quantified up to 10 6 cell mL -1. Some parameters which could potentially impact Vero cell morphological and physiological states were assessed through different culture operating conditions, such as media formulation or medium feed-harvest during cell growth phase. A new methodofinsitu cell death detection with dielectric spectroscopy was also successfully implemented. Thus, through permittivity frequency scanning, major rises of the apoptotic cell population in bioreactor cultures were detected by monitoring the characteristic frequency of the cell population, f c, which is one of the culture dielectric parameters. Both cell density quantification and cell apoptosis detection are strategic information in cell-based production processes as they are involved in major events of the process, suchasscale-uporchoice of the viral infection conditions. This new application of dielectric spectroscopy to adherent cell culture processes makes it a very promising tool for risk-mitigation strategy in industrial processes. Therefore, our results contribute to the development of Process Analytical Technology in cell-based industrial processes. yes yes apoptosis in situ monitoring cell density Multi-frequency permittivity Adherent Vero cell 2012-08-01 0920-9069 64 4 429 441 13 10.1007/s10616-011-9421-2 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Human Health Therapeutics Thérapeutiques en santé humaine National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270219 ab722eba-398b-44e3-8fe4-926f1fbabe0c Hilal Gul-Uludag aut Weibing Lu aut Peng Xu aut SDT TSR James Xing aut Jie Chen aut SDT TSR text article eng Monocyte-based gene therapies in cancer have been hampered by either the resistance of these cells to non-viral molecular delivery methods or their poor trafficking to the tumor site after their ex vivo manipulations. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP)-loaded genetically engineered monocytes can efficiently delivered to tumor site by external magnetic field, but they are not ideal delivery tools due to their spherical shape. Hence, we have investigated the cellular uptake efficiency and cytotoxicity of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled magnetic carbon nanotubes (FITC-mCNT) in human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 for application in cell-based gene therapy against cancer. Uptake of FITC-mCNT into THP-1 cells reached 100% only 1 h after the delivery. Confocal imaging confirmed that FITC-mCNT entered the cell cytoplasm and even into the nucleus. FITC-mCNT uptake did not compromise cell viability. This delivery system might therefore enhance cell-based cancer gene therapies. yes yes Cancer Cellular and nuclear uptake Fluorescein isothiocyanate Gene therapies Magnetic carbon nanotubes Monocytic leukemia cells 2012-05-01 0141-5492 34 5 989 993 5 10.1007/s10529-012-0858-y National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270217 2265506a-9011-4482-89f5-83a5e75598be K. Perrett aut M. Sullivan aut A. Conley aut S. González-Gaitán aut R. Carlberg aut D. Fouchez aut P. Ripoche aut J. D. Neill aut P. Astier aut David Balam Balam, D. aut NSI ISN C. Balland aut S. Basa aut J. Guy aut D. Hardin aut I. M. Hook aut D. A. Howell aut R. Pain aut N. Palanque-Delabrouille aut C. Pritchet aut N. Regnault aut J. Rich aut V. Ruhlmann-Kleider aut S. Baumont aut C. Lidman aut S. Perlmutter aut E. S. Walker aut text article eng We present a measurement of the volumetric Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) rate (SNR Ia) as a function of redshift for the first four years of data from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS). This analysis includes 286 spectroscopically confirmed and more than 400 additional photometrically identified SNe Ia within the redshift range 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 1.1. The volumetric SNR Ia evolution is consistent with a rise to z 1.0 that follows a power law of the form (1+z) α, with α = 2.11 ± 0.28. This evolutionary trend in the SNLS rates is slightly shallower than that of the cosmic star formation history (SFH) over the same redshift range. We combine the SNLS rate measurements with those from other surveys that complement the SNLS redshift range, and fit various simple SN Ia delay-time distribution (DTD) models to the combined data. A simple power-law model for the DTD (i.e., t -β) yields values from β = 0.98 ± 0.05 to β = 1.15 ± 0.08 depending on the parameterization of the cosmic SFH. A two-component model, where SNR Ia is dependent on stellar mass (M stellar) and star formation rate (SFR) as SNR Ia(z) = A × M stellar(z) + B × SFR(z), yields the coefficients A = (1.9 ± 0.1) × 10 -14 SNe yr -1 M -1 ⊙ and B = (3.3 ± 0.2) × 10 -4 SNe yr -1 (M ⊙ yr -1) -1. More general two-component models also fit the data well, but single Gaussian or exponential DTDs provide significantly poorer matches. Finally, we split the SNLS sample into two populations by the light-curve width (stretch), and show that the general behavior in the rates of faster-declining SNe Ia (0.8 ≤ s < 1.0) is similar, within our measurement errors, to that of the slower objects (1.0 ≤ s < 1.3) out to z 0.8. © © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. yes yes 2012-07-12 0004-6256 144 2 59 10.1088/0004-6256/144/2/59 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270216 1daec57e-16dc-4d90-8a36-7846d310ae98 Lianqi Wang aut David Andersen aut NSI ISN Brent Ellerbroek aut text article eng The scientific productivity of laser guide star adaptive optics systems strongly depends on the sky coverage, which describes the probability of finding natural guide stars for the tip/tilt wavefront sensor(s) to achieve a certain performance. Knowledge of the sky coverage is also important for astronomers planning their observations. In this paper, we present an efficient method to compute the sky coverage for the laser guide star multiconjugate adaptive optics system, the Narrow Field Infrared Adaptive Optics System (NFIRAOS), being designed for the Thirty Meter Telescope project.We show that NFIRAOS can achieve more than 70% sky coverage over most of the accessible sky with the requirement of 191 nm total rms wavefront. yes yes Laser guide star adaptive optics Multi-conjugate adaptive optics systems Natural guide star Sky coverage Thirty Meter Telescope Wave front sensors Wavefronts 2012-06-01 0003-6935 51 16 3692 3700 9 10.1364/AO.51.003692 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270215 a4a0eab0-53c8-4792-8997-b11dbe3f5820 Craig Davison Davison, Craig R. aut AERO AERO Timothy Allen Rutke Rutke, Tim aut AERO AERO J. Walter Strapp aut Thomas P. Ratvasky aut Edward F. Emery aut 4th AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference 2012, June 25-28, 2012, New Orleans, LA, USA text article eng yes yes 2012 9781624101922 AIAA 2012-3040 10.2514/6.2012-3040 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270212 5b2c5ac4-cad9-41d1-9f6e-889c7a895edb Marcelo Wu aut Aaron Christopher Hryciw Hryciw, Aaron C. aut SDT TSR Behzad Khanaliloo aut Mark Russell Freeman Freeman, Mark R. aut SDT TSR John P. Davis aut Paul E. Barclay aut 2012 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2012, May 6-11, 2012, San Jose, CA, USA text article eng Photonic crystal nanocavities with suspended central elements suitable for optomechanical detection of torsional forces are designed and fabricated. This "floating" low mass nanocavity may be mechanically coupled to nanomagnetic structures. yes yes Crystal nanocavities Low mass Nano-cavities Optomechanical Torsional forces Lasers Photonic crystals 2012 9781467318396 978-1-55752-943-5 CW1M.7 10.1364/CLEO_SI.2012.CW1M.7 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270211 5fbe6ebe-95be-4832-b34a-c1fc2f421f97 Lai-Ming Wei aut Yuan-Ming Zhou aut Guo-Lin Yu aut Kuang-Hong Gao aut Xin-Zhi Liu aut Tie Lin aut Shao-Ling Guo aut Ning Dai aut Jun-Hao Chu aut Guy David Austing Austing, David Guy aut SDT TSR text article chi High-mobility In 0.53Ga 0.47As/InP quantum well is fabricated by the chemical beam epitaxy technique. Clear Shubnikov-de Hass (SdH) oscillation and beating pattern due to zero-field spin splitting are observed by magnetotransport measurements at low temperature. We use an analytical method, involving the simultaneous fitting of fast Fourier transform spectra of SdH oscillations at different tilted fields, to extract the effective g-factor. yes yes 2012-06-20 1000-3290 61 12 127102 10.7498/aps.61.127102 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270210 6f547d4e-6aa9-497b-8d27-acefc084f379 Wei Peng aut Rene V. Mayorga aut Syed Abdul Vakeel Imran Imran, Syed aut CONST CONST text article eng This paper proposes a Fuzzy Response Surface Optimisation (FRSO) approach for the water blending problem of multiple sources to maintain the water quality in water distribution systems. In the proposed approach, instead of the more precise and complicated nonlinear equations, the response surface models are used to describe the harmful reaction kinetics. The objectives of this study are to minimise the harmful reactions in the water network. A fuzzy linear programming using the min-operator approach is applied to handle the multiple objectives. Due to the FRSO only containing quadratic models, this approach is easy to apply and the optimisation is performed rapidly. Hence, the FRSO can be used to dynamically estimate the optimal blending ratios of water coming from multiple sources. Finally, a case study and two comparisons demonstrate the FRSO's advantages as to computational efficiency and simultaneous optimisation. yes yes water quality, water blend, multi-objective, fuzzy linear programming, response surface method 2012-04-10 1573-062X 9 3 177 187 11 10.1080/1573062X.2011.652133 Construction Construction National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270209 72e5f231-f03b-46e8-809c-f310a72334c1 Abdullah Khalid Hafiz aut Evgueni Bordatchev aut AUTO AUTO Remus Tutunea-Fatan aut 40th Annual North American Manufacturing Research Conference, NAMRC40, June 4-8, 2012, Notre Dame, IN, USA text article eng Polishing by laser beam radiation is a novel technique used to modify the initial surface geometry in order to achieve a desired level of surface finish. The performance of laser polishing (LP) is determined by its process parameters, whose optimum combination is essential for the achievement of the best possible surface quality. In this regard, the overlap percentage is one of the important LP settings, which indicates the level of the overlap between two consecutive polishing tracks. In the current study, the effects of overlap percentage were experimentally investigated in the context of AISI H13 tool steel LP operations. Four surface areas were polished using four different overlap percentages but the same applied energy density. The improvement of surface quality was measured by average spatial surface roughness and material ratio function. The surface quality improvement was also analyzed by means of statistical analysis using the autospectrum and the transfer functions. Finally, the polished area created by the optimum overlap from the aforementioned analyses was further processed by an additional level of LP improving a total average surface roughness from 1.59 μm to 0.18 μm (89% improvement). yes yes AISI H13 Energy density Laser polishing Overlap percentage Surface waviness Industrial research Lasers Manufacture Polishing Surface roughness Tool steel Transfer functions Surface properties 2012 9781622762477 NAMRC40-7766 351 360 10 1047-3025 40 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Automotive Automobile National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270208 8e6fb0ab-42f5-4be4-afe5-8d67db40781d Feng Cai aut Qi Yang aut IAR IRA Xiao Huang aut TMS 2012: 141st Annual Meeting and Exhibition, March 11-15, 2012, Orlando, FL, USA text article eng Applying noble coatings on steel components is an effective solution to preventing corrosion attacks. However, through-coating defects, such as pin holes, voids and growth defects play a detrimental role in the degradation of a coating-substrate system. Through the defects, corrosive media are able to reach the metal substrate, initializing pitting corrosion and eventually resulting in coating failure. This research studies the correlation between coating defects and corrosion behavior of the TiN and CrN (CrSiCN) coated mild steel and stainless steel. Electrochemical impedance technique is used to reveal the corrosion behavior. The results revealed that in a coating-substrate system, two critical factors controlling the corrosion resistance, the effective diffusion coefficient and diffusion layer thickness, which are found to be related to coating microstructure. Denser and thicker coating structures result in lower effective diffusion coefficients and greater effective diffusion layer thickness, and demonstrate high electrochemical impedance and resistance to electrochemical corrosion. yes yes PVD coating, coating defect, corrosion, electrochemical impedance, EIS 2012 9781118296073 1118296079 49 56 8 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Institute for Aerospace Research Institut de recherche aérospatiale du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270207 c78a985d-14c3-4652-a634-72413f07173e L. Felix aut Yadienka Martinez-Rubi Martinez-Rubi, Y. aut SDT TSR Benoit Simard Simard, B. aut SDT TSR Greg Goss Goss, G. aut SDT TSR Nanotech Conference and Expo 2012, June 18-21, 2012, Santa Clara, CA, USA text article eng Since their discovery in 1993, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have played an integral role in nanotechnology and have been extensively studied due to their unique structural, electrical and mechanical properties. Chemical functionalization and coating of SWCNTs can improve their solubility in water and organic solvents to allow use in solution-based techniques and extend range of applications. We tested 1) aqueous lignin-wrapped 10-20nm and 2) carboxy-functionalized 10-20 nm SWCNTs, manufactured by the National Research Council - Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences (NRC-SIMS), to determine the effect of different degrees of solubility. To determine the toxicological effect, we exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos over a 72-hour period to a range (1, 10, 50, 100 and 200mg/L) of functionalized and un-functionalized SWCNTs as a paired control following Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. Toxicological endpoints such as lethality, hatch inhibition and changes in gene expression were measured. While preliminary results show no significant difference in survival and hatch compared to control, effects may occur at the molecular level. Our goal was to determine the toxicological effects of different degrees of functionalized SWCNTs at whole animal and molecular levels. yes yes Aquatic animals Aquatic ecosystem Chemical functionalization Nanotoxicology Potential indicators Pristine materials Sublethal effects Toxicological effects Medical nanotechnology 2012 9781466562769 327 330 4 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270206 28cac52d-d29d-4d0f-97a9-048e9aefb0af Kerry Ellen Rennie Rennie, Kerry aut HHT TSH Andrée Gruslin aut Markus Hengstschläger aut Duanqing Pei aut Jinglei Cai aut Toshio Nikaido aut Mahmud Bani Bani-Yaghoub, Mahmud aut HHT TSH text article eng The amniotic membrane (AM) and amniotic fluid (AF) have a long history of use in surgical and prenatal diagnostic applications, respectively. In addition, the discovery of cell populations in AM and AF which are widely accessible, nontumorigenic and capable of differentiating into a variety of cell types has stimulated a flurry of research aimed at characterizing the cells and evaluating their potential utility in regenerative medicine. While a major focus of research has been the use of amniotic membrane and fluid in tissue engineering and cell replacement, AM- and AF-derived cells may also have capabilities in protecting and stimulating the repair of injured tissues via paracrine actions, and acting as vectors for biodelivery of exogenous factors to treat injury and diseases. Much progress has been made since the discovery of AM and AF cells with stem cell characteristics nearly a decade ago, but there remain a number of problematic issues stemming from the inherent heterogeneity of these cells as well as inconsistencies in isolation and culturing methods which must be addressed to advance the field towards the development of cell-based therapies. Here, we provide an overview of the recent progress and future perspectives in the use of AM- and AF-derived cells for therapeutic applications. yes yes 5' nucleotidase beta1 integrin endoglin epidermal growth factor fibroblast growth factor Hermes antigen octamer transcription factor 4 scatter factor stage specific embryo antigen 4 Thy 1 antigen tissue scaffold transcription factor NANOG transcription factor Sox2 transforming growth factor acute kidney tubule necrosis amnion amnion fluid bladder injury brain injury brain ischemia cell differentiation cell transplantation diabetes mellitus diaphragm hernia heart failure heart infarction human leg ischemia liver cirrhosis nonhuman paracrine signaling Parkinson disease priority journal protein expression pulmonary hypertension regenerative medicine review sciatic nerve injury skin defect skin graft spinal muscular atrophy stem cell transplantation therapy effect tissue engineering tissue repair 2012 1687-9678 721538 10.1155/2012/721538 Human Health Therapeutics Thérapeutiques en santé humaine National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270205 532c042a-fd5e-41b6-85ed-3979c29b98ef M. G. Hoare aut C. R. Purcell aut E. B. Churchwell aut P. Diamond aut W. D. Cotton aut C. J. Chandler aut S. Smethurst aut S. E. Kurtz aut L. G. Mundy aut Sean Dougherty Dougherty, S. M. aut NSI ISN R. P. Fender aut G. A. Fuller aut J. M. Jackson aut S. T. Garrington aut T. R. Gledhill aut P. F. Goldsmith aut S. L. Lumsden aut J. Martí aut T. J. T. Moore aut T. W. B. Muxlow aut R. D. Oudmaijer aut J. D. Pandian aut J. M. Paredes aut D. S. Shepherd aut R. E. Spencer aut M. A. Thompson aut G. Umana aut J. S. Urquhart aut A. A. Zijlstra aut text article eng We describe the motivation, design, and implementation of the CORNISH survey, an arcsecondresolution radio continuum survey of the inner galactic plane at 5 GHz using the Very Large Array (VLA). It is a blind survey coordinated with the northern Spitzer GLIMPSE I region covering 10° < l < 65° and |b| < 1° at similar resolution. We discuss in detail the strategy that we employed to control the shape of the synthesised beam across this survey, which covers a wide range of fairly low declinations. Two snapshots separated by 4 h kept the beam elongation to less that 1.5 over 75% of the survey area and less than 2 over 98% of the survey. The prime scientific motivation is to provide an unbiased survey for ultra-compact H II regions to study this key phase in massive star formation. A sensitivity around 2 mJy will allow the automatic distinction between radio-loud and radio-quiet mid- IR sources found in the Spitzer surveys. This survey has many legacy applications beyond star formation, including evolved stars, active stars and binaries, and extragalactic sources. The CORNISH survey for compact ionized sources complements other Galactic plane surveys that target diffuse and nonthermal sources, as well as atomic and molecular phases to build up a complete picture of the interstellar medium in the Galaxy. yes yes 2012-09-19 0004-6280 124 919 939 955 17 10.1086/668058 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270200 1d9bc7b9-61d9-4c11-b679-2eacf4482eff Yanfeng Zhang aut AERO AERO Shuzhen Hu aut AERO AERO Xuefeng (George) Zhang Zhang, Xue Feng aut AERO AERO Michael W Benner Benner, Michael aut AERO AERO Edward Vlasic aut AERO AERO ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2012, June 11-15, 2012, Copenhagen, Denmark text article eng This paper presents the experimental investigation of the flow in an aggressive inter-turbine duct (AITD). The goal is to improve the understanding of the flow mechanisms within the AITD and of the underlying physics of lowprofile vortex generators (LPVGs). The flow structures in the AITD are dominated by counter-rotating vortices and boundary layer separations in both the casing and hub regions. At the first bend of the AITD, the casing boundary layer separates in a 3D mode because of the upstream wakes; this is followed by a massive 2D boundary layer separation. Due to the effect of the radial pressure gradient at the first bend, the streamwise vorticity generated by the casing 3D separation stays close to the casing endwall, and later mixes with the casing counter-rotating vortices formed at the second bend. By using LPVGs with different configurations installed on the casing, the casing boundary layer separation is significantly reduced. The streamwise vortices generated by the LPVGs have the potential to generate another pair of counter-rotating vortices at the AITD second bend, which help to delay/prevent the boundary layer separation. Therefore, the total pressure loss in the AITD was significantly reduced. yes yes Boundary-layer separation Casing boundary layer Counter-rotating vortices Experimental investigations Flow mechanisms Streamwise vortices Total-pressure loss Vortex generators Boundary layers Ducts Three dimensional Transport aircraft Vortex flow Gas turbines 2012 9780791844748 GT2012-69951 1609 1619 11 9780791844748 8 PARTS A, B and C 10.1115/GT2012-69951 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270197 3307890f-9e98-4a8d-975e-159d3748d3d2 Craig Davison Davison, Craig R. aut AERO AERO ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2012, June 11-15, 2012, Copenhagen, Denmark text article eng Repeatable measurement of engine performance requires the system to be near steady state. A technique is presented to assess how close engine operation is to steady state. It estimates the rate of change of the assessed parameter across the sample time and provides an associated confidence interval. This allows a minimum amount of test time to characterize performance and provides consistent criteria to assess steady state. The technique can either be used online to determine when to take a steady state point or to find the optimal sample from a given data set. To make the technique feasible during testing a recursive method is developed to minimize the computational time. The technique is demonstrated on known functions with random noise to benchmark its capabilities. This is followed by a demonstration on test data from a small turbo jet engine operated in an altitude facility, a turboprop on an outdoor test stand and an after-burning turbofan in an indoor test cell. yes yes Computational time Confidence interval Engine operations Engine performance Indoor test cells Optimal samples Recursive methods Turbine operation Exhibitions Jet engines Gas turbines 2012-12-01 American Society of Mechanical Engineers 9780791844670 1 GT2012-68632 107 118 12 10.1115/GT2012-68632 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270182 ca6b9347-0c8b-4220-b6eb-8bb45ac224c4 Fatma Demet (Demet) Ulker Ulker, Fatma D. aut AERO AERO Fred Nitzscheb aut Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems 2012, March 12-15, 2012, San Diego, CA, USA text article eng This paper presents an advanced controller design methodology for vibration alleviation of helicopter rotor systems. Particularly, vibration alleviation in a forward ight regime where the rotor blades experience periodically varying aerodynamic loading was investigated. Controller synthesis was carried out under the time-periodic H 2 and H∞ framework and the synthesis problem was solved based on both periodic Riccati and Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) formulations. The closed-loop stability was analyzed using Floquet-Lyapunov theory, and the controller's performance was validated by closed-loop high-fidelity aeroelastic simulations. To validate the controller's performance an actively controlled trailing edge ap strategy was implemented. Computational cost was compared for both formulations. yes yes Advanced controller Aero-elastic simulations Aerodynamic loading Closed loop stability Computational costs Controller designs Controller synthesis Helicopter vibration control High fidelity Linear matrix inequality formulations Periodic Riccati equation Synthesis problems Trailing edges Integrated control Linear matrix inequalities Riccati equations Turbomachine blades 2012-04-26 9780819489982 834108 0277-786X 8341 10.1117/12.917520 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270181 b6fb9cf4-9e5b-422f-9d57-3267b98921e7 Sion Jennings Jennings, Sion A. aut AERO AERO Peter Holst aut Gregory (Greg) Craig Craig, Gregory aut AERO AERO Bob Cheung aut Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XVII; and Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics VI, April 25-26, 2012, Baltimore, MD, USA text article eng Military helicopter operations encounter degraded visual environments (DVE) on a regular basis. A DVE exists when conditions of low visibility, including those caused by rotor downwash in sand/dust ("brown-out"), snow ("whiteout"/ snowball) or water, obscure both horizon and terrain features. DVE conditions have contributed to the loss of numerous helicopter crews and vehicles in desert operations, including a CH-146 crash during take-off. In Canadian helicopter operations over the past 25 years, "snowball" related events (2 accidents and 54 incidents) outnumbered brown-out related events. A NATO Task Group suggested that specific landing symbology systems could provide an immediate short-term solution that will improve situation awareness and reduce the occurrence of mishaps. This paper describes two symbology systems that were developed and the planned evaluation of these under the Degraded Visual Environment Solution for TacHel (DVEST) Program. yes yes Brown-out Helicopter operation Low visibility Night vision goggles Rotary wing Short-term solutions Situation awareness Symbology Task groups Terrain features Visual environments Accidents Helmet mounted displays Landing Military helicopters Visibility Helicopter services 2012-05-01 9780819490612 83830G 0277-786X 8383 10.1117/12.922467 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270180 55dcaa6a-ada3-4b99-baee-5fd50cfad9fe C. Ibarra-Castanedo aut L. Brault aut F. Marcotte aut Marc Genest Genest, M. aut AERO AERO V. Farley aut X. Maldague aut Thermosense: Thermal Infrared Applications XXXIV, April 23-26, 2012, Baltimore, MD, USA text article eng Water ingress in honeycomb structures is of great concern for the civil and military aerospace industries. Pressure and temperature variations during take-off and landing produce considerable stress on aircraft structures, promoting moisture ingress (by diffusion through fibers or by direct ingress through voids, cracks or unsealed joints) into the core. The presence of water (or other fluids such as kerosene, hydraulic fluid and de-icing agents) in any of its forms (gas vapor, liquid or ice) promotes corrosion, cell breakage, and induce composite layer delaminations and skin disbonds. In this study, testing specimens were produced from unserviceable parts from military aircraft. In order to simulate atmospheric conditions during landing, selected core areas were filled with measured quantities of water and then frozen in a cold chamber. The specimens were then removed from the chamber and monitored for over 20 minutes as they warm up using a cooled high-resolution infrared camera. Results have shown that detection and quantification of water ingress on honeycomb sandwich structures by passive infrared thermography is possible using a HD mid-wave infrared cameras for volumes of water as low as 0.2 ml and from a distance as far as 20 m from the target. yes yes Aircraft structure Atmospheric conditions Composite layer Core area De-icing agents High resolution Honeycomb sandwich panels Honeycomb sandwich structure Infra-red cameras Mid wave infrared (MWIR) Military aerospace industry Moisture ingress Presence of water Pressure and temperature Thermal imaging cameras Water ingress detection Aerospace industry Aircraft manufacture Airframes Diffusion in liquids Honeycomb structures Infrared devices Infrared radiation Landing Nanocomposite films Sandwich structures Temperature indicating cameras Vapors Thermography (imaging) 2012-05-18 9780819490322 835405 0277-786X 8354 10.1117/12.918567 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270179 fa5813f6-7179-45c9-8dba-9b51756940f4 Patrick J D (Pat) Côté Côte, Patrick aut NSI ISN Alan Scott aut Michael Balogh aut Ron Buckingham aut David Aldridge aut Ray Carlberg aut Weiguo Chen aut Jean Dupuis aut Clinton Evans aut Laurent Drissen aut Wesley (Wes) Fraser Fraser, Wes aut NSI ISN Frederic Grandmont aut Paul Harrison aut John B Hutchings Hutchings, John aut NSI ISN JJ Kavelaars Kavelaars, J. J. aut NSI ISN John-Thomas Landry aut Christian Lange aut Denis Laurin aut Tarun Patel aut Venka Pillay aut Louis Piche aut Andres Rader aut Carmelle Robert aut Marchin Sawicki aut Robert Sorba aut Guillaume Theriault aut Ludovic Van Waerbeke aut Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng The Cosmological Advanced Survey Telescope for Optical and UV Research (CASTOR) is a proposed CSA mission that would make a unique, powerful, and lasting contribution to astrophysics by providing panoramic, high-resolution imaging in the UV/optical (0.15 { 0.55 μm) spectral region. This versatile ̀smallSAT'-class mission would far surpass any ground-based optical telescope in terms of angular resolution, and would provide ultra-deep imaging in three broad filters to supplement longer-wavelength data from planned international dark energy missions (Euclid, WFIRST) as well as from the ground-based Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). Combining the largest focal plane ever own in space, with an innovative optical design that delivers HST-quality images over a field two orders of magnitude larger than Hubble Space Telescope (HST), CASTOR would image about 1/8th of the sky to a (u-band) depth ̃1 magnitude fainter than will be possible with LSST even after a decade of operations. No planned or proposed astronomical facility would exceed CASTOR in its potential for discovery at these wavelengths. yes yes Angular resolution Dark energy Focal Plane Ground based High-resolution imaging Hubble space telescopes Large synoptic survey telescopes Orders of magnitude Spectral region Ultra-violet Astrophysics Millimeter waves Optical design Space telescopes Surveys Optical telescopes 2012-08-22 9780819491435 844215 0277-786X 8442 10.1117/12.926198 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270178 e46ef02b-1f9d-4eee-8817-b964494bdbc1 Krzysztof (Kris) Caputa Caputa, Kris aut NSI ISN Glen Herriot aut NSI ISN Joel Niebergal aut Adam Zielinski aut Adaptive Optics Systems III, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng One of the first ELT AO systems to be deployed will be NFIRAOS of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT). NFIRAOS is currently being designed at the National Research Council of Canada's Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA). NFIRAOS incorporates deformable mirrors with much larger number of actuators than in current AO systems. To aid the procurement of electronics for NFIRAOS DMs, a reference design is under way at the HIA. We have designed the overall architecture, defined a command communication interface and developed a compact and cost-efficient high voltage amplifier suitable for duplicating in 7673 copies for driving the two NFIRAOS DMs. yes yes Deformable mirrors ELT High voltage amplifier NFIRAOS TMT Astrophysics Piezoelectric actuators Voltage regulators Laser pulses 2012-09-13 9780819491480 844767 0277-786X 8447 10.1117/12.926405 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270177 d1a20bc0-9d5c-48f1-8d60-aa99ee6fe3f4 Ameneh Boroomand aut Michael S D Smith Smith, Michael S. D. aut MD DM Paul Dan (Dan) Popescu Popescu, Dan P. aut MD DM Michael G (Mike) Sowa Sowa, Michael aut MD DM Sherif S. Sherif aut Photonics North 2012, June 6-8, 2012, Montreal, QC, Canada text article eng We discuss and demonstrate the dependence of noise on the signal in time-domain optical coherence tomography (TD-OCT). We then derive a depth-dependent matched filter to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio at every pixel in a depth-scan (A-scan). We use an empirical estimate of the second order statistics of the noise in OCT images of vascular tissue to implement a depth-dependent filter that is matched to these images. The application of our filter results in an average increase of signal-to-noise ratio of about 7 dB compared to a simple averaging operation. Our filter is not specific to time-domain OCT, but it is applicable to other types of OCT systems. yes yes Depth dependents Empirical estimate OCT images Second order statistics Time domain Vascular tissue Matched filters Signal to noise ratio Tissue Optical tomography 2012-10-23 9780819490902 841202 0277-786X 8412 10.1117/12.2001691 Medical Devices Dispositifs médicaux National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270176 d21ee184-120e-423f-b645-558967cb203c Gaozhi (George) Xiao Xiao, Gaozhi aut ICT TIC Honglei Guo aut ICT TIC Nezih Mrad aut Bruno Filipe Ferreira Graca Rocha Rocha, Bruno aut AERO AERO Zhigang Sun aut EME EME 22nd International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, October 15-19, 2012, Beijing, China text article eng Load monitoring and damage detection are the two critical aspects of aircraft structural health monitoring (SHM). The load monitoring is achieved by detecting the local strain changes while the damage detection is generally accomplished by the monitoring of acoustic signal changes. It would be ideal that a single sensor can perform both tasks simultaneously. This paper reports the demonstration of using fiber Bragg gratings to monitor load and acoustic signal applied on a simulated aircraft structure. The results clearly show that a single fiber Bragg grating sensor with short grating length has the potential to perform both tasks simultaneously. yes yes 2012-10-14 9780819491039 8421BD 0277-786X 8421 10.1117/12.975070 Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications Aerospace Aérospatiale Energy, Mining and Environment Énergie, mines et environnement National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270172 8335de13-ac59-4480-be17-743e18a0bed0 Eric Steinbring aut NSI ISN Brian M Leckie Leckie, Brian aut NSI ISN Tim Hardy aut NSI ISN Krzysztof (Kris) Caputa Caputa, Kris aut NSI ISN John Murray (Murray) Fletcher Fletcher, Murray aut NSI ISN Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng Mountains along the northwestern coast of Ellesmere Island, Canada, possess the highest peaks nearest the Pole. This geography, combined with an atmospheric thermal inversion restricted to below ∼1000 m during much of the long arctic night, provides excellent opportunities for uninterrupted cloud-free astronomy - provided the challenges of these incredibly remote locations can be overcome. We present a miniaturized robotic observatory for deployment on a High Arctic mountaintop. This system tested the operability of precise optical instruments during winter, and the logistics of installation and maintenance during summer. It is called Ukpik after the Inuktitut name for the snowy owl, and was deployed at two sites accessible only by helicopter, each north of 82 degrees latitude; one on rock at 1100 m elevation and another on a glacier at 1600 m. The instrument suite included at first an all-sky-viewing camera, with the later addition of a small telescope to monitor Polaris, both protected by a retractable weather-proof enclosure. Expanding this to include a narrow-field drift-scanning camera for studying extra-solar planet transits was also investigated, but not implemented. An unique restriction was that all had to be run on batteries recharged primarily by a wind turbine. Supplementary power came from a methanol fuel-cell electrical generator. Communications were via the Iridium satellite network. The system design, and lessons learned from three years of operation are discussed, along with prospects for time-domain astronomy from isolated, high-elevation polar mountaintops. yes yes 2012-07-01 9780819491459 84441P 0277-786X 8444 10.1117/12.926598 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270171 2ce47e2e-cd48-4e07-8cb6-ba20b44106ca Keiichi Asada aut Pierre L. Martin-Cocher aut Chien-Ping Chen aut Satoki Matsushita aut Ming-Tang Chen aut Yau-De Huang aut Makoto Inoue aut Paul T. P. Ho aut Scott N. Paine aut Eric Steinbring aut NSI ISN Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng We report the first measurements of 225 GHz atmospheric opacity at Summit Camp (Latitude 72°.57 N; Longitude 38°.46 W; Altitude 3250 m) in Greenland and the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL: Latitude 80°.05 N; Longitude 86°.42 W; Altitude 600 m) in Northern Canada with a tipping radiometer. Summit Camp and PEARL are research stations mostly interested in meteorology and geophysics, and they are potentially excellent sites for astronomical observations at sub-millimeter wavelength. We purchased a tipping radiometer from Radiometer Physics GmbH. After a test run at the summit of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, the radiometer was deployed to PEARL in February 2011, and relocated to Summit Camp in August 2011. The atmospheric opacity has been monitored from February 14th to May 10th, 2011 at PEARL and since August 2011 at Summit Camp. The median values of the measured opacity at PEARL ranged from 0.11 in February to 0.19 in May; Summit Camp varied in the range from 0.04 to 0.18 between August 2011 and May 2012. Summit Camp in Greenland is expected to be an excellent site for sub-millimeter and Terahertz astronomy, and we plan to set up there a 12-m telescope for VLBI and single-dish observations. yes yes 2012-07-01 9780819491459 84441J 0277-786X 8444 10.1117/12.925793 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270170 34335971-9114-45d1-9e4f-2e4ef15a131f David Erickson aut Hervé Lacheray aut Jason Michel (Michel) Lambert Lambert, Jason Michel aut AERO AERO Iraj Mantegh aut AERO AERO Derry Crymble aut John Daly aut Yan Zhao aut Unmanned Systems Technology XIV, April 25-27, 2012, Baltimore, MD, Canada text article eng State-of-the-art robotic explosive ordnance disposal robotics have not, in general, adopted recent advances in control technology and man-machine interfaces and lag many years behind academia. This paper describes the Haptics-based Immersive Telerobotic System project investigating an immersive telepresence envrionment incorporating advanced vehicle control systems, Augmented immersive sensory feedback, dynamic 3D visual information, and haptic feedback for explosive ordnance disposal operators. The project aim is to provide operatiors a more sophisticated interface and expand sensory input to perform complex tasks to defeat improvised explosive devices successfully. The introduction of haptics and immersive teleprescence has the potential to shift the way teleprescence systems work for explosive ordnance disposal tasks or more widely for first responders scenarios involving remote unmanned ground vehicles. yes yes 2012 9780819490650 838713 0277-786X 8387 10.1117/12.918462 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270169 00c5c027-c327-430e-9e8f-0e384d4ec8c2 Nezih Mrad aut Honglei Guo aut ICT TIC Gaozhi (George) Xiao Xiao, Gaozhi aut ICT TIC Bruno Filipe Ferreira Graca Rocha Rocha, Bruno aut AERO AERO Zhigang Sun aut EME EME Photonic Applications for Aerospace, Transportation, and Harsh Environment III, April 23-24, 2012, Baltimore, MD, USA text article eng Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has been identified as an area of significant potential for advanced aircraft maintenance programs that ensure continued airworthiness, enhanced operational safety and reduced life cycle cost. Several sensors and sensory systems have been developed for the implementation of such health monitoring capability. Among a wide range of developed technologies, fiber optic sensor technology, in particular fiber Bragg grating based emerged as one of the most promising for aircraft structural applications. This paper is set to explore the suitability of using a new Fiber Bragg Grating sensor (FBG) system developed for operation in two modes, low and high speed sensing modes, respectively. The suitability of the system for potential use in aircraft load monitoring and damage detection applications has been demonstrated. Results from FBG sensor system were in good agreement with results from conventional resistive strain gauges, validating this capability for load monitoring. For damage detection, the FBG sensor system was able to detect acoustic waves generated 52 inches (1.32 m) away. The initial results, obtained in a full stale experimentation, demonstrate the potential of using FBG sensors for both load monitoring and damage detection in aircraft environment. yes yes 2012-04-23 9780819490469 836808 0277-786X 8368 10.1117/12.921041 Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications Aerospace Aérospatiale Energy, Mining and Environment Énergie, mines et environnement National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270168 f8cc7498-dca8-4a88-bc42-3ecfc99e3d18 Brent L. Ellerbroek aut Sean M. Adkins aut David Andersen Andersen, David R. aut NSI ISN Jenny Rustmann Atwood Atwood, Jenny aut NSI ISN Arnaud Bastard aut Yong Bo aut Marc-André Boucher Boucher, Marc-Andre aut NSI ISN Corinne Boyer aut Peter Byrnes Byrnes, Peter W. G. aut NSI ISN Krzysztof (Kris) Caputa Caputa, Kris aut NSI ISN Shanqiu Chen aut Carlos Correia aut NSI ISN Raphael Cousty aut Joeleff Tawn Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, Joeleff T. aut NSI ISN Luc Gilles aut James Gregory aut Glen Herriot aut NSI ISN Paul Hickson aut Alexis Hill aut NSI ISN John Pazder aut NSI ISN Hubert Pagès aut Thomas Pfrommer aut Vladimir Arnoldovich (Vlad) Reshetov Reshetov, Vladimir A. aut NSI ISN Scott Roberts aut NSI ISN Jean-Christophe Sinquin aut Matthias Schoeck aut NSI ISN Malcolm Smith aut NSI ISN Jean-Pierre Véran aut NSI ISN Lianqi Wang aut Kai Wei aut Ivan Wevers aut NSI ISN Adaptive Optics Systems III, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng We provide an update on the development of the first light adaptive optics systems for the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) over the past two years. The first light AO facility for TMT consists of the Narrow Field Infra-Red AO System (NFIRAOS) and the associated Laser Guide Star Facility (LGSF). This order 60 x 60 laser guide star (LGS) multi-conjugate AO (MCAO) architecture will provide uniform, diffraction-limited performance in the J, H, and K bands over 17-30 arc sec diameter fields with 50 per cent sky coverage at the galactic pole, as is required to support TMT science cases. Both NFIRAOS and the LGSF have successfully completed design reviews during the last twelve months. We also report on recent progress in AO component prototyping, control algorithm development, and system performance analysis. © 2012 SPIE. yes yes 2012-07-01 9780819491480 84471J 0277-786X 8447 10.1117/12.927046 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270167 c3446e02-43f2-465c-aa90-270ca902df67 Suresh Sivanandam aut James R. Graham aut Roberto Abraham aut Anthony Tekatch aut Eric Steinbring aut NSI ISN Wayne Ngan aut Doug L. Welch aut Nicholas M. Law aut Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng We present the first measurements of the near-infrared (NIR), specifically the J-band, sky background in the Canadian High Arctic. There has been considerable recent interest in the development of an astronomical observatory in Ellesmere Island; initial site testing has shown promise for a world-class site. Encouragement for our study came from sky background measurements on the high Antarctic glacial plateau in winter that showed markedly lower NIR emission when compared to good mid-latitude astronomical sites due to reduced emission from the Meinel bands, i.e. hydroxyl radical (OH) airglow lines. This is possibly a Polar effuect and may also be present in the High Arctic. To test this hypothesis, we carried out an experiment which measured the the J-band sky brightness in the High Arctic during winter. We constructed a zenith-pointing, J-band photometer, and installed it at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) near Eureka, Nunavut (latitude: 80° N). We present the design of our ruggedized photometer and our results from our short PEARL observing campaign in February 2012. Taken over a period of four days, our measurements indicate that the J-band sky brightness varies between 15:5-15:9 mag arcsec2; with a measurement uncertainty of 0.15 mag. The uncertainty is entirely dominated by systematic errors present in our radiometric calibration. On our best night, we measured a fairly consistent sky brightness of 15:8 ± 0:15 mag arcsec2: This is not corrected for atmospheric extinction, which is typically < 0:1 mag in the J-band on a good night. The measured sky brightness is comparable to an excellent mid-latitude site, but is not as dark as claimed by the Antarctic measurements. We discuss possible explanations of why we do not see as dark skies as in the Antarctic. Future winter-long sky brightness measurements are anticipated to obtain the necessary statistics to make a proper comparison with the Antarctic measurements. yes yes 2012-09-24 9780819491473 844643 0277-786X 8446 10.1117/12.926251 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270166 2c149875-a5f9-401c-8445-6514eff6e96f Christian Marois aut NSI ISN Jean-Pierre Véran aut NSI ISN Carlos Correia aut NSI ISN Adaptive Optics Systems III, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands text article eng The thirty meter telescope (TMT) has the potential to find new planetary systems and to study them in greater details. It could also possibly image super-Earth planets around the closest stars or still accreting distant protoplanets around stars in very young star forming regions. Since no first generation dedicated exoplanet finding instrument has been selected for the TMT, initial direct exoplanet imaging will have to rely on the NFIRAOS facility adaptive optics (AO) system and IRIS spectro-imaging near-infrared (NIR) camera. End-to-end Fresnel NFIRAOS simulations are presented using their current optical designs to evaluate the system multi-wavelength high-contrast imaging capabilities. Long exposures have been simulated using the expected AO-corrected phase screens and the estimated speckle lifetime. It is shown that NFIRAOS/IRIS may achieve contrasts close to the Gemini planet imager (GPI, an optimized NIR planet-finding instrument that will soon be installed on the Gemini South 8-m telescope), but needs to rely on multi-wavelength processing (by a factor 50) to achieve that goal, a challenging requirement. Without a coronograph and a better treatment of the in-band static speckle noise, it is unlikely that NFIRAOS/IRIS will be able to achieve GPI-like contrasts at very small inner working angles, which is potentially accessible with a large 30-meter telescope. However, TMT, with its bigger aperture and better angular resolution, along with the current NFIRAOS/IRIS designs, should be able to acquire higher SNR spectra and achieve three times better astrometric accuracy than GPI for medium to bright planets, resulting in better atmospheric characterization and faster orbital parameter determination of a sample of GPI planets. yes yes 2012-07-01 9780819491480 844726 0277-786X 8447 10.1117/12.926826 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270165 6d019aa3-ee46-4483-a536-dce0fc3eae73 J. K. Li aut I. T. S. Li aut G. C. Walker aut R. M. A. Sullan aut Shan Zou Zou, S. aut MSS SME Y. Sun aut text chapter eng The objective of studying the nanoscale mechanical properties and behavior of polymers is to understand how polymeric organized nanostructures respond to forces applied in tension, in compression, and even during fracture. The body of work presented in this review is primarily from our laboratories and covers a breadth of systems and techniques, including atomic force microscopy-based indentation studies on substrate-supported polymeric thin films, microscale hydrogels, force-mapping studies on lipid bilayers, and the mechanics of hydrophobic polymer hydration by single-molecule extension. The elastic response, the contribution of mechanical restructuring, viscosity, and other dissipative effects, as well as interfacial forces, are investigated. yes yes Adhesion; Atomic force microscopy; Elasticity; Force curve; Force mapping; Hydrophobic hydration; Indentation; Interfacial energy; Microgels; Planar-supported lipid bilayers; Polymer mechanics; Single-molecule force spectroscopy; Viscoelasticity; Young’s modulus 2012-05 9780080878621 7 7.19 377 404 28 10.1016/B978-0-444-53349-4.00184-9 Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270164 374535a9-6a01-47b3-a98e-7116b93c8f20 Zhahirul Islam aut Michel Gilbert aut HHT TSH Quazi D. Mohammad aut Kevin Klaij aut Jianjun Li aut HHT TSH Wouter van Rijs aut Anne P. Tio-Gillen aut Kaisar A. Talukder aut Hugh J. Willison aut Alex van Belkum aut Hubert P. Endtz aut Bart C. Jacobs aut text article eng Background: Campylobacter jejuni is the predominant antecedent infection in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Molecular mimicry and cross-reactive immune responses to C. jejuni lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS) precipitate the development of GBS, although this mechanism has not been established in patients from developing countries. We determined the carbohydrate mimicry between C. jejuni LOS and gangliosides, and the cross-reactive antibody response in patients with GBS in Bangladesh. Methodology: Sera from 97 GBS patients, and 120 neurological and family controls were tested for antibody reactivity against LOS from C. jejuni isolates from GBS patients in Bangladesh (BD-07, BD-39, BD-10, BD-67 and BD-94) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cross-reactivity to LOS was determined by ELISA. The LOS outer core structures of C. jejuni strains associated with GBS/MFS were determined by mass spectrometry. Principle Findings: IgG antibodies to LOS from C. jejuni BD-07, BD-39, BD-10, and BD-67 IgG antibodies were found in serum from 56%, 58%, 14% and 15% of GBS patients respectively, as compared to very low frequency (<3%) in controls (p<0.001). Monoclonal antibodies specific for GM1 and GD1a reacted strongly with LOS from the C. jejuni strains (BD-07 and BD-39). Mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of GM1 and GD1a carbohydrate mimics in the LOS from C. jejuni BD-07 and BD-39. Both BD-10 and BD-67 express the same LOS outer core, which appears to be a novel structure displaying GA2 and GD3 mimicry. Up to 90-100% of serum reactivity to gangliosides in two patients (DK-07 and DK-39) was inhibited by 50 μg/ml of LOS from the autologous C. jejuni isolates. However, patient DK-07 developed an anti-GD1a immune response while patient DK-39 developed an anti-GM1 immune response. Conclusion: Carbohydrate mimicry between C. jejuni LOS and gangliosides, and cross-reactive serum antibody precipitate the majority of GBS cases in Bangladesh. yes yes antibodies Campylobacter enzyme-linked immunoassays immune response glycosyltransferases molecular mimicry monoclonal antibodies serology 2012-08-27 1932-6203 7 8 e43976 10.1371/journal.pone.0043976 Human Health Therapeutics Thérapeutiques en santé humaine National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270163 39c38e85-15d3-4dba-b806-432016d780a6 Nathaniel M. Gabor aut Zhaohui Zhong aut Kenneth (Ken) Bosnick Bosnick, Ken aut NINT INNT Paul L. McEuen aut text article eng Ultrafast photocurrent measurements are performed on individual carbon nanotube p-i-n photodiodes. The photocurrent response to subpicosecond pulses separated by a variable time delay Δt shows strong photocurrent suppression when two pulses overlap (Δt=0). The picosecond-scale decay time of photocurrent suppression scales inversely with the applied bias VSD, and is twice as long for photon energy above the second subband E22 as compared to lower energy. The observed photocurrent behavior is well described by an escape time model that accounts for carrier effective mass. yes yes Applied bias Carrier effective mass Decay time Electrons and holes Escape time Lower energies Photocurrent measurement Photocurrent response Photon energy Pin photodiode Sub-bands Subpicosecond pulse Ultra-fast Variable time delay Carbon nanotubes Photodiodes Photocurrents 2012-02-24 0031-9007 108 8 87404 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.087404 National Institute for Nanotechnology Institut national de nanotechnologie National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270162 9ccf0b38-8193-4318-89c2-935431793846 M W C (Chandre) Dharma-Wardana Dharma-Wardana, M. W. C. aut SDT TSR text article eng The pair interactions Uij(r) determine the thermodynamics and linear transport properties of matter via the pair-distribution functions (PDFs), i.e., gij(r). Great simplicity is achieved if Uij(r) could be directly used to predict material properties via classical simulations, avoiding many-body wave functions. Warm dense matter (WDM) is encountered in quasiequilibria where the electron temperature Te differs from the ion temperature Ti, as in laser-heated or in shock-compressed matter. The electron PDFs g ee(r) as perturbed by the ions are used to evaluate fully nonlocal exchange-correlation corrections to the free energy, using hydrogen as an example. Electron-ion potentials for ions with a bound core are discussed with Al and Si as examples, for WDM with Te≠Ti, and valid for times shorter than the electron-ion relaxation time. In some cases the potentials develop attractive regions and then become repulsive and "Yukawa-like" for higher Te. These results clarify the origin of initial phonon hardening and rapid release. Pair potentials for shock-heated WDM show that phonon hardening would not occur in most such systems. Defining meaningful quasiequilibrium static transport coefficients consistent with the dynamic values is addressed. There seems to be no meaningful "static conductivity" obtainable by extrapolating experimental or theoretical σ(ω,Ti,Te) to ω→0, unless Ti→Te as well. Illustrative calculations of quasistatic resistivities R(Ti,Te) of laser-heated as well as shock-heated aluminum and silicon are presented using our pseudopotentials, pair potentials, and classical integral equations. The quasistatic resistivities display clear differences in their temperature evolutions, but are not the strict ω→0 limits of the dynamic values. yes yes Attractive Region Classical simulation Electron ions Exchange-correlation correction Higher T Ion temperature Many body wave functions Material property Nonlocal Pair distribution functions Pair interactions Pair potential Phonon hardening Pseudopotentials Quasi-equilibrium Quasi-static Rapid release Static conductivity Temperature evolution Transport coefficient Warm dense matters Aluminum Electron temperature Electrons Hardening Hydrogen Phonons Silicon Thermodynamics Transport properties Wave plasma interactions 2012-09-19 1539-3755 86 3 36407 10.1103/PhysRevE.86.036407 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270161 46cc36ab-dda2-40d7-9717-439e8f0afaaf Yansun Yao aut SDT TSR Dennis D Klug Klug, Dennis D. aut SDT TSR text article eng Phase transitions induced by hydrostatic and uniaxial compression of Si are examined using a density functional-based metadynamics method. A metastable Cmcm structure is predicted to form under hydrostatic compression at 300 K in the pressure range near 20 GPa. Enthalpy calculations indicate that this new phase of Si is energetically competitive with the other Si structures found in this pressure range. This phase is shown to be dynamically stable, with a structure closely related to that of the β-Sn and Imma structures previously identified in experiments. Uniaxial compression at 15 GPa and 300 K obtained simple hexagonal Imma and β-Sn structures. The low energy barrier for the formation of the Cmcm structure from the diamond ambient pressure form suggests that this structure may be seen in experiment with the proper experimental conditions. yes yes 2012-06-21 1098-0121 85 21 214122 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.214122 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270160 6d4de861-d896-4a5c-a68a-cf11b70cee9f Geofrey C (Geof) Aers Aers, G. C. aut SDT TSR Sergei Studenikin Studenikin, S. A. aut SDT TSR Ghislain Granger Granger, G. aut MSS SME Alicia Patricia Kam Kam, A. aut ICT TIC Piotr Zawadzki Zawadzki, P. aut SDT TSR Zbigniew R (Zbig) Wasilewski Wasilewski, Z. R. aut ICT TIC Andrew (Andy) Sachrajda Sachrajda, A. S. aut SDT TSR text article eng Recent experiments with an electrostatically gated structure demonstrated coherent oscillations, involving all three spins of a linear triple dot system. In a combined experimental and theoretical study, we demonstrate coherent doublet/doublet exchange oscillations, leading to arbitrary rotation on the relevant Bloch sphere, and we reveal an interplay between exchange and hyperfine-driven "double coherent beam splitter" oscillations. yes yes 2012-07-18 1098-0121 86 4 45316 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.045316 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270159 da566a57-4c2e-41c0-a1ed-cd1452ac2412 Yansun Yao aut SDT TSR Dennis D Klug Klug, Dennis D. aut SDT TSR text article eng High-pressure phase transformations in LiBH 4 were theoretically investigated using first-principles density functional methods. A series of pressure-induced structural transformations are predicted in LiBH 4, as Pnma (phase II) → I4 1/acd (phase III) → NaCl type (phase V) → NiAs type (phase VI) → polymeric forms. The calculated pressures for the II → III transition and the III → V transition are 0.9 and 27 GPa, respectively, and both agree very well with recent experimental observations. A B1-B8 transformation becomes more favored at higher pressure, and this results in a distorted NiAs structure of LiBH 4. Denoted as phase VI, the distorted NiAs structure is the lowest enthalpy phase of LiBH 4 above 60 GPa and confirmed to be dynamically stable by phonon calculations. The ionic character and band gap of the phase VI decreases with increasing pressure. At still higher pressures, the extended structures formed by polymeric BH 4 layers intercalated by Liδ + cations may exist, and these represent the metallic forms of LiBH 4. Published by the American Physical Society. yes yes 2012-08-15 1098-0121 86 6 64107 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.064107 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270158 444d0a13-412a-4de4-919f-1ed16c999faa Sergei Studenikin Studenikin, S. A. aut SDT TSR Ghislain Granger Granger, G. aut MSS SME Alicia Patricia Kam Kam, A. aut ICT TIC Andrew (Andy) Sachrajda Sachrajda, A. S. aut SDT TSR Zbigniew R (Zbig) Wasilewski Wasilewski, Z. R. aut ICT TIC Philip J Poole Poole, P. J. aut ICT TIC text article eng This paper reports on the observation and analysis of magnetotransport phenomena in the nonlinear differential resistance rxx=dVxx/dI of high-mobility In xGa 1-xAs/InP and GaAs/Al xGa 1-xAs Hall bar samples driven by direct current I dc. Specifically, it is observed that Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations at large filling factors invert their phase at sufficiently large values of Idc. This phase inversion is explained as being due to an electron heating effect. In the quantum Hall effect regime the rxx oscillations transform into diamond-shaped patterns with different slopes corresponding to odd and even filling factors. The diamond-shaped features at odd filling factors can be used as a probe to determine spin energy gaps. A zero current anomaly (ZCA) which manifests itself as a narrow dip in the rxx(Idc) characteristics at zero current is also observed. The ZCA effect strongly depends upon temperature, vanishing above 1 K while the transport diamonds persist to higher temperatures. The transport diamonds and ZCA are fully reproduced in a higher mobility GaAs/AlGaAs Hall bar structure confirming that these phenomena reflect intrinsic properties of two-dimensional systems. yes yes 2012-09-05 1098-0121 86 11 115309 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.115309 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270157 503fb0e7-8d63-49fe-b58a-108eb96921ed Alexander Bogan Bogan, A. aut SDT TSR A. T. Hatke aut Sergei Studenikin Studenikin, S. A. aut SDT TSR Andrew (Andy) Sachrajda Sachrajda, A. aut SDT TSR M. A. Zudov aut L. N. Pfeiffer aut K. W. West aut text article eng We have studied the effect of an in-plane magnetic field on microwave-induced resistance oscillations in a high mobility two-dimensional electron system. We have found that the oscillation amplitude decays exponentially with an in-plane component of the magnetic field B1. While these findings cannot be accounted for by existing theories, our analysis suggests that the decay can be explained by a B1-induced correction to the quantum scattering rate, which is quadratic in B1. yes yes 2012-12-10 1098-0121 86 23 235305 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.235305 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270156 cd212e20-8d19-48c1-a4d9-3bb8880d903a Philip Bustard Bustard, Philip J. aut SDT TSR Rune Lausten Lausten, R. aut SDT TSR Benjamin (Ben) Sussman Sussman, Benjamin J. aut SDT TSR text article eng We demonstrate a scheme for the preparation of molecular alignment and angular momentum orientation using a hybrid combination of two limits of Raman scattering. First a weak, impulsive pump pulse initializes the system via the nonresonant dynamic Stark effect. Then, having overcome the influence of the vacuum fluctuations, an amplification pulse selectively enhances the initial coherences by transient stimulated Raman scattering, generating alignment and angular momentum orientation of molecular hydrogen. The amplitude and phase of the resulting coherent dynamics are experimentally probed, indicating an amplification factor of 4.5. An analytic theory is developed to model the dynamics. yes yes Amplification factors Analytic theory Angular momentum orientation Coherent dynamics Molecular hydrogen Nonresonant dynamic Stark effects Physical societies Pump pulse Scattering techniques Vacuum fluctuations Amplification Angular momentum Optical pumping 2012-11-26 1050-2947 86 5 53419 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.053419 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270155 d801e383-88c5-4ad7-b9fc-8f908e5db1da C. Alonso-Ramos aut R. Halir aut A. Ortega-Moñux aut Pavel Cheben Cheben, P. aut ICT TIC L. Vivien aut Í. Molina-Fernández aut ICT TIC D. Marris-Morini aut Siegfried Janz Janz, S. aut ICT TIC Dan-Xia Xu Xu, D.-X. aut ICT TIC Jens Holger Schmid Schmid, J. aut ICT TIC text article eng Integrated polarization rotators are known to exhibit stringent fabrication tolerances, which severely handicap their practical application. Here we present a general polarization rotator scheme that enables both the compensation of fabrication errors and wavelength tunability. The scheme is described analytically, and a condition for perfect polarization conversion is established. Simulations of a silicon-on-insulator polarization rotator show polarization extinction ratios in excess of 40 dB even in the presence of large fabrication errors that in a conventional rotator configuration degrade the extinction ratio to below 5 dB. Additionally, wavelength tuning over ±30 nm is shown. yes yes Extinction ratios Fabrication errors Fabrication tolerances Polarization conversion Polarization extinction ratio Polarization rotator Silicon on insulator Tunable wave-guides Wavelength tunability Wavelength tuning Errors Fabrication Optical communication 2012-08-21 0146-9592 37 17 3534 3536 3 10.1364/OL.37.003534 Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270154 73bbab35-cac6-409f-b543-b7975d2cee1b C. Alonso-Ramos aut L. Zavargo-Peche aut A. Ortega-Moñux aut R. Halir aut I. Molina-Fernández aut Pavel Cheben Cheben, P. aut ICT TIC text article eng Grating couplers are a promising approach to implement efficient fiber-chip coupling. However, their strong polarization dependence makes dual-polarization operation challenging. In this Letter we propose, for the first time, a polarization-independent grating coupler for thick rib silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides. Coupling efficiency is optimized by designing the grating pitch and duty cycle, without varying the bottom oxide thickness, which significantly simplifies practical implementation. Directivity of the grating coupler is enhanced by a high reflectivity layer under the bottom oxide after the selective removal of the Si substrate. Dual-polarization coupling efficiency of -2.8 dB is shown. yes yes Coupling efficiency Directivity Dual-polarizations Duty cycles Fiber chip coupling Grating couplers Grating pitch High reflectivity Oxide thickness Polarization dependence Polarization-independent Practical implementation Selective removal Si substrates Silicon on insulator waveguide Silicon rib waveguides Waveguides Polarization 2012-08-29 0146-9592 37 17 3663 3665 3 10.1364/OL.37.003663 Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270153 38b28ac8-c949-48f0-b90d-42b3f153c4f4 Charles (Charlie) Bamber Bamber, C. aut INMS IENM Brandon Sutherland Sutherland, B. aut INMS IENM Aabid Patel Patel, A. aut INMS IENM Corey Stewart Stewart, C. aut INMS IENM Jeffrey (Jeff) Lundeen Lundeen, J. S. aut INMS IENM text article eng We present a method for measuring the transverse electric field profile of a beam of light which allows for direct phase retrieval. The measured values correspond, within a normalization constant, to the real and imaginary parts of the electric field in a plane normal to the direction of propagation. This technique represents a self-referencing method for probing the wavefront characteristics of light. yes yes 2012-01-13 1094-4087 20 3 2034 2044 11 10.1364/OE.20.002034 NRC Institute for National Measurement Standards Institut des étalons nationaux de mesure du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270152 1196a3e2-6c0b-44c2-b666-85e125ae6edd Hans Riesen aut Aleksander K. Rebane aut Alexander (Alex) Szabo Szabo, Alex aut SDT TSR Ivana Carceller aut text article eng We report on the observation of slow light induced by transient spectral hole-burning in a solidthat is based on excited-state population storage. Experiments were conducted in the R1-line (2E-4A2 transition) of a 2.3 mm thick pink ruby (Al2O3:Cr(III) 130 ppm). Importantlythe pulse delay can be controlled by the application of a low external magnetic field B||c≪9 mT and delays of up to 11 ns with minimal pulse distortion are observed for ∼55 ns Gaussian pulses. The delay corresponds to a group velocity value of ∼c/1400. The experiment is very well modelled by linear spectral filter theory and the results indicate the possibility of using transient hole-burning based slow light experiments as a spectroscopic technique. yes yes External magnetic field Gaussian pulse Group velocities Hole burning Linear spectral Low magnetic fields Pulse delay Pulse distortion Spectral-hole burning Spectroscopic technique Chromium compounds Magnetic fields Ruby Slow light Computer simulation Radiation scattering Refractometry 2012-08-03 1094-4087 20 17 19039 19049 11 10.1364/OE.20.019039 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270151 5b542ae1-c6be-4e2e-9580-4f9e5d52493e Guy Rousseau aut EME EME Alain Blouin aut EME EME text article eng In state-of-the-art laser ultrasonics (LU), the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is limited by the shot noise of the detected laser radiation. Further improving the SNR then requires averaging multiple signals or increasing generation and/or detection laser intensities. The former strategy is time consuming and the latter leads to surface damages. For signal-independent limiting noises, Hadamard multiplexing increases the SNR by averaging multiple signals in parallel using a single detector. Here we consider the use of Hadamard multiplexing in LU for the non-contact ultrasonic inspection of materials. By using 31 element Hadamard masks to modulate the spatial intensity distribution of the generation laser beam, the measured SNR is improved by a factor 2.8, in good agreement with the expected multiplexing or Fellgett advantage. In contrast to many other applications of Hadamard multiplexing, the SNR is improved for shot-noise-limited measurements since the shot noise level is independent of the signal in LU. The Hadamard multiplexing of the detection laser beam is also considered but can only lead to a throughput or Jacquinot advantage. However, for pulse-echo LU, the Hadamard multiplexing of both generation and detection laser beams allows using the synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT). yes yes Hadamard multiplexing Laser intensities Laser ultrasonics Non-contact ultrasonic inspection Pulse echoes Shot-noise level Signaltonoise ratio (SNR) Spatial intensity distribution Surface damages Synthetic aperture focusing techniques Chemical detection Detectors Laser beams Shot noise Signal detection Signal to noise ratio 2012-10-31 1094-4087 20 23 25798 25816 19 10.1364/OE.20.025798 NRC-EME-53217 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Energy, Mining and Environment Énergie, mines et environnement National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270150 1e4b6963-fcf6-4392-af16-a95c1e21310e Yuki Atsumi aut ICT TIC Dan-Xia Xu aut ICT TIC André Delâge aut ICT TIC Jens Holger Schmid Schmid, Jens H. aut ICT TIC Martin Vachon aut ICT TIC Pavel Cheben aut ICT TIC Siegfried Janz aut ICT TIC Nobuhiko Nishiyama aut Shigehisa Arai aut text article eng For silicon wire based ring resonator biosensors, we investigate the simultaneous retrieval of changes in the fluidic refractive index Δn c and surface adsorbed molecular film thickness ΔdF. This can be achieved by monitoring the resonance shifts of the sensors operating in the TE and TM polarizations at the same time. Although this procedure is straightforward in principle, significant retrieval errors can be introduced due to deviations in the sensor waveguide cross-sections from their nominal values in the range commonly encountered for silicon photonic wire devices. We propose a method of determining the fabricated waveguide size using the group indices derived from measured free spectral range (FSR) of the resonators. We further demonstrate that using experimentally measured group index values, the waveguide size can be determined to accuracies of ± 2 nm in width and ± 1 nm in height. By using this procedure, Δn c and ΔdF can be obtained to a precision of within 10% of the true values using optically measurable parameters, improving the retrieval accuracy by more than 3 times. yes yes 2012-11-15 1094-4087 20 24 26969 26977 9 10.1364/OE.20.026969 Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270149 593928fd-2209-4c37-a3b3-e5f1d8f28b59 Sébastien Delorme aut MD DM Denis Laroche aut MD DM Robert Diraddo DiRaddo, Robert aut MD DM Rolando F. Del Maestro aut text article eng BACKGROUND: A virtual reality neurosurgery simulator with haptic feedback may help in the training and assessment of technical skills requiring the use of tactile and visual cues. OBJECTIVE: To develop a simulator for craniotomy-based procedures with haptic and graphics feedback for implementation by universities and hospitals in the neurosurgery training curriculum. METHODS: NeuroTouch was developed by a team of more than 50 experts from the National Research Council Canada in collaboration with surgeons from more than 20 teaching hospitals across Canada. Its main components are a stereovision system, bimanual haptic tool manipulators, and a high-end computer. The simulation software engine runs 3 processes for computing graphics, haptics, and mechanics. Training tasks were built from magnetic resonance imaging scans of patients with brain tumors. RESULTS: Two training tasks were implemented for practicing skills with 3 different surgical tools. In the tumor-debulking task, the objective is complete tumor removal without removing normal tissue, using the regular surgical aspirator (suction) and the ultrasonic aspirator. The objective of the tumor cauterization task is to remove a vascularized tumor with an aspirator while controlling blood loss using bipolar electrocautery. CONCLUSION: NeuroTouch prototypes have been set up in 7 teaching hospitals across Canada, to be used for beta testing and validation and evaluated for integration in a neurosurgery training curriculum. yes yes Computer simulation, Craniotomy, Neurosurgery, Teaching, Training 2012-09-01 0148-396X 71 Supplement 1 Operative Neurosurgery ons32 ons42 10.1227/NEU.0b013e318249c744 Medical Devices Dispositifs médicaux National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270148 de1551c4-7060-4dc0-a563-3ca634939fee Yadienka Martinez-Rubi Martinez-Rubi, Y. aut SDT TSR J. M. Gonzalez-Dominguez aut A. Ansón-Casaos aut Christopher (Chris) Kingston Kingston, C. T. aut SDT TSR Malgorzata (Malgosia) Daroszewska Daroszewska, M. aut SDT TSR Michael Barnes Barnes, M. aut SDT TSR P. Hubert aut C. Cattin aut M. T. Martinez aut Benoit Simard Simard, B. aut SDT TSR text article eng We have modified single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with well defined matrix-based architectures to improve interface interaction in SWCNT/epoxy composites. The hardener and two pre-synthesized oligomers containing epoxy and hardener moieties were covalently attached to the SWCNT walls by insitu diazonium or carboxylic coupling reactions. In this way, SWCNTs bearing amine or epoxide-terminated fragments of different molecular weights, which resemble the chemical structure of the cured resin, were synthesized. A combination of characterization techniques such as Raman and infrared absorption (FTIR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis and coupled thermogravimetry-FTIR spectroscopy were used to identify both the functional groups and degree of functionalization of SWCNTs synthesized by the laser ablation and arc-discharge methods. Depending on the type of reaction employed for the chemical functionalization and the molecular weight of the attached fragment, it was possible to control the degree of functionalization and the electronic properties of the functionalized SWCNTs. Improved dispersion of SWCNTs in the epoxy matrix was achieved by direct integration without using solvents, as observed from optical microscopy and rheology measurements of the SWCNT/epoxy mixtures. Composite materials using these fillers are expected to exhibit improved properties while preserving the thermosetting architecture. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd. yes yes Arc-discharge method Characterization techniques Chemical functionalization Coupling reaction Direct integration Epoxy matrices FTIR Interface interaction Rheology measurement Chemical bonds Electronic properties Functional groups Molecular weight Oligomers Optical microscopy Thermogravimetric analysis Thermosets Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy 2012-06-21 0957-4484 23 28 285701 10.1088/0957-4484/23/28/285701 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270147 82023bc6-06ea-403c-a1d0-5bda8c05622e Philip J Poole Poole, P. J. aut ICT TIC Dan Dalacu Dalacu, D. aut ICT TIC Xiaohua Wu Wu, X. aut ICT TIC Jean Lapointe Lapointe, J. aut ICT TIC Khaled Mnaymneh Mnaymneh, K. aut SDT TSR text article eng The interplay between crystal phase purity and radial growth in InP nanowires is investigated. By modifying the growth rate and V/III ratio, regions of high or low stacking fault density can be controllably introduced into wurtzite nanowires. It is found that regions with high stacking fault density encourage radial growth. Through careful choice of growth conditions pure wurtzite InP nanowires are then grown which exhibit narrow 4.2K photoluminescence linewidths of 3.7meV at 1.490meV, and no evidence of emission related to stacking faults or zincblende insertions. yes yes Condensed matter: electrical, magnetic and optical; Semiconductors; Surfaces, interfaces and thin films; Condensed matter: structural, mechanical & thermal; Nanoscale science and low-D systems 2012-09-05 0957-4484 23 38 385205 10.1088/0957-4484/23/38/385205 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270146 76109713-d1b9-4318-9542-1bc940bce10d J. H. Grunhut aut T. Rivinius aut G. A. Wade aut R. H. D. Townsend aut W. L. F. Marcolino aut David A Bohlender Bohlender, D. A. aut HIA IHA T. Szeifert aut V. Petit aut J. M. Matthews aut J. F. Rowe aut A. F. J. Moffat aut T. Kallinger aut R. Kuschnig aut D. B. Guenther aut S. M. Rucinski aut D. Sasselov aut W. W. Weiss aut text article eng We report the discovery and analysis of a very strong magnetic field in the rapidly rotating early B-type star HR5907, based on observations obtained as part of the Magnetism in Massive Stars (MiMeS) project. We infer a rotation period of 0.508276 +0.000015 -0.000012d from photometric and Hα EW measurements, making this the shortest period, non-degenerate, magnetic massive star known to date. From the comparison of IUE UV and optical spectroscopy with LTE bruce/kylie models we find a solid-angle integrated, uniform black-body temperature of 17000 ± 1000K, a projected rotational velocity of 290 ± 10kms -1, an equatorial radius of 3.1 ± 0.2R ⊙, a stellar mass of 5.5 ± 0.5M ⊙, and an inclination angle of the rotation axis to our line-of-sight of 70 ± 10°. Our measurements of the longitudinal magnetic field, which vary between -500 and -2000G, phase coherently with the rotation period and imply a surface dipole field strength of ∼15.7kG. On the other hand, from fits to mean Least-Squares Deconvolved Stokes V line profiles we infer a dipole field strength of ∼10.4kG. This disagreement may result from a magnetic configuration more complex than our model, and/or from the non-uniform helium surface abundance distribution. In either case we obtain a magnetic obliquity nearly aligned with the rotation axis Our optical spectroscopy also shows weak variability in carbon, silicon and nitrogen lines. The emission variability in hydrogen Balmer and Paschen lines indicates the presence of a dense, highly structured magnetosphere, interpreted as a centrifugally supported, magnetically confined circumstellar disc. © 2011 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2011 RAS. yes yes 2012 0035-8711 419 2 1610 1627 18 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19824.x NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270145 af776666-1c70-47a4-b000-407ad737aa7b G. M. Kennedy aut M. C. Wyatt aut B. Sibthorpe aut N. M. Phillips aut Brenda Matthews Matthews, B. C. aut NSI ISN J. S. Greaves aut text article eng We present resolved Herschel images of circumbinary debris discs in the α CrB (HD 139006) and β Tri (HD13161) systems. By modelling their structure, we find that both discs are consistent with being aligned with the binary orbital planes. Though secular perturbations from the binary can bring the disc into alignment, in both cases the alignment time at the distances at which the disc is resolved is greater than the stellar age, so we conclude that the coplanarity was primordial. Neither disc can be modelled as a narrow ring, requiring extended radial distributions. To satisfy both the Herschel and mid-infrared images of the α CrB disc, we construct a model that extends from 1 to 300 au, whose radial profile is broadly consistent with a picture where planetesimal collisions are excited by secular perturbations from the binary. However, this model is also consistent with stirring by other mechanisms, such as the formation of Pluto-sized objects. The β Tri disc is modelled as a disc that extends from 50 to 400 au. A model with depleted (rather than empty) inner regions also reproduces the observations and is consistent with binary and other stirring mechanisms. As part of the modelling process, we find that the Herschel PACS (Photodetector and Array Camera & Spectrometer) beam varies by as much as 10 per cent at 70 μm and a few per cent at 100 μm. The 70 μm variation can therefore hinder image interpretation, particularly for poorly resolved objects. The number of systems in which circumbinary debris disc orientations have been compared with the binary plane is now 4. More systems are needed, but a picture in which discs around very close binaries (α CrB, β Tri and HD 98800, with periods of a few weeks to a year) are aligned, and discs around wider binaries (99 Her, with a period of 50 yr) are misaligned, may be emerging. This picture is qualitatively consistent with the expectation that the protoplanetary discs from which the debris emerged are more likely to be aligned if their binaries have shorter periods. yes yes 2012 0035-8711 426 3 2115 2128 14 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21865.x National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270144 221599f9-5f45-46db-8f63-85aa6f6cb7a4 Amit A. Nanavati aut Nitendra Rajput aut Alexander Rudnicky aut Markku Turunen aut Thomas Sandholm aut Cosmin Munteanu aut ICT TIC Gerald Penn aut 2012 14th ACM International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services, MobileHCI'12, September 21-24, 2012, San Francisco, CA, USA text article eng The SiMPE workshop series started in 2006 [2] with the goal of enabling speech processing on mobile and embedded devices to meet the challenges of pervasive environments (such as noise) and leveraging the context they offer (such as location). SiMPE 2010 and 2011 brought together researchers from the speech and the HCI communities. Multimodality got more attention in SiMPE 2008 than it had received in the previous years. In SiMPE 2007, the focus was on developing regions. Speech User interaction in cars was a focus area in 2009. With SiMPE 2012, the 7th in the series, we hope to explore the area of speech along with sound. When using the mobile in an eyes-free manner, it is natural and convenient to hear about notifications and events. The arrival of an SMS has used a very simple sound based notification for a long time now. The technologies underlying speech processing and sound processing are quite different and these communities have been working mostly independent of each other. And yet, for multimodal interactions on the mobile, it is perhaps natural to ask whether and how speech and sound can be mixed and used more effectively and naturally. yes yes Audio interaction Developing regions Embedded device Multi-Modal Interactions Multi-modality Pervasive environments Previous year Sound processing User interaction Acoustic waves Human computer interaction Mobile computing Mobile devices Speech processing Ubiquitous computing Audio acoustics 2012 978-1-4503-1105-2 978-1-4503-1443-5 251 253 3 10.1145/2371664.2371727 Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270143 d6f5521d-91a8-4ceb-a351-e01947a0fae3 Alan George Steele Steele, A. G. aut INMS IENM Juris Meija Meija, J. aut INMS IENM Carlos Sanchez Sanchez, C. A. aut INMS IENM Lu Yang Yang, L. aut INMS IENM Barry M Wood Wood, B. M. aut INMS IENM Ralph Edward Sturgeon Sturgeon, R. E. aut INMS IENM Zoltan Mester Mester, Z. aut INMS IENM A. D. Inglis aut INMS IENM text article eng The next revision to the International System of Units will emphasize the relationship between the base units (kilogram, metre, second, ampere, kelvin, candela and mole) and fundamental constants of nature (the speed of light, c, the Planck constant, h, the elementary charge, e, the Boltzmann constant, k B, the Avogadro constant, N A, etc). The redefinition cannot proceed without consistency between two complementary metrological approaches to measuring h: a 'physics' approach, using watt balances and the equivalence principle between electrical and mechanical force, and a 'chemistry' approach that can be viewed as determining the mass of a single atom of silicon. We report the first high precision physics and chemistry results that agree within 12 parts per billion: h (watt balance) = 6.626 070 63(43) × 10 -34Js and h(silicon) = 6.626 070 55(21) × 10 -34Js. When combined with values determined by other metrology laboratories, this work helps to constrain our knowledge of h to 20 parts per billion, moving us closer to a redefinition of the metric system used around the world. © 2012 BIPM & IOP Publishing Ltd. yes yes Avogadro constant Boltzmann constants Elementary charge Equivalence principles Fundamental constants High precision Mechanical force Parts per billion Planck constants Single atoms Watt balance Engineering Metallurgical engineering Metric system 2012-01-20 0026-1394 49 1 L8 L10 10.1088/0026-1394/49/1/L03 NRC Institute for National Measurement Standards Institut des étalons nationaux de mesure du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270142 4bfa23b0-263d-482c-914b-869862aca8ef B. Fellmuth aut L. Wolber aut D. I. Head aut Y. Hermier aut Kenneth D (Ken) Hill Hill, K. D. aut INMS IENM T. Nakano aut F. Pavese aut A. Peruzzi aut R. L. Rusby aut V. Shkraba aut Alan George Steele Steele, A. G. aut INMS IENM P. P. M. Steur aut A. Szmyrka-Grzebyk aut W. L. Tew aut L. Wang aut D. R. White aut text article eng An overview of the results of an international star intercomparison of low-temperature fixed points is given. Between 1997 and 2005, 68 sealed triple-point cells (STPCs) of the twelve laboratories represented by the authors were investigated at PTB. The STPCs are used to realize the triple points of hydrogen, neon, oxygen and argon as defining fixed points of the International Temperature Scale of 1990, ITS-90. The melting curves (MCs) of all STPCs have been measured on the same experimental equipment, adhering strictly to a single measurement program. This protocol enables separation of the effects influencing the MCs and direct comparison of the thermal behaviour of the STPCs, which are quite different with respect to design, age, gas source and filling technology. In the paper, special emphasis is given to the spread of the liquidus-point temperatures and to the uncertainty of their determination. Connections between the star intercomparison and completed and ongoing international activities are also discussed. © 2012 BIPM & IOP Publishing Ltd. yes yes Experimental equipments Filling technologies Fixed points Gas sources Intercomparisons International Temperature Scale of 1990 Low temperatures Measurement programs Melting curves Thermal behaviours Triple points Argon Hydrogen Neon Stars Temperature Source separation 2012-03-12 0026-1394 49 3 257 265 9 10.1088/0026-1394/49/3/257 NRC Institute for National Measurement Standards Institut des étalons nationaux de mesure du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270141 aaa4fb58-69a9-4536-8e32-622513b075db Z. Jiang aut V. Pálinkáš aut F.E. Arias aut J. Liard aut S. Merlet aut H. Wilmes aut L. Vitushkin aut L. Robertsson aut L. Tisserand aut F. Pereira Dos Santos aut Q. Bodart aut R. Falk aut H. Baumann aut S. Mizushima aut J. Mäkinen aut M. Bilker-Koivula aut C. Lee aut I.M. Choi aut B. Karaboce aut W. Ji aut Q. Wu aut D. Ruess aut C. Ullrich aut J. Kostelecký aut D. Schmerge aut M. Eckl aut L. Timmen aut N. Le Moigne aut R. Bayer aut T. Olszak aut J. Ågren aut C. Del Negro aut F. Greco aut M. Diament aut S. Deroussi aut S. Bonvalot aut J. Krynski aut M. Sekowski aut H. Hu aut L.J. Wang aut S. Svitlov aut A. Germak aut O. Francis aut M. Becker aut Dave Inglis Inglis, D. aut MSS SME I. Robinson aut text article eng The 8th International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters (ICAG2009) took place at the headquarters of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) from September to October 2009. It was the first ICAG organized as a key comparison in the framework of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement of the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM MRA) (CIPM 1999). ICAG2009 was composed of a Key Comparison (KC) as defined by the CIPM MRA, organized by the Consultative Committee for Mass and Related Quantities (CCM) and designated as CCM.G-K1. Participating gravimeters and their operators came from national metrology institutes (NMIs) or their designated institutes (DIs) as defined by the CIPM MRA. A Pilot Study (PS) was run in parallel in order to include gravimeters and their operators from other institutes which, while not signatories of the CIPM MRA, nevertheless play important roles in international gravimetry measurements. The aim of the CIPM MRA is to have international acceptance of the measurement capabilities of the participating institutes in various fields of metrology. The results of CCM.G-K1 thus constitute an accurate and consistent gravity reference traceable to the SI (International System of Units), which can be used as the global basis for geodetic, geophysical and metrological observations of gravity. The measurements performed afterwards by the KC participants can be referred to the international metrological reference, i.e. they are SI-traceable. The ICAG2009 was complemented by a number of associated measurements: the Relative Gravity Campaign (RGC2009), high-precision levelling and an accurate gravity survey in support of the BIPM watt balance project. The major measurements took place at the BIPM between July and October 2009. Altogether 24 institutes with 22 absolute gravimeters (one of the 22 AGs was ultimately withdrawn) and nine relative gravimeters participated in the ICAG/RGC campaign. This paper is focused on the absolute gravity campaign. We review the history of the ICAGs and present the organization, data processing and the final results of the ICAG2009. After almost thirty years of hosting eight successive ICAGs, the CIPM decided to transfer the responsibility for piloting the future ICAGs to NMIs, although maintaining a supervisory role through its Consultative Committee for Mass and Related Quantities. © 2012 BIPM & IOP Publishing Ltd. yes yes Absolute gravimeter Absolute gravimetry Absolute gravity CIPM MRA Gravity survey High-precision International Committee for Weights and Measures International comparison Key comparison Mutual recognition arrangements National metrology institutes Pilot studies Watt balance Data processing Metric system Gravimeters 2012-10-05 0026-1394 49 6 666 684 19 10.1088/0026-1394/49/6/666 Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270140 b8dc6bed-fdd6-42c7-99db-80699c494cd6 Brad Andrew Downton Downton, B. aut INMS IENM Stewart Walker Walker, S. aut INMS IENM text article eng Purpose: To eliminate variation in electrometer calibration results caused by high humidity and suboptimal connectors on the standard capacitors and to implement hardware that prevents overloading of the input stage of electrometers during calibration. Methods: A humidity-controlled cabinet was installed to provide a low-humidity environment for the standard capacitors. All of the coaxial BNC connections were replaced with Triax (TRB) connectors with the exception of the output from the voltage source. A three-stage RC filter with cascaded RC low-pass sections was designed and tested. Results: The installation of the humidity cabinet resulted in a major improvement in the stability and reproducibility of the electrometer calibration system. For the three years since this upgrade, the Ionizing Radiation Standards (IRS) electrometer calibration results have been consistent regardless of the ambient relative humidity in the lab. The connector replacements improved grounding in the calibration circuit. The three-stage filter allows the voltage at the output to rise in an S-shaped waveform, resulting in a smooth rise of the current through the isolation resistor from zero and back again, with no abrupt transition. For the filter design chosen, 99.99 of the charge is delivered within 6 s. Conclusions: A three-way improvement to the calibration measurement system was successful in eliminating the observed variations, resulting in an electrometer calibration measurement system that is unaffected by humidity and allowing reliable year-round calibrations of any electrometer encountered since the implementation of these changes. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes article calibration computer assisted radiotherapy electric capacitance equipment equipment design humidity instrumentation radiometry reproducibility sensitivity and specificity standard static electricity Calibration Electric Capacitance Equipment Design Equipment Failure Analysis Humidity Radiometry Radiotherapy, Conformal Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity Static Electricity 2012-02-01 0094-2405 39 2 984 987 4 10.1118/1.3679011 NRC Institute for National Measurement Standards Institut des étalons nationaux de mesure du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270135 d0d0e33b-1359-49ad-adce-546d3483a04b Hugo Bouchard aut Malcolm McEwen aut MSS SME text article eng yes yes film dosimeter human letter methodology standard Film Dosimetry Humans 2012-11-01 0094-2405 39 11 7171 7172 2 10.1118/1.4762820 Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270134 7fad606b-031f-4f8f-bacd-263feda559b0 Marine Carpuat aut IIT ITI Yuval Marton aut Nizar Habash aut text article eng We study challenges raised by the order of Arabic verbs and their subjects in statistical machine translation (SMT). We show that the boundaries of post-verbal subjects (VS) are hard to detect accurately, even with a state-of-the-art Arabic dependency parser. In addition, VS constructions have highly ambiguous reordering patterns when translated to English, and these patterns are very different for matrix (main clause) VS and non-matrix (subordinate clause) VS. Based on this analysis, we propose a novel method for leveraging VS information in SMT: we reorder VS constructions into pre-verbal (SV) order for word alignment. Unlike previous approaches to source-side reordering, phrase extraction and decoding are performed using the original Arabic word order. This strategy significantly improves BLEU and TER scores, even on a strong large-scale baseline. Limiting reordering to matrix VS yields further improvements. yes yes Statistical machine translation; Reordering; VS; Post-verbal subjects; Matrix subject; Subject detection; Word alignment; Dependency parsing 2012-03-01 0922-6567 1573-0573 26 1-2 105 120 16 10.1007/s10590-011-9112-y NRC Institute for Information Technology Institut de technologie de l'information du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270133 b822c6ac-5874-4beb-bb1f-501d403bb714 Madeline Lee aut IAR IRA William Morris aut Jeff Harris aut George Leblanc aut IAR IRA text article eng Lineament analysis is commonly undertaken by interpreting a wide range of geoscientific data to delineate geologic structures. These structures include faults, fractures, dykes, and lithological contacts, which provide information for geologic mapping and mineral and energy exploration. We offer a simple automatic lineament analysis method that combines the principles of peak-identification algorithms typically used in geophysical data interpretation and a GIS drainage "network-extraction" algorithm commonly applied to a topographic surface. We apply this network-extraction process to a magnetic surface (grid) rather than a topographic one. The GIS approach calculates the curvature of a surface to determine whether a specific coordinate is at a minimum (trough). A simple quadratic surface is computed for a moving 3 × 3 window to determine if the local surface has the form of a dipping plane (or a trough). Continuity of troughs between adjacent kernels defines lineaments that typically correspond to streamflow pathways when analysis is carried out on a topographic surface. On a magnetic anomaly map surface, network extraction identifies magnetic lows that may represent faults that have undergone magnetite (depletion) alteration, or dykes with predominantly reversed polarity remanence. As network extraction is designed to locate troughs, it is possible to isolate normally magnetized dykes by inverting the values of a magnetic data set by to produce ridges. This modified ridge analysis method is successfully applied to three synthetic data sets, showing that network extraction offers the principal benefits of continuity in solutions to produce polylines (over isolated ridge solutions), automation for consistency and reliability, and optional amplitude thresholding. © 2012 Society of Exploration Geophysicists. yes yes Amplitude thresholding Energy exploration Geologic mapping Geologic structures Geophysical data Geoscientific data Lineament analysis Local surfaces Magnetic anomalies Magnetic data Magnetic surfaces Magnetic surveys Polylines Quadratic surfaces Ridge analysis Synthetic datasets Data processing Geographic information systems Geological surveys Lithology Magnetic polarity Reliability analysis 2012-01-01 1070-485X 31 1 26 31 6 10.1190/1.3679324 NRC Institute for Aerospace Research Institut de recherche aérospatiale du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270130 df1de529-6cd3-4872-839c-6637fe668190 Toru Takahama aut Ryo Inomata aut Kenji Terabayashi aut Kazunori Umeda aut Guy D Godin Godin, Guy aut ICT TIC 14th International Conference on Precision Engineering, ICPE 2012, November 8-10, 2012, Hyogo text article eng Texture mapping on scanned objects, which is the method to map color images on a 3D geometric model measured by a range image sensor, is often used for constructing a realistic 3D model. Color images are affected by the illumination conditions. Therefore, discontinuities of seams occur when simply applying texture mapping. In this paper, we propose a method for correcting the discontinuities using a range intensity image. A range intensity image is a kind of intensity image that is related to the reflectance ratio of the measured points, simultaneously acquired with a range image using an active range sensor. The method estimates the color information that is not affected by the lighting environment using multiple color images and a range intensity image. As a result, the method is effective to construct a 3D model with seamless color images. The effectiveness of the correction method is illustrated by experiments with real-world objects. yes yes 3D models; colour image; rage intensity image; texture mapping 2012-11-12 1013-9826 9783037855096 523-524 362 367 6 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.523-524.362 Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270128 df5ebc09-feb0-491a-ac9f-2ebcf9272317 Wei Peng aut IRC IRC Rene V. Mayorga aut Syed Abdul Vakeel Imran Imran, Syed aut IRC IRC text article eng Although many optimization methods can be applied to real-time multiple source drinking water blending problems, the field still lacks an approach to rapidly produce a robust optimal solution by simultaneously optimizing multiple objectives. This paper develops a fuzzy multiple response surface methodology (FMRSM) to achieve this objective. In the FMRSM, experimental data are fitted to mean response surface models while the residuals (the error between the predicted response of the mean model and the measured data of the real system) are fitted to standard deviation models. Fuzzy linear programming using the min-operator approach is applied to optimize the multiple objectives. Six scenarios are designed based on data from a real-time multiple source drinking water blending operation. The results show the FMRSM is a robust, computationally efficient optimization approach. The FMRSM could be extended to other real-time multi-objective non-linear optimization problems. © IWA Publishing 2012. yes yes fuzzy optimization; multi-objective; real-time operation; robust optimum; water quality 2012 0003-7214 61 2 111 122 12 10.2166/aqua.2012.037 NRC Institute for Research in Construction Institut de recherche en construction du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270127 e5d752ac-73c9-45a6-b096-2fd1be3f68d9 Alexis Laforgue aut AST ATS Lucie Robitaille aut AST ATS Meeting of The Electrochemical Society, May 1–6, 2011, Montreal, QC, Canada text article eng Several commercially available separators as well as novel ultraporous electrospun nonwovens were evaluated in mild aqueous supercapacitor cells, using conventional electrochemical techniques. A special laboratory test-cell was designed and fabricated to accurately control the pressure applied to the stack. It was shown that the separator layer not only affects the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the cell (high frequency range) but has also an influence on its time constant (medium frequency range). Both ESR and time constant were found to be directly proportional to the separator thickness. Higher porosity and higher pore size were found to lead to better performance, especially at higher power demand. The electrospun separators outperformed the other separator structures in a disruptive manner, most probably due to a synergetic effect of higher porosity and higher pore size. © 2012 The Electrochemical Society. yes yes Better performance Electrochemical techniques Electrochemical testing Equivalent series resistance Frequency ranges Medium-frequency range Super capacitor Synergetic effect Capacitors Electric resistance Pore size Separators 2012-07-17 0013-4651 159 7 1634 A929 A936 10.1149/2.020207jes Automotive and Surface Transportation Automobile et transport de surface National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270126 13efdd8f-86d2-4edc-87f5-4eeb0e7e6d66 Rahil Khoshnazar aut CONST CONST James J (Jim) Beaudoin Beaudoin, James J. aut CONST CONST Rouhollah Alizadeh aut Laila Raki aut CONST CONST text article eng The volume stability of calcium sulfoaluminate phases exposed to water, lime, and gypsum environments was investigated. The length changes of compacted specimens of synthetic monosulfate and ettringite were monitored in distilled water, lime-saturated water, gypsum-saturated water, and saturated water vapor. The X-ray diffraction analysis was also performed on the samples to assess the changes in the crystalline structure of each phase. Evidence was provided in support of the significant role of dissolution of monosulfate and ettringite, and the leaching of their constituent ions, on the expansion of these phases. © 2012 The American Ceramic Society. yes yes Constituent ions Crystalline structure Distilled water Ettringites Saturated water Sulfoaluminate Volume stability Gypsum Leaching X ray diffraction analysis Lime 2012-10-26 0002-7820 95 12 3979 3984 6 10.1111/jace.12040 Construction Construction National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270123 1a35921b-63a2-4519-8434-dc094e8e5690 David Rancourt aut Mathieu Picard aut Marc Denninger aut Jean-Sébastien Plante aut Jihua Chen aut AERO AERO Ali Yousefpour aut AERO AERO text article eng The rim-rotor rotary-ramjet engine (R4E) is a new propulsion-system design with the potential to significantly improve power density and reduce complexity of conventional gas turbines, thus making it an interesting alternative for future transportation and stationary power systems. This paper presents the structural design and an experiment validation of a proof-of-concept prototype that can sustain 560 m=s (200 krpm) and transient combustion, which is initiated by an integrated-ignition system.Ahigh-strength carbon-polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composite winding is used around the ramjet blades to support the high g load and includes the flame holder. A6.5-cm prototype is spun up to 188 krpm at rim temperature, reaching 473-K for short periods without failure or rotordynamics issues. Several ignitions and high-temperature combustion of 1 s were achieved at 80,000 rpm. High-combustion temperature for 1 s led to the failure of turbine blades. Total and partial failures of the rim rotor demonstrated the concept safety, as all projections were contained without important damage. Copyright © 2012 by the authors. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. yes yes Experimental validations Flame holder G-loads High-temperature combustion Partial failure Power densities Proof of concept Rotor-dynamics Short periods Stationary power systems Turbine blade Ethers Structural design Ignition 2012-11 0748-4658 28 6 1293 1303 11 10.2514/1.B34227 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270122 cce58c9e-0ded-4ca9-b630-286ef9dd6cb0 André Charbonneau Charbonneau, A. aut NRC CNRC A. Agarwal aut M. Anderson aut P. Armstrong aut K. Fransham aut I. Gable aut D. Harris aut Roger William Impey Impey, R. aut NRC CNRC C. Leavett-Brown aut M. Paterson aut Wayne Podaima Podaima, W. aut NRC CNRC R.J. Sobie aut M. Vliet aut 25th High Performance Computing Symposium 2011, HPCS 2011, June 15-17 2011, Montreal, Quebec, Canada text article eng We show that distributed Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) compute clouds can be effectively used for the analysis of high energy physics data. We have designed a distributed cloud system that works with any application using large input data sets requiring a high throughput computing environment. The system uses IaaS-enabled science and commercial clusters in Canada and the United States. We describe the process in which a user prepares an analysis virtual machine (VM) and submits batch jobs to a central scheduler. The system boots the user-specific VM on one of the IaaS clouds, runs the jobs and returns the output to the user. The user application accesses a central database for calibration data during the execution of the application. Similarly, the data is located in a central location and streamed by the running application. The system can easily run one hundred simultaneous jobs in an efficient manner and should scale to many hundreds and possibly thousands of user jobs. © IOP Publishing Ltd. yes yes Batch jobs Calibration data Cloud systems Data intensive High-throughput computing Input datas Running applications System use Virtual machines Physics High energy physics 2012-02-09 1742-6588 341 1 12003 10.1088/1742-6596/341/1/012003 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270119 62199ecd-5f15-4f2d-a459-42212e41bc9e S. Meng aut L. Yaraskavitch aut Andrew (Andy) Sachrajda Sachrajda, A. S. aut SDT TSR J. B. Kycia aut 26th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT26), August 10-17 2011, Beijing, China text article eng We experimentally investigated the switching current Isw of a superconducting single electron transistor (sSET), with competitive Josephson coupling energy EJ and charging energy Ec, in an in situ tunable dissipative environment. At low temperature, averaged Isw shows a clear 1e periodic function of gate induced charge on the island. The relative contrast of this oscillation increases when EJ/Ec is lowered. Increasing dissipation reduce the quantum fluctuations of the phase across the sSET, leading to an increased Isw. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. yes yes Charging energies Induced charges Josephson coupling energies Low temperatures Periodic function Quantum fluctuation Superconducting single-electron transistors Switching currents Low temperature effects Low temperature engineering Quantum electronics Superconductivity Single electron transistors 2012-12-17 1742-6588 400 4 42046 10.1088/1742-6596/400/4/042046 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270118 56e38daf-f599-4fbb-9574-c499cb631e62 Serguei Patchkovskii aut SDT TSR Olga Smirnova aut Michael (Mike) Spanner Spanner, Michael aut SDT TSR text article eng Electron-electron interactions in multielectron systems may cause multiple ionic channels to contribute to amplitudes of ionization or radiative recombination, giving rise to interfering pathways to the same final state. These channels are not individually observable in standard weak-field experiments, where they all contribute to the same final-state resolved cross section. We show how one can use strong laser fields to control the timing of electronelectron interactions. We demonstrate that the relative phases of the direct and correlation channels can be manipulated by a strong infrared field, permitting experimental separation of the individual contributions. The control phase can be calibrated using the attosecond streak camera. The required control conditions are achieved at the rising edge of the giant resonance in the Xe atom. yes yes Attoseconds Control phase Cross section Final state Giant resonances Infrared field Interfering pathways Ionic channels Multielectron system Radiative recombination Relative phasis Strong laser field Photoionization 2012-06-07 0953-4075 45 13 131002 10.1088/0953-4075/45/13/131002 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270117 fda8cfce-27ba-43af-988a-7f883a05c5ae Robert R. Lucchese aut Albert Stolow aut SDT TSR text article eng yes yes 2012-09-24 0953-4075 45 19 190201 10.1088/0953-4075/45/19/190201 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270116 c132ca84-7fa8-4a97-8387-47860ca89d81 Joseph S (Joe) Tauskela Tauskela, Joseph S. aut HHT TSH Amy Aylsworth aut HHT TSH Melissa Hewitt aut HHT TSH Eric Brunette aut HHT TSH Geoffrey A R (Geoff) Mealing Mealing, Geoffrey A. R. aut HHT TSH text article eng This study determined how preconditioned neurons responded to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) to result in neuroprotection instead of neurotoxicity. Neurons preconditioned using chronically elevated synaptic activity displayed suppressed elevations in extracellular glutamate ([glutamateex]) and intracellular Ca²+ (Ca²+ in) during OGD. The glutamate uptake inhibitor TBOA induced neurotoxicity, but at a longer OGD duration for preconditioned cultures, suggestive of delayed up-regulation of transporter activity relative to non-preconditioned cultures. This delay was attributed to a critically attenuated release of glutamate, based on tolerance observed against insults mimicking key neurotoxic signaling during OGD (OGD-mimetics). Specifically, in the presence of TBOA, preconditioned neurons displayed potent protection to the OGD-mimetics: ouabain (a Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitor), high 55 mM KCl extracellular buffer (plasma membrane depolarization), veratridine (a Na+ ionophore), and paraquat (intracellular superoxide producer), which correlated with suppressed [glutamateex] elevations in the former two insults. Tolerance by preconditioning was reversed by manipulations that increased [glutamateex], such as by exposure to TBOA or GABAA receptor agonists during OGD, or by exposure to exogenous NMDA or glutamate. Pre-synaptic suppression of neuronal glutamate release by preconditioning, possibly via suppressed exocytic release, represents a key convergence point in neuroprotection during exposure to OGD and OGD-mimetics. © 2012 National Research Council Canada. Journal of Neurochemistry © 2012 International Society for Neurochemistry. yes yes excitotoxicity; glutamate; neuroprotection; preconditioning; synaptic scaling; tolerance 2012-06-01 0022-3042 122 2 470 481 12 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07791.x Human Health Therapeutics Thérapeutiques en santé humaine National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270115 0c2b3dd1-3d70-4c7f-9ae7-77b5f8958b09 Behrooz Razban aut Kristina Y. Nelson aut Dena W. McMartin aut D. Roy Cullimore aut Michelle Wall aut Dunling Wang aut IRC IRC text article eng An analytical method to produce profiles of bacterial biomass fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) was developed employing rapid agitation followed by static incubation (RASI) using selective media of wastewater microbial communities. The results were compiled to produce a unique library for comparison and performance analysis at a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). A total of 146 samples from the aerated WWTP, comprising 73 samples of each secondary and tertiary effluent, were included analyzed. For comparison purposes, all samples were evaluated via a similarity index (SI) with secondary effluents producing an SI of 0.88 with 2.7% variation and tertiary samples producing an SI 0.86 with 5.0% variation. The results also highlighted significant differences between the fatty acid profiles of the tertiary and secondary effluents indicating considerable shifts in the bacterial community profile between these treatment phases. The WWTP performance results using this method were highly replicable and reproducible indicating that the protocol has potential as a performance-monitoring tool for aerated WWTPs. The results quickly and accurately reflect shifts in dominant bacterial communities that result when processes operations and performance change. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC. yes yes FAME, microbial consortia, process monitoring, aerobic wastewater treatment 2012-03-16 1093-4529 47 6 830 836 7 10.1080/10934529.2012.664996 NRC Institute for Research in Construction Institut de recherche en construction du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270109 25e1a00f-962c-4cd7-9f8e-4cf9d7be975b Stefanie Wuhrer aut Chang Shu aut ICT TIC Prosenjit Bose aut text article eng When designing a product that needs to fit the human shape, designers often use a small set of 3D models, called design models, either in physical or digital form, as representative shapes to cover the shape variabilities of the population for which the products are designed. Until recently, the process of creating these models has been an art involving manual interaction and empirical guesswork. The availability of the 3D anthropometric databases provides an opportunity to create design models optimally. In this paper, we propose a novel way to use 3D anthropometric databases to generate design models that represent a given population for design applications such as the sizing of garments and gear. We generate the representative shapes by solving a covering problem in a parameter space. Well-known techniques in computational geometry are used to solve this problem. We demonstrate the method using examples in designing glasses and helmets. © 2012 American Society of Mechanical Engineers. yes yes 3D anthropometry 3D models Covering problems Design applications Design models Digital forms Manual interaction Parameter spaces Anthropometry Computational geometry Product design Three dimensional computer graphics 2012-11-15 1530-9827 12 4 41007 10.1115/1.4007839 Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270103 4031b6a2-07db-41ac-b9f6-e9bb3c3e2ea4 Bijan Derisi aut Suong Hoa aut Mehdi Hojjati aut AERO AERO text article eng A procedure to design a composite tube that matches the flexural stiffness, load-carrying capacity, and energy absorption of an aluminum tube while subjected to bending load is of interest. The large deformation and energy absorption requirements are fulfilled through the progressive failure of the plies of suitable fiber orientations across the thickness of the tube. The layer wise nature of the composite tubes and cylindrical anisotropy, however, has impeded obtaining a simple closed-form solution for calculating the flexural stiffness. Available analytical solutions are mainly a complex set of equations, which should be solved simultaneously. In addition, the boundary and interface conditions between the adjacent plies must be satisfied. This article presents a straightforward simulation technique for this purpose. First, the tube is correlated to a corresponding composite sandwich panel, the flexural stiffness of which is obtained by the classical laminate theory. Then an analogous aluminum sandwich panel is designed and is correlated to a so-called 'equivalent' aluminum tube. The bending stiffness of the composite tube is shown to be the same as that of its equivalent aluminum tube. As a result, a complex problem of cylindrical anisotropy is mapped into a Cartesian coordinate system and solved via the classical laminate theory. The accuracy of the technique is verified by experimental work and analytical solutions. The agreement between the three methods is shown. © 2011 The Author(s). yes yes composite tube; flexural stiffness; large deformation; thermoplastics; progressive failure 2012-07-02 0021-9983 46 21 2695 2710 16 10.1177/0021998311431642 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270102 c822dad7-2d63-45f4-ab59-d26afe24cc0a Shinichi Amaha aut Tsuyoshi Hatano aut Wataru Izumida aut Soichiro Teraoka aut Keiji Ono aut Kimitoshi Kono aut Seigo Tarucha aut Geofrey C (Geof) Aers Aers, Geof aut IMS ISM James Gupta aut IMS ISM Guy David Austing Austing, Guy aut IMS ISM text article eng We present the electronic properties of a triple quantum dot molecule embedded inside a sub-micron mesa, made from a quadruple-barrier triplequantum- well structure, and surrounded by a single gate electrode. We outline the design principles of the quadruple-barrier triple-quantum-well structure and calculate the energy of the three lowest states as a function of center well thickness. We observe regular and irregular shaped Coulomb diamond regions similar to those for double quantum dot devices. Variation in the Coulomb blockade region shape is introduced by fluctuation in the offset energies between the quantum dots likely associated with device processing and random impurity potential in the material. We also present Coulomb blockade patterns calculated with a constant interaction model for sequential tunneling through the three series-coupled quantum dots. © 2012 The Japan Society of Applied Physics. yes yes Coulomb diamonds Design Principles Device processing Double-quantum dot device Interaction model Random impurities Region shape Sequential tunneling Single gates Submicron Triple quantum Well structure Well thickness Coulomb blockade Electronic properties Semiconductor device structures Semiconductor quantum dots 2012-02-20 0021-4922 51 2 02BJ06 10.1143/JJAP.51.02BJ06 NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270101 2356459a-c035-423d-a4dd-7433e49f2f22 Max Wedekind aut Loleï Karine (Karine) Khoun Khoun, Loleï aut AUTO AUTO Peter Krempl aut Horst Baier aut Pascal Hubert aut 2012 SAMPE International Symposium and Exhibition - Emerging Opportunities: Materials and Process Solutions, 21 May 2012 through 24 May 2012, Baltimore, MD text article eng The amount of structural application of carbon composites has grown massively in the last years. Carbon composites are known to provide superior performance with regard to their specific strength and stiffness. One of the major drawbacks, limiting the fields of application and defining knock down factors, is their sensitivity for impact damages. Thermoplastic resin systems are known to provide a better performance on impact behavior compared to thermoset resin systems. Within this paper, an investigation on the impact behavior of carbon composite plates with PEEK resin system is presented. The impact performance is derived by measurement of damage size, penetration depth and residual strength. For structural applications, composites provide the possibility to take use of tailored mechanical properties of laminates, like strength and stiffness by defining specific stacking sequences. Since the impact performance is also affected by the layup, different laminate configurations, starting from low in plane stiffness up to high stiffness, were investigated. Particularly for lightweight applications thin laminates are relevant. To provide the capability to determine the post impact compressive strength of thin plates, avoiding premature failure caused by buckling, a modified test bed for compression after impact test has been developed. Furthermore, within this work the influence of different manufacturing parameters on the impact performance and material properties was investigated, thus allowing an optimized manufacturing process with regard to cost and performance. yes yes Carbon composite plates Carbon composites Compression after impact tests Damage size High stiffness Impact behavior Impact damages Impact performance In-plane stiffness Laminate configuration Lightweight application Manufacturing parameters Manufacturing process Material property Premature failures Residual strength Resin systems Specific strength Stacking sequence Structural applications Thermoplastic composite Thermoset resin Thin plate Buckling Composite materials Equipment testing Exhibitions Laminates Manufacture Plates (structural components) Resins Thermosets Stiffness 2012 9781934551127 Automotive Automobile National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270100 6216290c-68b1-40e0-a1da-5ee47b89e262 Tri-Dung Ngo aut AUTO AUTO Minh-Tan Ton-That aut AUTO AUTO Wei Hu aut SAMPE Tech 2012 Conference and Exhibition: Navigating the Global Landscape for the New Composites, October 22-25, 2012, North Charleston, SC, USA text article eng The incorporation of renewable resources in composite materials is a viable means to reduce environmental impact and support sustainability development in the composites industry. Cellulosic fiber polymer composites have received very much attraction for different industrial applications because of its low density and the renewable ability. However, the uses of cellulosic fibers in the composite are limited in many applications that require fire resistance due to their flammability and their low thermal resistance. This paper reports an innovative and sustainable treatment approaches to retard the burning of cellulosic fibers for composite production in which a minimum amount of non-toxic and low cost inorganic chemicals have been used. Different types of reacting minerals and different treatment parameters have been investigated in order to determine the most cost-effective treatment solution. The cellulosic fibers obtained from this approach become self-extinguished while there is no negative effect on fiber strength. The composite with the treated cellulosic fibers also shows their good fire resistance with minor effect on the mechanical properties. Thus this solution will open the door for the use of the cellulosic fibers in composites for applications where fire resistance is an important issue, particularly in aerospace, transportation, and construction. yes yes Cellulosic fibers Cellulose fibers Different treatments Fiber strength Green polymers Polymer composite Renewable resource Sustainable treatments Composite materials Composites Environmental impact Fire resistance Thermal resistance Inorganic chemicals Mechanical properties 2012 9781934551134 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Automotive Automobile National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270099 f18545ea-dc25-4b7d-b01c-a0fd2c5f1402 Boualem Ouazia aut CONST CONST Iain Alexander Macdonald Macdonald, Iain aut CONST CONST Michel Tardif aut Alexandra Thompson aut CONST CONST Daniel Booth aut CONST CONST text article eng Stratified ventilation systems use a fundamentally different approach to supply heated or cooled air through a building than the 'fully mixed and dilution' ventilation systems found in the majority of non-residential buildings. Stratified air distribution creates a non-uniform environment in terms of temperature and pollutant distribution, and acceptable conditions in the occupied zone. Previous research has shown that this type of system works well for regions where buildings require year-round cooling. However there are a growing number of buildings using this approach in Canada, where buildings require heating during winter months. This paper presents results from a field study conducted in a school equipped with a displacement ventilation system. The results show that the measured contaminant removal efficiency (based on CO 2 measurements) resulting from displacement ventilation in this case is better than that was predicted in previous studies for displacement ventilation under heating operation. In addition, key predictors of thermal comfort (the measured vertical air temperature difference and draft rating at ankle and head height) are also generally within the limits set by applicable ASHRAE standards. yes yes stratified ventilation Contaminant removal Displacement ventilation system IAQ Pollutant distribution Carbon dioxide Hot water heating Thermal comfort 2012 1473-3315 11 1 43 51 9 Construction Construction National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270098 dd88c2fc-06c4-4774-83dd-da30e130b7c8 J. P. Gostelow aut Ali H Mahallati Mahallati, A. aut AERO AERO William E (Bill) Carscallen Carscallen, W. E. aut AERO AERO A. Rona aut text article eng Experiments were conducted on the flow through a transonic turbine cascade. Secondary flows and a wide range of vortex types were encountered, including horseshoe vortices, shock-induced passage vortices, and streamwise vortices on the suction surface. In the separation region on the suction surface, a large rollup of passage vorticity occurred. The blunt leading edge gave rise to strong horseshoe vortices and secondary flows. The suction surface had a strong convex curvature over the forward portion and was quite flat further downstream. Surface flow visualization was performed and this convex surface displayed coherent streamwise vorticity. At subsonic speeds, strong von Kármán vortex shedding resulted in a substantial base pressure deficit. For these conditions, time-resolved measurements were made of the Eckert-Weise energy separation in the blade wake. At transonic speeds, exotic shedding modes were observed. These phenomena all occurred in experiments on the flow around one particular turbine nozzle vane in a linear cascade. © 2012 J. P. Gostelow et al. yes yes Base pressure Blade wake Blunt leading edges Convex curvatures Convex surfaces Energy separations Flowthrough Horseshoe vortices Linear cascade Passage vortex Separation regions Shedding modes Streamwise vortices Subsonic speed Suction surfaces Surface flow visualization Time resolved measurement Transonic speed Transonic turbine cascade Turbine nozzles Flow visualization Secondary flow Turbine components Vorticity Wakes Vortex flow 2012 1023-621X 2012 928623 10.1155/2012/928623 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270097 6675d045-4f49-4e93-a0f2-8270bfd8b294 Bernard Tougas Tougas, B. aut AUTO AUTO C. Blais aut M. Larouche aut ST TS F. Chagnon aut Sylvain Pelletier Pelletier, S. aut AUTO AUTO text article eng Admixed chemical elements may lead to the formation of heterogeneous microstruc-tures in sintered steels. This is due primarily to low bulk-diffusion coefficients at conventional sintering tem peratures. For powder met allurgy (PM) steels, admixed nickel is well known to produce such heterogeneous microstructures where the element is not distributed evenly upon sintering, resulting in the formation of nickel-rich areas (NRAsj. In contrast, the principal mechanisms of nickel diffusion in PM steels are often misunderstood. This work presents a new approach to measure the bulk-diffusion coefficients of nickel in PM steels in order to determine the sintering conditions required to maximize its homogeneity in a steel matrix. Also, the influence of the local concentration of nickel on sintered microstructures is discussed. The characterization approach presented here could be used to characterize the diffusion of other alloying elements in PM steels, either admixed as elemental powders or introduced via master alloys. yes yes 2012-11 0888-7462 48 6 7 18 12 Automotive Automobile Surface Transportation Transports de surface National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270096 9a9e5a69-d042-47b4-b881-5041f1100a00 Arnold Kell Kell, Arnold J. aut SDT TSR Michael Barnes Barnes, Michael L. aut SDT TSR Kathryn Slater aut Carole Lavigne aut text article eng The development of non-viral DNA delivery systems using nanomaterials has attracted much research interest for its potential in biomedicine. However, for these new nanocarriers to be successfully used in therapeutic applications they have to overcome many barriers. Here, we report the development and characterisation of polyethyleneimine-modified tetramethylrhodamine-doped silica nanoparticles as a vehicle to deliver siRNA in the presence of serum. We have demonstrated that polyethyleneiminemodified tetramethylrhodamine-doped silica nanoparticles bind and protect siRNA against nuclease degradation and facilitate cellular uptake and intracellular delivery of the siRNA in HeLa-derived TZM-bl cells. The nanoparticles can penetrate TMZ-bl cells at concentrations as low as 1 μg/mL and can escape the lysosomal and endosomal cavities. Following delivery, the nanoparticles release active siRNA targeting the co-receptor CXCR4 for HIV-1 to achieve reduction in the targeted mRNA and protein expression. These nanoparticles are also non-toxic for the cells and are capable of carrying out all of these functions in the presence of serum, a characteristic that is critical if such nanoparticles are to be employed in any type of in vivo application. Copyright © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. yes yes Cellular uptake CXCR4 Dye-doped silica nanoparticles HIV-1 co-receptor Serum-containing medium siRNA delivery Drug therapy Genetic engineering Nanoparticles Nanostructured materials chemokine receptor CXCR4 messenger RNA nanoparticle nuclease polyethyleneimine silicon dioxide small interfering RNA tetramethylrhodamine doped silica nanoparticle cell viability cellular distribution chemical binding endosome enzyme degradation gene silencing human cell Human immunodeficiency virus 1 lysosome mammal cell nonviral gene delivery system protein expression RNA binding RNA degradation 2012 1752-8933 4 3/4 223 242 20 10.1504/IJNBM.2012.051704 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270095 4e9c3ab9-02ce-4980-b6bf-5f13d7a3ad09 H. K. Kamga aut D. Larouche aut M. Bournane aut Ahmed Rahem Rahem, A. aut NRC CNRC text article eng Mechanical properties of B206 aluminium alloys with additions of iron and silicon were studied to investigate the combined effect of these additions on tensile strengths and ductility. Properties are highly influenced by the iron to silicon ratio and the nominal concentration of the single elements. The best properties were obtained with both a ratio close to one and low concentrations of iron and silicon. Present experimental results show that it is possible to multiply by two or three the present limit of 0·1 wt-%Fe in these alloys at natural aging (T4) and still obtain the minimum of 7% elongation required by the automotive industry. At artificial aging (T7), it will be very difficult however to reach the 7% elongation with ~0·2 wt-%Fe and 0·2 wt-%Si, while this seems impossible with ~0·3 wt-%Fe and 0·3 wt-%Si. It was found that macrosegregation of Cu in the gage section of the ASTM B108 test bars is responsible for an enrichment of 0·8-0·9 wt-%of this element in the test zone. This has produced microstructures saturated in Cu with little Al 2Cu phase remaining after the solution heat treatment. Owing to the low amount of this phase and the round shape of the particles, the remaining Al 2Cu phase did not have a significant impact on the ductility. One benefit of working with a Cu saturated microstructure is that one can estimate the true temperature of the solution heat treatment by conducting a post-analysis of Cu content in the dendrites. This should be helpful to reduce the variability in properties and to improve the temperature distribution in heat treating furnaces. yes yes A. Rahem was affiliated with the NRC Aluminium Technology Centre at time of publication. B206 ; Intermetallics ; Ductility ; Macrosegregation ; Quality index 2012 1364-0461 25 1 15 25 11 10.1179/1743133610Y.0000000012 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270094 8e5c2c10-2afd-4202-a828-30081f6be732 Pavel Cheben Cheben, P. aut ICT TIC Jens Holger Schmid Schmid, J. H. aut ICT TIC C. A. Ramos aut R. Halir aut L. Zavargo-Peche aut Jean Lapointe Lapointe, J. aut ICT TIC Przemek Bock Bock, P. aut ICT TIC Dan-Xia Xu Xu, D.-X. aut ICT TIC Siegfried Janz Janz, S. aut ICT TIC A. Ortega-Monux aut I. Molina-Fernandez aut Rubin Ma Ma, R. aut ICT TIC Martin Vachon Vachon, M. aut ICT TIC André Delâge Delage, A. aut ICT TIC J.-M. Fedeli aut 14th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, ICTON 2012, 2 July 2012 through 5 July 2012, Coventry text article eng We review our advances in diffractive and subwavelength grating coupler structures for microphotonic waveguides. We present a subwavelength grating fiber-chip edge coupler with a loss as low as 0.9 dB and with minimal wavelength dependence over a broad wavelength range exceeding 200 nm. We also present fiber-to-chip surface grating couplers based on subwavelength effective medium. The effective medium refractive index is engineered to control the strength of the grating and thereby maximize coupling efficiency, while mitigating back reflections at the same time. We analyze the fabrication tolerances of the coupler, which are of particular relevance for large scale photonic fabrication. Furthermore, we present the first grating coupler for micrometric silicon rib waveguides, which is particularly challenging since the coupler waveguide region is multimode. We experimentally demonstrate grating couplers in 1.5 μm thick silicon ridge waveguides with a coupling efficiency of 2.2 dB and a 3 dB bandwidth of 40 nm. An inverse taper is used to match the fundamental mode of the interconnection waveguide with the optimum grating coupler excitation field, with negligible higher order mode excitation. The coupler was fabricated using i-line stepper lithography and single etch step. © 2012 IEEE. yes yes 3 dB bandwidth Back reflection Coupling efficiency Effective medium Excitation field Fabrication tolerances Fundamental modes Grating couplers Higher-order modes I-line steppers Microphotonic waveguides Multimodes Silicon rib waveguides Single etch Sub-wave length grating Sub-wavelength Surface grating Wavelength dependence Wavelength ranges Fabrication Refractive index Ridge waveguides Transparent optical networks Waveguides 2012 978-1-4673-2228-7 9781467322270 6253914 10.1109/ICTON.2012.6253914 Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270093 dcac9ee1-cd62-4d26-a436-f810f4893ea1 Guy Vachon aut Mohamed Sayed aut OCRE GOCF Ivana Kubat aut OCRE GOCF 10th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice 2012, ICETECH 2012, September 17-20, 2012, Banff, AB, Canada text article eng The paper describes a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of ice management (IM) operations, which is part of a larger effort aimed at developing efficient IM systems. Ice dynamics simulations are used to determine ice forces on an assumed structure. The simulations examine the role of variables that can be altered by IM operations such as floe size, ice confinement and ice pressure. The results provide means for quantifying the benefits from icebreaking operations, which is a needed input for the design and optimization of IM systems. Ongoing work employs related techniques to determine icebreaking requirements and IM efficiency. Copyright ©2012 ICETECH 12. All rights reserved. yes yes Design and optimization Floe sizes Ice cover Ice dynamics Ice forces Ice management Exhibitions Meteorological problems Ships Vehicle performance Ice 2012 9781622768011 346 353 8 Ocean, Coastal and River Engineering Génie océanique, côtier et fluvial National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270092 07f40538-d249-422a-857a-acd91ba15d72 Ivana Kubat aut OCRE GOCF M. Hossein (Hossein) Babaei Babaei, M. Hossein aut OCRE GOCF Mohamed Sayed aut OCRE GOCF 10th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice 2012, ICETECH 2012, September 17-20, 2012, Banff, AB, Canada text article eng The risks of ship besetting under ice pressure are examined. Hindcasts of ice dynamics examine the conditions that led to the besetting of two vessels in the Gulf of St. Lawrence on 9 March 2005. The analysis examines the distributions of potentially significant variables such as pressure (mean normal stress), ridge thickness and strain rates. A criterion for assessing the risk of besetting was then proposed. A preliminary parametric study was also done in order to illustrate a method for predicting the risk of besetting under different ice and environmental forcing conditions. Copyright ©2012 ICETECH 12. All rights reserved. yes yes Besetting Environmental forcing Hindcasts Ice dynamics Normal stress Parametric study Pressure conditions Significant variables Exhibitions Risk assessment Ships Vehicle performance Ice 2012 9781622768011 106 113 8 Ocean, Coastal and River Engineering Génie océanique, côtier et fluvial National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270091 e272d171-ed20-4847-a7c7-c71bf6a26a53 Mohamed Sayed aut OCRE GOCF Ivana Kubat aut Brian Wright aut Aleksandr Iyerusalimskiy aut Amal Phadke aut Brenda Hall aut 10th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice 2012, ICETECH 2012, September 17-20, 2012, Banff, AB, Canada text article eng Numerical simulations are carried out to represent the historical data of ice interaction with the Kulluk during the 1980s. Three dimensional simulations include dynamics of the ice cover and the response of the mooring system. The results give modes of ice accumulation, clearing and ice forces. Depth-averaged simulations consider larger zones of the ice cover to examine a range of conditions that were observed during the past operation of the Kulluk in the Beaufort Sea. The simulations evaluate the effects of managed ice cover characteristics such as floe sizes and confinement. Predicted forces are compared to the historical record of measurements. Copyright © 2012 ICETECH 12. All rights reserved. yes yes Floe sizes Historical records Ice accumulation Ice forces Ice interactions Kulluk Moored structures Three dimensional simulations Computer simulation Exhibitions Meteorological problems Mooring Numerical models Ships Vehicle performance Ice 2012 9781622768011 159 166 8 Ocean, Coastal and River Engineering Génie océanique, côtier et fluvial National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270090 e7bb4032-bfa4-48dd-b4f6-dafe11063d5c P. S. Reddy Gudimetla aut Bruce Colbourne aut Claude Daley aut Stephen E. Bruneau aut Robert E (Bob) Gagnon Gagnon, Robert aut OCRE GOCF 10th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice 2012, ICETECH 2012, September 17-20, 2012, Banff, AB, Canada text article eng Experimental procedures for obtaining the crushing strength and pressure profiles of cone shaped ice samples are presented. These experiments were conducted as the part of the STePS2 (Sustainable Technology for Polar Ships and Structures) research project at Memorial University, St. John's, Canada. An objective of this project is to study the response of a full size structural grillage for both quasi-static and dynamic ice loading. To prepare for the structural tests, both 1/4 m dia. and 1m dia. conical ice samples are being crushed against a rigid high-resolution pressure panel in quasi-static conditions. Data from the tests on the pressure panel will help to set the conditions for the later quasi-static and dynamic experiments on the steel grillage. Contact pressure profiles are obtained at each time step during the experiments. The pressure profiles obtained reveal the shape and variability of the high pressure zones that develop during ice-structure contact. The paper describes the experimental procedure including; making the ice samples, shaping the samples, crushing tests and data analysis. Preliminary experimental data from both small cones (i.e., 25 cm diameter) and large cones (i.e., 1 m diameter) tests are provided in this paper. Copyright ©2012 ICETECH 12. All rights reserved. yes yes Experimental apparatus Ice loads Pressure area relationships 2012 9781622768011 ICETECH12-132-RF 167 174 8 Ocean, Coastal and River Engineering Génie océanique, côtier et fluvial National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270088 87db5d3c-118e-4de2-ac95-dc3c9b126d49 Kamrul Islam aut Weiming Shen aut CONST CONST Xianbin Wang aut text article eng Industries can benefit a lot from integrating sensors in industrial plants, structures, machinery, shop floors, and other critical places and utilizing their sensing and monitoring power, communicating and processing abilities to deliver sensed information. Proper use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can lower the rate of catastrophic failures, and improve the efficiency and productivity of factory operations. Ensuring reliability and providing adequate security in these crucial services provided by WSNs will reinforce their acceptability as a viable and dependable technology in the factory and industrial domain. In this paper, we examine the reliability and security challenges of WSNs and survey their practicality for industrial adoption. We discuss the unique characteristics that distinguish the factory environment from the rest, elaborate on security and reliability issues with their respective solution measures, and analyze the existing WSN architectures and standards. A number of challenges and interesting research issues have emerged from this study and have been reported for further investigation. © 1998-2012 IEEE. yes yes Cryptography Factory automation Reliability Security Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) 2012-12-21 1094-6977 42 6 6392470 1243 1256 14 10.1109/TSMCC.2012.2205680 Construction Construction National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270087 13a700fb-2487-477b-93b5-0086fccdbf59 C. J. Thompson aut Andrew Goertzen Goertzen, A. L. aut MD DM E. J. Berg aut F. Retiere aut Piotr Kozlowski Kozlowski, P. aut MD DM Lawrence N Ryner Ryner, L. aut MD DM G. Stortz aut V. Sossi aut text article eng Arrays of silicon photo-multipliers (SiPMs) are good candidates for the readout of detectors in PET/MR inserts due to their high packing density, efficiency, low bias voltage and insensitivity to magnetic fields. We tested two dual-layer blocks of pixellated lutetium oxy-orthosilicate (LYSO) coupled to SensL 4× 4 SiPM arrays in terms of their ability to resolve all elements using resolvability index (RI) defined by the FWHM of the crystal response function divided by the separation. Our crystal blocks had 49 1.67×1.67×6.0 mm 3 crystals on the bottom layer and 36 1.67× 1.67× 4.0 mm 3 crystals in the top layer (offset by 1/2 of the crystal pitch). All 85 crystals were well resolved: RI= 0.46 compared with RI = 0.41 for a conventional pre-clinical PET scanner's block with 40% lower crystal density. A pair of crystal blocks mounted on translation stages scanned a 0.25 mm 22Na source in 60 0.25 mm steps with the detectors angulated as if there were 16 blocks in a ring. The FWHM of the coincidence response function near the centre of the field of view was 1.31 mm and FWTM was 2.7 mm with the detectors separated by 200 mm. © 2012 IEEE. yes yes Bottom layers Crystal block Crystal density Crystal response Dual layer Field of views High density High packing density Low bias voltage Lutetium oxyorthosilicate PET scanner Pixellated crystals Pre-clinical Response functions Silicon photomultiplier Small animal PET Small animal PET scanners Translation stage Detectors Photomultipliers Polyethylene terephthalates Positron emission tomography Separation Sodium Silicon detectors 2012-09-10 0018-9499 59 5 1 6298061 1791 1797 7 10.1109/TNS.2012.2201958 Medical Devices Dispositifs médicaux National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270084 9a738092-643f-4b56-b16a-41106a164653 Griffin Ryan Hunter Griffin, R. H. aut ICT TIC Mozenson Olga Mozenson, O. aut SDT TSR Beking M. aut DeRosa M. C. aut Lopinski Gregory Lopinski, Gregory (Greg) aut MSS SME Tarr N. G. aut 2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record, NSS/MIC 2012, October 29 - November 3, 2012, Anaheim, CA, USA text article eng For the first time a CMOS imager has been used to detect the presence of radiolabeled target biomolecules captured on a functionalized surface. Using aptamer functionalization the system successfully detected 32P labeled adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at concentrations well below those typically associated with fluorescence-based sensor architectures. The system has also demonstrated its amenability to multiplexed biomolecule detection. Geant4, a Monte Carlo toolkit for simulating the passage of radiation through matter, was used to analyze the detector. Radiolabel detection offers the potential for direct quantitative measurement of bound biomolecules which is advantageous compared to the use of fluorescent tags. © 2012 IEEE. yes yes Aptamers Biomolecule detection CMOS imagers Geant4 Radiolabel Adenosinetriphosphate CMOS integrated circuits Detectors Fluorescence Medical imaging Nuclear physics Radioactive tracers Biomolecules 2012 9781467320306 9781467320290 1467320293 6551473 2048 2052 5 1095-7863 10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551473 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270082 23961491-97af-4d9b-afb7-19f188a8951a Jacques Dubeau aut S. Sanjeewa Hakmana Witharana aut Jovica Atanackovic aut André Yonkeu aut Witold Matysiak aut Anthony J. Waker aut Aslam Ibrahim aut John-Paul Archambault Archambault, John Paul aut MSS SME 2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record, NSS/MIC 2012, October 29 - November 3, 2012, Anaheim, CA, USA text article eng The Bonner Sphere Spectrometer (BSS) has been used since 1960 for the determination of neutron energy spectra ranging from 25 meV to 20 MeV. Although some researchers have taken full sets of Bonner spheres inside nuclear power plants for field measurements, the volume and mass of the whole device have usually limited its use to laboratories and to calibration and reference facilities. The instrument presented here operates under the same principles of the Bonner spheres, except that different amounts of moderator around a thermal neutron detector are configured by adding or removing cylindrical shells. For this reason it is called the Nested Neutron Spectrometer (NNS). Thus, only the mass and volume equivalent to a single Bonner sphere need to be carried in the field. The reconfiguration of the moderator is very quick, leading to a reduced setup time. The instrument can then easily be used in the workplace and the measured spectra allow the calculation of the ambient dose equivalent rate, without the inherent inaccuracies of REM meters. The focus of this paper is the design principles of the NNS, laboratory test results and field measurements. Measurements were obtained using radionuclide neutron sources, mono-energetic neutrons from accelerators and from neutrons around the containment of a nuclear power reactor. Results are very similar for the NNS and BSS, with the former being much easier to use in the field. © 2012 IEEE. yes yes Calibration Neutron detection Scintillation counters Ambient dose equivalent rate Bonner sphere spectrometer Cylindrical shell Design Principles Field measurement Mono-energetic neutrons Nuclear power reactors Thermal neutron detectors Measurements Medical imaging Moderators Neutron sources Neutron spectrometers Nuclear physics Nuclear power plants Spectrometers Spheres 2012 9781467320306 9781467320290 1467320293 6551075 126 130 5 1095-7863 10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551075 Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270081 380d94a9-e459-4ede-a9bf-f94d29e8f93b Christopher J. Thompson aut Andrew L. Goertzen aut Poitr Kozlowski aut Fabrice Retiere aut Greg Stortz aut Vesna Sossi aut Xuezhu Zhang aut NRC CNRC 2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record, NSS/MIC 2012, October 29 - November 3, 2012, Anaheim, CA, USA text article eng Arrays of silicon photo-multipliers (SiPMs) are good candidates for the readout of detectors in PET MR inserts due to their high packing density, efficiency, low bias voltage and insensitivity to magnetic fields. In this study we report the readout performance of SensL SiPM arrays in terms of their ability to resolve all elements of pixellated lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) crystals their energy resolution, and coincidence response function. Two SensL SPMarray-4 were used as light sensors. Two LYSO crystal blocks consisting of a arrays of 8×8 1.2 mm × 1.2 mm × 6.0 mm crystals on the lower layer and 7×7 1.2 mm × 1.2 mm × 4.0 mm crystals on the upper layer (which is offset by 1/2 the crystal width) were mounted on the SensL arrays. A second study was performed with single layer arrays of 8×8 1.2 mm × 1.2 mm × 10.0 mm crystals. All of the crystals in the dual layer block were easily identified with a peak to valley ratio of 7.2 while the single layer blocks had a peak to valley ratio of 11.2. The crystal dots were more uniformly spaced in the dual layer arrays suggesting that the inter-layer connection affords some useful light sharing. The average energy resolution for all 113 crystals was 16.3±2.3%. The coincidence response to a 0.25 mm Na-22 source in plastic was 0.97 ±0.12 mm for normally incident gamma rays with the detectors 120 mm apart. These results indicate that it should be possible to achieve a spatial resolution of about one millimetre near the center of the field of view. © 2012 IEEE. yes yes positron emission tomography silicon photo-multiplier small animal PET insert for MRI scanner 2012 9781467320306 9781467320290 1467320293 6551717 3141 3145 5 1095-7863 10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551717 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270078 61a211a3-b5aa-4cd3-b9ad-130d4de9bc8b Guocheng Liu aut Nezih Mrad aut Gaozhi (George) Xiao Xiao, George aut ICT TIC Zhenzhong Li aut Dayan Ban aut text article eng Radio frequency (RF)-based energy transmission enables controllable and simultaneous power delivery to wireless sensors. In such applications, RF energy transmission is likely to be affected by highly conductive (metallic) environments. Understanding metal's influence on power delivery will help improve practical implementation. This letter studies the behavior of RF energy transmission in selected scenarios by measuring return loss and peak received power. Visualized energy flow is simulated to obtain the direct picture of such scenarios. The simulation results are consistent with conclusions drawn from experimental results measured using return loss and peak received power. © 2011 IEEE. yes yes Antenna, radio frequency (RF), wireless energy transmission, wireless sensor networks 2012-08-07 1536-1225 11 6262449 925 928 4 10.1109/LAWP.2012.2211991 Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270076 7af38c27-765d-4111-ab27-b305a262eb20 Jennifer Ronholm aut Linru Wang aut Ikue Hayashi aut Motoyuki Sugai aut Zhiyi Frank (Frank) Zhang Zhang, Zhiyi aut ICT TIC Xudong Cao aut Min Lin aut text article eng IspC is a novel peptidoglycan (PG) hydrolase that is conserved in Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b strains and is involved in virulence. The aim of this study was to establish the hydrolytic bond specificity of IspC. Purified L. monocytogenes peptidoglycan was digested by recombinant IspC and the resulting muropeptides were separated by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The structure of each muropeptide was determined using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)-time-of-flight mass spectrometry in combination with MALDI-post-source decay mass spectrometry. The structure of muropeptides resulting from IspC-mediated hydrolysis indicated that IspC has N-acetylglucosaminidase activity. These muropeptides also had a high proportion of N-acetylated glucosamine residues. To determine whether IspC is more effective at hydrolysing N-acetylated peptidoglycan than de-N-acetylated peptidoglycan, a peptidoglycan deacetylase (PgdA) in-frame deletion mutant was created. This mutant was shown to have fully N-acetylated peptidoglycan and was more susceptible to hydrolysis by IspC when compared with the partially de-N-acetylated wild-type peptidoglycan. This indicates that IspC is more efficient when hydrolysing a fully N-acetylated peptidoglycan substrate. The finding that IspC acts as an N-acetylglucosaminidase is consistent with its categorization, based on amino acid sequence, as a member of the GH73 family. As with other members of this family, de-N-acetylation seems to be an important mechanism for regulating the activity of IspC. © 2012 The Author. yes yes N-acetylglucosaminidase N-acetylation IspC peptidoglycan Listeria monocytogenes 2012-06-21 Oxford University Press 0959-6658 22 10 1311 1320 10 10.1093/glycob/cws100 Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270075 337d9c05-fff0-4b73-bdc8-51910d53d64c Robert C. Burruss aut Aaron D. Slepkov aut Adrian Pegoraro Pegoraro, Adrian F. aut SDT TSR Albert Stolow aut SDT TSR text article eng The origin of natural gas accumulations in thermally mature basins is poorly understood. Unraveling complex contributions from hydrocarbon cracking, mixing, redox alteration, and deeper sources requires analysis of gases trapped during specifi c periods of basin history. Fluid inclusions can provide such samples, but their unambiguous characterization is challenging. Here we show that three-dimensional (3-D) multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy of geologic materials allows mapping and molecular identifi cation of trapped methane and water using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, imaging of crystallographic features using second harmonic generation, and identifi cation of higher hydrocarbons using twophoton excited fl uorescence. Spatially resolved, molecule-specifi c characterization of fl uid inclusions will improve models of natural gas generation, migration, and accumulation. We believe that these broadly applicable methods will potentially transform the characterization of geological materials. © 2012 Geological Society of America. yes yes Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering Deep gas Fluid inclusion Gas generation Geological materials Higher hydrocarbons Hydrocarbon cracking Multi-modal Nonlinear optical microscopy Origin of natural gas Spatially resolved Two-photon excited C (programming language) Coherent scattering Methane Mineralogy Natural gas Nonlinear optics Optical microscopy Organic compounds Positive ions Raman spectroscopy Three dimensional Characterization fluid inclusion geoaccumulation hydrocarbon generation three-dimensional modeling 2012-09-18 0091-7613 40 12 1063 1066 4 10.1130/G33321.1 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270074 0cebedc9-78c1-480f-a167-e7b791eacab6 David Dousset aut Jens Bornemann aut Maxime Daigle aut Stéphane Claude aut NSI ISN Ke Wu aut 2012 42nd European Microwave Conference, EuMC 2012 - Held as Part of 15th European Microwave Week, EuMW 2012, October 29 - November 1, 2012, Amsterdam, The Netherlands text article eng This paper introduces a 3 dB and a 23 dB coupler in Substrate-Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology for future applications in radio astronomy instrumentation. In order to meet the often challenging specifications of such equipment in terms of both operating frequency and bandwidth, via holes of irregular shape are used to suppress higher-order mode excitation commonly observed in waveguide couplers. Prototypes have been manufactured and measured. For the 23 dB SIW coupler, measurements across the 85-115 GHz band show an isolation level higher than 35 dB, an average insertion loss of 3.75 dB, a coupling factor of 27 dB and a reflection coefficient better than -16.7 dB. The phase difference between the direct and coupled ports is 94.3°±2. 3°. In the 83-111 GHz band and in the case of the 3 dB coupler, isolation is higher than 20 dB, insertion losses are 4.2 dB±0.6 dB, and the reflection coefficient is better than -16.6 dB. The phase difference between the direct and coupled ports is 94.2°±2.1°. © 2012 EUROPEAN MICROWAVE ASSOC. yes yes Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology, multi-branch couplers, H-plane couplers, millimeter-wave couplers 2012 978-1-4673-2215-7 978-2-87487-026-2 6459312 277 280 4 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270073 845843c8-05e5-49aa-a58a-e9a42c145edf Frederika Gerlanda (Rita) Kop Kop, Rita aut ICT TIC text article eng Major changes on the Web in recent years have contributed to an abundance of information for people to harness in their learning. Emerging technologies have instigated the need for critical literacies to support learners on open online networks in the mastering of critical information gathering during their learning journeys. This paper will argue that people will have to adapt to using information in a new way and will advocate the movement by learners into and inside information streams on open online networks. Their own control and aggregation of information, preferably through human mediation, should provide information not only relevant to their learning, but also slightly unexpected. We will highlight why this serendipity is important in a learning context and also take three emerging technologies under the loupe; recommenders, RSS and microbloggers,and their effectiveness in supporting serendipitous learning on open online networks. © International Forum of Educational Technology & Society (IFETS). yes yes 2012 1176-3647 15 2 2 11 10 http://www.ifets.info/journals/15_2/2.pdf Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270072 8b75edeb-b115-4565-9060-47e73f1017c0 David J Lockwood Lockwood, David J. aut MSS SME PRiME 2012: Pits and Pores 5: A Symposium in Honor of David Lockwood, October 7-12, 2012, Honolulu, Hawaii text article eng Amongst a number of diverse approaches to engineering efficient light emission in silicon nanostructures, one system that has received considerable attention has been Si/SiO2 quantum wells. Engineering such structures has not been easy, because to observe the desired quantum confinement effects, the quantum well thickness has to be less than 5 nm. Nevertheless, such ultra thin structures have now been produced by a variety of techniques. The SiO 2 layers are amorphous, but the silicon layers can range from amorphous through nanocrystalline to single-crystal form. The fundamental band gap of the quantum wells has been measured primarily by optical techniques and strong confinement effects have been observed. A detailed comparison is made between theoretical and experimental determinations of the band gap in Si/SiO2 quantum wells. The review article is prefaced with a historical account of the Pits and Pores Symposium series and a personal academic history of the author. © The Electrochemical Society. yes yes Experimental determination Fundamental band gap Historical account Nanostructured silicon Quantum confinement effects Silicon nano structures Strong confinement Ultra-thin structures Energy gap Nanocrystalline silicon Semiconductor quantum wells Silicon oxides Amorphous silicon 2012-12-01 978-1-62332-073-7 978-1-60768-425-1 39 54 16 1938-5862 50 37 10.1149/05037.0039ecst Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270070 b258d324-3f3f-4b91-9420-776e230ae50e David S. Hall aut Christina Bock aut EME EME Barry R. MacDougall aut PRiME 2012: Corrosion, Passivity, and Energy: A Symposium in Honor of Digby D. Macdonald, October 7-12, 2012, Honolulu, Hawaii text article eng Hydrogen generation by water electrolysis is a renewable method of producing fuel and industrial feedstock. Ni-based H2-evolution catalysts in alkaline media are low-cost alternatives to the noblemetal- based electrode materials used in acidic media. However, Ni cathodes show a significant decrease in their hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity after several hours of electrolysis. We consider the source of electrode deactivation on smooth metallic Ni electrodes by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic and potentiostatic polarization, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Below the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) potential, H atoms incorporate deep into the electrode material. Under industrial conditions, i.e., concentrated NaOH/KOH solutions and large cathodic current densities, α-NiHx and β-NiH x can form at the electrode surface. © The Electrochemical Society. yes yes Cathodic current density Hydrogen evolution reactions Hydrogen generations Industrial conditions Industrial feedstock Potentiostatic polarization Reversible hydrogen electrodes Water electrolysis Cathodes Corrosion Cyclic voltammetry Hydrogen production X ray diffraction 2012-12-01 9781607684190 165 179 15 1938-5862 50 31 10.1149/05031.0165ecst Energy, Mining and Environment Énergie, mines et environnement National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270069 25b8957a-2a0b-45cd-8424-0e915c49ac54 Rob Comber aut Eva Ganglbauer aut Jaz Hee-jeong Choi aut Jettie Hoonhout aut Yvonne Rogers aut Kenton O'Hara aut Julie Maitland aut ICT TIC 30th ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2012, 5 May 2012 through 10 May 2012, Austin, TX text article eng Food and interaction design presents an interesting challenge to the HCI community in attending to the pervasive nature of food, the socio-cultural differences in food practices and a changing global foodscape. To design for meaningful and positive interactions it is essential to identify daily food practices and the opportunities for the design of technology to support such practices. This workshop brings together a community of researchers and practitioners in human-food interaction to attend to the practical and theoretical difficulties in designing for human-food interactions in everyday life. Through a practical field study and workshop we explore themes of food experiences, health and wellbeing, sustainability and alternative food cultures. © 2012 Authors. yes yes alternative food cultures Field studies human-food-interaction Interaction design Positive interaction Wellbeing Food products Health Psychology computing Sustainable development Human engineering 2012 9781450310161 1450310168 2767 2770 4 10.1145/2212776.2212716 Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270068 5829b588-2e57-4b47-a1fe-5d27566112a0 Priti Wanjara aut AERO AERO Mathieu Brochu aut Mario Farfard aut text article eng yes yes 2012-07 0008-4433 51 3 237 1 10.1179/0008443312Z.00000000053 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270067 009c1da7-f741-4615-9962-2d853093be30 J. Guo aut ST TS Patrick Gougeon Gougeon, P. aut ST TS François Nadeau Nadeau, F. aut ST TS X.-G. Chen aut text article eng This work investigated the weldability of AA1100-16B 4C (vol.-%) metal matrix composite using laser welding and friction stir welding (FSW). The microstructure and mechanical properties of joints produced by two welding techniques were compared. For laser welding, a large amount of brittle needle-like phases, together with some residues of B 4C particles were observed in the fusion zone of the joint. The use of Ti filler can improve the microstructure and increase the joint efficiency from 63 to 75%. On the other hand, the FSW, being a solid state welding technique, was interesting as it minimised the formation of brittle intermetallic phases. In addition, the breakage of B 4C particles and the grain refinement of the matrix were observed in the weld zone. The FSW joints show superior mechanical properties than the laser welded joints. Up to 100% joint efficiency can be achieved by FSW for annealed AA1100-16B 4C materials. © 2012 Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum. Ce travail a examiné la soudabilité du composite à matrice métallique AA1100-16B4C (% en vol) en utilisant le soudage au laser et le soudage par friction-malaxage (FSW). On a comparé la microstructure et les propriétés mécaniques des joints produits par les deux techniques de soudage. Pour le soudage au laser, on a observé une grande quantité de phases fragiles en forme d'aiguille ainsi que des résidus de particules de B4C, dans la zone de fusion du joint. L'utilisation de métal d'apport de Ti peut améliorer la microstructure et augmenter l'efficacité du joint de 63 à 75%. D'un autre côté, le FSW, une technique de soudage à l'état solide, était intéressant puisqu'il minimisait la formation de phases intermétalliques fragiles. De plus, on a observé, dans la zone de soudure, la rupture des particules de B4C et l'affinement de grain de la matrice. Les joints du FSW montraient des propriétés mécaniques supérieures aux joints soudés au laser. On peut obtenir une efficacité du joint jusqu'à 100% par FSW pour les matériaux recuits d'AA1100-16B4C. yes yes Friction stir welding; Intermetallic phases; Laser welding; Mechanical properties; Metal matrix composites; Microstructure 2012-07 0008-4433 51 3 277 283 7 10.1179/1879139512Y.0000000003 Surface Transportation Transports de surface National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270066 74064f7b-9722-4b30-b2a4-bdc95329de19 Chris Stillwell aut MD DM Fei Wang aut MD DM Bo Xiang aut MD DM Jixian Deng aut MD DM Tarek Kashour aut Hongyu Liu aut Darren H Freed Freed, Darren aut MD DM Rakesh Arora Arora, Rakesh C. aut MD DM Ganghong (Hong) Tian Tian, Ganghong aut MD DM text article eng Adipose tissue stromal fraction (ASF) contains multipotent cells capable of differentiation towards several lineages and may be used for the treatment of various degenerative diseases. However, the multipotent cells within ASF have not been fully characterized. In this study we have attempted to characterize stem cells in the ASF obtained through serial dilution. Five single-cell clones were studied. It was found that the single-cell clones exhibited slight but significant differences in proliferative capacity and differentiation potential. We conclude that ASF houses different subtypes of stem cells. yes yes adipose tissue, stem cells, differentiation, proliferation 2012-08-22 0008-4212 90 9 1295 1301 7 10.1139/Y2012-094 Medical Devices Dispositifs médicaux National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270065 84ef40cb-5590-42a9-b365-e88e75a01ca3 Darren Sarty aut Noel T. Baker aut Euan L. Thomson aut Cheryl Rafuse aut Roger Ebanks Ebanks, Roger O. aut ACRD DCRA Lori L. Graham aut Nikhil A. Thomas aut text article eng Vcio parahaemolyticus T3SS-1 substrates have been identified, although many predicted substrates (based on homologies) remain undetected in secreted fractions and therefore uncharacterized. We have experimentally developed and optimized a secretion assay protocol allowing for reliable and reproducible detection of V. parahaemolyticus T3SS-1 secreted proteins within culture supernatants. The presence of magnesium and absence of calcium were critical factors in promoting type III secretion of protein substrates. Proteomic approaches identified known V. parahaemolyticus secreted effectors in addition to previously unidentified proteins. Isogenic mutants in putative low calcium response genes were generated, and experiments further implicated the genes in secretion and V. parahaemolyticus-mediated host-cell cytotoxicity during infection. These approaches should be valuable towards future detailed genetic and biochemical analyses of T3SS-1 in V. parahaemolyticus. yes yes type III secretion, calcium, effector, cytotoxicity 2012-10-30 0008-4166 58 11 1306 1315 10 10.1139/w2012-109 Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Développement des cultures et des ressources aquatiques National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270064 deb5eebb-8d48-4106-970f-29d723573cf8 Zheng Liu aut CONST CONST Solomon Tesfamariam aut text article eng Site seismic hazard (SSH) is an integral component of seismic risk assessment of engineered structures. The SSH encompasses the effect of ground shaking, landslide, and liquefaction. Discernment of liquefaction and lateral spreading vulnerability is a complex and nonlinear procedure that is influenced by model and parameter uncertainty. In this study, nine different data-driven models were investigated to predict the lateral spread displacement over a free-face and ground-slope conditions. These models include: multivariate adaptive regression splines, generalized additive model, neural networks, generalized linear model, robust regression, regression tree, support vector machine, projection pursuit, and random forest. The results demonstrate efficacy of the proposed models for lateral spreading estimation and in general, the random forest showed a better prediction. Sensitivity analysis is also performed to identify parameters that contribute to the model variability. © 2012 Crown Copyright. yes yes machine learning Data-driven model Lateral spread displacements Non-parametric regression 2012-10-01 1570-761X 10 5 1431 1454 24 10.1007/s10518-012-9366-7 Construction Construction National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270063 d7e3e2ad-af07-4931-811e-3f81fc2e5eea Philip A. Barber aut David Rushforth aut MD DM Smriti Agrawal aut Ursula I Tuor Tuor, Ursula I. aut MD DM text article eng Background: We investigated the use of a new MMP activatable probe MMPSense™ 750 FAST (MMPSense750) for in-vivo visualization of early MMP activity in ischemic stroke. Following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) optical imaging was performed. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent images of MMPSense activation were acquired using an Olympus fluorescent microscope, 1.25x objective, a CCD camera and an appropriate filter cube for detecting the activated probe with peak excitation and emission at 749 and 775 nm, respectively. Images were acquired starting at 2 or 24 hours after reperfusion over the ipsilateral and contralateral cortex before and for 3 hours after, MMPSense750 was injected.Results: Increased intensities ipsilaterally were observed following MMPSense750 injection with ischemic injury but not in sham animals. There were significant ipsilateral and contralateral differences at 15 minutes (P <0.05) in early ischemic reperfusion and at time 0 in 24 hours post ischemia (P <0.05) which persisted at 180 minutes in both these groups (P <0.01), but not following sham surgery. The increase in ipsilateral signal intensity was attenuated by hypothermia. These observations corresponded with a significant increase in the total MMP-9 protein levels, 5 and 24 hours following ischemia reperfusion (P <0.05) and their reduction by hypothermia.Conclusions: Matrix-metalloproteinase upregulation in ischemia reperfusion can be imaged acutely in-vivo with NIRF using MMPSense750. Hypothermia attenuated both the optical increase in intensity after MMPSense750 and the increase in MMP-9 protein expression supporting the proof of concept that NIRF imaging using MMPSense can be used to assess potential therapeutic strategies for stroke treatment. yes yes gelatinase B brain cortex brain ischemia brain surgery enzyme activity fluorescence microscopy hypothermia image processing in vivo study infrared radiation middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion injury Cerebral Cortex Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Functional Laterality Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery Infrared Rays Laser-Doppler Flowmetry Metalloproteases Molecular Probes Up-Regulation 2012-06-28 1471-2202 13 1 76 10.1186/1471-2202-13-76 Medical Devices Dispositifs médicaux National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270062 9fa3b53b-b728-4b7e-80ad-1f02d9e52199 Peng Xu aut SDT TSR Hilal Gul-Uludag aut Woon T. Ang aut Xiaoyan Yang aut Min Huang aut Leah Marquez-Curtis aut Locksley McGann aut Anna Janowska-Wieczorek aut James Xing aut Eric B Swanson Swanson, Eric aut IRAP PARI Jie Chen aut SDT TSR text article eng Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) stimulated the viability, proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) from fresh and cryopreserved peripheral blood leukapheresis product, as well as cord blood when applied for 10 min each day for 4 days. Cell viability, proliferation and differentiation were assessed on day 5 by viable cell counting, MTS proliferation assay, flow cytometry, and colony-forming unit assay. LIPUS stimulation: (i) enhanced the proliferation of fresh HSPC and maintained the viability of cryopreserved HSPC in vitro; (ii) did not affect the percentage of CD34 + and CD14 + cells; and (iii) enhanced burst-forming unit-erythroid colony formation. Hence, we suggest that this novel LIPUS stimulation approach might enhance the efficacy of clinical transplantation and cellular therapies using HSPC. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. yes yes 2012-10-01 0141-5492 1573-6776 34 10 1965 1973 9 10.1007/s10529-012-0984-6 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture NRC Industrial Research Assistance Program Programme d'aide à la recherche industrielle du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270061 b285821f-285a-495d-ab55-42eeda01c774 Benjamin R. Watts aut Zhiyi Frank (Frank) Zhang Zhang, Zhiyi aut ICT TIC Chang-Qing Xu aut Xudong Cao aut Min Lin aut text article eng An optofluidic device is demonstrated with photonic components integrated onto the chip for use in fluorescence and scatter detection and counting applications. The device is fabricated by integrating the optical and fluidic components in a single functional layer. Optical excitation on-chip is accomplished via a waveguide integrated with a system of lenses that reforms the geometry of the beam in the microfluidic channel into a specific shape that is more suitable for reliable detection. Separate counting tests by detecting fluorescence and scattered signals from 2.5 and 6.0 μm beads were performed and found to show detection reliability comparable to that of conventional means of excitation and an improvement over other microchip-based designs. © 2012 Optical Society of America. yes yes Fluidic components Fluorescence detection Functional layer Microfluidic channel On chips Optical components Optofluidic devices Photonic components Reliable detection Photoexcitation Fluorescence 2012-10-10 2156-7085 3 11 2784 2793 10 10.1364/BOE.3.002784 Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270060 5c55188c-bf1e-44c7-b956-b2813c52baef Seong Man Choi aut Sangsig (Sean) Yun Yun, Sangsig aut AERO AERO Hanjin Jeong Jeong, Han Jin aut AERO AERO Andrew Andrew Corber Corber, Andrew aut AERO AERO text article eng This paper presents an experimental investigation of fuel sprays generated by a rotary atomizer exposed to a cross flow of air. The effects of two variables, the rotational speed and cross-flow velocity, on the droplet sizes were studied. The rotary atomizer was driven at speeds up to 15,000 rpm with a fuel flow rate of 15 kg/h and cross flow from 10 to 150 m/s. For any given rotational speed, the fuel droplet sizes decreased as the air cross flow increased, reaching an almost constant value of about 8 μm at 150 m/s cross-flow velocity. At cross-flow velocities less than about 50 m/s, the fuel droplet sizes decreased as the rotational speed increased. However, at a cross-flow velocity greater than 100 m/s, the fuel droplet sizes did not changed significantly as the rotational speed increased. Of the two variables studied, each influenced the droplet size differently in a certain cross-flow velocity region. The rotational speed influenced the droplet size at relatively low cross-flow velocity. By exceeding a cross-flow velocity of 75 m/s, the dynamic effect of high-speed cross flow became dominant. This effect can be generalized to the Weber number based on the orifice diameter and the non-dimensional droplet size. In this correlation, the following three distinct spray regimes were identified according to the Weber number based on orifice diameter: rotation dominant, intermediate, and cross flow dominant. © 2012 by Begell House, Inc. yes yes Cross flows Malvern Rotary atomizers Spray Weber numbers Drops Fuel systems Orifices Speed Surface mount technology Flow velocity 2012 1044-5110 22 2 143 161 19 10.1615/AtomizSpr.2012005049 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270059 21eab64c-9f29-4115-aae7-ad7df96387fd Seong Man Choi aut Sangsig (Sean) Yun Yun, Sangsig aut AERO AERO Hanjin Jeong Jeong, Han Jin aut AERO AERO Andrew Andrew Corber Corber, Andrew aut AERO AERO text article eng This paper presents an investigation of the spatial droplet distribution around a rotary atomizer in an air cross flow. The droplet size, velocity, and spray distribution were measured using a phase Doppler particle analyzer system. The spray was photographed using a high-speed camera. The rotary atomizer was driven at speeds of 5000 rpm, 10,000 rpm, and 15,000 rpm. The fuel flow rate was held constant at 15 kg/h, and the air cross-flow velocities varied from 25 m/s to 150 m/s. The overall spray shape was observed to shrink toward the axis of rotation with increasing cross-flow speeds. High-speed visualization showed that the injected ligaments disintegrate into fairly large droplets and spread out in the radial direction at lower cross-flow velocities. At higher cross-flow speeds, the injected ligaments are abruptly deflected and broken up in the downstream direction close to the surface of the atomizer and are mixed with the cross-flow air stream immediately. The axial velocity profile indicates that a strong recirculation zone is formed just below the rotating nozzle. A high tangential velocity is shown to exist close to the injection point. Further downstream, the radial velocity component is shown to be dominant, while the tangential velocity becomes weak. The axial velocities show similar trends for the same cross-flow velocities, as the droplets follow the dominant air stream formed by the cross flow regardless of rotational speed. Near the injection orifice, relatively larger droplets are concentrated in a narrow region close to the radius of the atomizer. As the liquid jet travels downstream, the droplets are dispersed by the cross flow and distributed over a wider area. The cross flow influences the Sauter mean diameter directly; however, the rotational speed of the nozzle only has a large effect on the spray at slower cross-flow conditions. This injector design is shown to have a circumferential uniformity of ±4 μm, making it an acceptable choice for combustion applications. © 2012 by Begell House, Inc. yes yes Cross flows High-speed visualization PDPA Phase Doppler particle analyzer Rotary atomizers Sauter mean diameter (SMD) Spray Tangential velocities Atomizers Computational fluid dynamics Drops Flow velocity Surface mount technology Spray nozzles 2012 1044-5110 22 12 1077 1095 19 10.1615/AtomizSpr.2013007146 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270058 2b1c07d4-4dac-4a8c-ad16-640e0f736b93 John E. Vaillancourt aut Brenda Matthews Matthews, Brenda C. aut NSI ISN text article eng The Hertz and SCUBA polarimeters, working at 350 μm and 850 μm, respectively, have measured the polarized emission in scores of Galactic clouds. Of the clouds in each data set, 17 were mapped by both instruments with good polarization signal-to-noise ratios. We present maps of each of these 17 clouds comparing the dual-wavelength polarization amplitudes and position angles at the same spatial locations. In total number of clouds compared, this is a four-fold increase over previous work. Across the entire data set real position angle differences are seen between wavelengths. While the distribution of φ(850)-φ(350) is centered near zero (near-equal angles), 64% of data points with high polarization signal-to-noise (P ≥ 3σ p) have |φ(850)-φ(350)| > 10°. Of those data with small changes in position angle (≤10°) the median ratio of the polarization amplitudes is P(850)/P(350) = 1.7 ± 0.6. This value is consistent with previous work performed on smaller samples and models that require mixtures of different grain properties and polarization efficiencies. Along with the polarization data we have also compiled the intensity data at both wavelengths; we find a trend of decreasing polarization with increasing 850-to-350 μm intensity ratio. All the polarization and intensity data presented here (1699 points in total) are available in electronic format. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes yes 2012-06-22 0067-0049 201 2 13 10.1088/0067-0049/201/2/13 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270057 481e7b0a-646e-4bd9-94b9-98baaaff699d G. Fiorentino aut Peter B Stetson Stetson, P. B. aut NSI ISN M. Monelli aut G. Bono aut E. J. Bernard aut A. Pietrinferni aut text article eng We present a study of short-period, central helium-burning variable stars in the Local Group dwarf spheroidal galaxy LeoI, including 106 RR Lyrae stars and 51 Cepheids. So far, this is the largest sample of Cepheids and the largest Cepheids to RR Lyrae ratio found in such a kind of galaxy. Comparison with other Local Group dwarf spheroidals, Carina and Fornax, shows that the period distribution of RR Lyrae stars is quite similar, suggesting similar properties of the parent populations, whereas the Cepheid period distribution in LeoI peaks at longer periods (P ∼ 1.26days instead of ∼0.5days) and spans over a broader range, from 0.5 to 1.78days. Evolutionary and pulsation predictions indicate, assuming a mean metallicity peaked within -1.5 ≲ [Fe/H] ≲ -1.3, that the current sample of LeoI Cepheids traces a unique mix of anomalous Cepheids (blue extent of the red-clump, partially electron-degenerate central helium-burning stars) and short-period classical Cepheids (blue-loop, quiescent central helium-burning stars). Current evolutionary prescriptions also indicate that the transition mass between the two different groups of stars is M HeF ∼2.1 M ⊙, and it is constant for stars metal-poorer than [Fe/H] ∼-0.7. Finally, we briefly outline the different implications of the current findings on the star formation history of LeoI. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes yes 2012-10-11 2041-8205 759 1 L12 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L12 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270056 1f304354-70bd-4ae9-bade-9a0daddac470 T.A. van Kempen aut S. N. Longmore aut Douglas Johnstone Johnstone, D. aut NSI ISN T. Pillai aut A. Fuente aut text article eng Intermediate-mass (IM) protostars, the bridge between the very common solar-like protostars and the more massive, but rarer, O and B stars, can only be studied at high physical spatial resolutions in a handful of clouds. In this paper, we present and analyze the continuum results from an observing campaign at the Submillimeter Array (SMA) targeting two well-studied IM protostars in Orion, NGC2071 and L1641 S3 MMS 1. The extended SMA (eSMA) probes structure at angular resolutions up to 02, revealing protostellar disks on scales of 200AU. Continuum flux measurements on these scales indicate that a significant amount of mass, a few tens of M ⊙, is present. Envelope, stellar, and disk masses are derived using compact, extended, and eSMA configurations and compared against spectral energy distribution fitting models. We hypothesize that fragmentation into three components occurred within NGC2071 at an early time, when the envelopes were less than 10% of their current masses, e.g., <0.5 M ⊙. No fragmentation occurred for L1641 S3 MMS 1. For NGC2071, evidence is given that the bulk of the envelope material currently around each source was accreted after the initial fragmentation. In addition, about 30% of the total core mass is not yet associated to one of the three sources. A global accretion model is favored and a potential accretion history of NGC2071 is presented. It is shown that the relatively low level of fragmentation in NGC2071 was stifled compared to the expected fragmentation from a Jeans argument. Similarly, the lack of fragmentation in L1641 S3 MMS 1 is likely due to similar arguments. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. yes yes 2012-05-16 0004-637X 751 2 137 10.1088/0004-637X/751/2/137 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270055 e48a2d89-c661-45fa-8786-e8ac8b0a3f4b Yuan Wang aut Henrik Beuther aut Qizhou Zhang aut Arjan Bik aut Javier A. Rodón aut Zhibo Jiang aut Cassandra Fallscheer aut NSI ISN text article eng We observed three high-mass star-forming regions in the W3 high-mass star formation complex with the Submillimeter Array and IRAM 30m telescope. These regions, i.e., W3 SMS1 (W3 IRS5), SMS2 (W3 IRS4) and SMS3, are in different evolutionary stages and are located within the same large-scale environment, which allows us to study rotation and outflows as well as chemical properties in an evolutionary sense. While we find multiple millimeter continuum sources toward all regions, these three subregions exhibit different dynamical and chemical properties, which indicate that they are in different evolutionary stages. Even within each subregion, massive cores of different ages are found, e.g., in SMS2, sub-sources from the most evolved ultracompact H II region to potential starless cores exist within 30,000 AU of each other. Outflows and rotational structures are found in SMS1 and SMS2. Evidence for interactions between the molecular cloud and the H II regions is found in the 13CO channel maps, which may indicate triggered star formation. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. yes yes 2012-07-11 0004-637X 754 2 87 10.1088/0004-637X/754/2/87 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270054 b832ed5f-4455-4ba7-bc15-54e2453d481a C. R. Gwinn aut M. D. Johnson aut J. E. Reynolds aut D. L. Jauncey aut A. K. Tzioumis aut H. Hirabayashi aut H. Kobayashi aut Y. Murata aut P. G. Edwards aut Sean Dougherty Dougherty, S. aut NSI ISN Brent Carlson Carlson, B. aut NSI ISN David (Dave) Del Rizzo del Rizzo, D. aut NSI ISN J. F. H. Quick aut C. S. Flanagan aut P. M. McCulloch aut text article eng We present measurements of the linear diameter of the emission region of the Vela pulsar at observing wavelength λ = 18 cm. We infer the diameter as a function of pulse phase from the distribution of visibility on the Mopra-Tidbinbilla baseline. As we demonstrate, in the presence of strong scintillation, finite size of the emission region produces a characteristic W-shaped signature in the projection of the visibility distribution onto the real axis. This modification involves heightened probability density near the mean amplitude, decreased probability to either side, and a return to the zero-size distribution beyond. We observe this signature with high statistical significance, as compared with the best-fitting zero-size model, in many regions of pulse phase. We find that the equivalent FWHM of the pulsar's emission region decreases from more than 400 km early in the pulse to near zero at the peak of the pulse and then increases again to approximately 800 km near the trailing edge. We discuss possible systematic effects and compare our work with previous results. © © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. yes yes 2012-09-18 0004-637X 758 1 7 10.1088/0004-637X/758/1/7 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270050 49ba7e0b-cab6-47b9-8738-6639bd271f28 C. R. Gwinn aut M. D. Johnson aut J. E. Reynolds aut D. L. Jauncey aut A. K. Tzioumis aut Sean Dougherty Dougherty, S. aut NSI ISN Brent Carlson Carlson, B. aut NSI ISN David (Dave) Del Rizzo Del Rizzo, D. aut NSI ISN H. Hirabayashi aut H. Kobayashi aut Y. Murata aut P. G. Edwards aut J. F. H. Quick aut C. S. Flanagan aut P. M. McCulloch aut text article eng We compare the noise in interferometric measurements of the Vela pulsar from ground- and space-based antennas with theoretical predictions. The noise depends on both the flux density and the interferometric phase of the source. Because the Vela pulsar is bright and scintillating, these comparisons extend into both the low and high signal-to-noise regimes. Furthermore, our diversity of baselines explores the full range of variation in interferometric phase. We find excellent agreement between theoretical expectations and our estimates of noise among samples within the characteristic scintillation scales. Namely, the noise is drawn from an elliptical Gaussian distribution in the complex plane, centered on the signal. The major axis, aligned with the signal phase, varies quadratically with the signal, while the minor axis, at quadrature, varies with the same linear coefficients. For weak signal, the noise approaches a circular Gaussian distribution. Both the variance and covariance of the noise are also affected by artifacts of digitization and correlation. In particular, we show that gating introduces correlations between nearby spectral channels. © © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. yes yes 2012-09-18 0004-637X 758 1 6 10.1088/0004-637X/758/1/6 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270049 ac18e666-260e-4628-9cbb-9905f7165e13 Timothy (Tim) Davidge Davidge, T. J. aut NSI ISN text article eng The stellar contents of the open clusters King 12, NGC 7788, and NGC 7790 are investigated using MegaCam images. Comparisons with isochrones yield an age <20 Myr for King 12, 20-40 Myr for NGC 7788, and 60-80 Myr for NGC 7790 based on the properties of stars near the main-sequence turnoff (MSTO) in each cluster. The reddening of NGC 7788 is much larger than previously estimated. The luminosity functions (LFs) of King 12 and NGC 7788 show breaks that are attributed to the onset of pre-main-sequence (PMS) objects, and comparisons with models of PMS evolution yield ages that are consistent with those measured from stars near the MSTO. In contrast, the r′ LF of main-sequence stars in NGC 7790 is matched to r′ = 20 by a model that is based on the solar neighborhood mass function. The structural properties of all three clusters are investigated by examining the two-point angular correlation function of blue main-sequence stars. King 12 and NGC 7788 are each surrounded by a stellar halo that extends out to a radius of 5 arcmin (∼3.4 pc). It is suggested that these halos form in response to large-scale mass ejection early in the evolution of the clusters, as predicted by models. In contrast, blue main-sequence stars in NGC 7790 are traced out to a radius of ∼7.5 arcmin (∼5.5 pc), with no evidence of a halo. It is suggested that all three clusters may have originated in the same star-forming complex, but not in the same giant molecular cloud. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. yes yes 2012-12-04 0004-637X 761 2 155 10.1088/0004-637X/761/2/155 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270048 ade51a7f-39d1-4d08-8754-75e704e837e8 J. S. Heyl aut H. Richer aut J. Anderson aut Gregory (Greg) Fahlman Fahlman, G. aut NSI ISN A. Dotter aut J. Hurley aut J. Kalirai aut R. M. Rich aut M. Shara aut Peter B Stetson Stetson, P. aut NSI ISN K. A. Woodley aut D. Zurek aut text article eng Multi-epoch observations with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope provide a unique and comprehensive probe of stellar dynamics within NGC 6397. We are able to confront analytic models of the globular cluster with the observed stellar proper motions. The measured proper motions probe well along the main sequence from 0.8 to below 0.1 M as well as white dwarfs younger than 1 Gyr. The observed field lies just beyond the half-light radius where standard models of globular cluster dynamics (e.g., based on a lowered Maxwellian phase-space distribution) make very robust predictions for the stellar proper motions as a function of mass. The observed proper motions show no evidence for anisotropy in the velocity distribution; furthermore, the observations agree in detail with a straightforward model of the stellar distribution function. We do not find any evidence that the young white dwarfs have received a natal kick in contradiction with earlier results. Using the observed proper motions of the main-sequence stars, we obtain a kinematic estimate of the distance to NGC 6397 of 2.2+0.5 - 0.7 kpc and a mass of the cluster of 1.1 ± 0.1 × 105 M at the photometric distance of 2.53 kpc. One of the main-sequence stars appears to travel on a trajectory that will escape the cluster, yielding an estimate of the evaporation timescale, over which the number of stars in the cluster decreases by a factor of e, of about 3 Gyr. The proper motions of the youngest white dwarfs appear to resemble those of the most massive main-sequence stars, providing the first direct constraint on the relaxation time of the stars in a globular cluster of greater than or about 0.7 Gyr. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. yes yes 2012-11-21 0004-637X 761 1 51 10.1088/0004-637X/761/1/51 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270047 dac4a2b6-5f80-4a8a-a7d8-3b4de14ca3a7 Benjamin Hendricks aut Peter B Stetson Stetson, Peter B. aut NSI ISN Don A. VandenBerg aut Massimo Dall'Ora aut text article eng We have used a combination of broadband near-infrared and optical Johnson-Cousins photometry to study the dust properties in the line of sight to the Galactic globular cluster M4. We have investigated the reddening effects in terms of absolute strength and variation across the cluster field, as well as the shape of the reddening law defined by the type of dust. All three aspects had been poorly defined for this system and, consequently, there has been controversy about the absolute distance to this globular cluster, which is closest to the Sun. Here, we determine the ratio of absolute to selective extinction (R V) in the line of sight toward M4, which is known to be a useful indicator for the type of dust and therefore characterizes the applicable reddening law. Our method is independent of age assumptions and appears to be significantly more precise and accurate than previous approaches. We obtain A V /E(B - V) = 3.76 ± 0.07 (random error) for the dust in the line of sight to M4 for our set of filters. That corresponds to a dust-type parameter R V = 3.62 ± 0.07 in the Cardelli et al. reddening law. With this value, the distance to M4 is found to be 1.80 ± 0.05 kpc, corresponding to a true distance modulus of (m - M) 0 = 11.28 ± 0.06 (random error). A reddening map for M4 has been created, which reveals a spatial differential reddening of δE(B - V) ≥ 0.2 mag across the field within 10′ around the cluster center; this is about 50% of the total mean reddening, which we have determined to be E(B - V) = 0.37 ± 0.01. In order to provide accurate zero points for the extinction coefficients of our photometric filters, we investigated the impact of stellar parameters such as temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity on the extinction properties and the necessary corrections in different bandpasses. Using both synthetic ATLAS9 spectra and observed spectral energy distributions, we found similarly sized effects for the range of temperature and surface gravity typical of globular cluster stars: each causes a change of about 3% in the necessary correction factor for each filter combination. Interestingly, variations in the metallicity cause effects of the same order when the assumed value is changed from the solar metallicity ([Fe/H] = 0.0) to [Fe/H] = -2.5. The systematic differences between the reddening corrections for a typical main-sequence turnoff star in a metal poor globular cluster and a Vega-like star are even stronger (5%). We compared the results from synthetic spectra to those obtained with observed spectral energy distributions and found significant differences for temperatures lower than 5000 K. We have attributed these discrepancies to the inadequate treatment of some molecular bands in the B filter within the ATLAS9 models. Fortunately, these differences do not affect the principal astrophysical conclusions in this study, which are based on stars hotter than 5000K. From our calculations, we provide extinction zero points for Johnson-Cousins and Two Micron All Sky Survey filters, spanning a wide range of stellar parameters and dust types. These extinction tables are suited for accurate, object-specific extinction corrections. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes yes 2012-06-14 0004-6256 144 1 25 10.1088/0004-6256/144/1/25 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270046 656cf42f-5c2f-41e3-8721-a2d4df183883 Boualem Ouazia aut CONST CONST Alexandra Thompson aut CONST CONST Iain Alexander Macdonald Macdonald, Iain aut CONST CONST Daniel Booth aut CONST CONST Michel Tardif aut 2012 ASHRAE Annual Conference, June 23-27 2012, San Antonio, TX, USA text article eng A series of field studies on the performance of displacement ventilation (DV) were carried out in schools across Canada during the heating season over the last three years. Indoor air quality was evaluated using the IAQ index Contaminant Removal Effectiveness (CRE) based on carbon dioxide concentrations for three schools equipped with DV systems. Results from the three field studies have shown values of CRE to be higher than 0.7 (ventilation effectiveness specified in ASHRAE 62.1-2007 when DV systems are used for heating, with ceiling return). The measured CRE in the three schools was often greater than 1.0 even in the middle of the heating season. The results show that as long as the supply air is cooler than the room air, DV system works well in achieving good contaminant stratification and ventilation effectiveness in the space when combined with a perimeter heating system. ©2012 ASHRAE. yes yes Carbon dioxide concentrations Contaminant removal Displacement ventilation Displacement ventilation system Field studies Heating season Heating system Indoor air quality Room air Ventilation effectiveness Carbon dioxide Heating Indoor air pollution Societies and institutions Ventilation 2012-12-01 0001-2505 9781936504350 118 2 292 299 8 Construction Construction National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270044 b984d791-ccc9-4590-8d7f-400752ebbe79 Zengtao Chen aut Hamid Akbarzadeh aut M. Hossein (Hossein) Babaei Babaei, Hossein aut IOT ITO 2011 International Conference on Mechatronics and Materials Engineering, ICMME 2011, December 10-12 2011, Qiqihar, China text article eng The multi-physics of piezoelectric materials under different environmental conditions has been an active research subject for a few decades. Particularly, the thermoelastic behaviour of smart materials and structures is of great importance to their reliability in different applications. Traditionally, the Fourier heat conduction theory was introduced in dealing with the thermoelastic reactions of smart materials and structures. This may lead to reasonable analyses and useful guidelines in design of smart structures, especially when no severe thermal gradient is involved. However, when a severe thermal gradient is indeed involved in the service environment of a smart structure, the analysing results based on the Fourier heat conduction theory is unrealistic and usually rendered useless. Non-Fourier heat conduction theories have been introduced in the thermoelastic analysis of smart materials and structures in recent years and resulted in reasonable results. In this paper, we review the recent results of a thermopiezoelectric problem of a one-dimensional (1-D), finite length, functionally graded medium excited by a moving heat source using both the Fourier and Non-Fourier heat conduction theories. Numerical examples are displayed to illustrate the effects of non-homogeneity index, length and thermal relaxation time on the results. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland. yes yes Environmental conditions Finite length Fourier heat conduction Functionally graded Moving heat sources Multi-physics Non-Fourier heat conduction theory Nonhomogeneity Numerical example Piezoelectric medium Research subjects Service environment Smart materials and structures Thermal relaxation time Thermoelastic analysis Thermoelastics Thermopiezoelectric Functionally graded materials Heat conduction Intelligent materials MEMS Piezoelectric materials Thermal gradients Thermal stress Thermoelasticity Fourier transforms 2012-01-24 9783037853504 396 400 5 1660-9336 151 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.151.396 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Institute for Ocean Technology Institut des technologies océaniques du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270042 476536a5-6db3-4ee1-9a86-b476d66122e6 Jie Liu aut Chunsheng Yang aut ICT TIC Qingfeng Lou aut International Conference on Mechanical Science and Engineering, ICMSE 2012, July 20-22 2012, Beijing, China text article eng Rolling element bearings are widely used in various rotary machines. Most rotary machine failures are attributed to unexpected bearing faults. Accordingly, reliable bearing fault detection is critically needed in industries to prevent these machines' performance degradation, malfunction, or even catastrophic failures. Feature extraction plays an important role in bearing fault detection and significant research efforts have thus far been devoted to this subject from both academia and industry. This paper intends to provide a brief review of the recent developments in feature extraction for bearing fault detection, and the focus will be placed on the advances in methods for dealing with the nonstationary characteristics of bearing fault signatures. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland. yes yes Bearing fault detection Bearing fault signature Catastrophic failures Health condition Nonstationary Performance degradation Research efforts Rolling Element Bearing Rotary machine Bearings (structural) Condition monitoring Fault detection Rotating machinery Signal processing Vibration analysis Feature extraction 2012-09-26 9783037854723 124 128 5 1660-9336 197 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.197.124 Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270040 f121dc26-853b-4076-9c19-aac5f434ae1f Étienne Yergeau Yergeau, Etienne aut EME EME John R. Lawrence aut Sylvie Sanschagrin aut EME EME Marley J. Waiser aut Darren R. Korber aut Charles Greer Greer, Charles W. aut EME EME text article eng The Athabasca oil sands deposit is the largest reservoir of crude bitumen in the world. Recently, the soaring demand for oil and the availability of modern bitumen extraction technology have heightened exploitation of this reservoir and the potential unintended consequences of pollution in the Athabasca River. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential impacts of oil sands mining on neighboring aquatic microbial community structure. Microbial communities were sampled from sediments in the Athabasca River and its tributaries as well as in oil sands tailings ponds. Bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes were amplified and sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology (454 and Ion Torrent). Sediments were also analyzed for a variety of chemical and physical characteristics. Microbial communities in the fine tailings of the tailings ponds were strikingly distinct from those in the Athabasca River and tributary sediments. Microbial communities in sediments taken close to tailings ponds were more similar to those in the fine tailings of the tailings ponds than to the ones from sediments further away. Additionally, bacterial diversity was significantly lower in tailings pond sediments. Several taxonomic groups of Bacteria and Archaea showed significant correlations with the concentrations of different contaminants, highlighting their potential as bioindicators. We also extensively validated Ion Torrent sequencing in the context of environmental studies by comparing Ion Torrent and 454 data sets and by analyzing control samples. © 2012, American Society for Microbiology. yes yes 16S rRNA gene Aquatic microbial communities Archaea Archaeal Athabasca Athabasca oil sands Bacterial diversity Bitumen extraction Environmental studies Microbial communities Oil sands mining Oil sands tailings Tailings pond Bituminous materials Microorganisms Oil sands Ore tailings RNA Sedimentology sediments RNA 16S bioindicator fluvial deposit physicochemical property prokaryote river pollution species diversity archaeon bacterium biodiversity DNA sequence environmental monitoring genetics high throughput sequencing microbial consortium microbiology oil and gas field oil spill water pollutant Oil and Gas Fields Petroleum Pollution Rivers RNA, Ribosomal, 16S Sequence Analysis, DNA Water Pollutants, Chemical Alberta Athabasca River Canada Archaea Bacteria (microorganisms) 2012-08-24 0099-2240 78 21 7626 7637 12 10.1128/AEM.02036-12 Energy, Mining and Environment Énergie, mines et environnement National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270039 0dc389f0-c6fb-4e63-9b97-63b1fe7ea604 Emma Timson aut Philip Perfect aut Mark White aut Gareth D. Padfield aut Robert Thomas Erdos Erdos, Robert aut AERO AERO Arthur William (Bill) Gubbels Gubbels, Arthur W. aut AERO AERO American Helicopter Society 68th Annual Forum, May 1-3, 2012, Fort Worth, TX, USA text article eng This paper describes the potential applications of a Simulation Fidelity Rating (SFR) scale, to support the subjective assessment of rotorcraft training simulators. In this paper, the SFR scale has been used to examine pilot sensitivity and subsequent task strategy adaptation to simulator transport delay variations in the Precision Hover manoeuvre. The current FAA AC 120-63 and JAR-FSTD H simulator qualification standards requires a transport delay of no more than 100ms to meet the most stringent Level D criteria. The study has highlighted that the majority of the evaluation pilots indicated that transport delays of this order would compromise the utility of the simulator to provide training for the Precision Hover manoeuvre. For an additional 100ms transport delay, the pilot's SFRs ranged from Level 1 fidelity (simulation fit for purpose) to Level 3 fidelity (simulation not fit for purpose). The factors influencing the SFRs awarded, and their impact on the application of the SFR scale, are discussed in this paper. The methodology detailed in this paper has potential for more objective quantification of the utility of rotorcraft training simulators. Copyright ©2012 by the American Helicopter Society Inc. All rights reserved. yes yes Level-1 Potential applications Qualification standards Simulation fidelity Subjective assessments Task strategy Training simulator Transport delay Helicopter rotors Helicopters Rotors Simulators 2012 1622760514 9781622760510 3 2118 2133 16 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270023 97fe1690-9dec-4580-9dbc-488011051677 Jennifer L. Anderson aut Ronald C. Peterson aut Ian Peter Swainson Swainson, Ian aut SDT TSR text article eng Deuterated boyleite ZnSO 44D 2O, was synthesized and the atomic structure, including D positions, was successfully refined in a combined histogram neutron diffraction refinement. The cell dimensions for boyleite are a = 5.9144(2), b = 13.5665(4), c = 7.8924(2) Å, and β = 90.668(2)° with space group P2 1/n and Z = 4. The atomic structure including D positions of the isostructural mineral ilesite, MnSO 4·4D 2O, was refined and the cell dimensions are a = 5.9753(1), b = 13.8186(3), c = 8.0461(1) Å, and β = 90.826(2)°. Deuterated bianchite ZnSO 4·6D 2O was synthesized and the atomic structure, including D positions, was successfully refined with a unit cell of a = 9.969(1), b = 7. 2441(7), c = 24.249(3) Å, and β = 98.488(5)° in space group C2/c and Z = 8. A comparison of the hydrogen bonding in M 2+SO 4·4D 2O with that in M 2+SO 4·6D 2O shows that bifurcated hydrogen bonds are common in the tetrahydrate sulfates but nonexistent in the hexahydrate structures. This is a result of the packing constraints of the rings of the sulfate and metal-containing octahedra in the tetrahydrates. In the hexahydrate sulfates there is no direct linkage between the sulfate and metal-containing octahedra and hydrogen bonds are optimized without packing constraints, and no bifurcated hydrogen bonds are observed. yes yes chemical bonding crystal structure crystallography neutron diffraction sulfate group 2012 0003-004X 97 11-12 1905 1914 10 10.2138/am.2012.4121 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270022 e4b5c982-2ec3-4527-89f1-a2f9a3329c67 T. L. Grigorie aut R. M. Botez aut A. V. Popov aut Mahmoud Mamou Mamou, M. aut AERO AERO Youssef Mébarki Mébarki, Y. aut AERO AERO text article eng The present paper describes the design of a hybrid actuation control concept, a fuzzy logic proportional-integral-derivative plus a conventional on-off controller, for a new morphing mechanism using smart materials as actuators, which were made from shape memory alloys (SMA). The research work described here was developed for the open loop phase of a morphing wing system, whose primary goal was to reduce the wing drag by delaying the transition (from laminar to fully turbulent flows) position toward the wing trailing edge. The designed controller drives the actuation system equipped with SMA actuators to modify the flexible upper wing skin surface. The designed controller was also included, as an internal loop, in the closed loop architecture of the morphing wing system, based on the pressure information received from the flexible skin mounted pressure sensors and on the estimation of the transition location. The controller's purposes were established following a comprehensive presentation of the morphing wing system architecture and requirements. The strong nonlinearities of the SMA actuators' characteristics and the system requirements led to the choice of a hybrid controller architecture as a combination of a bi-positional on-off controller and a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). In the chosen architecture, the controller would behave as a switch between the SMA cooling and heating phases, situations where the output current is 0A or is controlled by the FLC. In the design phase, a proportional-integral-derivative scheme was chosen for the FLC. The input-output mapping of the fuzzy model was designed, taking account of the system's error and its change in error, and a final architecture for the hybrid controller was obtained. The shapes chosen for the inputs' membership functions were s-function, π-function, and z-function, and product fuzzy inference and the center average defuzzifier were applied (Sugeno). yes yes Actuation systems Closed loop architecture Controller architectures Defuzzifiers Design phase Fuzzy logic controllers Fuzzy models Hybrid actuation Hybrid controller Input-output mapping Internal loops Morphing Morphing wings Open loops Output current Proportional integral derivatives S-function Skin surfaces SMA actuators Strong nonlinearity System architectures Transition locations Wing trailing edge Fuzzy logic Membership functions Microactuators Proportional control systems Shape memory effect Flexible wings 2012-05 Cambridge University Press 0001-9240 116 1179 433 449 17 10.1017/S0001924000006977 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270021 09754f89-50a9-46b8-b57c-53c657e4118c Teodor Lucian Grigorie aut Ruxandra Mihaela Botez aut Andrei Vladimir Popov aut Mahmoud Mamou aut AERO AERO Youssef Mébarki aut AERO AERO text article eng The paper presents the numerical and experimental validation of a hybrid actuation control concept - fuzzy logic proportional-integral-derivative (PID) plus conventional on-off - for a new morphing wing mechanism, using smart materials made of shape memory alloy (SMA) as actuators. After a presentation of the hybrid controller architecture that was adopted in the Part 1, this paper focuses on its implementation, simulation and validation. The PID on-off controller was numerically and experimentally implemented using the Matlab/Simulink software. Following preliminary numerical simulations which were conducted to tune the controller, an experimental validation was performed. To implement the controller on the physical model, two programmable switching power supplies (AMREL SPS100-33) and a Quanser Q8 data acquisition card were used. The data acquisition inputs were two signals from linear variable differential transformer potentiometers, indicating the positions of the actuators, and six signals from thermocouples installed on the SMA wires. The acquisition board's output channels were used to control power supplies in order to obtain the desired skin deflections. The experimental validation utilised an experimental bench test in laboratory conditions in the absence of aerodynamic forces, and a wind-tunnel test for different actuation commands. Simultaneously, the optimised aerofoils were experimentally validated with the theoreticallydetermined aerofoils obtained earlier. Both the transition point real time position detection and visualisation were realised in wind tunnel tests. yes yes Aerodynamic forces Controller implementation Data acquisition cards Experimental bench Experimental validations Hybrid actuation Hybrid controller Laboratory conditions Linear variable differential transformer Matlab/Simulink software Morphing wings Output channels Physical model Position detection Power supply Proportional integral derivatives Simulation and validation SMA wire Switching power supplies Transition point Wind tunnel tests Actuators Aerodynamics Data acquisition Electric power supplies to apparatus Fuzzy logic Power electronics Shape memory effect Thermocouples Visualization Voltage dividers Proportional control systems 2012-05 Royal Aeronautical Society 0001-9240 116 1179 451 465 15 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270020 2061a465-d574-4711-8097-66b12cd76159 Fiona Carroll aut Alyson Jenkins aut Clare Woodward aut Frederika Gerlanda (Rita) Kop Kop, Rita aut ICT TIC Emrys Jenkins aut text article eng Action research has an extensive history of being used to improve teaching and learning in many different professional settings, for example, schools, colleges, universities health and social care services. Educational action research embodies a process that necessitates honesty and openness and which lends itself to the betterment of one's practice; in the current e-learning climate, where education is rapidly changing and the role and practice of the educator is evolving yet uncertain, action research has never been more valuable. This article explores and presents how social media have been used to enhance the teaching of action research and also how students gained an understanding, appreciation and an evolving experience of action research. Exploring the intricate relationships between action research, new technologies and the learning that took place during an Understanding Action Research module, this article is written from the perspective that the module team was interested in ensuring that students acquired a fully rounded understanding of action research in order to utilize it in the improvement of their own practice. © The Author(s) 2011 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav. yes yes 2012-10-19 1476-7503 10 2 170 188 19 10.1177/1476750311424945 Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270018 ff1cc8f1-751b-43db-81e4-e4f63a9141b9 Sankar Chatterjee aut R. Jack Templin aut AERO AERO text article eng Tapejara wellnhoferi, a small azhdarchoid pterodactyloid from the Early Cretaceous Santana Formation of Brazil, provides critical information about the aerodynamic function of its spectacular head crest. The cranial crests in pterodactyloids were sexually dimorphic and are thought to have evolved in adult males in response to female mate choice. However, the location of cranial crests in front of the center of gravity would create instability in the yaw axis during flight and may seem like a handicap. Vertically aligned webbed feet probably suppressed the yawing rotations and instability from the crest. Here we show that the crest functioned as a front rudder to make agile turn and mediate flight control. A computer simulation model suggests that Tapejara had a large excess of muscle power available above the power required for continuous flapping flight. It could easily takeoff from a perch, ground, or water surface and land safely on the ground. It was an excellent glider with a gliding angle close to 4° and a cruising speed of 27 km/h. Tapejara could soar efficiently on the windward side of cliffs or circle on rising thermals over tropical waters for efficient long-distance flight. Various control surfaces in the wings of Tapejara analogous to the slat, aileron, elevator, fin, rudder, and horizontal stabilizer of an aircraft made pterodactyloids versatile flyers. yes yes aerodynamics cliff computer simulation Cretaceous feather female behavior flight activity functional morphology gravity field mate choice paleontology pterosaur sexual dimorphism wing morphology Brazil Pterodactyloidea Tapejara 2012-12 0001-5717 86 6 1377 1388 12 10.1111/1755-6724.12007 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270016 c7c02eeb-c24f-47a5-a2c3-d0a636b31a3b Behnam Ashrafi aut AERO AERO Michael Jakubinek Jakubinek, Michael B. aut SDT TSR Yadienka Martinez-Rubi aut SDT TSR Benoit Simard aut SDT TSR Andrew Johnston aut AERO AERO 53rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference 2012, April 23-26, 2012, Honolulu, Hawaii text article eng In this work, the influence of SWCNTs on electrical and mechanical performance of two epoxy resins was studied. In the first study, a small quantity of SWCNTs (0.125 wt%) was incorporated into a high-temperature aerospace-grade epoxy. After the modification with SWCNTs, the correlation between bulk properties of this epoxy (electrical conductivity and Mode I fracture toughness) and the properties of epoxy/glass fiber laminates (inplane/ transverse electrical conductivity and Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness) was investigated. It was found that the electrical property improvements of nano-modified laminates exceeded those of bulk SWCNT-modified epoxy. On the other hand, the fracture toughness improvement of bulk epoxy after the addition of SWCNTs did not translate into interlaminar properties enhancement, possibly due to reduction of the nano-modified resin's ability to interact with glass fiber mats. In the second study, the mechanical and electrical performance of a SWCNT-modified epoxy adhesive was studied for aluminum-to-aluminum bonding. It was found that the integration of 1 wt% SWCNTs can considerably improve joint Mode I fracture toughness by ~ 35% due to mechanisms such as crack bridging. The electrical resistance of the bondline was also consistent with the electrical conductivity of SWCNT-modified adhesive films (~10-3 S/m), but somewhat lower than the bulk electrical conductivity measured on thicker samples. © 2012 by Canada National Research Council. yes yes Electrical conductivity Electrical resistances Interlaminar fracture toughness Interlaminar properties Mechanical and electrical Mechanical and electrical properties Mechanical performance Mode-i fracture toughness Aluminum Epoxy resins Fracture toughness Resins Structural dynamics Electric conductivity 2012-04 9781600869372 AIAA 2012-1725 0273-4508 10.2514/6.2012-1725 Aerospace Aérospatiale Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270014 769fe6ed-22fb-4a2c-b4f0-015472a66d7a B. Samareh aut J. Mostaghimi aut Christian Moreau Moreau, C. aut AST ATS 6th International Conference on Thermal Engineering Theory and Applications, May 29 - June 1, 2012, Istanbul text article eng In the present study a parallel three dimensional Volume of Fluid (VOF) method is developed to simulate Marangoni force in immiscible fluids with variable surface tension. Conservation equations are solved based on cell-averaged one-field volume tracking scheme. Evaluating the convective term in the energy equation along the boundary between the fluids highly depends on the position and orientation of the interface; hence, using average cell values simply ignores the interface shape and leads to computational uncertainty. As a remedy to this issue, the original idea behind the volume tracking method is used not only to advect mass and momentum but also energy across cells. To verify the proposed algorithm, results are compared against theoretically predicted thermocapillary migration velocity of a droplet at the limit of zero Marangoni number. However, at relatively high Marangoni numbers, thermal boundary layers are very thin and challenging to resolve. To demonstrate the capabilities of the heat transfer module, simulation of a Fluorinert droplet moving in silicon oil under applied temperature gradient in microgravity is compared against the available experimental results and the migration velocity of the droplet is reported. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Computational uncertainties Conservation equations Energy equation Fluorinert Immiscible fluids Interface shape Interfacial heat transfer Marangoni force Marangoni numbers Migration velocity Silicon oil Thermal boundary layer Thermocapillary migration Three-dimensional volume Tracking scheme Variable surface tension Volume tracking method Capillary flow Heat transfer Surface tension Thermoanalysis Drops 2012 9781926769080 Automotive and Surface Transportation Automobile et transport de surface National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270012 eb37d6fe-1844-49bf-ab50-ed0575b3c477 Daniel C Knezevici Knezevici, Daniel C. aut AERO AERO Dan Fuleki aut AERO AERO Thomas C (Tom) Currie Currie, Tom C. aut AERO AERO James D (Jim) MacLeod MacLeod, James D. aut AERO AERO 4th AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference 2012, June 25-28, 2012, New Orleans, LA, USA text article eng This paper describes the commissioning of a new test apparatus intended to simulate an inner-compressor duct bleed slot. It also identifies, for the first time, that ice crystal particle size plays an important role in the ice crystal phenomenon. Data and sample images of accretion are presented for wet bulb temperatures near freezing. The effect of wet bulb temperature and particle size on the natural melting of ice crystals is investigated. In addition, the erosion of surface accretion by ice crystal particles is discussed. © 2012 by Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. yes yes Ice crystals Particle size effect Test apparatus Wet bulb temperature Particle size Phase transitions Ice 2012 9781624101922 978-1-62276-218-7 AIAA 2012-3039 603 611 9 10.2514/6.2012-3039 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270010 ab66a47b-e9ee-4163-8bb6-b8875da405d9 Anthony Brown Brown, Anthony P. aut AERO AERO 4th AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference 2012, June 25-28, 2012, New Orleans, LA, USA text article eng THE NRC CT-133 aircraft has been used for wake turbulence research, over a period of five years. More recently, underwing sensor pod development has been completed, for the conduct of jet aircraft emission flight research, with the intention of being able to fully measure various aspects of emissions holistically, over the whole of the aircraft wake regimes. Critical airworthiness issues included the loads that the aircraft and pods would be subjected to, in the wake turbulence regimes of wakes, and the trailing-pair wake vortex regime in particular. NRC CT-133 wake turbulence data without the pods has been analysed and transformed to the pod CG locations, and resulting reactions derived for the pod mounting rack attachment bolt locations, the critical loading points. The resulting pod mounting rack attachment bolt loads have been parametrically related for wake turbulence parameters. When installed, the pods were fitted with accelerometers and accelerations measured, from which loads have been derived. These loads have been compared with those estimated for wake vortex encounter data without the pods. The pods mounting bolts loads were within the airworthiness safety limit. © 2012 by The Crown in Right of Canada. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. yes yes Aircraft emissions Aircraft wakes Critical loading Flight research Pod development Safety limits Wake turbulence Wake vortex Aircraft Atmospheric thermodynamics Bolts Loading Mountings Turbulence Wakes 2012 9781624101922 978-1-62276-218-7 AIAA 2012-2673 40 49 10 10.2514/6.2012-2673 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270009 b71d8ee1-9d0c-42f2-9066-6de1a9fb78d9 Anthony Brown Brown, Anthony P. aut AERO AERO Matthew Bastian aut AERO AERO Gregory J (Greg) Smallwood Smallwood, Greg aut MSS SME Jason O'Brien aut 4th AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference 2012, June 25-28, 2012, New Orleans, LA, USA text article eng The NRC has undertaken aviation emissions flight research. Principally aimed at Heavy and Super Jet Transports, the project has applied the NRC T-33 to measure condensation nuclei (CN), black carbon (BC), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOy) from aircraft flying enroute at high altitude. Most recently, the T-33 and flight profiles, developed under the research, have been applied to the comparative measurement of jet biofuel emissions. During the course of the project, techniques have been developed, for the derivation of estimated Emission Indices (EI) of pollutant species, measured on the ground (during taxy, departure or arrival runway operations) or inflight. In particular, if the jet engine exhaust jet streams were very young, air temperature measurements were used to correlate to empirically modeled turbulent jet mixing fluid dynamics, thereby deriving the applicable dilution factors (DF) to apply to the measured concentrations. For exhaust plumes which were not very young (i.e. not in a state of turbulent mixing, but rather in a state of turbulent or quiescent diffusion), flight data has involved techniques for the full cross-sectional measurement of wakes, including jet wake and wake vortex regimes. Not only has this captured the nature of wake structures under very strong static and dynamic influences, but permitted the measurement of aerosol emission index numbers directly. © 2012 by The Crown in Right of Canada. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. yes yes Aerosol emissions Air temperature measurement Comparative measurements Condensation nuclei Oxides of nitrogen Pollutant species Runway operations Volatile organic compound (VOC) Aerosols Aviation Exhaust systems (engine) Jet engines Temperature measurement Volatile organic compounds Wakes Atmospheric thermodynamics 2012 9781624101922 978-1-62276-218-7 AIAA 2012-2926 288 298 11 10.2514/6.2012-2926 Aerospace Aérospatiale Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270008 81519307-87fe-4c08-91ad-fdf94ad82f44 Thomas C (Tom) Currie Currie, Thomas C. aut AERO AERO Peter M. Struk aut Jen-Ching Tsao aut Dan Fuleki aut AERO AERO Daniel C Knezevici Knezevici, Daniel C. aut AERO AERO 4th AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference 2012, June 25-28, 2012, New Orleans, LA, USA text article eng This paper describes experiments performed in an altitude chamber at the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) as the first phase of a joint NRC/NASA program investigating ice crystal accretion in aero engines. The principal objective was to explore the effect of wet bulb temperature Twb (dependent on air temperature, humidity and pressure) on accretion behavior, since preliminary results published in an earlier paper indicated that well-adhered accretions are only possible at Twb<0°C, when water in an impinging mixedphase flow can freeze to a surface. To assess the accretion sensitivity to Twb, the symmetrical airfoil used in the previous work was tested at pressures of 44.8 kPa and 93kPa, usually at 0.25 Mach number, over a range of freestream liquid water and ice water concentrations, total air temperatures and humidity levels. Twb was typically maintained at +2°C or -2°C, based on dry total conditions (i.e. without ice or water injection). Total air temperature was >0°C in all tests. The limited test results confirmed that accretion behavior is very sensitive to Twb, which is in turn strongly related to pressure since evaporative cooling increases with decreasing pressure. Humidity and total temperature did not appear to have an independent effect on accretion behavior. Accretions, often resembling glaze ice, formed at Twb<0°C, when freestream water would freeze on the test airfoil without ice crystals present in the freestream. At Twb>0°C ice deposits were observed to be slushy, poorly adhered and shed frequently. The size of such deposits appeared to be a non-linear function of the freestream ice water content (IWC), becoming much larger at high IWC. © 2012 by National Research Council of Canada. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. yes yes Aircraft jet engines Evaporative cooling Fundamental studies Ice water content National Research Council of Canada Nonlinear functions Total temperatures Wet bulb temperature Airfoils Atmospheric humidity Atmospheric temperature Deposits Evaporative cooling systems Functions Jet engines Ice 2012 9781624101922 978-1-62276-218-7 AIAA 2012-3035 523 539 17 10.2514/6.2012-3035 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270007 7b1665a0-bcc9-4a6d-8116-311e825173e5 Anthony Brown Brown, Anthony P. aut AERO AERO 4th AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference 2012, June 25-28, 2012, New Orleans, LA, USA text article eng Observations of occurrences of inflight cold-soaked fuel frost (CSFF) on the wings of jet transport aircraft are presented and discussed, together with weather observational records. Although potentially rare occurrences, it would appear that such inflight frost deposition is not unique. Nor are the aerodynamic characteristics of jet transport wings protected in any way, from the roughness effect of inflight frost deposition. © 2012 by The Crown in Right of Canada. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. yes yes Aerodynamic characteristics Frost deposition Jet transports Roughness effects Deposition Transport aircraft 2012 9781624101922 978-1-62276-218-7 AIAA 2012-3233 736 748 13 10.2514/6.2012-3233 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270006 59df78ed-7395-4714-8265-e996185f781b Catherine Elizabeth Clark Clark, Catherine aut AERO AERO Marc Evan MacMaster MacMaster, Marc aut AERO AERO 4th AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference 2012, June 25-28, 2012, New Orleans, LA, USA text article eng Icing wind tunnel tests were conducted at the National Research Council Canada's 3 m x 6 m Propulsion and Icing Wind Tunnel (PIWT) located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada early in 2011 and 2012. These tests were a continuation of the work performed in 2010 on a generic supercritical airfoil representative of a regional-jet type aircraft wing section. Tests nominally consisted of coating the wing with de/anti-icing fluid, applying various levels of precipitation (e.g., snow, ice pellets, freezing rain, or combinations thereof), and simulating a take-off condition in the wind tunnel by accelerating the wind speed and pitching the wing through a desired pitch-profile. The wing performance was evaluated primarily by the measured lift-loss relative to the lift generated by a clean wing. The second phase of testing consisted of test cases similar to the 2010 tests in order to expand the scope of the data sets at various temperatures, while also investigating the effects of the rotation speed and ramp time on lift-loss and the effects of fluids and precipitation on stall. The experimental results were used as guidance for regulators in determining holdover and allowance times for aircraft operating in winter precipitation. © 2012 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved. yes yes Freezing rain National Research Council Ontario , Canada Rotation speed Supercritical Supercritical airfoils Wind tunnel tests Winter precipitation Rain Takeoff Wind stress Wings Wind tunnels 2012 9781624101922 978-1-62276-218-7 AIAA 2012-2799 245 259 15 10.2514/6.2012-2799 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270005 012ea6d1-1964-4314-aedb-c474838907ff Anthony Brown Brown, Anthony P. aut AERO AERO 4th AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference 2012, June 25-28, 2012, New Orleans, LA, USA text article eng Analyses of Wake Vortex formation and downstream development have been conducted, using mutual field induction calculations of the shed vorticity sheet. In order to illustrate and compare the formation and downstream development of wingtip vortices, the analyses were conducted for two widely-different cases of spanwise distribution of bound-vorticity. Termed inboard and outboard distributions, the loadings were nearly triangular and rectangular, respectively. For development analysis, Biot-Savart field calculations were conducted for the induced velocity field, and hence displacement of the elements of the shed vorticity sheet. Although an induced field calculation does not represent all fluid-element forces (in particular, the expansion pressure field) and thus, might over-estimate core radius for example), the comparative calculations provided results of interest, regarding the properties of developed wingtip vortices, such as core radius, span location, core asymmetry and peak velocity location. Following this and with reference to the NRC flight measurements of small, intense vortex elements with peaks greater than potential vortex peaks, centrifugal stability analysis is conducted, using a number of models: (1) the developed vortices for the outboard loading case were stimulated with, and released from, radial forcing; (2) a physical model of the centrifugal balance between inertia and pressure forces was examined by time-wise solution of the equations of elemental equations of motion, and (3) the Euler equations in axisymmetric, cylindrical coordinate form were numerically, spatiotemporally solved for excess-velocity vortex profiles. An example of resultant radial flow behaviour is compared to flight data. © 2012 by The Crown in Right of Canada. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. yes yes Centrifugal stabilities Cylindrical coordinates Expansion pressure Field calculation Flight measurements Induced velocity Potential vortex Spanwise distribution Centrifugation Euler equations Loading Velocity Vorticity Vortex flow 2012 9781624101922 978-1-62276-218-7 AIAA 2012-2671 11 21 11 10.2514/6.2012-2671 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270004 f6406311-f230-485e-96d7-caa1ae3830b0 Anthony Brown Brown, Anthony P. aut AERO AERO Matthew Bastian aut AERO AERO 4th AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference 2012, June 25-28, 2012, New Orleans, LA, USA text article eng Over the period 2006 to 2012, the NRC enroute wake vortex flight research project has measured vortex core profiles and properties, during numerous traverses of the vortex cores generated by Heavy and Super Category jet transports, flying enroute in cruise. The vortex core traverses were conducted by the NRC T-33 and were all initiated in-trail, with the T-33 flight-path being parallel to the vortex core axis generally vortex core entries were made in the vortex core six o-clock position. Core traverses took 3/4 to 11/4 seconds, over which the T-33 flew along the vortex axis a distance of 200-300 metres, and 4-20 m across the cores, amounting to traverse angles of 2-4° The vortex core profile symmetry and/or constancy over such a small traverse angle was ascertained, by comparing the advancing and retreating segments (to the closest point-of-approach, CPA) of the profiles. Often the implied symmetry/constancy was good, sometimes it wasn't small, very energetic secondary and tertiary vortex segments were encountered only to or from the CPA, on either the advancing or retreating segment only. In particular, they made identification of vortex core funnel segments difficult. In 2011, yaw traverses of vortex cores were conducted, entering the cores at angles of yaw to the vortex axial direction, of 1530° and/or angles of pitch of c.5° so that the cores were traversed over much smaller axial distances than intrail traverses. The analyses of the flight data from these yaw core-traverses is presented. © 2012 by The Crown in Right of Canada. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. yes yes Axial direction Axial distance Flight data Flight research Jet transports Tertiary vortex Vortex axis Vortex cores Flight paths Wakes Vortex flow 2012 9781624101922 978-1-62276-218-7 AIAA 2012-2670 1 10 10 10.2514/6.2012-2670 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270003 ea28a2aa-44cd-4bb6-9b71-d4a18f130abe Berndt William Zeitler Zeitler, Berndt aut CONST CONST Ivan Sabourin aut CONST CONST Stefan Schoenwald aut CONST CONST Erik Wenzke aut CONST CONST 41st International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering 2012, INTER-NOISE 2012, August 19-22, 2012, New York, NY, USA text article eng In an effort to generate design details for wood framed construction that meet the very stringent Korean Code requirements, solutions to reduce low frequency impact sound were developed. This paper presents these design details and the approach taken to develop them, which involved a parametric study of direct impact sound insulation followed by a flanking study. Results of the direct sound insulation study focus on the effects of topping and ceiling designs, whereas the flanking study focuses on the significance of flanking on the overall impact sound transmission between two rooms, one above the other, and on how a topping affects direct and flanking impact sound transmission differently. Copyright © (2012) by the Institute of Noise Control Engineering (INCE). yes yes Code requirements Direct impact Impact sound Impact sound transmissions Parametric study Acoustic wave transmission Acoustic waves Architectural acoustics Design Wooden construction 2012 Curran Associates, Inc. 9781627485609 8 6653 6662 10 Construction Construction National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270002 85c768c2-1dc0-44b9-9d3e-d3df3fbc7a6f Berndt William Zeitler Zeitler, Berndt aut CONST CONST Stefan Schoenwald aut CONST CONST Frances King aut CONST CONST 41st International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering 2012, INTER-NOISE 2012, August 19-22, 2012, New York, NY, USA text article eng Several recent NRC studies have investigated the change of sound insulation of lightweight framed floors, due to the addition of floor treatments (toppings and coverings). In this paper, a method to classify floor treatments as globally reacting or locally reacting is presented. A floor treatment that is locally reacting affects only the injected power and not the propagation of structure-borne sound to and through a junction. In this case, the floor treatment affects direct and all flanking sound transmission paths the same, for all path directions. A globally reacting floor treatment affects sound transmission in different paths differently, since it alters both the power injected, and the path itself. In this study lightweight wood frame floors were considered, where for globally reacting floor treatments, orientation of the floor treatment relative to the joists orientation are important parameters for their effectiveness. Several floor treatments (two toppings and six coverings) were measured and classified as locally or globally reacting, and effects are compared. Most of the floor treatments improved sound insulation, but two worsened it. yes yes Flanking sounds Injected power Sound transmission Structure borne sound Wood frame Wood frame construction Acoustic wave transmission Architectural acoustics Floors 2012 Curran Associates, Inc. 9781627485609 3 2346 2358 13 Construction Construction National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270001 6f26e91f-0fab-4301-8142-d5e2a4b64055 Kenneth (Ken) Hui Hui, Kenneth aut AERO AERO 28th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences 2012, ICAS 2012, September 23-28, 2012, Brisbane, Australia text article eng Bombardier Aerospace contracted the Flight Research Laboratory of the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) to develop a Flush Air Data System (FADS) capable of operation following transit through adverse weather conditions for use on Bombardier's test aircraft. The NRC's existing FADS design was modified to incorporate water traps at the inlet of each of the four pressure ports to prevent moisture ingestion into the pressure lines. A heating system was designed to reduce moisture condensation in the pressure lines. After fabrication of the final prototype was completed, experimental bench tests were performed to demonstrate that the FADS had met the performance requirements for flight through adverse conditions and that the system was safe for flight. The FADS was then sent to Bombardier Flight Test Centre and installed on a Bombardier Global 5000 aircraft for flight testing. To evaluate the FADS performance, manoeuvres were performed where the FADS was exposed to adverse weather conditions; the FADS angle of attack and angle of sideslip measurements were unaffected by these conditions during the tests. The FADS was calibrated using NRC's GPS-based Simultaneous Calibration of Air Data Systems (SCADS) technique by developing angle of attack and angle of sideslip calibration coefficients. The calibration coefficients were then validated across the aircraft's flight envelope and weather requirements. From the results of the bench tests and flight tests, it was concluded that the new FADS was able to measure angles of attack and sideslip after flight through adverse weather conditions accurately. © NRC Canada 2012. yes yes Air data Bombardier aerospaces Calibration coefficients Flush air data systems Moisture condensation National Research Council of Canada Performance requirements Simultaneous calibration Angle of attack Angle of attack indicators Calibration Meteorology Moisture Research laboratories Aircraft 2012 Curran Associates, Inc. 9781622767540 5 3669 3678 10 http://www.icas.org/ICAS_ARCHIVE/ICAS2012/PAPERS/001.PDF Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21270000 c2462e31-0544-448c-b13b-c3ee615fe1af Weixing Yuan aut AERO AERO Baoyuan Wang aut AERO AERO Dominique Poirel aut 28th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences 2012, ICAS 2012, September 23-28, 2012, Brisbane, Australia text article eng By coupling a two-degree-of-freedom structural model with an in-house incompressible code, numerical simulations were performed for a NACA 0012 airfoil undergoing self-sustained oscillations. As observed in experiments, the numerical simulations confirmed the presence of the pitch-heave limit-cycle oscillations of the airfoil at transitional Reynolds numbers, as a result of the nonlinear low-Re aerodynamics. The computed results revealed that the pitch motion of the pitch-heave limit-cycle oscillations at Rec < 80,000 was mainly maintained by the pitching moment feeding energy from the flow to the airfoil, while the pitch motion is believed to be sustained through the coupling with the second degree of freedom in heave at Rec > 80,000. Both pitch and heave motions were bounded by the pitching moment at ultimate pitch angles to a limit-cycle oscillation. yes yes Aeroelastic oscillations Degree of freedom Limit cycle oscillations Low Reynolds number Low-Reaerodynamics Self-sustained oscillations Structural models Two-degree-of-freedom Aerodynamics Airfoils Computer simulation Model structures Reynolds number Aeroelasticity 2012 Curran Associates, Inc. 9781622767540 1 816 825 10 http://www.icas.org/ICAS_ARCHIVE/ICAS2012/PAPERS/159.PDF Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269999 207612ae-1b08-4e23-956e-e4ee8a6386a7 Wei Xu aut Alan Ritter aut William B. Dolan aut Ralph Grishman aut Colin Andrew Cherry Cherry, Colin aut ICT TIC 24th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2012, December 8-15, 2012, Mumbai, India text article eng We present initial investigation into the task of paraphrasing language while targeting a particular writing style. The plays of William Shakespeare and their modern translations are used as a testbed for evaluating paraphrase systems targeting a specific style of writing. We show that even with a relatively small amount of parallel training data, it is possible to learn paraphrase models which capture stylistic phenomena, and these models outperform baselines based on dictionaries and out-of-domain parallel text. In addition we present an initial investigation into automatic evaluation metrics for paraphrasing writing style. To the best of our knowledge this is the first work to investigate the task of paraphrasing text with the goal of targeting a specific style of writing. © 2012 The COLING. yes yes Automatic evaluation Parallel text Parallel training Paraphrase Shakespeare Writing style Computational linguistics 2012 2899 2914 16 http://aclweb.org/anthology/C/C12/C12-1177.pdf Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269998 0086e1ae-4352-4a54-9796-e5a56a246a74 Kourosh Malek aut EME EME Elicia Maine aut Ian McCarthy aut 2012 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology - Technology Management for Emerging Technologies, PICMET'12, July 29 - August 2, 2012, Vancouver, BC, Canada text article eng Although the size of the Canadian clean energy market is small, high R&D capacity and clean-tech ventures delivering emerging clean energy technologies could potentially make Canada a global leader in supplying direct products, services and infrastructure to clean energy markets. Technology commercialization centres are of vital importance in facilitating and accelerating the transfer of academic and applied research to create and support technology-based ventures. However, there is a lack of clarity around the governance, performance, operation, and business model of such organizations. In order to develop and implement the best business practices for Clean Energy Commercialization Accelerators (CECAs), this paper explores different business operational models which were adopted by different non-profit clean energy commercialization organizations. A two-stage approach was employed. In the first stage, over fifteen organizations (including twelve non-profit organizations and three university research parks) in Canada, the U.S., and Europe were selected for benchmark analysis. Four distinct business operational models emerge based upon an in-depth analysis: incubation focused, technology-enabled, market-enabled, and strategic partnership. Thereafter, a typology of organizations is proposed, based on four discriminating models: governance, finance, operation, and revenue. This typological analysis is then employed to unravel best business practices for CECAs, in view of governance structure, management practice, community impacts, overall business model and performance, strategic plan, and operation. © 2012 IEEE.. yes yes Applied research Benchmark analysis Business models Business practices Clean energy Clean energy technology Clean technologies Direct product Governance structures In-depth analysis Management practices Non profit organizations Non-profit Operational model Strategic partnership Strategic plan Technology commercializations Technology-based University research Commerce Industrial management Profitability Societies and institutions Technology 2012 1890843261 9781890843267 6304101 836 845 10 Energy, Mining and Environment Énergie, mines et environnement National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269997 f426f91b-4768-4bb9-b9ac-fc2424643bf8 Anthony McCallum aut Gerald Penn aut Cosmin Munteanu aut ICT TIC Xiaodan Zhu aut ICT TIC 2012 IEEE Workshop on Spoken Language Technology, SLT 2012, December 2-5, 2012, Miami, FL, USA text article eng There is little evidence of widespread adoption of speech summarization systems. This may be due in part to the fact that the natural language heuristics used to generate summaries are often optimized with respect to a class of evaluation measures that, while computationally and experimentally inexpensive, rely on subjectively selected gold standards against which automatically generated summaries are scored. This evaluation protocol does not take into account the usefulness of a summary in assisting the listener in achieving his or her goal. In this paper we study how current measures and methods for evaluating summarization systems compare to human-centric evaluation criteria. For this, we have designed and conducted an ecologically valid evaluation that determines the value of a summary when embedded in a task, rather than how closely a summary resembles a gold standard. The results of our evaluation demonstrate that in the domain of lecture summarization, the well-known baseline of maximal marginal relevance [1] is statistically significantly worse than human-generated extractive summaries, and even worse than having no summary at all in a simple quiz-taking task. Priming seems to have no statistically significant effect on the usefulness of the human summaries. This is interesting because priming had been proposed as a technique for increasing kappa scores and/or maintaining goal orientation among summary authors. In addition, our results suggest that ROUGE scores, regardless of whether they are derived from numerically-ranked reference data or ecologically valid human-extracted summaries, may not always be reliable as inexpensive proxies for task-embedded evaluations. In fact, under some conditions, relying exclusively on ROUGE may lead to scoring human-generated summaries very favourably even when a task-embedded score calls their usefulness into question relative to using no summaries at all. © 2012 IEEE. yes yes Automatically generated Ecological validity Evaluation criteria Evaluation measures Evaluation protocol Goal orientations Gold standards Human-centric NAtural language processing Natural languages Reference data Speech summarization Summarization systems Gold Human computer interaction Natural language processing systems Speech analysis Speech recognition Quality control 2012 978-1-4673-5125-6 978-1-4673-5124-9 6424269 467 472 6 10.1109/SLT.2012.6424269 Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269996 e02c6836-327e-4030-8d89-96d3ef98cd39 Jun Xu aut Victor Terskikh Terskikh, Victor V. aut MSS SME Yining Huang aut text article eng Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have excellent adsorption capability. To understand their adsorptive properties requires detailed information on the host-guest interaction. The information on MOF desolvation (or activation) is also crucial because the very first step of many applications requires removal of the solvent molecules occluded inside of the pores. Unfortunately, such information is not always available from powder XRD data. Solid-state NMR is an excellent complementary technique to XRD. CPO-27-Mg is a MOF with unusual adsorption ability. The adsorption involves a direct interaction between Mg and guest species. Herein, we present, for the first time, a natural abundance 25Mg solid-state NMR study of CPO-27-Mg at an ultrahigh magnetic field of 21.1 T. The results provide new physical insights into the effects of dehydration/rehydration and adsorption of guest species on the Mg local environment. yes yes Adsorption ability Adsorption capability Adsorptive properties Desolvation Direct interactions Guest molecules Guest species Host guest interactions Local environments Metal centers Metal organic framework Natural abundance Powder XRD Sensitive probe Solid state NMR Solvent molecules Ultra-high magnetic fields XRD Adsorption Crystalline materials Java programming language Solid state physics Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 2012-12-07 ACS Publishing 1948-7185 4 1 7 11 5 10.1021/jz301954t National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269842 e47632d0-f50a-40fe-9d64-8113b2b19323 Andrea Kunder aut Maurizio Salaris aut Santi Cassisi aut Roberto De Propris aut Alistair Walker aut Peter B Stetson Stetson, Peter B. aut NSI ISN Márcio Catelan aut Pía Amigo aut text article eng We use the pulsational properties of the RR Lyrae variables in the globular cluster NGC1851 to obtain detailed constraints of the various sub-stellar populations present along its horizontal branch. On the basis of detailed synthetic horizontal branch modeling, we find that minor helium variations (Y ∼ 0.248-0.280) are able to reproduce the observed periods and amplitudes of the RR Lyrae variables, as well as the frequency of fundamental and first-overtone RR Lyrae stars. Comparison of number ratios among the blue and red horizontal branch components and the two observed subgiant branches also suggest that the RR Lyrae variables originated from the progeny of the bright subgiant branch. The RR Lyrae variables with slightly enhanced helium (Y ∼ 0.270-0.280) have longer periods at a given amplitude, as is seen with Oosterhoff II (OoII) RR Lyrae variables, whereas the RRLyrae variables with Y ∼ 0.248-0.270 have shorter periods, exhibiting properties of Oosterhoff I (OoI) variables. This correlation does suggest that the pulsational properties of RR Lyrae stars can be very useful for tracing the various subpopulations and can provide suitable constraints on the multiple population phenomenon. It appears to be of great interest to explore whether this conclusion can be generalized to other globular clusters hosting multiple populations. yes yes 2012-12-12 0004-6256 145 1 25 10.1088/0004-6256/145/1/25 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269808 e9ef8246-0c10-45b1-a809-0a4b590c3ccb Michael R. Sprague aut K. C. Lee aut Benjamin (Ben) Sussman Sussman, Ben J. aut SDT TSR Josh Nunn aut Nathan K. Langford aut Xian-Min Jin aut Tessa Champion aut Patrick Michelberger aut Klaus F. Reim aut Duncan G. England aut Dieter Jaksch aut Ian A. Walmsley aut 2012 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2012, May 6-11, 2012, San Jose, CA, USA text article eng We demonstrate entanglement between the vibrational mode of two macroscopic, spatially-separated diamonds at room temperature with ultrashort pulses and a far-off-resonant Raman interaction. © 2012 OSA. yes yes Raman interactions Room temperature Vibrational modes Lasers 2012 9781467318396 6326899 10.1364/QELS.2012.QM3C.6 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269574 93590704-eb70-43da-8fb2-c4c1b533a77d H. Yogasundaram aut NINT INNT M.S. Bahniuk aut NINT INNT H.-D. Singh aut H.M. Aliabadi aut H. Uludaǧ aut L.D. Unsworth aut NINT INNT text article eng Developing vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic molecules, like siRNA, is an area of active research. Nanoparticles composed of bovine serum albumin, stabilized via the adsorption of poly-L-lysine (PLL), have been shown to be potentially inert drug-delivery vehicles. With the primary goal of reducing nonspecific protein adsorption, the effect of using comb-type structures of poly(ethylene glycol) (1 kDa, PEG) units conjugated to PLL (4.2 and 24 kDa) on BSA-NP properties, apparent siRNA release rate, cell viability, and cell uptake were evaluated. PEGylated PLL coatings resulted in NPs with ζ-potentials close to neutral. Incubation with platelet-poor plasma showed the composition of the adsorbed proteome was similar for all systems. siRNA was effectively encapsulated and released in a sustained manner from all NPs. With 4.2 kDa PLL, cellular uptake was not affected by the presence of PEG, but PEG coating inhibited uptake with 24 kDa PLL NPs. Moreover, 24 kDa PLL systems were cytotoxic and this cytotoxicity was diminished upon PEG incorporation. The overall results identified a BSA-NP coating structure that provided effective siRNA encapsulation while reducing ζ-potential, protein adsorption, and cytotoxicity, necessary attributes for in vivo application of drug-delivery vehicles. Copyright © 2012 Haran Yogasundaram et al. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 1687-8787 584060 10.1155/2012/584060 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Institute for Nanotechnology (NINT-INNT) Institut national de nanotechnologie (INNT-NINT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269557 4fdc1201-199b-455e-94b5-f1d1dc1f2451 W. Wong aut E. Irissou aut IMI IMI J.G. Legoux aut IMI IMI P. Vo aut S. Yue aut 7th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials, THERMEC'2011, 1 August 2011 through 5 August 2011, Quebec City, QC text article eng This study investigates the effect of powder processing on powder flowability, compact ability, and the heat treatment of the resulting coatings on the mechanical properties of cold gas dynamic sprayed Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Nitrogen gas was used throughout the coating deposition process. Propellant gas temperature and pressure were attuned to maximize particle impact velocity. Three powder processing conditions were used in this study: as received (AR), low-energy ball milled (BM), and argon atmosphere heat treated (HT). Results showed coating porosities of around 6 to 7%, regardless of the feedstock powder used or the heat treatment performed. It was observed at 600 and 800°C anneals that a coating hardness reduction occurred, possibly due to static recovery and recrystallization, with minor sintering possibly occurring at the 800°C anneals. In addition, micro tensile tests showed an increase in cohesion strength at higher heat treatment temperatures. © 2012 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Argon atmospheres Ball-milled Coating deposition Coating hardness Coating porosity Cohesion strength Cold spray Feedstock powders Heat treatment temperature Low energies Micro tensile tests Nitrogen gas Particle impact velocities Powder flowability Powder processing Propellant gas Static recovery Ti-6al-4v Ti-6Al-4V alloy Aluminum Argon Cerium alloys Heat treatment Mechanical properties Nitrogen Powder coatings Sintering Sprayed coatings Tensile strength Tensile testing Titanium alloys Vanadium Vanadium alloys Aluminum coatings 2012 0255-5476 9783037853030 706-709 258 263 6 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.706-709.258 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Industrial Materials Institute (IMI-IMI) Institut des matériaux industriels du CNRC (IMI-IMI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269558 45202140-473b-4a2b-9415-6d0eeda5d5fe S. Schnee aut J. Di Francesco aut HIA IHA M. Enoch aut R. Friesen aut D. Johnstone aut HIA IHA S. Sadavoy aut text article eng In this paper, we present the results of Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy continuum and spectral line observations of the dense core Per-Bolo 45. Although this core has previously been classified as starless, we find evidence for an outflow and conclude that Per-Bolo 45 is actually an embedded, low-luminosity protostar. We discuss the impact of newly discovered, low-luminosity, embedded objects in the Perseus molecular cloud on starless core and protostar lifetimes. We estimate that the starless core lifetime has been overestimated by 4%-18% and the Class 0/I protostellar lifetime has been underestimated by 5%-20%. Given the relatively large systematic uncertainties involved in these calculations, variations on the order of 10% do not significantly change either core lifetimes or the expected protostellar luminosity function. Finally, we suggest that high-resolution (sub)millimeter surveys of known cores lacking near-infrared and mid-infrared emission are necessary to make an accurate census of starless cores. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-637X 745 1 18 10.1088/0004-637X/745/1/18 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269559 71661bf4-bf06-4104-ad31-783d84c090a7 T.L. Bourke aut P.C. Myers aut P. Caselli aut J. Di Francesco aut HIA IHA A. Belloche aut R. Plume aut D.J. Wilner aut text article eng We present high spatial (<300AU) and spectral (0.07kms -1) resolution Submillimeter Array observations of the dense starless cluster core Oph A-N6 in the 1mm dust continuum and the 3-2 line of N 2H + and N 2D +. The dust continuum observations reveal a compact source not seen in single-dish observations, of size 1000AU and mass 0.005-0.01 M. The combined line and single-dish observations reveal a core of size 3000 × 1400AU elongated in a NW-SE direction, with almost no variation in either line width nor line center velocity across the map, and very small non-thermal motions. The deuterium fraction has a peak value of 0.15 and is >0.05 over much of the core. The N 2H + column density profile across the major axis of Oph A-N6 is well represented by an isothermal cylinder, with temperature 20K, peak density 7.1 × 10 6cm -3, and N 2H + abundance 2.7 × 10 -10. The mass of Oph A-N6 is estimated to be 0.29 M , compared to a value of 0.18 M from the isothermal cylinder analysis, and 0.63 M for the critical mass for fragmentation of an isothermal cylinder. Compared to isolated low-mass cores, Oph A-N6 shows similar narrow line widths and small velocity variation, with a deuterium fraction similar to "evolved" dense cores. It is significantly smaller than isolated cores, with larger peak column and volume density. The available evidence suggests that Oph A-N6 has formed through the fragmentation of the Oph A filament and is the precursor to a low-mass star. The dust continuum emission suggests that it may already have begun to form a star. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-637X 745 2 117 10.1088/0004-637X/745/2/117 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269560 27849ac0-6d35-4bf0-af83-45c04c9371dc M.Y. Amegadzie aut O.T. Ola aut O.A. Ojo aut Priti Wanjara Wanjara, P. aut AERO AERO M.C. Chaturvedi aut text chapter eng A systematic study of the microstructural response of conventionally cast IN 738 and single crystal CMSX 486 superalloys during linear friction welding was performed. The results revealed that, aside from a significant liquation of various phases that occurred during joining, continuous oxide films formed on the weld lines in both materials. The weld line oxides consisted of aluminum-rich and hafnium-base oxides in IN 738 and CMSX 486 superalloys, respectively, which can be deleterious to the mechanical properties of the weld joint. Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulation showed that the oxides were produced by the oxidation of some liquid exposed to atmospheric oxygen at the mating surfaces of the work pieces. A practicable method of eliminating liquid phase oxidation during linear friction welding of nickel-base superalloys is discussed. © 2012 The Minerals, Metals, & Materials Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 9780470943205 587 594 8 10.1002/9781118516430.ch65 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269562 d581a09e-18e3-4b44-866d-d8a09d783f2f B.J. Birt aut NRC CNRC G.R. Newsham aut IRC IRC J.A. Veitch aut IRC IRC C. Arsenault aut IRC IRC text article eng yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0360-6325 42 4 70 72 3 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Research in Construction (IRC-IRC) Institut de recherche en construction du CNRC (IRC-IRC) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269564 099c020e-8701-4be8-b434-4226bfd6ffa6 D. Sediako aut CNBC CCFN W. Kasprzak aut Light Metals 2012 - TMS 2012 Annual Meeting and Exhibition, 11 March 2012 through 15 March 2012, Orlando, FL text article eng A good understanding of the kinetics of evolution of solid phases during solidification of hypereutectic aluminum alloys is a key factor in controlling the as-cast microstructure and, in turn, enhancing the service properties of industrial alloys. A study was performed to evaluate the solidification kinetics for two hypereutectic Al-19%Si alloys with the addition of 3%Cu and 3%Cu+1%Mg. This study included thermodynamic calculations of the solidification process using the FactSage™ 6.2 software package, as well as experimental thermal analysis, and neutron diffraction. The study revealed kinetics of solid Al, solid Si, Al 2CU, and Mg 2Si evolution, as well as an individual effect of Cu and Mg alloying additions on the solidification path of the Al-Si system. yes yes Alloying additions As cast microstructure FactSage Hypereutectic Al-Si alloys Hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloys Industrial alloys Key factors Neutron diffraction analysis Phase precipitations Service properties Si alloys Solid phasis Solid-phase Solidification kinetics Solidification process Thermodynamic calculations Aluminum Aluminum alloys Binary alloys Exhibitions Kinetics Neutron diffraction Precipitation (chemical) Silicon Silicon alloys Thermoanalysis Solidification 2012-05-03 Minerals, Metals and Materials Society 0147-0809 9781118291399 355 364 10 10.1002/9781118359259.ch60 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Canadian Neutron Beam Centre (CNBC-CCFN) Centre canadien de faisceaux de neutrons du CNRC (CCFN-CNBC) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269565 aabf0615-8256-4d14-85f5-b38567b4c3d4 Q. Yang aut AERO AERO M. Bielawski aut AERO AERO R.C. McKellar aut AERO AERO text article eng Nano-structured TiN/VN coatings with a range of bi-layer periods from 3. 4 to 11. 0 nm were deposited on ferromagnetic 410 stainless steel (410SS) and non-ferromagnetic Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy substrates using an Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering (UMS) technique; the microstructure, mechanical properties, and erosion performance of the as-sputtered coating were evaluated. While the surface morphologies of the coatings on these two substrates were different, the XRD measurements complemented by a texture evaluation through pole figures indicated that the preferred orientations of the TiN/VN coatings on 410SS and Ti-6Al-4V were also dissimilar. A nano-mechanical indentation technique was used to determine hardness and Young's modulus, and it was found that these parameters varied with superlattice bi-layer period and were dependent on the type of substrate material. Furthermore, the erosion resistances of the TiN/VN coatings were markedly higher than the bare substrate counterparts, and were influenced by the substrate type. Specifically, the differences in the microstructures and properties of the coatings were attributed to the difference in ion flux during the UMS deposition due to the dissimilar magnetic properties of the substrate materials. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC and ASM International. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Aerospace Bi-layer Erosion resistance Ion fluxes Microstructures and properties Nano-structured Nanostructured coatings Non-ferromagnetic Pole figure Preferred orientations Substrate material Substrate types Surface engineering Ti-6al-4v Ti-6al-4v titanium alloys Unbalanced magnetron sputtering XRD measurements Young's Modulus Aluminum coatings Coatings Deposits Dissimilar materials Elastic moduli Erosion Ferromagnetic materials Ferromagnetism Indentation Magnetic properties Microstructure Titanium alloys Tribology Substrates 2012 2192-9262 1 3-Apr 150 157 8 10.1007/s13632-012-0025-9 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269567 cead1f35-7402-42bc-8020-e10830ea1083 Evguenii Vinogradov Vinogradov, E. aut HHT TSH Lise Deschatelets Deschatelets, L. aut HHT TSH Marc Lamoureux Lamoureux, M. aut HHT TSH Girish B Patel Patel, G.B. aut HHT TSH Tammy-Lynn Tremblay Tremblay, T.-L. aut HHT TSH Anna Robotham Robotham, A. aut HHT TSH Marie-France Goneau Goneau, M.-F. aut HHT TSH C. Cummings-Lorbetskie aut HHT TSH David C Watson Watson, D.C. aut HHT TSH Jean-Robert (J-R) Brisson Brisson, J.-R. aut HHT TSH John Kelly Kelly, J.F. aut HHT TSH Michel Gilbert Gilbert, M. aut HHT TSH text article eng Thermoplasma acidophilum is a thermoacidophilic archaeon that grows optimally at pH 2 and 59°C. This extremophile is remarkable by the absence of a cell wall or an S-layer. Treating the cells with Triton X-100 at pH 3 allowed the extraction of all of the cell surface glycoproteins while keeping cells intact. The extracted glycoproteins were partially purified by cation-exchange chromatography, and we identified five glycoproteins by N-terminal sequencing and mass spectrometry of in-gel tryptic digests. These glycoproteins are positive for periodic acid-Schiff staining, have a high content of Asn including a large number in the Asn-X-Ser/Thr sequon and have apparent masses that are 34-48 larger than the masses deduced from their amino acid sequences. The pooled glycoproteins were digested with proteinase K and the purified glycopeptides were analyzed by NMR. Structural determination showed that the carbohydrate part was represented by two structures in nearly equal amounts, differing by the presence of one terminal mannose residue. The larger glycan chain consists of eight residues: six hexoses, one heptose and one sugar with an unusual residue mass of 226 Da which was identified as 6-deoxy-6-C-sulfo-d-galactose (6-C-sulfo-d-fucose). Mass spectrometry analyses of the peptides obtained by trypsin and chymotrypsin digestion confirmed the principal structures to be those determined by NMR and identified 14 glycopeptides derived from the main glycoprotein, Ta0280, all containing the Asn-X-Ser/Thr sequons. Thermoplasma acidophilum appears to have a "general" protein N-glycosylation system that targets a number of cell surface proteins. © 2012 The Author. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Thermoplasma; glycoprotein; N-linked glycan; sulfofucose 2012 0959-6658 22 9 1256 1267 12 10.1093/glycob/cws094 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Human Health Therapeutics (HHT-TSH) Thérapeutiques en santé humaine (TSH-HHT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269569 3fe82e65-84d2-4766-9a49-f2b982e42423 Dan-Xia Xu aut IMS ISM André Delâge aut IMS ISM Jens Holger Schmid Schmid, Jens H. aut IMS ISM Rubin Ma aut IMS ISM Shurui Wang aut IMS ISM Jean Lapointe aut IMS ISM Martin Vachon aut IMS ISM Pavel Cheben aut IMS ISM Siegfried Janz aut IMS ISM Silicon Photonics VII, 22 January 2012 through 25 January 2012, San Francisco, CA text article eng Silicon photonic wire waveguides are usually highly birefringent, so they are generally designed to operate for one particular polarization. For commonly used waveguides with a silicon thickness of 220 nm, TE polarization is preferred since TM is only weakly guided. For waveguides with a silicon thickness larger than 250 nm, both TE and TM polarizations have been employed. Overall, the choice of polarization has largely appeared arbitrary. In this presentation we review the pertinent polarization-dependent waveguide properties, including losses, back-reflection, polarization conversion and fabrication tolerances, with the intent to suggest guidelines for choosing the proper polarization. Through experimental evidence, we show that TM polarization has several important advantages and can support high performance resonators with a radius down to 2 μm. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Polarization conversion Polarization diversity Polarization independence Ring resonator Silicon photonics Birefringence Directional couplers Optical waveguides Photonic devices Waveguides Polarization 2012 0277-786X 9780819489098 8266 82660G 10.1117/12.911368 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269566 3b939b0e-9e10-4357-9c76-b333d05bdc60 A. Anthony aut HIA IHA A. Hill aut HIA IHA J. Pazder aut HIA IHA K. Szeto aut HIA IHA M. Halman aut HIA IHA E. Tollestrup aut G. Barrick aut Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV, 1 July 2012 through 6 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng The instrument group of the Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics has been commissioned by the Gemini Observatory to participate in a competitive conceptual design study for a new Gemini High-Resolution Optical Spectrograph (GHOS). Concurrently this same group is working in partnership with both the Gemini and CFH Telescopes to design the Gemini Remote Access to CFHT ESPaDOnS Spectrograph, (GRACES). Both these instruments will use a fiber feed allowing light received by the Gemini telescope to be processed via remotely positioned instruments. This paper will explore the similarities and differences in requirements, inherent challenges, concepts, design solutions and areas of concept sharing. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Design solutions Focal ratio degradation Gemini telescopes High resolution Mechanical design Optical spectrograph Remote access Astrophysics Conceptual design Optical telescopes Optics Spectrographs Telescopes Fibers 2012 0277-786X 9780819491473 8446 84464A 10.1117/12.927210 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269572 06c5613f-1701-4c8a-8db8-06924e25be09 Z. Tian aut P. Bianucci aut M.H.T. Dastjerdi aut Z. Mi aut P.J. Poole aut IMS ISM D.V. Plant aut 2012 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2012, 6 May 2012 through 11 May 2012, San Jose, CA text article eng We demonstrate, for the first time, dynamical thermal effects in InGaAsP microtubes at telecom wavelengths. Such effect can be avoided or exploited for passive or active applications by choosing appropriate resonance wavelengths. © 2012 OSA. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Active application InGaAsP Micro-tubes Resonance wavelengths Telecom wavelengths Thermal nonlinearities Lasers 2012 9781467318396 6326069 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269553 12a2f932-16ad-45eb-975a-de3e674043ee S. Bernard aut E. Whiteway aut V. Yu aut D.G. Austing aut IMS ISM M. Hilke aut text article eng Using very uniform large-scale chemical vapor deposition grown graphene transferred onto silicon, we were able to identify 15 distinct Raman lines associated with graphene monolayers. This was possible thanks to a combination of different carbon isotopes and different Raman laser energies and extensive averaging without increasing the laser power. This allowed us to obtain a detailed experimental phonon dispersion relation for many points in the Brillouin zone. We further identified a D+D′ peak corresponding to a double-phonon process involving both an inter- and intravalley phonon. © 2012 American Physical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 1098-0121 86 8 85409 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.085409 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269561 e90b058a-77d4-4808-9c30-d4b7a67bf11b E.S. Kadantsev aut IMS ISM M. Zieliński aut P. Hawrylak aut IMS ISM text article eng Quantum dots in nanowires grow on a (111) substrate and it is expected that the modifications of the band structure due to a biaxial strain in the (111) crystallographic plane will determine the confinement of charge carriers in these systems. In this work, we develop an ab initio methodology for the determination of biaxial strain-modified band energies on an absolute energy scale due to a strain in an arbitrary crystallographic plane and apply it to calculate the evolution of band edges in group IIIA-VA zinc-blende semiconductors (InP, InAs, and GaAs) under the (111) biaxial strain. The absolute hydrostatic deformation potentials, a prerequisite for the accurate calculation of the strain-modified band energies within our scheme, are determined. The strain tensor for an InAs dot grown on a (111) GaAs substrate is calculated and the importance of the (111) biaxial strain is demonstrated. The strained band offsets in InAs under a compressive biaxial strain in the (001) and (111) crystallographic planes as well as the local band structure in a InAs/GaAs dot indicates a stronger confinement of holes in the (111) case. ©2012 American Physical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 1098-0121 86 8 85411 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.085411 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269568 69ed6d8c-a8b8-4452-af3c-1d31d6e9c594 V. Agrawal aut BRI IRB I. Slivac aut BRI IRB S. Perret aut BRI IRB L. Bisson aut BRI IRB G. St-Laurent aut BRI IRB Y. Murad aut IBS ISB J. Zhang aut IBS ISB Y. Durocher aut BRI IRB text article eng Camelid single domain antibodies fused to noncamelid Fc regions, also called chimeric heavy chain antibodies (cHCAb), offer great potential as therapeutic and diagnostic candidates due to their relatively small size (80 kDa) and intact Fc. In this chapter, we describe two approaches, limiting dilution and minipools, for generating nonamplified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines stably expressing cHCAb in suspension and serum-free cultures using a stringent antibiotic selection. Neither of the protocols necessitates the acquisition or implementation of expensive automated infrastructures and thus could be applied in any lab with minimal cell culture setup. The given protocol allows the isolation of stable clones capable of generating up to 100 mg/L of antibody in batch mode performed in shaker flasks. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes antibiotic g 418 blasticidin S chimeric antibody chimeric heavy chain antibody hygromycin B phleomycin plasmid vector polyethyleneimine puromycin unclassified drug hybrid protein immunoglobulin heavy chain monoclonal antibody animal cell antibody production article CHO cell cloning controlled study culture technique drug activity genetic transfection heavy chain nonhuman priority journal protein expression suspension cell culture toxicity animal gene expression gene order gene vector genetics hamster isolation and purification metabolism Animals Antibodies, Monoclonal CHO Cells Cricetinae Gene Expression Gene Order Genetic Vectors Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains Recombinant Fusion Proteins Transfection 2012 1064-3745 9781617799679 911 287 303 17 10.1007/978-1-61779-968-6-18 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI-IRB) Institut de recherche en biotechnologie du CNRC (IRB-BRI) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269570 3b08d77b-835e-464b-8195-def3eef78cf8 Alan Madej Madej, Alan A. aut MSS SME Pierre Dubé aut MSS SME Zichao Zhou aut MSS SME John Bernard Bernard, John E. aut MSS SME Marina Gertsvolf aut MSS SME text article 2013-11-12 eng We describe experiments and measurements on a trapped and laser-cooled single ion of Sr+88 which, when probed on its reference 5sS1/22→4dD5/22 transition at 445THz, provides an optical frequency standard of evaluated accuracy outperforming the current realization of the SI second. Studies are presented showing that micromotion-associated shifts of the standard can be reduced to the 10 -18 level and uncertainties in the blackbody-induced shifts for the current system are at the low 10 -17 level due to the relatively well-known polarizability of the strontium ion system and careful choice of the trap structure. The current evaluated systematic shifts for the ion transition are at a fractional uncertainty of 2×10 -17. An absolute frequency measurement performed over a two-month period relative to a maser referenced to the SI second via Global Positioning System time transfer has determined the center frequency for the transition at ν SD= 444779044095485.5±0.9Hz (1σ). yes yes Absolute frequency measurements Center frequency Ion transition Laser-cooled Optical frequency standard Polarizabilities Single ion Strontium ion Systematic uncertainties Time transfer Frequency standards Ions Strontium Uncertainty analysis 2012-11-12 0031-9007 109 20 203002 4 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.203002 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269546 274298e0-fe5e-48f5-8e2a-99255f633147 M. Meshreki aut AERO AERO A. Sadek aut M.H. Attia aut AERO AERO ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE 2012, 9 November 2012 through 15 November 2012, Houston, TX text article eng Little is known about the high speed routing of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP). Most of the work in the literature has focused on the drilling of CFRP. In this paper, an extensive experimental study has been conducted to better understand the dynamic, tribological, and thermal characteristics of high speed milling of CFRPs, in the range of 10,000 to 40,000 rpm (200 to 800 m/min, for 6.35 mm end-mill). The material used was a quasi-isotropic laminate comprising 35 plies of woven graphite epoxy. The tool wear was investigated on the flank and the rake faces. The machined slots were characterized in terms of straightness errors, dimensional errors, surface roughness, and delamination. The tool over-hang controls the tool dynamics, in this high speed range, and significantly affect various quality attributes of the produced holes; roughness, dimensional errors, and straightness. Similar trends were observed for the forces and the temperatures, whereby there is a given speed at which they reach a minimum and then they start to increase for higher speeds. The machining force and temperature trends with varying speeds and feeds are controlled by the chip load, the specific cutting pressures, and the effect of the frictional forces. The increased tool wear was found to directly affect the cutting forces and consequently lead to high delamination and surface roughness. The milled surface quality was mainly controlled by the feed rate. Limited surface delamination was observed due to the low axial forces associated with the routing process. Copyright © 2012 by ASME. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Carbon fiber reinforced Carbon fiber reinforced polymer Quality attributes Quasiisotropic laminates Specific cutting pressure Straightness errors Temperature trends Thermal characteristics Carbon fiber reinforced plastics Delamination Errors Laminates Mechanical engineering Milling (machining) Quality control Surface roughness Tools Wear of materials Weaving Speed 2012 9780791845196 3 PARTS A, B and C 2061 2066 6 10.1115/IMECE2012-88616 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269548 15cff071-56a1-4528-8931-1ddaa81ff8bc M. Blanco aut IFCI IIPC D.P. Wilkinson aut IFCI IIPC H. Wang aut IFCI IIPC text article eng The use of perforated metal sheets as engineered gas diffusion layers (GDL) in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells was investigated. The effect of different thicknesses, perforation diameter, and in-plane diffusion capabilities were analyzed along with freestanding microporous layers in order to improve gas and water transport. Although these structured GDLs are in an early stage of development, they provide baseline performance at lower current densities, and may already have potential for some specific applications. In addition, the design, manufacturing, and modeling processes with predictive capability can be improved due to their simplified nature. © 2011 The Electrochemical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Base-line performance Gas diffusion layers In-plane diffusion Metal sheets Microporous layers Modeling process Predictive capabilities Water transport Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) Protons Sheet metal Diffusion in gases 2012 1099-0062 15 3 B20 B23 10.1149/2.017203esl National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation (IFCI-IIPC) Institut d'innovation en piles à combustible du CNRC (IIPC-IFCI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269554 773e3be8-f9e1-4f4f-a582-42a624e044ea M.J. Smith aut A. Usher aut C.D.H. Williams aut A. Shytov aut Andrew (Andy) Sachrajda Sachrajda, A.S. aut IMS ISM Alicia Patricia Kam Kam, A. aut IMS ISM Zbigniew R (Zbig) Wasilewski Wasilewski, Z.R. aut IMS ISM text article eng Induced currents associated with the quantum Hall effect are studied in the temperature range 39mK to 1.6K, and at Landau-level filling factors ν=1,2,3,4, and 6, using torsion-balance magnetometry. A quantitative link is demonstrated between (nonlinear induced current) vs (inducing electromotive force) curves, and the subexponential decay of the induced current in a static magnetic field. The energy storage in the induced currents is reexamined with the conclusion that the predominant mechanism for storage is inductive, through the mutual inductance between the sample and the magnet, not capacitive as previous reports have assumed. The temperature dependencies of the currents are consistent with previous models, except for a low-temperature saturation at filling factors ν=1 and ν=2, which we attribute to electron heating. © 2012 American Physical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 1098-0121 86 19 195314 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.195314 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269556 4c0b5977-78cf-4b64-9ef0-9580f7669b4d P. Pourbeik aut CONST CONST J.J. Beaudoin aut CONST CONST R. Alizadeh aut L. Raki aut CONST CONST text article eng Dynamic mechanical analysis measurements were made on the following calcium-silicate- hydrate systems: 1.4 nm tobermorite (T), jennite (J), synthetic C-S-H (C/S = 0.80, 1.20 and 1.50) and cement paste. The age of the cement paste varied from 3 days to 45 years. Plots of storage modulus versus porosity were constructed for all these materials. The non-uniqueness of the curves is discussed with reference to Taylor's analysis of strength-porosity curves and the influence of particle type, density and crystallinity. Additional insights regarding the practical application of T-J and T-CH nanostructural models for the C-S-H nanostructure in hydrated cements is provided. © 2012 RILEM. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes article in press 2012 1359-5997 1 7 7 10.1617/s11527-012-9990-3 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Construction (CONST-CONST) Construction (CONST-CONST) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269547 de6a975e-e399-4bab-b503-bffe1202215c Miyauchi Hiroyuki Miyauchi, H. aut Lacasse Michael A Lacasse, M. A. aut CONST CONST Murata S. aut Enomoto N. aut Tanak K. aut 4th Durability of Building and Construction Sealants and Adhesives, 16 June 2011 through 17 June 2011, Anaheim, CA text article eng The strength of autoclaved lightweight concrete (ALC) is evidently lower than that of normal concrete. Therefore, when movement occurs at a sealed joint between ALC panels, the sealant is required to deform and remain intact without damaging the ALC substrate. However, there is currently not sufficient information to permit evaluation of the expected performance of sealants applied to ALC substrates. In this study, static and dynamic tests were carried out in order to obtain an index that could be used to select the modulus of a sealant that can be expected to provide long-term performance when applied to an ALC substrate. To develop this index, an initial study was carried out in order to clarify actual joint movement between ALC panels of buildings; the expansion and contraction at the joint were measured, and shear joint movement was calculated based on the expected story-to-story drift of an external wall due to earthquake loads. Thereafter, in a subsequent stage of the study, five types of two-component polyurethane sealant products, of different elastic modulus, were subjected to tensile and shear tests from which the relationship between stress and the type of joint fracture was determined. The results from these tests revealed that when the stress is greater than 0.6 to 0.7 N/mm2, the ALC substrate is more easily fractured than the sealant. In a final stage of the study, the cyclic fatigue resistance of the same two-component sealants was evaluated using tensile and shear fatigue tests. Results from the fatigue tests indicated that the high modulus sealants lost adhesion from the ALC substrate at an early stage in the test. As well, the fatigue resistance of test specimens with joints having three-sided adhesion was lower than that of specimens having normally configured joints with adhesion on two sides of the sealant. Therefore, on the basis of results derived from all the studies, it was determined that a suitable sealant for use on ALC substrates is a sealant having a low modulus that is applied in the normal fashion as a two-sided joint. Copyright © 2012 by ASTM International. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Earthquake load Expansion and contraction External walls Joint fracture Joint movement Joint performance Lightweight concrete panel Long term performance Low modulus Modulus Normal concretes Sealant products Shear joints Shear tests Static and dynamic Test specimens Two-component Wall panels Adhesion Adhesives Concrete slabs Construction Durability Fatigue of materials Fatigue testing Fracture Precast concrete Substrates Walls (structural partitions) Sealants 2012-07-01 0066-0558 9780803175310 1545 STP 385 403 19 10.1520/STP154520120018 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Construction Construction National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269555 9d662482-b330-449c-9b27-73e59bb087f5 C. Riley aut J. Mcclure aut S. Low-Ying aut IBD IBD B. Dolenko aut IBD IBD R. Somorjai aut IBD IBD R. Shaw aut IBD IBD text article eng Objective: To assess the feasibility of a serum-based test using infrared spectroscopy to identify a subpopulation of mares at risk of producing foals susceptible to failure of passive transfer of immunity (FPT) because of mare-associated factors. Materials and methods: Serum was collected from post-parturient mares (n = 126) and their foals at 24-72h of age. A radial immunodiffusion IgG test was used to determine each foal's serum IgG concentration. Infrared absorbance spectra of dam sera were collected in the wave number range of 400-4000cm-1. Following data preprocessing, pattern recognition techniques were used to identify spectroscopic information capable of distinguishing between mares with FPT foals and those with normal foals. The sensitivity and specificity of infrared spectroscopy to detect risk-positive mares were calculated. Results: Five wave number regions were identified as optimal for distinguishing between the two groups of mares: 740.9-785.2cm-1, 796.8-816.0cm-1, 970.4-993.5cm-1, 1371.6-1406.3cm-1 and 1632.0-1659.0cm-1. Based upon the infrared spectroscopic information within these discriminatory subregions, the spectra provided the risk status of the mares with a classification success rate of 81.0%. The sensitivity of the classification system was 85.7% and specificity was 80.0%. Conclusion: This preliminary study demonstrates that infrared spectra of dam serum have the potential to provide the basis for a new periparturient screening method for a subpopulation of mares at risk of having a foal susceptible to FPT. Further development may provide an economic and rapid technique for the pre-parturient assessment of mares. © 2012 The Authors. Australian Veterinary Journal © 2012 Australian Veterinary Association. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes immunoglobulin G animal animal disease article blood feasibility study female horse horse disease immunology infrared spectroscopy methodology newborn passive immunization physiology puerperium sensitivity and specificity Animals Animals, Newborn Feasibility Studies Female Horse Diseases Horses Immunity, Maternally-Acquired Immunization, Passive Immunoglobulin G Postpartum Period Sensitivity and Specificity Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared 2012 0005-0423 90 10 387 391 5 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2012.00979.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biodiagnostics (IBD-IBD) Institut du biodiagnostic du CNRC (IBD-IBD) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269537 646d0933-3430-4ede-be26-49b00d2b0efa D. Tulpan aut ICT TIC M. Mancuso aut G. Durand aut ICT TIC C. Regoui aut ICT TIC L. Belliveau aut ICT TIC text article eng Over the past decade, the development of web-based Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for health has grown quite rapidly due to an increased need of data integration and spatial visualization. One GIS growth area in health is the construction of map-based applications that provide information on health care resources. Such applications are typically used as standard tools by public health departments, public health policy and research organizations, hospitals and health insurance organizations to provide public access to health care resources. This paper presents the design and development process of Clinic Finder (CliFin) - an open-access web-based GIS application relying on the Google Maps technology and providing access to a database with point of care facilities across the Province of New Brunswick, Canada. The uniqueness of CliFin consists in the implementation of a time-frame dependent search and results trimming approach, which allows users to identify clinics and hospitals open at any given time. The users are also encouraged to contribute with schedule updates and new point of care information to further develop CliFin's database and its accuracy. The combination of GIS visualization capabilities, database management, user involvement in database update and the time-frame dependence of search results, confers CliFin increased practicality, especially in situations of crisis such as natural disasters. Copyright © 2012, IGI Global. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Canada Clinic Finder (CliFin) New Brunswick Point of care Web servers Database systems Health Health care Health insurance Hospitals Public health Visualization Websites Geographic information systems 2012 1555-3396 7 4 32 47 16 10.4018/jhisi.2012100103 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Information and Communication Technologies (ICT-TIC) Technologies de l'information et des communications (TIC-ICT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269538 0fb9a370-c409-4286-8147-8b506fb90cbc Z. Mi aut P. Bianucci aut M.H. Tavakoli-Dastjerdi aut S. Mukherjee aut M. Djavid aut P.J. Poole aut IMS ISM 2nd International Symposium on Nanoscale Luminescent Materials - 221st ECS Meeting, 6 May 2012 through 10 May 2012, Seattle, WA text article eng We report on the fabrication and characterization of InGaAsP/InAs quantum dot rolled-up tubes as well as the achievement of a semiconductor tube laser at ∼ 1.55 μn. The optically pumped tube laser operates in continuous wave at liquid nitrogen temperature and shows an ultra-low threshold of ∼1.26 μW. ©The Electrochemical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Continuous Wave InGaAsP Liquid nitrogen temperature Optically pumped Ultra-low threshold Nanotechnology Pumping (laser) Semiconductor lasers Semiconductor quantum dots Tubes (components) Optically pumped lasers 2012 1938-5862 9781566779579 45 5 113 118 6 10.1149/1.3700417 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269540 7737dbb0-44aa-4821-8756-31f69e881ffb A. Hugi aut S. Blaser aut H.C. Liu aut IMS ISM J. Faist aut 2012 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2012, 6 May 2012 through 11 May 2012, San Jose, CA text article eng We show a free-running broadband QCL emitting a frequency-comb of 490 nm at 7μm whose spectral phase signature resembles to the one of a frequency-modulate laser. Beatnote-linewidths as narrow as f < 10Hz are measured. © 2012 OSA. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Phase signature Quantum cascade lasers Lasers 2012 9781467318396 6325913 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269541 c1d2ebe8-3d7b-4c18-aa0d-59628cbb2752 C.D. Wilson aut B.E. Warren aut F.P. Israel aut S. Serjeant aut D. Attewell aut G.J. Bendo aut H.M. Butner aut P. Chanial aut D.L. Clements aut J. Golding aut V. Heesen aut J. Irwin aut J. Leech aut H.E. Matthews aut HIA IHA S. Mühle aut A.M.J. Mortier aut G. Petitpas aut J.R. Sánchez-Gallego aut E. Sinukoff aut K. Shorten aut B.K. Tan aut R.P.J. Tilanus aut A. Usero aut M. Vaccari aut T. Wiegert aut M. Zhu aut D.M. Alexander aut P. Alexander aut M. Azimlu aut P. Barmby aut R. Brar aut C. Bridge aut E. Brinks aut S. Brooks aut K. Coppin aut S. Côté aut HIA IHA P. Côté aut HIA IHA S. Courteau aut J. Davies aut S. Eales aut M. Fich aut M. Hudson aut D.H. Hughes aut R.J. Ivison aut J.H. Knapen aut M. Page aut T.J. Parkin aut D. Rigopoulou aut E. Rosolowsky aut E.R. Seaquist aut K. Spekkens aut N. Tanvir aut J.M. van der Hulst aut P. van der Werf aut C. Vlahakis aut T.M. Webb aut B. Weferling aut G.J. White aut text article eng The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope Nearby Galaxies Legacy Survey (NGLS) comprises an Hi-selected sample of 155 galaxies spanning all morphological types with distances less than 25Mpc. We describe the scientific goals of the survey, the sample selection and the observing strategy. We also present an atlas and analysis of the CO J=3 - 2 maps for the 47 galaxies in the NGLS which are also part of the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey. We find a wide range of molecular gas mass fractions in the galaxies in this sample and explore the correlation of the far-infrared luminosity, which traces star formation, with the CO luminosity, which traces the molecular gas mass. By comparing the NGLS data with merging galaxies at low and high redshift, which have also been observed in the CO J=3 - 2 line, we show that the correlation of far-infrared and CO luminosity shows a significant trend with luminosity. This trend is consistent with a molecular gas depletion time which is more than an order of magnitude faster in the merger galaxies than in nearby normal galaxies. We also find a strong correlation of the L FIR/L CO(3-2) ratio with the atomic-to-molecular gas mass ratio. This correlation suggests that some of the far-infrared emission originates from dust associated with atomic gas and that its contribution is particularly important in galaxies where most of the gas is in the atomic phase. © 2012 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2012 RAS. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0035-8711 424 4 3050 3080 31 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21453.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269542 712aaed6-e584-4971-9ce1-efe71833d8c7 Y. Zhao aut BRI IRB Z. Liu aut F. Liu aut S.R. Guiot aut BRI IRB text article chi The biohydrogen production from anaerobic fermentation was studied with thermophilic bacterium Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans using carbon monoxide (CO) dissolved in fermentation broth as the substrate. Bacterium growth model, decay efficient and the maximum specific growth rate were observed based on the experimental study of biomass growing, flocculation and microbial characteristics. The results indicated the feasibility of continuous anaerobic fermentation for hydrogen production from CO with C. hydrogenoformans due to its good hydrogen yield and flocculation ability. Furthermore, by investigating the effect of procedure parameters during CO fermentation, the optimal feed/microorganism was proposed and the maximum CO concentration was observed to avoid CO inhibition which was the key factor to consider in the study of continuous biohydrogen production from CO fermentation. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Bacteria (microorganisms) Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans 2012 1006-687X 18 4 656 660 5 10.3724/SP.J.1145.2012.00656 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI-IRB) Institut de recherche en biotechnologie du CNRC (IRB-BRI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269543 c8c4b2eb-d501-4acf-805d-79d0105fab24 Y.N. Zhang aut IAR IRA Xinjin Cao Cao, X. aut IAR IRA Simon Larose Larose, S. aut IAR IRA Priti Wanjara Wanjara, P. aut IAR IRA text article eng Friction stir welding (FSW) is a novel green manufacturing technique due to its energy efficiency and environmental friendliness. This solid state joining process involves a rotating tool consisting of a shoulder and/or a probe. The shoulder applies a downward pressure to the workpiece surface, constrains the plasticised material around the probe, generates heat through the friction and causes plastic deformation in a relatively thin layer under the bottom surface of the shoulder. The rotating probe mainly drags along, plasticises, and mixes the adjacent material in the stir zone, creating a joint without fusion. Friction stir processing (FSP), a variant of FSW, has been developed to manufacture composites, locally eliminate casting defects, refine microstructure and/or improve the associated mechanical and physical properties including strength, ductility, fatigue, creep, formability and corrosion resistance. However, major challenges such as tool design and wear currently limit the use of FSW/P for manufacturing applications, particularly for high melting temperature or high strength alloys. In this review, the FSW/P tools are briefly summarised in terms of the tool types, shapes, dimensions, materials and wear behaviours. © 2012 Crown in Right of Canada. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Bottom surfaces Casting defect Downward pressure Environmental friendliness Friction stir processing Green manufacturing technique Manufacturing applications Mechanical and physical properties Solid-state joining Stir zones Thin layers Tool designs Work pieces Corrosion resistance Energy efficiency Friction stir welding Gas welding Joining Mechanical properties Probes Shoulders (road) Tools Processing 2012 0008-4433 51 3 250 261 12 10.1179/1879139512Y.0000000015 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Aerospace Research Institut de recherche aérospatiale du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269544 9ff325c8-2a7a-4765-8a04-8f53053d1139 J.M. Lambert aut AERO AERO M. de Montigny aut AERO AERO C. Perron aut AERO AERO text article eng This paper examines issues related to planning, programming and execution of machining operations by a robot in the context of machining large parts with complex geometries by a gantry-mounted robotic system. Parts were created from surface data in a CAD/CAM environment. The same environment was used to generate tool paths using a conventional machine tool approach. These paths were converted to robot trajectories and validated using mathematical kinematic models of the robotic system. Validation was performed according to various criteria related to process performance. Associated robot programs were then automatically generated. The manufacturing cell was progressively integrated according to requirements resulting from iterative process characterization. A metrology-based calibration procedure was designed that considerably improved the system's positioning precision. A custom user interface for online process monitoring was created as well as online cell program management capabilities to accommodate the large quantity of trajectory information. The system went from conceptual, to prototype-level to full production mode, thereby covering several Manufacturing Readiness Levels (MRL). The various strategies used in planning the process and programming the system demonstrate the viability of CAM-based approach for robot machining path generation without resorting to the use of OLP packages for validation of program generation. This could create a shift in the dependency on robotic specialists, allowing machine tool experts to carry about the programming of robot machining cells using the conventional machine tool approach. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Automatically generated Cad/cams Calibration procedure Complex geometries Conventional machines Gantry system Iterative process Kinematic model Machining operations On-line process monitoring Path generation Positioning precision Process performance Production modes Program generation Program management Robot machining Robot programs Robot trajectory Robotic systems Surface data Toolpaths Trajectory information Cams Machining centers Process monitoring Robotics Robots User interfaces Robot programming 2012 1946-3979 5 1 30 40 11 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269545 da75e831-0c7a-4b3d-a95b-21c1c2a2ff86 U. Neu aut H. Hengel aut B.S. Blaum aut R.M. Schowalter aut D. Macejak aut M. Gilbert aut IBS ISB W.W. Wakarchuk aut IBS ISB A. Imamura aut H. Ando aut M. Kiso aut N. Arnberg aut R.L. Garcea aut T. Peters aut C.B. Buck aut T. Stehle aut text article eng The recently discovered human Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV or MCV) causes the aggressive Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) in the skin of immunocompromised individuals. Conflicting reports suggest that cellular glycans containing sialic acid (Neu5Ac) may play a role in MCPyV infectious entry. To address this question, we solved X-ray structures of the MCPyV major capsid protein VP1 both alone and in complex with several sialylated oligosaccharides. A shallow binding site on the apical surface of the VP1 capsomer recognizes the disaccharide Neu5Ac-α2,3-Gal through a complex network of interactions. MCPyV engages Neu5Ac in an orientation and with contacts that differ markedly from those observed in other polyomavirus complexes with sialylated receptors. Mutations in the Neu5Ac binding site abolish MCPyV infection, highlighting the relevance of the Neu5Ac interaction for MCPyV entry. Our study thus provides a powerful platform for the development of MCPyV-specific vaccines and antivirals. Interestingly, engagement of sialic acid does not interfere with initial attachment of MCPyV to cells, consistent with a previous proposal that attachment is mediated by a class of non-sialylated carbohydrates called glycosaminoglycans. Our results therefore suggest a model in which sialylated glycans serve as secondary, post-attachment co-receptors during MCPyV infectious entry. Since cell-surface glycans typically serve as primary attachment receptors for many viruses, we identify here a new role for glycans in mediating, and perhaps even modulating, post-attachment entry processes. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes glycosaminoglycan protein VP1 sialic acid capsid protein glycosaminoglycan n acetylneuraminic acid oligosaccharide virus DNA virus receptor VP1 protein, polyomavirus article binding site cell adhesion complex formation crystallization epitope mapping ligand binding merkel cell polyomavirus mutagenesis nonhuman nucleotide sequence protein expression protein purification protein structure virus attachment virus entry virus morphology virus mutation cell line chemical structure chemistry genetics human metabolism mutation physiology polyomavirus infection protein conformation virology X ray crystallography Miridae Polyomavirus Binding Sites Capsid Proteins Cell Line Crystallography, X-Ray DNA, Viral Epitope Mapping Glycosaminoglycans Humans Merkel cell polyomavirus Models, Molecular Mutation N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Oligosaccharides Polyomavirus Infections Protein Conformation Receptors, Virus Virus Attachment Virus Internalization 2012 1553-7366 8 7 e1002738 8 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002738 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269549 4eca4a79-d037-4cef-bb0c-3021af035519 A. Rodiles aut E. Santigosa aut M. Herrera aut I. Hachero-Cruzado aut M.L. Cordero aut S. Martínez-Llorens aut S.P. Lall aut IMB IBM F.J. Alarcón aut text article eng The effect of dietary protein level and protein source on growth and proteolytic activity of juvenile Solea senegalensis was studied. In Experiment 1, fish were fed on four experimental diets containing increased protein levels (36, 46, 56 and 67%). In Experiment 2, Senegalese soles were fed on five diets with partial substitution of fish meal by soybean meal, soybean protein concentrate, soybean protein isolate, wheat gluten meal or pea protein concentrate. Results prove that growth and proteolytic activity in the distal intestine of fish were affected by the quantitative increase in dietary protein. The origin of protein source used in the elaboration of experimental diets affected both the amount and composition of the alkaline proteases secreted into the intestinal lumen; however, it did not decrease animal growth. Juvenile Senegalese sole showed capability to modulate digestive protease secretion when the concentration and/or source of dietary protein were modified. Quantity and quality of dietary protein affected protein hydrolysis in Senegalese sole intestine. This study establishes that 30% fish meal protein can be replaced by soybean derivatives without affecting intestinal proteases. Replacement with wheat gluten meal or pea protein concentrate should be taken cautiously, but further research is needed to establish whether growth performance and digestive enzyme physiology of Senegalese sole are affected by plant protein-supplemented diets in a long-term trial. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes diet enzyme activity flatfish food supplementation growth response hydrolysis inhibitor juvenile physiology protein soybean Animalia Glycine max Pisum sativum Solea senegalensis Soleidae Triticum aestivum 2012 0967-6120 20 6 1053 1070 18 10.1007/s10499-012-9508-6 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Marine Biosciences (IMB-IBM) Institut des biosciences marines du CNRC (IBM-IMB) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269550 440eb3ce-3fdb-4363-9b73-1e297a181b0a A. Alshamsan aut NINT INNT text article eng One scenario by which tumors escape immune recognition is the constitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). This transcription factor mediates the production of tumor-derived factors that negatively influence target immune cells, such as dendritic cells, and polarize them toward immune-tolerance also through the induction of STAT3 activation. In the current study, the effect of p-STAT3-positive murine colon carcinoma cell line (CT26) on bone marrow-derived DCs was examined. The results showed a remarkable increase in p-STAT3 in dendritic cells (DCs) only after CT26-CM incubation. The induction of p-STAT3 in CT26-CM exposed DCs was attributed at least in part to the high levels of interleukin-6 secreted by CT26 in culture. This was also accompanied by a significant reduction in the response to the immunostimulatory adjuvant lipopolysaccharide by lowering the expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD86 and CD40. Taken together, the results suggest an inhibitory effect of CT26 colon carcinoma on DC maturation through induction of STAT3 phosphorylation. Therefore, tumor-induced p-STAT3 in DCs can be seen as a promising target for colon cancer immunotherapy. © 2012 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes CD40 antigen CD86 antigen interleukin 6 lipopolysaccharide STAT3 protein animal cell animal tissue article bone marrow cancer cell culture cancer immunotherapy cell lineage cell maturation colon carcinoma dendritic cell down regulation flow cytometry mouse nonhuman priority journal protein phosphorylation Animals Antigens, CD40 Antigens, CD86 Cell Line, Tumor Colonic Neoplasms Dendritic Cells Immune Tolerance Immunotherapy Interleukin-6 Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Neoplasm Proteins NIH 3T3 Cells Phosphorylation STAT3 Transcription Factor Murinae 2012 0892-3973 34 3 465 469 5 10.3109/08923973.2011.625034 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Institute for Nanotechnology (NINT-INNT) Institut national de nanotechnologie (INNT-NINT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269551 e2ec11df-1df0-4a6f-9c85-09ae2eecd95f M. Harper aut F. St. Michael aut IBS ISB E. Vinogradov aut IBS ISB M. John aut J.D. Boyce aut B. Adler aut A.D. Cox aut IBS ISB text article eng Pasteurella multocida strains are classified into 16 different lipopolysaccharide (LPS) serovars using the Heddleston serotyping scheme. Ongoing studies in our laboratories on the LPS aim to determine the core oligosaccharide (OS) structures expressed by each of the Heddleston type strains and identify the genes and transferases required for the biosynthesis of the serovar-specific OSs. In this study, we have determined the core OS of the LPS expressed by the Heddleston serovar 9 type strain, P2095. Structural information was established by a combination of monosaccharide and methylation analyses, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry revealing the following structure: The serovar 9 OS contains an inner core that is conserved among P. multocida strains with an elaborate outer core extension containing rhamnose (Rha), a D-glycero-D-manno isomer of heptose, and the unusual deoxyamino sugar, 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-d-glucose (Qui3NAc). Genetic analyses of the LPS outer core biosynthesis locus revealed that in addition to the glycosyltransferases predicted to transfer the sugars to the nascent LPS molecule, the locus also contained the complete set of genes required for the biosynthesis of the nucleotide sugar donors dTDP-Rha and dTDP-Qui3NAc. One of the genes identified as part of the dTDP-Qui3NAc biosynthesis pathway, qdtD, encodes a proposed bi-functional enzyme with N-terminal amino acid identity to dTDP-4-oxo-6-deoxy-d-glucose-3,4-oxoisomerase and C-terminal amino acid identity to dTDP-3-oxo-6-deoxy-D-glucose transacetylase. © The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 3 acetamido 3,6 dideoxy alpha dextro glucose bacterium lipopolysaccharide glucose derivative glycosyltransferase heptose monosaccharide rhamnose thymidine diphosphate unclassified drug amino terminal sequence article bacterial gene bacterial genetics bacterial strain carbohydrate analysis carboxy terminal sequence controlled study genetic analysis gluconeogenesis mass spectrometry methylation nonhuman nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy nucleotide sequence Pasteurella multocida Pasteurella multocida serovar 9 priority journal qdtD gene Amino Acid Sequence Bacterial Proteins Carbohydrate Conformation Carbohydrate Sequence Deoxy Sugars Genes, Bacterial Genetic Loci Glycosyltransferases Lipopolysaccharides Mass Spectrometry Molecular Sequence Data Pasteurella multocida Sequence Homology, Amino Acid Thymine Nucleotides Pasteurella multocida 2012 0959-6658 22 3 332 344 13 10.1093/glycob/cwr147 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269552 9b517c3f-3303-4af6-97b0-838ea04438fa S. Chang aut IMS ISM Y. Mao aut IMS ISM C. Flueraru aut IMS ISM text article eng Dual-source swept-source optical coherence tomography (DS-SSOCT) has two individual sources with different central wavelengths, linewidth, and bandwidths. Because of the difference between the two sources, the individually reconstructed tomograms from each source have different aspect ratio, which makes the comparison and integration difficult. We report a method to merge two sets of DS-SSOCT raw data in a common spectrum, on which both data have the same spectrum density and a correct separation. The reconstructed tomographic image can seamlessly integrate the two bands of OCT data together. The final image has higher axial resolution and richer spectroscopic information than any of the individually reconstructed tomography image. Copyright © 2012 Shoude Chang et al. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 1687-9384 2012 565823 10.1155/2012/565823 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269529 f1453d71-e08d-489d-a949-af0c3cda4870 H. Azarnoush aut S. Vergnole aut B. Boulet aut M. Sowa aut NRC CNRC G. Lamouche aut IMI IMI text article eng We report on real-time control of balloon inflation inside porcine arteries. In the first step, experiments were done in a coronary artery of an excised heart. In the second step, experiments were done in a beating heart setup providing conditions very close to in vivo conditions without the complications. A programmable syringe pump was used to inflate a compliant balloon in arteries, while intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) monitoring was performed. In a feedback loop, IVOCT images were processed to provide the balloon diameter values in real time to control the pump action in order to achieve a target diameter. In different experiments, various flow rates and target diameters were used. In the excised heart experiment, there was good convergence to target diameters resulting in a satisfactory balloon inflation control. In the beating heart experiment, there were oscillations in the diameter values due to cyclic arterial contractions. In these experiments, the control system maintained diameter averages satisfactorily close to predetermined target values. Real-time control of balloon inflation could not only provide a safer outcome for angioplasty procedures, but could also provide additional information for diagnostics since it implicitly provides information about the artery response to the inflation process. © 1964-2012 IEEE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Angioplasty Balloon inflation Beating heart Coronary arteries Experimental validations Feed-back loop In-vivo Inflation process Intravascular Programmable syringe pump Real time Target values Balloons Control Experiments Optical tomography Real time control Heart animal experiment artery constriction article balloon catheter control system controlled study feedback system flow rate heart beat heart surgery nonhuman optical coherence tomography percutaneous transluminal angioplasty syringe Algorithms Angioplasty, Balloon Animals Feedback Heart Models, Cardiovascular Pressure Swine Tomography, Optical Coherence 2012 0018-9294 59 5 6166864 1488 1495 8 10.1109/TBME.2012.2189884 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Industrial Materials Institute (IMI-IMI) Institut des matériaux industriels du CNRC (IMI-IMI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269531 b4719974-50af-4298-80ae-eb170904fd63 R.W. Devillers aut ICPET ITPCE K.A. Thomson aut ICPET ITPCE M.R. Johnson aut 105th Air and Waste Management Association Annual Conference and Exhibition 2012, ACE 2012, 19 June 2012 through 22 June 2012, San Antonio, TX text article eng Sky-LOSA, an extension of Line-of-Sight Attenuation (LOSA) that is commonly used in laboratory-scale experiments for soot concentration measurements, was applied to a small flare in Poza Rica, Mexico. An average soot emission rate of 057 g/sec was obtained from 1.5 min of data. The uncertainty associated to velocity measurement was studied. Using a single ensemble averaged velocity in place of instantaneous velocity measurements synchronized with transmissivity measurements led to a 13% underestimation of the average soot emission rate. Uncertainty associated with integration along the optical axis was 7%. Sky-LOSA remains promising for investigation of particulate matter emissions in flares. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 105th AWMA Annual Conference and Exhibition (San Antonio, TX 6/19-22/2012). yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 1052-6102 9781622764778 3 2141 2146 6 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Chemical Process and Environmental Technology (ICPET-ITPCE) Institut de technologie des procédés chimiques et de l'environnement du CNRC (ITPCE-ICPET) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269532 69eb9e12-4dac-49d4-bb66-a0f291d89974 L. Nádvorník aut M. Orlita aut N.A. Goncharuk aut L. Smrčka aut V. Novák aut V. Jurka aut K. Hruška aut Z. Výborný aut Z.R. Wasilewski aut IMS ISM M. Potemski aut K. Výborný aut text article eng Cyclotron resonance has been measured in far-infrared transmission of GaAs/Al xGa 1-xAs heterostructures with an etched trigonal lateral superlattice intended to mimic graphene with lattice constant of the order of 100 nm (about 1000 times larger than that of natural graphene). Nonlinear dependence of the resonance position on magnetic field was observed, as well as its splitting into several modes. Our explanation, based on a perturbative calculation, describes the observed phenomena as a weak effect of the lateral potential on the twodimensional electron gas. Using this approach, we found a correlation between parameters of the lateral patterning and the created effective potential and obtained thus insights into how the electronic miniband structure has been tuned. The miniband dispersion was calculated using a simplified model and allowed us to formulate four basic criteria that have to be satisfied to reach graphene-like physics in such systems. © IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Effective potentials Far-infrared GaAs Lateral patterning Lateral superlattice Miniband structures Minibands Nonlinear dependence Perturbative calculations Resonance position Electron gas Magnetic fields Graphene 2012 1367-2630 14 53002 10.1088/1367-2630/14/5/053002 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269534 98df1053-ffa2-4e9f-a621-48bbca4a80b9 R. Dey aut AUTO AUTO E.V. Bordatchev aut AUTO AUTO M. Tauhiduzzaman aut AUTO AUTO H. Reshef aut AUTO AUTO Physics, Simulation, and Photonic Engineering of Photovoltaic Devices, 23 January 2012 through 26 January 2012, San Francisco, CA text article eng The solar energy industry strives to produce more and more efficient and yet cost effective photovoltaic (PV) panels. Integration of specific micro/nano optical structures on the top surface of the PV panels is one of the efficient ways to increase their PV performance through enhancing light trapping and in-coupling. In this study, periodic triangular gratings (PTGs) in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were numerically simulated and optimized. The goal of this study is to enhance the ability of solar panels to convert maximum obtainable amount of solar energy by improving the optical in-coupling of light to PV material. Initial optical simulation results shown that a flat PV panel (without any enhancing micro-optical structures) exhibits an average incident light power of 0.327 W over a range of the incident light angles between 15° and 90°. Introduction of the PTG allows capturing the incoming sunlight and reflecting it back onto the PV material for a second or more chances for absorption and conversion into electricity. The light trapping and redirection is achieved through the total internal reflection (TIR) phenomenon. Geometry of the PTG was initially optimized with respect to an incident sunlight orientation of 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°. Optical performance of the particular optimized PTGs was analyzed over daylight conditions and several optical parameters, such as average incident power and intensity, were calculated when sunlight orientation angle was changing from 15° to 90°. By adding the PTG optimized for 15° incidents light, an average incident power of 0.342 W was achieved (4.6% improvement of optical performance). Functional PTG prototypes were fabricated with optical surface quality (below 10 nm R a). The simulation results allow understanding how the overall daytime photovoltaic performance of solar panels can be improved. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Cost effective Energy industry Incident light Incident light power Incident power Light-trapping Micro-optical structure Optical parameter Optical performance Optical simulation Optical structures Optical surfaces Orientation angles Photovoltaic Photovoltaic panels Photovoltaic performance PV panel PV performance Solar panels Top surface Total internal reflections Triangular gratings Computer simulation Microfabrication Optimization Photonic devices Photovoltaic cells Refractive index Solar concentrators Photovoltaic effects 2012 0277-786X 9780819488992 8256 82561Z 10.1117/12.916786 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Automotive (AUTO-AUTO) Automobile (AUTO-AUTO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269536 f9846fbd-62c3-45a9-b346-6e893cc4388b G. Beccari aut N. Lützgendorf aut C. Olczak aut F.R. Ferraro aut B. Lanzoni aut G. Carraro aut P.B. Stetson aut HIA IHA A. Sollima aut H.M.J. Boffin aut text article eng Using Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 data, we have performed a comparative study of the Blue Straggler Star (BSS) populations in the central regions of the globular clusters (GCs) AM 1, Eridanus, Palomar 3, and Palomar 4. Located at distances R GC > 50kpc from the Galactic center, these are (together with Palomar 14 and NGC2419) the most distant clusters in the halo. We determine their color-magnitude diagrams and centers of gravity. The four clusters turn out to have similar ages (10.5-11Gyr), significantly smaller than those of the inner-halo globulars, and similar metallicities. By exploiting wide-field ground-based data, we build the most extended radial density profiles from resolved star counts ever published for these systems. These are well reproduced by isotropic King models of relatively low concentration. BSSs appear to be significantly more centrally segregated than red giants in all GCs, in agreement with the estimated core and half-mass relaxation times which are smaller than the cluster ages. Assuming that this is a signature of mass segregation, we conclude that AM 1 and Eridanus are slightly dynamically more evolved than Pal 3 and Pal 4. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-637X 754 2 108 10.1088/0004-637X/754/2/108 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269520 7ab5aeb4-c922-4c0c-8868-662358f2c606 M. Abou-Dakka aut MSS SME text article eng The evolution of the space charge and conductivity with DC poling of two types of polypropylene-(PP-) based nanocomposites (PNCs) was investigated. The PNCs were manufactured with different concentrations of synthetic and natural organoclays. The optimal concentrations of nanofiller that can efficiently mitigate the space charge with DC aging time were 2-wt% for PP-natural-clay and between 2 and 4 wt% for the PP-synthetic-clay. Above these percentages charge transport through overlapping of nanoparticles can occur due to the interaction zone of double layers formed at the nanoparticle/host material interfaces. Under DC field the overlapping increases the conductivity of PNCs and minimizes the benefit of incorporating nanofillers into PP. The total charge stored in unfilled PP increased continuously with time reaching a maximum around 5000 h before decreasing but it also changed slightly in all filled specimens. It was perceived that the smaller the size of nanofiller platelets the more efficient the charge mitigation. The conductivity of specimens containing 6 wt% of natural clay and 8 wt% of synthetic clay reached ≈6 times the level of the unfilled PP. This observation could be related and due to the crossing of the percolation threshold for these composites. © 2012 Mahmoud Abou-Dakka. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Aging time DC field Double layers Interaction zone Material interfaces Nano-fillers Nanofiller Natural clays Optimal concentration Organoclays Percolation thresholds Synthetic clays Total charge Interfaces (materials) Polypropylenes Thermoplastics 2012 1687-4110 2012 463748 10.1155/2012/463748 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Measurement Science and Standards (MSS-SME) Science des mesures et étalons (SME-MSS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269530 572d0b4b-eda0-4342-9192-d820714ba091 L. Khoun aut IMI IMI K. Challagulla aut NRC CNRC P. Hubert aut NRC CNRC text article eng The use of woven textile reinforcements in composite structures increased significantly in the past decades due to their interesting properties over unidirectional fibres. Therefore, the prediction of the thermo-mechanical properties of woven fabric composites is essential from a design and manufacturing standpoint. A micromechanical approach based on finite element method that utilizes three-dimensional unit cell was applied to predict the effective properties of a periodic woven fabric composite material. Using the resin processing properties models such as cure kinetics, shrinkage, glass transition temperature and elastic modulus models, the development of the periodic woven fabric composite material thermo-mechanical properties, as the cure progresses was predicted. The residual strains and stresses generated in the composite unit cell during the cure were also predicted and linked with the development of the material properties. The effective properties of the cured woven fabric composite material were compared to the one of an equivalent cross-ply composite material to verify the validity of neglecting the fibre waviness while modelling woven fabric composite. © The Author(s) 2012 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Cross-ply cure Cure kinetics Cure progress Effective property Elastic properties Fabric composites Material property Micromechanical approach Residual strains Resin processing Thermomechanical properties Three-dimensional units Unit cells Woven fabric composites Woven textiles Biomechanics Composite materials Composite micromechanics Curing Elasticity Finite element method Micromechanics Structural design Weaving 2012 0021-9983 46 25 3121 3136 16 10.1177/0021998312436990 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Industrial Materials Institute (IMI-IMI) Institut des matériaux industriels du CNRC (IMI-IMI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269533 dba10233-58bb-49f1-8dfe-a22d64d7628f G. Hussack aut IBS ISB A. Keklikian aut J. Alsughayyir aut IBS ISB P. Hanifi-Moghaddam aut IBS ISB M. Arbabi-Ghahroudi aut IBS ISB H. Van Faassen aut IBS ISB S.T. Hou aut IBS ISB S. Sad aut IBS ISB R. MacKenzie aut IBS ISB J. Tanha aut IBS ISB text article eng A synthetic human VL phage display library, created by the randomization of all complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) in a V L scaffold, was panned against three test antigens to determine the propensity of the library to yield non-aggregating binders. A total of 22 binders were isolated against the test antigens and the majority (20) were monomeric. Thus, human VL repertoires provide an efficient source of non-aggregating binders and represent an attractive alternative to human V H repertoires, which are notorious for containing high proportions of aggregating species. Moreover, the solubility of VLs, in contrast to VHs, appears much less CDR dependent. © The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Antibody library Complementarity-determining regions non-aggregating Phage display libraries Single domains Antibodies Antigens Scaffolds Binders antibody bacterial antigen bacterial protein bacterial toxin immunoglobulin light chain single chain fragment variable antibody toxB protein, Clostridium difficile antibody library antigen expression article codon controlled study dissociation enzyme linked immunosorbent assay human polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis priority journal scanning electron microscopy solubility amino acid sequence antibody affinity chemistry genetics metabolism molecular cloning molecular genetics nucleotide sequence peptide library protein binding Amino Acid Sequence Antibody Affinity Antigens, Bacterial Bacterial Proteins Bacterial Toxins Base Sequence Cloning, Molecular Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Humans Immunoglobulin Light Chains Molecular Sequence Data Peptide Library Protein Binding Single-Chain Antibodies 2012 1741-0126 25 6 313 318 6 10.1093/protein/gzs014 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269535 3cce1590-8dbb-4117-8281-e32f3e6de1f7 G. Herriot aut HIA IHA C. Irvin aut HIA IHA Adaptive Optics Systems III, 1 July 2012 through 6 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng NFIRAOS Small meteors usually burn up near the bottom of the sodium layer. Meteor trails can lead to temporary dramatic changes in the altitude of the sodium layer. This altitude change is very rapid, typically over 1 second, and after some unpredictable period of 10-20 seconds, can transition back to the nominal mean altitude also in about 1 second. The altitude change is very drastic and can jump by up to 1 km which, on the face of it, would cause 4 micrometers defocus errors on LGS WFS measurements for a 30-m telescope, unless properly tracked. Measurements by the UBC Lidar detected ~20 meteor trails / hour, and of these, 1-2 are significant events. We report on a full end-to-end Simulink simulation for TMT NFIRAOS including: meteor events measured by the UBC Lidar; on-instrument NGS focus sensor running at 90 Hz (median sky coverage frame rate); optimal temporal blending with LGS WFS focus measurements; LGS WFS centroiding matched filter update and Truth WFS update very 3s; full trombone servo model including non-linear focus range vs stage position. We optimized our control architecture and traded off motor power dissipation versus residual wavefront error and Shack-Hartmann spot displacement and found range tracking errors induce 12 nm WFE in normal conditions and brief (1s) jumps of 30-80 nm WFE at the beginning and ending of meteor transients. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Burn up Centroiding Control architecture Defocus Focus measurement Focus sensors Frame rate Meteor trails Meteors NFIRAOS Normal condition Shack-Hartmann Simulink simulations Sky coverage Sodium layer Spot displacement TMT Tracking errors Wavefront errors Blending Computer simulation Errors Ionization of gases Magnetohydrodynamics Optical radar Optimization Sodium Electric appliances 2012 0277-786X 9780819491480 8447 844734 10.1117/12.924926 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269524 70e2b992-62d9-4908-a440-bfb42a23910a K. Yeung aut HIA IHA K. Seifried aut HIA IHA W. Randolph aut Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for Astronomy V, 1 July 2012 through 3 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng Under the "Memorandum of Understanding between the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO)/Associated Universities Incorporated (AUI), Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA) and the University of Calgary related to Canadian ALMA Construction Phase Work Packages", HIA is committed to deliver a suite of seventy-three Band 3 100 GHz receiver cartridges to the ALMA Project. After the acceptance of each cartridge at the Front End Integration Centers, HIA is responsible to perform any post-delivery maintenance, repair or rework of the cartridges for a warranty period of up to one year. This paper defines a framework for the maintenance and repair services for the Band 3 cartridges after the post-delivery warranty period has expired. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 100 GHz Construction phase Front end Maintenance and operation Maintenance plans Memorandum of understanding Repair services Test systems University of Calgary Warranty period Work packages Astrophysics Project management Radio astronomy Repair Systems engineering Projectiles 2012 0277-786X 9780819491503 8449 84491C 10.1117/12.925549 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269522 d1ccdf17-0cf3-4527-b39a-1b6e2e0c781c A.A. Dutton aut J.T. Mendel aut L. Simard aut HIA IHA text article eng We determine an absolute calibration of stellar mass-to-light ratios for the densest ≃3 per cent of early-type galaxies in the local Universe (redshift z ≃ 0.08) from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7. This sample of ~4000 galaxies has, assuming a Chabrier initial mass function (IMF), effective stellar surface densities Σe > 2500M ⊙ pc -2, stellar population synthesis (SPS) stellar masses log10(M SPS/M ⊙) < 10.8 and aperture velocity dispersions of σap = 168 +37 -34 km s -1 (68 per cent range). In contrast to typical early-type galaxies, we show that these dense early-type galaxies follow the virial Fundamental Plane, which suggests that mass follows light. With the additional assumption that any dark matter does not follow the light, the dynamical masses of dense galaxies provide a direct measurement of stellar masses. Our dynamical masses (M dyn), obtained from the spherical Jeans equations, are only weakly sensitive to the choice of anisotropy (β) due to the relatively large aperture of the SDSS fibre for these galaxies: R ap - 1.5R e. Assuming isotropic orbits (β = 0), we find a median log10(M dyn/M SPS) = 0.233 ± 0.003, consistent with a Salpeter IMF, while more bottom-heavy IMFs and standard MilkyWay IMFs are strongly disfavoured. Our results are consistent with, but do not require, a dependence of the IMF on dynamical mass or velocity dispersion. We find evidence for a colour dependence to the IMF such that redder galaxies have heavier IMFs with Mdyn/MSPS α (g - r) 1.13 ±0.09. This may reflect a more fundamental dependence of the IMF on the age or metallicity of a stellar population, or the density at which the stars formed. © 2012 The Authors. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2012 RAS. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 1745-3933 422 1 L33 L37 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2012.01230.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269508 8d4b03a4-c977-4235-ba1b-c7e92e384da3 C.M. Halmenschlager aut IFCI IIPC R. Neagu aut IFCI IIPC C. De Fraga Malfatti aut C.P. Bergmann aut Materials Science and Technology Conference and Exhibition 2012, MS and T 2012, 7 October 2012 through 11 October 2012, Pittsburgh, PA text article eng Nowadays the challenges on SOFC are to find a way to produce good quality electrolyte, which does not need sintering at high temperature. This work presents the results of a process optimization applied to gadolinia-doped ceria thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis (SP). The aim of this work was to achieve thin, dense, and continuous CGO coatings, which may serve as electrolyte for SOFC. Dense substrates were used as substrates for the deposition. Cerium ammonium nitrate and gadolinium acetylacetonate were used as precursors' salts. Parameters such as gas flow, liquid flow and temperature were studied. Controlling these parameters, thin, dense, crack-free films could be produced on dense and porous substrates. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the films were crystalline after the deposition without requiring post-deposition heat treatment. Van der Pauw technique showed that the produced films have good conductivity, suitable for use as intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Acetylacetonates Cerium ammonium nitrates Gadolinia doped ceria Gadolinium doped ceria Intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell Porous substrates Postdeposition heat treatment Van der Pauw technique Deposits Electrolytes Exhibitions Gadolinium Ionic conductivity Materials science Optimization Sintering Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) Spray pyrolysis Thermal spraying Thin films Vapor deposition 2012 9781622766536 1 409 416 8 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation (IFCI-IIPC) Institut d'innovation en piles à combustible du CNRC (IIPC-IFCI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269509 576449ff-3f11-40bf-9c0f-c2a0a559522d David J Lockwood Lockwood, D.J. aut MSS SME Xuan (Sean) Wu Wu, X. aut MSS SME Jean-Marc Baribeau Baribeau, J.-M. aut ICT TIC N. Modi aut L. Tsybeskov aut 2nd International Symposium on Nanoscale Luminescent Materials - 221st ECS Meeting, 6 May 2012 through 10 May 2012, Seattle, WA text article eng Epitaxially-grown three-dimensional Si/SiGe nanostructures produce photoluminescence and electroluminescence in the desired spectral range of 1.3-1.6 μm. We show that by controlling and modifying such Ge-rich SiGe nanoclusters during growth it is possible to fabricate very fast and hence more efficient SiGe light-emitting devices. Models for the physics of carrier recombination in these Si/SiGe nanostructures are presented, and a new route toward CMOS compatible light emitters is proposed. ©The Electrochemical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Carrier recombination CMOS Compatible Light emitters Light emitting devices Si/SiGe Silicon Germanium Spectral range Germanium Silicon alloys Nanostructures 2012 1938-5862 9781566779579 45 5 31 42 12 10.1149/1.3700407 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269510 2fdddbcb-5e5c-46fc-ad77-42b716aa33ab G.F. Syms aut AERO AERO 18th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference 2012 (33rd AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference), 4 June 2012 through 6 June 2012 text article eng Airframe noise is growing a concern for aircraft manufacturers, operators and commu- nities. The ability to determine the location and strength of noise sources on an aircraft or its components allows noise reduction strategies to be developed which can have sig- nificant impact on the overall noise signature of the aircraft. Phased-microphone array measurement technologies have become an effective tool in noise source localization for aerospace configurations. With the growing national need to address airframe noise is- sues, the National Research Council Canada upgraded two of its wind tunnels to provide a better acoustic environment to make phased-array measurements. The first facility to be upgraded in 2009 was the 0.9m 3/4-open jet low speed research tunnel in which the original metal turning vanes on the corners bounding the test section were replaced with vanes lined with acoustic foam. This reduced the background noise in the test section by 5 - 10dB depending upon the frequency with little reduction in maximum tunnel speed. The second facility to receive an acoustic treatment was the 2m x 3m closed circuit tunnel in 2011. For this facility, an acoustic liner was developed for the test section which allowed the microphones to be recessed out of the flow and decreased the reverberant nature of the hard-walled tunnel. All walls of the tunnel were covered with acoustic foam-filled boxes covered with a stainless steel mesh. This reduced the background noise measured by the recessed microphone array by 15 - 20dB compared to a flush mounted array. In each up-graded facility, an aeroacoustic test of a two-wheel main landing gear of a business jet was carried out (the first at 1/3rd-scale and the second at full scale). Results in the large tunnel show accurate noise source localization with repeatability of 0.15dB for the loudest source and 0.25dB for the second loudest noise source. The two successful wind tunnel entries show the effectiveness of the two wind tunnel acoustic upgrades. © 2012 by Government of Canada. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Acoustic environment Acoustic treatment Aerospace configurations Aircraft manufacturers Array measurements National Research Council Reduction strategy Stainless steel mesh Aeroacoustics Aircraft Airframes Landing gear (aircraft) Microphones Noise abatement Research Structural frames Wind tunnels Acoustic noise 2012 9781600869327 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269511 439992e5-035b-40a9-b7e3-2140a07ca86c M. Xu aut EME EME D.G. Ivey aut W. Qu aut EME EME Z. Xie aut EME EME Y.H. Bing aut EME EME Symposium on Metal-Air Batteries - 222nd ECS Meeting/PRiME 2012, 7 October 2012 through 12 October 2012, Honolulu, HI text article eng The electrochemistry of a Zn/Zn(II) couple was studied and compared in four kinds of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) (1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide (BMP-DCA), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (EMI-TFSI), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (BMP-TFSI) and 1-methyl-1-pentylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (MPP-TFSI)), with the aim of screening desirable RTILs as replacements for traditional aqueous electrolytes for Zn rechargeable batteries. Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the reversibility and cyclability of Zn redox in each RTIL. The morphology of Zn deposits prepared from each RTIL was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that Zn redox has the best cyclability in the DCA-based RTIL, with the Zn deposit morphology characterized by finely dispersed rods composed of granular Zn particles (∼50-100 nm in size). In TFSI-based ionic liquids, the Zn/Zn(II) couple reaction had a higher current density than that in the DCA-based ionic liquid, implying different electron transfer processes. BMP-DCA and EMI-TFSI are promising RTILs worthy of further investigation. © The Electrochemical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Aqueous electrolyte Bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide Dicyanamide Dicyanamide anion Electron transfer process Room temperature ionic liquids Zn deposits Zn particles Cyclic voltammetry Deposits Morphology Particles (particulate matter) Scanning electron microscopy Zinc Zinc deposits Ionic liquids 2012 1938-5862 9781607684138 50 25 13 22 10 10.1149/05025.0013ecst National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Energy, Mining and Environment (EME-EME) Énergie, mines et environnement (EME-EME) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269512 183f6dc4-ee1b-4385-82b1-30f831c314ad M.-Y. Lee aut S. Stanimirović aut K.A. Douglas aut L.B.G. Knee aut HIA IHA J. Di Francesco aut HIA IHA S.J. Gibson aut A. Begum aut J. Grcevich aut C. Heiles aut E.J. Korpela aut A.K. Leroy aut J.E.G. Peek aut N.M. Pingel aut M.E. Putman aut D. Saul aut text article eng To investigate the fundamental principles of H 2 formation in a giant molecular cloud, we derive the H I and H 2 surface density (Σ H I and Σ H2) images of the Perseus molecular cloud on sub-pc scales (0.4pc). We use the far-infrared data from the Improved Reprocessing of the IRAS Survey and the V-band extinction image provided by the COMPLETE Survey to estimate the dust column density image of Perseus. In combination with the H I data from the Galactic Arecibo L-band Feed Array H I Survey and an estimate of the local dust-to-gas ratio, we then derive the Σ H2 distribution across Perseus. We find a relatively uniform Σ H I6-8 Mpc -2 for both dark and star-forming regions, suggesting a minimum H I surface density required to shield H 2 against photodissociation. As a result, a remarkably tight and consistent relation is found between Σ H2/Σ H I and Σ H I + Σ H2. The transition between the H I- and H 2-dominated regions occurs at N(H I) + 2N(H 2) (8-14)× 10 20cm -2. Our findings are consistent with predictions for H 2 formation in equilibrium, suggesting that turbulence may not be of primary importance for H 2 formation. However, the importance of a warm neutral medium for H 2 shielding, an internal radiation field, and the timescale of H 2 formation still remain as open questions. We also compare H 2 and CO distributions and estimate the fraction of "CO-dark" gas, f DG 0.3. While significant spatial variations of f DG are found, we do not find a clear correlation with the mean V-band extinction. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-637X 748 2 75 10.1088/0004-637X/748/2/75 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269513 24219958-a3cb-4e6f-bddd-c2e89e21467a B. Liu aut M.D. Guiver aut ICPET ITPCE text chapter eng yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 9780470669372 331 369 39 10.1002/9781119962502.ch9 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Chemical Process and Environmental Technology (ICPET-ITPCE) Institut de technologie des procédés chimiques et de l'environnement du CNRC (ITPCE-ICPET) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269514 38ac31de-d8db-43b4-b78e-494fb3ee150b T. Henhoeffer aut X. Huang aut S. Yand aut AERO AERO P. Au aut AERO AERO D. Nagy aut text article eng Wide gap brazing (WGB) of X-40 cobalt based superalloy was conducted in this study using BNi-9 braze alloy with X-40 and IN738 additive alloys. A groove was machined into X-40 bars with a nominal width of 6?35 mm before filler application. Following brazing at 1200°C for 15 min, the microstructure of the as brazed joints was examined using SEM, EDS and nanoindentation technique. Both WGB joints with X-40 and IN783 additive alloys contained primary matrix phase in addition to a number of boron containing phases which assumed either eutectic or discrete forms. Nanoindention testing revealed that these boron containing phases exhibited hardness values several times higher than the base alloy and matrix phase contributing to the embrittlement of the braze joint. Porosity was also observed in both types of WGB braze joints, the degree of which was greatest in the braze joints with IN738 additive alloy. Tensile testing at 950uC showed that the yield strength of both WGB joints was higher than that of the baseline specimens while the ultimate tensile strength of the WGB joints was lower than that of the baseline X-40. The ductility of the WGB joints was significantly inferior to that of the baseline X-40, particularly for WGB with IN 738 additive alloy. © 2010 Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Cobalt-based superalloy High temperature tensile properties IN738 Microstructure characterisation Nanoindentation techniques Ultimate tensile strength Wide-gap brazing X-40 Boron Cerium alloys Cobalt Gas turbines High temperature properties Microstructure Superalloys Tensile strength Tensile testing Brazing 2012 1748-9237 5 2 431 439 9 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269515 79e6df72-ba8d-4b90-8e28-687914181979 M. Selezneva aut G.-P. Picher-Martel aut B. Landry aut D. Trudel-Boucher aut NRC CNRC S. Roy aut AERO AERO L. Khoun aut NRC CNRC M. Hojjati aut AERO AERO L. Lessard aut P. Hubert aut 2012 SAMPE International Symposium and Exhibition - Emerging Opportunities: Materials and Process Solutions, 21 May 2012 through 24 May 2012, Baltimore, MD text article eng A new multi-disciplinary study is being conducted to systematically evaluate, characterize and model the moulding process and mechanical properties of composites manufactured fro mrandomly-oriented carbon/PEEK chopped strips. The heterogeneous meso-structure of this material is expected to give rise to unique material behaviour, which is not entirely accounted for in the current ASTM standards for mechanical testing. This paper presents results of a sensitivity study aimed to evaluate the dependence of measured properties on the size of the coupon gauge section. Coupons of different widths (12.5 - 50 mm) were cut from compression moulded flat panels of randomly oriented chopped strips 25 mm in length and were subjected to quasi-static tensile loading. Results did not show any noticeable effect of the coupon width on the measured properties. Tensile strength and stiffness were found to be substantially lower than those of quasi-isotropic continuous fiber laminates, 59 % and 26 % lower, respectively. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes ASTM Standards Carbon/PEEK Flat panel Material behaviour Measured properties Mesostructures Moulding process Multi-disciplinary Properties of composites Quasi-static Sensitivity studies Tensile loading Compression molding Exhibitions Mechanical testing Mechanical properties 2012 9781934551127 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269518 61d8e95d-edef-4a92-b51d-f036637500a6 R. Pearce aut HHT TSH J. Baardsnes aut HHT TSH text article eng yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes carbon dioxide nitrous oxide bacterial infection blood transfusion brain hemorrhage case report cerebellum injury child family stress female gestational age human infant intestine perforation mycosis newborn intensive care newborn mortality nuclear magnetic resonance imaging parental attitude patient education personal experience positive end expiratory pressure prematurity preschool child priority journal review septic shock ventilator Brain Injuries Cerebellar Cortex Cerebral Hemorrhage Female Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans Infant, Newborn Infant, Premature Infant, Premature, Diseases Infection Intensive Care Units, Neonatal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Parents Prognosis Shock, Septic Twins 2012 0803-5253 101 10 1013 1015 3 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2012.02767.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Human Health Therapeutics (HHT-TSH) Thérapeutiques en santé humaine (TSH-HHT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269519 6157d652-985d-4bfe-90b5-46599ed92389 M. Liao aut AERO AERO Y. Bombardier aut AERO AERO G. Renaud aut AERO AERO 28th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences 2012, ICAS 2012, 23 September 2012 through 28 September 2012, Brisbane text article eng This paper presents some recent results of NRC research on risk assessment for aircraft structures. First, this paper briefly reviews the Canadian Forces (CF) risk assessment requirements related to aircraft structural life assessment. Because the single flight probability of failure (SFPOF) (instantaneous failure rate) is an important parameter used in aircraft risk assessment, a critical review of different SFPOF definitions and calculations is presented. As the size of the CF aircraft fleet is relatively small, one common issue encountered during risk assessment is that only a limited number of inservice damage findings are available. Several methods are discussed for preparing input data, especially the initial crack size distribution (ICSD), from small samples for structural risk analysis. To demonstrate one of the in-service damage based methods, a risk analysis case study is presented, in which limited in-service damage findings were used to calculate the SFPOF at a wing location, in support of the CF risk-based decision-making on maintenance actions and the operational life limit. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Aircraft structure CP-140 Damage tolerance analysis Maintenance Action Operational life Probabilistic risk analysis Probability of failure Structural risks Aerodynamics Aircraft Aircraft manufacture Airframes Fits and tolerances Risk analysis Risk assessment Location based services 2012 9781622767540 3 2016 2026 11 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269521 58f0707d-9dcc-4760-b404-54381f23d444 B. Gladman aut S.M. Lawler aut J.-M. Petit aut J. Kavelaars aut HIA IHA R.L. Jones aut J.W. Parker aut C. Van Laerhoven aut P. Nicholson aut P. Rousselot aut A. Bieryla aut M.L.N. Ashby aut text article eng The trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) trapped in mean-motion resonances with Neptune were likely emplaced there during planet migration late in the giant-planet formation process. We perform detailed modeling of the resonant objects detected in the Canada-France Ecliptic Plane Survey (CFEPS) in order to provide population estimates and, for some resonances, constrain the complex internal orbital element distribution. Detection biases play a critical role because phase relationships with Neptune make object discovery more likely at certain longitudes. This paper discusses the 3:2, 5:2, 2:1, 3:1, 5:1, 4:3, 5:3, 7:3, 5:4, and 7:4 mean-motion resonances, all of which had CFEPS detections, along with our upper limit on 1:1 Neptune Trojans (which is consistent with their small population estimated elsewhere). For the plutinos (TNOs in the 3:2 resonance) we refine the orbital element distribution given by Kavelaars et al. in 2009 and show that steep H-magnitude distributions (N(H)10 αH, with α = 0.8-0.9) are favored in the range H g = 8-9, and confirm that this resonance does not share the inclination distribution of the classical Kuiper Belt. We give the first population estimate for the 5:2 resonance and find that, to within the uncertainties, the population is equal to that of the 3:2 (≃13,000 TNOs with H g < 9.16), whereas the 2:1 population is smaller by a factor of 3-4 compared to the other two resonances. We also measure significant populations inhabiting the 4:3, 5:3, 7:3, 5:4, 7:4, 3:1, and 5:1 resonances, with H g < 9.16 (D > 100km) populations in the thousands. We compare our intrinsic population and orbital element distributions with several published models of resonant-TNO production; the most striking discrepancy is that resonances beyond the 2:1 are in reality more heavily populated than in published models. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-6256 144 1 23 10.1088/0004-6256/144/1/23 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269523 df43d76f-c00e-40e3-905b-f007e7a96b27 P. Potasz aut IMS ISM A.D. Güçlü aut IMS ISM A. Wójs aut P. Hawrylak aut IMS ISM text article eng We present a theory of electronic properties of gated triangular graphene quantum dots with zigzag edges as a function of size and carrier density. We focus on electronic correlations, spin, and geometrical effects using a combination of atomistic tight-binding, Hartree-Fock, and configuration interaction methods (TB+HF+CI), including long-range Coulomb interactions. The single-particle energy spectrum of triangular dots with zigzag edges exhibits a degenerate shell at the Fermi level with a degeneracy N edge proportional to the edge size. We determine the effect of the electron-electron interactions on the ground state, the total spin, and the excitation spectrum as a function of a shell filling and the degeneracy of the shell using TB+HF+CI for N edge<12 and approximate CI method for N edge≥12. For a half-filled neutral shell we find spin-polarized ground state for structures up to N=500 atoms in agreement with previous ab initio and mean-field calculations and in agreement with Lieb's theorem for a Hubbard model on a bipartite lattice. Adding a single electron leads to the complete spin depolarization for N edge≤9. For larger structures, the spin depolarization is shown to occur at different filling factors. Away from half-fillings excess electrons(holes) are shown to form Wigner-like spin-polarized triangular molecules corresponding to large gaps in the excitation spectrum. The validity of conclusions is assessed by a comparison of results obtained from different levels of approximations. While for the charge-neutral system all methods give qualitatively similar results, away from the charge neutrality an inclusion of all Coulomb scattering terms is necessary to produce results presented here. © 2012 American Physical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 1098-0121 85 7 75431 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.075431 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269525 3e095486-eed6-48ee-af7c-7a4fe824f9fb M. Nashed aut J.W. Chisholm aut INH ISNS R. Ariel Igal aut text article eng Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), the main enzyme that converts saturated fatty acids into monounsaturated fatty acids, is a key factor in the mechanisms of cancer cell proliferation, survival and tumorigenesis. Evidence indicates that SCD1 activity regulates these events in part by targeting the phosphatidylinositol-3 phosphate kinase/Akt and Ras/extracellular signalregulated kinase (ERK) pathways, but the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. We now show that in H460 lung cancer cells, the suppression of SCD activity with CVT-11127, a specific small molecule SCD inhibitor, impairs the ligand-induced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, causing the inactivation of its downstream targets Akt, ERK and mammalian target of rapamycin. Importantly, the mitogenic response to EGF was markedly defective in SCD-depleted cancer cells. The inactivation of EGF receptor (EGFR) promoted by SCD inhibition may be caused by perturbations in the lipid microenvironment surrounding the receptor, since we detected significant alterations in the lateral mobility of plasma lipid microdomains. Finally, incubation of lung cancer cells with SCD blockers potentiated the antigrowth effect of gefitinib, an EGFR inhibitor employed in cancer treatment. Altogether, our data indicate that SCD activity may control cancer cell metabolism, proliferation and survival by modulating the EGFR→Akt/ERK signaling platforms. Our studies also suggest a value for SCD inhibitors as novel pharmacological agents in lung cancer, one of the most common and lethal forms of cancer for which therapeutic options remain very limited. © 2008 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes acyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 acyl coenzyme A desaturase inhibitor cvt 11127 enzyme inhibitor epidermal growth factor receptor gefitinib mammalian target of rapamycin mitogen activated protein kinase monounsaturated fatty acid protein kinase B saturated fatty acid unclassified drug article cancer cell cell membrane cell metabolism cell proliferation cell survival controlled study cytotoxicity drug effect drug potentiation drug sensitivity enzyme activity enzyme inhibition human human cell lipid blood level lung cancer microenvironment mitogenesis protein phosphorylation Antineoplastic Agents Cell Line, Tumor Cell Proliferation Cell Survival Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases Humans Lung Neoplasms MAP Kinase Signaling System Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases Phosphorylation Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt Quinazolines Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases Mammalia 2012 1535-3702 237 9 1007 1017 11 10.1258/ebm.2012.012126 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Nutrisciences and Health (INH-ISNS) Institut des sciences nutritionnelles et de la santé du CNRC (ISNS-INH) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269526 0f6064d7-67c2-43f0-91c6-ffdcab23ffe5 V. Reshetov aut HIA IHA G. Herriot aut HIA IHA S. Thibault aut P. Désaulniers aut L. Saddlemyer aut HIA IHA D. Loop aut HIA IHA Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV, 1 July 2012 through 6 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng This paper presents an overview of the PDR level mechanical and opto-mechanical design of the cryogenic spectrograph unit of the nIR spectropolarimeter (SPIROU) proposed as a new-generation instrument for CFHT. The design is driven by the need for high thermo-mechanical stability in terms of the radial velocity (RV) of 1 m/s during one night, with the requirement for thermal stability set at 1 mK/24 hours. This paper describes stress-free design of the cryogenic optical mounts, mechanical design of the custom-build cryostat, mechanical design of the optical bench, and thermal design for 1 mK thermal stability. The thermal budget was calculated using lumped-mass model thermal analysis, implemented in Modelica multi-domain modeling language. Discussion of thermal control options to achieve 1 mK thermal stability is included. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Mechanical design Modelica Multi-domain modeling Optical Bench Optical Mounts Opto-mechanical design Radial velocity Spectropolarimeters Thermal budget Thermal control Thermal designs Thermomechanical stability Astronomy Design Infrared spectrographs Instruments Spectrographs Thermoanalysis Thermodynamic stability Cryogenics 2012 0277-786X 9780819491473 8446 84464E 10.1117/12.927442 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269516 a8a6d3d1-4caa-44ed-934d-9ee0682f7004 K. Szeto aut HIA IHA M. Angers aut C. Breckenridge aut S. Bauman aut N. Loewen aut D. Loop aut HIA IHA A. McConnachie aut HIA IHA J. Pazder aut HIA IHA D. Salmon aut P. Spano aut HIA IHA S. Stiemer aut C. Veillet aut Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV, 1 July 2012 through 6 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng The Next Generation Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope is a dedicated, 10m aperture, wide-field, fiber-fed multi-object spectroscopic facility proposed as an upgrade to the existing Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope on the summit of Mauna Kea. The Next Generation Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope baseline concept assumes the new facility is built on the existing Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope telescope pier and enclosure pier and occupies the same three dimensional exterior "footprint". Three technical studies have been planned to examine the validity of these assumptions. The technical studies are executed in series as they represent technical decision points in a logical sequence. The three technical studies in succession are: 1. Telescope Pier Study - Load Capacity and Structural Interface, 2. Enclosure Fixed Base Study - Telescope and Enclosure Configuration and Load Capacity and 3. Aero- Thermal Study - Dome Thermal Seeing and Air Flow Attenuation over the Enclosure Aperture Opening. The paper outlines the baseline facility (telescope, spectrograph and enclosure) concept and the status of these studies, and discusses the proposed telescope and enclosure configuration in terms of the redevelopment assumptions. A consolidated feasibility study report will be submitted to the CFHT Board and Science Advisory Committee in the Fall of 2012, with first light for the facility aiming to be in the early 2020s. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes ACI Advisory committee Air flow AISC ASCE Baseline concepts Dome seeing Feasibility studies Fixed base Load capacity Logical sequences Multiobject Structural interface Technical decision Technical study Thermal study Wide-field Airborne telescopes Computational fluid dynamics Domes Enclosures Piers Planning Optical telescopes 2012 0277-786X 9780819491459 8444 84440W 10.1117/12.926682 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269517 0b242703-071d-471f-a472-ddca39a1c120 A. Baskaran aut IRC IRC S. Molleti aut IRC IRC S. Ko aut IRC IRC L. Shoemaker aut text article eng A common factor in roof failures is wind forces, which inflict considerable damage every year, even to new roof structures. Metal roofs are a popular low-sloped roof assembly. On the basis of their layout, metal roofs can be categorized as either composite or noncomposite assemblies. In North American practice, five main test procedures - ASTM E1592, ANSI/FM 4474, UL 580, UL 1817, and CSA A123.21-04 - are used to determine the wind uplift performance of metal roofs. The fundamental differences between these test protocols lie in the way they represent wind effects on the performance of metal roofing systems. Of the five, CSA A 123.21-04 is the only one that assesses the wind uplift resistance under dynamic wind load conditions. To evaluate the wind uplift performance of noncomposite and composite metal roofing assemblies, eight assemblies with two different types of panels - SNAP-IT and MR-24 - were tested by using the CSA A123.21-04 dynamic test protocol. By relating air intrusion characteristics of the subsurface components to panel behavior, this paper shows how composite assemblies resist wind uplift pressures better than noncomposite assemblies. This paper reveals that increased air intrusion resistance of the sub surface components in composite assemblies results in increased suction resistance, decreased panel deflection, decreased stress on the panels, and increased wind uplift resistance. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Air intrusion Composite assembly Dynamic tests Dynamic wind loads Metal roofing system Non-composite Panel deflection Wind uplift resistance Composite materials Metals Roofs Testing Wind effects Surface resistance 2012 1076-0431 18 1 2 15 14 10.1061/(ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000042 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Research in Construction (IRC-IRC) Institut de recherche en construction du CNRC (IRC-IRC) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269489 54920af4-94f0-4c6d-bc67-5cf0985d647e J.P. McCaffrey aut INMS IENM F. Tessier aut INMS IENM H. Shen aut INMS IENM text article eng Purpose: To measure the attenuation effectiveness and minimize the weight of new non-Pb radiation shielding materials used for radiation protection by interventional radiology (IR) physicians, to compare the accuracy of the different standard measurement geometries of these materials, and to determine x-ray qualities that correspond to the scattered radiation that IR physicians typically encounter. Methods: Radiation attenuation capabilities of non-Pb materials were investigated. Typically, most studies of non-Pb materials have focused on the attenuating properties of metal powders. In this study, layers of materials incorporating non-Pb powdered compounds such as Bi2O 3, Gd2O3, and BaSO4 were measured individually, as bilayers, and as a Bi2O3-loaded hand cream. Attenuation measurements were performed in narrow-beam (fluorescence excluded) and broad beam (fluorescence included) geometries, demonstrating that these different geometries provided significantly different results. The Monte Carlo (MC) program EGSnrc was used to calculate the resulting spectra after attenuation by radiation shielding materials, and scattered x-ray spectra after 90° scattering of eight ASTM Standard primary x-ray beams. Surrogate x-ray qualities that corresponded to these scattered spectra were tabulated. Results: Radiation shielding materials incorporating Bi2O3 were found to provide equivalent or superior attenuation compared with commercial Pb-based and non-Pb materials across the 60-130 kVp energy range. Measurements were made for single layers of the Bi2O3 compound and for bilayers where the ordering was low atomic number (Z) layer closest to x-ray sourcehigh Z (Bi2O3) layer farthest from the x-ray source. Narrow-beam Standard test methods which do not include the contribution from fluorescence overestimated the attenuating capabilities of Pb and non-Pb materials. Measurements of a newly developed, quick-drying, and easily removable Bi2O3-loaded hand cream demonstrated better attenuation capabilities than commercial Bi2O3-loaded gloves. Scattered radiation measurements and MC simulations illustrated that the spectra resulting from 90° scattering of primary x-ray beam qualities can be approximated by surrogate x-ray qualities which are more representative of the radiation actually encountered by IR physicians. A table of surrogate qualities of the eight ASTM F2547-06 Standard qualities was compiled. Conclusions: New non-Pb compound materials, particularly single layers or bilayers incorporating Bi2O3, can reduce the weight of radiation protection materials while providing equivalent or better protection compared to Pb-based materials. Attenuation measurements in geometries that exclude the contribution from fluorescence substantially underestimate the quantity of transmitted radiation. A new Bi2O3-loaded hand cream demonstrated a novel and effective approach for hand protection. Standard testing protocols for radiation protection materials used by IR physicians specify a wider kVp range than is necessary. A more realistic range would acknowledge the lower kVp resulting from scatter and allow IR physicians to confidently utilize lighter-weight materials while still receiving adequate protection. Standards protocols incorporating the adjustments described in this work would maintain the safety of IR personnel and lessen the physical repercussions of long hours wearing unnecessarily heavy radiation protection garments. © 2012 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes article equipment equipment design human instrumentation interventional radiology materials materials testing methodology physician radiation injury radiation protection radiation scattering Equipment Design Equipment Failure Analysis Humans Manufactured Materials Materials Testing Physicians Radiation Injuries Radiation Protection Radiography, Interventional Scattering, Radiation 2012 0094-2405 39 7 4537 4546 10 10.1118/1.4730504 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for National Measurement Standards (INMS-IENM) Institut des étalons nationaux de mesure du CNRC (IENM-INMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269498 9bb21421-a952-4a2f-92a9-deee737ef310 J.D. Bailey aut J. Grunhut aut M. Shultz aut G. Wade aut J.D. Landstreet aut D. Bohlender aut HIA IHA J. Lim aut K. Wong aut S. Drake aut J. Linsky aut text article eng HD 133880 is a rapidly rotating chemically peculiar B-type (Bp) star (vsini≃ 103kms -1) and is host to one of the strongest magnetic fields of any Ap/Bp star. A member of the Upper Centaurus Lupus association, it is a star with a well-determined age of 16Myr. 12 new spectra, four of which are polarimetric, obtained from the FEROS, ESPaDOnS and HARPS instruments, provide sufficient material from which to re-evaluate the magnetic field and obtain a first approximation to the atmospheric abundance distributions of He, O, Mg, Si, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pr and Nd. An abundance analysis was carried out using zeeman, a program which synthesizes spectral line profiles for stars with permeating magnetic fields. The magnetic field structure was characterized by a colinear multipole expansion from the observed variations of the longitudinal and surface fields with rotational phase. Both magnetic hemispheres are clearly visible during the stellar rotation, and thus a three-ring abundance distribution model encompassing both magnetic poles and magnetic equator with equal spans in colatitude was adopted. Using the new magnetic field measurements and optical photometry together with previously published data, we refine the period of HD 133880 to P= 0.877476 ± 0.000009d. Our simple axisymmetric magnetic field model is based on a predominantly quadrupolar component that roughly describes the field variations. Using spectrum synthesis, we derived mean abundances for O, Mg, Si, Ti, Cr, Fe and Pr. All elements, except Mg, are overabundant compared to the Sun. Mg appears to be approximately uniform over the stellar surface, while all other elements are more abundant in the negative magnetic hemisphere than in the positive magnetic hemisphere. In contrast to most Ap/Bp stars which show an underabundance in O, in HD 133880 this element is clearly overabundant compared to the solar abundance ratio. In studying the Hα and Paschen lines in the optical spectra, we could not unambiguously detect information about the magnetosphere of HD 133880. However, radio emission data at both 3 and 6cm suggest that the magnetospheric plasma is held in rigid rotation with the star by the magnetic field and further supported against collapse by the rapid rotation. Subtle differences in the shapes of the optically thick radio light curves at 3 and 6cm suggest that the large-scale magnetic field is not fully axisymmetric at large distances from the star. © 2012 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2012 RAS. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0035-8711 423 1 328 343 16 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20881.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269500 f2928717-07cf-44e3-96a9-e41b06cfaa4c B.A. Wicklow aut K.D.M. Wittmeier aut A.C. MacIntosh aut E.A.C. Sellers aut L. Ryner aut IBD IBD H. Serrai aut IBD IBD H.J. Dean aut J.M. McGavock aut text article eng OBJECTIVE - To test the hypothesis that hepatic steatosis is associated with risk factors for type 2 diabetes in overweight and obese youth, mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - This was a cross-sectional study comparing insulin sensitivity between 30 overweight and obese adolescents with hepatic steatosis, 68 overweight and obese adolescents without hepatic steatosis, and 11 healthy weight adolescents without hepatic steatosis. Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by a graded maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Secondary outcomes included presence of metabolic syndrome and glucose response to a 75-g oral glucose challenge. RESULTS - The presence of hepatic steatosis was associated with 55%lower insulin sensitivity (P = 0.02) and a twofold greater prevalence of metabolic syndrome (P = 0.001). Differences in insulin sensitivity (3.5 vs. 4.5 mU · kg -1 · min -1, P = 0.03), prevalence of metabolic syndrome (48 vs. 20%, P = 0.03), and glucose area under the curve (816 vs. 710, P = 0.04) remained between groups after matching for age, sex, and visceral fat. The association between hepatic steatosis and insulin sensitivity (β = -0.24, t = -2.29, P < 0.025), metabolic syndrome (β = -0.54, t = -5.8, P < 0.001), and glucose area under the curve (β = 0.33, t = 3.3, P < 0.001) was independent of visceral and whole-body adiposity. Cardiorespiratory fitness was not associated with hepatic steatosis, insulin sensitivity, or presence of metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS - Hepatic steatosis is associated with type 2 diabetes risk factors independent of cardiorespiratory fitness, whole-body adiposity, and visceral fat mass. © 2012 by the American Diabetes Association. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes alanine aminotransferase aspartate aminotransferase glucose high density lipoprotein low density lipoprotein triacylglycerol adolescent adult article body fat cardiorespiratory fitness controlled study cross-sectional study disease association dysglycemia dyslipidemia fatty liver female fitness glucose blood level glucose intolerance human insulin blood level insulin release insulin sensitivity intraabdominal fat major clinical study male metabolic syndrome X non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus obesity outcome assessment physical activity prevalence risk factor triacylglycerol blood level waist circumference Adolescent Body Fat Distribution Case-Control Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Fatty Liver Female Humans Insulin Resistance Lipids Male Obesity Overweight Risk Factors 2012 0149-5992 35 4 905 910 6 10.2337/dc11-1754 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biodiagnostics (IBD-IBD) Institut du biodiagnostic du CNRC (IBD-IBD) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269502 3806e42f-7d2a-457a-9023-5b85297fd997 S.X. Jiang aut IBS ISB J. Slinn aut IBS ISB A. Aylsworth aut IBS ISB S.T. Hou aut IBS ISB text article eng Microglia are the 'immune cells' of the brain and their activation plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. Activated microglia produce high levels of pro-inflammatory factors, such as TNFα, causing neurotoxicity. Here we show that vimentin played a key role in controlling microglia activation and neurotoxicity during cerebral ischemia. Deletion of vimentin expression significantly impaired microglia activation in response to LPS in vitro and transient focal cerebral ischemia in vivo. Reintroduction of the functional vimentin gene back into vimentin knockout microglia restored their response to LPS. More importantly, impairment of microglia activation significantly protected brain from cerebral ischemia-induced neurotoxicity. Collectively, we demonstrate a previously unknown function of vimentin in controlling microglia activation. Microglia activation plays an important role in many neurodegenerative diseases. Here we show that impaired vimentin expression significantly reduced microglia activation in response to LPS in vitro and cerebral ischemia in vivo. These studies demonstrate a unknown function of vimentin in controlling microglia activation and neurotoxicity during cerebral ischemia. © 2012 National Research Council Canada & The Authors. Journal of Neurochemistry © 2012 International Society for Neurochemistry. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes lipopolysaccharide tumor necrosis factor vimentin animal cell animal experiment animal model animal tissue article brain infarction size brain ischemia cell activation cell isolation controlled study gene deletion gene expression regulation gene overexpression immunofluorescence in vitro study in vivo study microglia mouse neuroprotection neurotoxicity nonhuman priority journal protein analysis protein expression protein function signal transduction Animals Blotting, Western Brain Brain Ischemia Cell Separation Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect Image Processing, Computer-Assisted In Situ Nick-End Labeling Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery Ischemic Attack, Transient Lipopolysaccharides Macrophage Activation Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Knockout Microglia Microscopy, Confocal Nervous System Diseases Plasmids Reperfusion Injury Tetracycline Vimentin 2012 0022-3042 122 4 764 774 11 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07823.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269505 23ce368c-8f5d-4fc9-8fdf-b75ee8a7cbf9 J.S. Lundeen aut INMS IENM C. Bamber aut INMS IENM text article eng Recent work by Lundeen et al. directly measured the wave function by weakly measuring a variable followed by a normal (i.e., "strong") measurement of the complementary variable. We generalize this method to mixed states by considering the weak measurement of various products of these observables, thereby providing the density matrix an operational definition in terms of a procedure for its direct measurement. The method only requires measurements in two bases and can be performed in situ, determining the quantum state without destroying it. © 2012 American Physical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Density matrix Direct measurement In-situ Mixed state Operational definition Quantum state Weak measurements Measurements Quantum optics Quantum theory 2012 0031-9007 108 7 70402 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.070402 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for National Measurement Standards (INMS-IENM) Institut des étalons nationaux de mesure du CNRC (IENM-INMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269506 80f0c646-4dab-4aeb-bf05-8897d1d06d11 Jianyin Chen Chen, J. aut AST ATS Lijue Xue Xue, L. aut AST ATS 141st Annual Meeting and Exhibition, TMS 2012, 11 March 2012 through 15 March 2012, Orlando, FL text article eng This paper summarizes our work on laser cladding of high-vanadium carbide CPM tool steels (3V, 9V and 15V) onto hardened chromium hot-work AISI H13 tool steel with a hardness of HRc 50-55 in order to substantially enhance abrasive wear resistance, which provides a great potential for fabricating high-performance automotive tooling at affordable cost. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes AISI H13 H13 tool steel Tooling Carbides Chromium Hardening Interfaces (materials) Laser cladding Vanadium 2012 9781118296073 1 11 18 8 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Automotive and Surface Transportation Automobile et transport de surface National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269507 d4b4feba-d6da-4d7a-b25d-5fb3a2ddfe49 M. Mas aut P. Baudoz aut J. Mazoyer aut R. Galicher aut HIA IHA G. Rousset aut Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV, 1 July 2012 through 6 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng The Self-Coherent Camera is dedicated to the direct detection of exoplanets. This instrument can be used as a focal plane wavefront sensor to measure static aberrations that induce speckles on the detector, which prevents the detection of faint companions. The Self-Coherent Camera creates a reference beam in the Lyot stop pupil plane in order to spatially modulate the speckle pattern with Fizeau fringes. We can then estimate for wavefront aberrations upstream of the coronagraphic mask and correct for them using a deformable mirror. Currently, the Self-Coherent Camera is combined with a deformable mirror located in the pupil plane upstream of a Four-Quadrant Phase Mask Coronagraph. In this paper, we present the formalism that explains how the Self-Coherent Camera encodes speckles and how we estimate the wavefront aberrations directly from the science image. We present numerical simulation results on speckle suppression in the focal plane. Then, we give experimental results on wavefront correction on our optical bench using a 32x32 actuators deformable mirror. We show that we can improve the contrast in the focal plane by a factor of more than 100 in the PSF wings up to 12λ/D. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Coronagraphy High angular resolutions High contrast imaging Instrumentation Wavefront correction Aberrations Astronomy Cameras Computer simulation Detectors Focusing Speckle Wavefronts 2012 0277-786X 9780819491473 8446 844689 10.1117/12.926586 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269497 257cd4f2-acba-45fa-9f8c-7b95fbc36fb3 D.C. Morton aut HIA IHA G.W.F. Drake aut 27th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions, ICPEAC 2011, 27 July 2011 through 2 August 2011, Belfast text article eng We have calculated spin-forbidden transition rates in neutral helium using the spin-orbit and spin-other-orbit Breit-Pauli operators. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Spin orbits Spin other orbits Transition rates Physics Helium 2012 1742-6588 388 PART 15 152019 10.1088/1742-6596/388/15/152019 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269496 73a360f1-1303-4489-b104-04e2f63174ec G. Rousseau aut IMI IMI A. Blouin aut IMI IMI J.-P. Monchalin aut IMI IMI text article eng The detection of ultrasound in photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and ultrasonography (US) usually relies on ultrasonic transducers in contact with the biological tissue. This is a major drawback for important potential applications such as surgery and small animal imaging. Here we report the use of remote optical detection, as used in industrial laser-ultrasonics, to detect ultrasound in biological tissues. This strategy enables non-contact implementation of PAT and US without exceeding laser exposure safety limits. The method uses suitably shaped laser pulses and a confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer in differential configuration to reach quantum-limited sensitivity. Endogenous and exogenous inclusions exhibiting optical and acoustic contrasts were detected ex vivo in chicken breast and calf brain specimens. Inclusions down to 0.5 mm in size were detected at depths well exceeding 1 cm. The method could significantly expand the scope of applications of PAT and US in biomedical imaging. © 2011 Optical Society of America. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Biological tissues Biomedical imaging Chicken breast Confocal Fabry Perot interferometer Differential configuration Ex-vivo Laser exposure Laser ultrasonics Non-contact Optical detection Photoacoustic tomography Potential applications Safety limits Scope of application Shaped laser pulse Small animal imaging Tissue imaging Animals Bioacoustics Laser safety Medical imaging Tissue Ultrasonic applications Ultrasonic transducers Ultrasonics Ultrasonography Photoacoustic effect Animalia Columba 2012 2156-7085 3 1 16 25 10 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Industrial Materials Institute (IMI-IMI) Institut des matériaux industriels du CNRC (IMI-IMI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269483 1c6888d7-f239-4978-8996-2ce57068dd04 A. Chibeu aut E.J. Lingohr aut L. Masson aut BRI IRB A. Manges aut J. Harel aut H.-W. Ackermann aut A.M. Kropinski aut P. Boerlin aut text article eng Escherichia coli-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans. UTIs are usually managed with antibiotic therapy, but over the years, antibiotic-resistant strains of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) have emerged. The formation of biofilms further complicates the treatment of these infections by making them resistant to killing by the host immune system as well as by antibiotics. This has encouraged research into therapy using bacteriophages (phages) as a supplement or substitute for antibiotics. In this study we characterized 253 UPEC in terms of their biofilm-forming capabilities, serotype, and antimicrobial resistance. Three phages were then isolated (vB_EcoP_ACG-C91, vB_EcoM_ACG-C40 and vB_EcoS_ACG-M12) which were able to lyse 80.5% of a subset (42) of the UPEC strains able to form biofilms. Correlation was established between phage sensitivity and specific serotypes of the UPEC strains. The phages' genome sequences were determined and resulted in classification of vB_EcoP_ACG-C91 as a SP6likevirus, vB_EcoM_ACG-C40 as a T4likevirus and vB_EcoS_ACG-M12 as T1likevirus. We assessed the ability of the three phages to eradicate the established biofilm of one of the UPEC strains used in the study. All phages significantly reduced the biofilm within 2-12 h of incubation. © 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid ampicillin cefoxitin ceftiofur ceftriaxone chloramphenicol ciprofloxacin cotrimoxazole kanamycin nalidixic acid streptomycin sulfafurazole tetracycline antibiotic resistance antibiotic sensitivity article bacterial genome bacterial strain bacterial virulence bacteriophage bacterium isolate biofilm controlled study DNA sequence genetic variability nonhuman nucleotide sequence serotype uropathogenic Escherichia coli Anti-Bacterial Agents Bacteriolysis Biofilms Coliphages DNA, Viral Female Genome, Viral Genotype Humans Microbial Sensitivity Tests Molecular Sequence Data Sequence Analysis, DNA Serotyping Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Bacteria (microorganisms) Escherichia coli 2012 1999-4915 4 4 471 487 17 10.3390/v4040471 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI-IRB) Institut de recherche en biotechnologie du CNRC (IRB-BRI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269490 cd31fc33-a62c-4a9a-9f83-652ba19b6aaa D.G. Turner aut HIA IHA D.J. Majaess aut HIA IHA D.J. Lane aut D.D. Balam aut HIA IHA W.P. Gieren aut J. Storm aut D.W. Forbes aut R.J. Havlen aut B. Alessi aut text article eng The parameters for the newly discovered open cluster Alessi 95 are established on the basis of available photometric and spectroscopic data, in conjunction with new observations. Colour excesses for spectroscopically observed B- and A-type stars near SU Cas follow a reddening relation described by E(U-B)/E(B-V) = 0.83 + 0.02E(B-V), implying a value of R=A V/E(B-V) ≃ 2.8 for the associated dust. Alessi 95 has a mean reddening of E(B-V)(B0) = 0.35 ± 0.02s.e., an intrinsic distance modulus of V 0-M V= 8.16 ± 0.04s.e. (±0.21s.d.), d= 429 ± 8pc, and an estimated age of 10 8.2yr from zero-age main sequence (ZAMS) fitting of available UBV, CCD BV, NOMAD, and Two Micron All Sky Survey JHK s observations of cluster stars. SU Cas is a likely cluster member, with an inferred space reddening of E(B-V) = 0.33 ± 0.02 and a luminosity of 〈M V〉=-3.15 ± 0.07s.e., consistent with overtone pulsation (P FM= 2.75d), as also implied by the Cepheid's light-curve parameters, rate of period increase and Hipparcos parallaxes for cluster stars. There is excellent agreement of the distance estimates for SU Cas inferred from cluster ZAMS fitting, its pulsation parallax derived from the infrared surface brightness technique and Hipparcos parallaxes, which all agree to within a few per cent. © 2012 The Authors. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2012 RAS. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0035-8711 422 3 2501 2509 9 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20806.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269491 fbf2c200-8554-4052-ad83-015125ae9c0b M.B. Bell aut HIA IHA text article eng Recently Alexander and Gulyaev have suggested that the apparent decrease in impact broadening of radio recombination lines seen at high principal quantum number n may be a product of the data reduction process, possibly resulting from the presence of noise on the telescope spectra that is not present on the calculated comparison spectra. This is an interesting proposal. However, there are serious problems with their analysis that need to be pointed out. Perhaps the most important of these is the fact that for principal quantum numbers below n=200, where the widths are not in question, their processed generated profile widths do not fit the widths of the processed lines obtained at the telescope. After processing, the halfwidths of the generated and telescope profiles must agree below n=200 if we are to believe that the processed generated linewidths above n=200 are meaningful. Theirs do not. Furthermore, we find that after applying the linewidth reduction factors found by Alexander and Gulyaev for their noise added profiles to our generated profiles to simulate their noise adding effect, the processed widths we obtain still do not come close to explaining the narrowing seen in the telescope lines for n values in the range 200 < n < 250. It is concluded that what is needed to solve this mystery is a completely new approach using a different observing technique instead of simply a further manipulation of the frequency-switched data. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-640X 340 1 127 131 5 10.1007/s10509-012-1042-5 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269492 3176f40b-94af-4da5-a0c0-bc25b52fca33 A. Akinturk aut IOT ITO M.F. Islam aut B. Veitch aut P. Liu aut IOT ITO text article eng This paper presents results and analyses of an experimental study into the effects of static and dynamic azimuthing conditions on the propulsive characteristics of a puller podded unit in open water. The model propulsor was instrumented to measure thrust and torque of the propeller, three orthogonal forces and moments on the unit, rotational speed of the propeller, azimuthing angle and azimuthing rate. The model was first tested over a range of advance coefficients at various static azimuthing angles in the range of-180° to 180°. These tests were followed by tests in which the azimuthing angle was varied dynamically at certain azimuthing rate and propeller rotational speed. A comparative study of the performance coefficients at static and dynamic azimuthing conditions in the range of-180° to 180° is presented. The performance coefficients of the propeller and the pod unit showed a strong dependence on the propeller loading and azimuthing angle. The coefficients in static azimuthing conditions fit well with a 10th order polynomial fit of the data obtained in the dynamic azimuthing condition in the corresponding azimuthing angles and advance coefficient. An uncertainty analysis of the measurements is also presented. © 2012-IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Azimuthing Comparative studies Experimental studies Global forces Open water Order polynomials Performance coefficients Podded propulsors Propulsive performance Propulsors Rotational speed Static and dynamic Thrust and torques Loading Uncertainty analysis Propellers 2012 0020-868X 59 1-Feb 83 106 24 10.3233/ISP-2012-0080 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Ocean Technology (IOT-ITO) Institut des technologies océaniques du CNRC (ITO-IOT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269493 71ddf865-3733-42bf-88f7-d60aeceda361 K. Kemmerich aut IBS ISB F.A. Dingler aut C. Rada aut M.S. Neuberger aut text article eng Deamination of cytosine (C), 5-methylcytosine (mC) and 5- hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC) occurs spontaneously in mammalian DNA with several hundred deaminations occurring in each cell every day. The resulting potentially mutagenic mispairs of uracil (U), thymine (T) or 5-hydroxymethyluracil (hmU) with guanine (G) are substrates for repair by various DNA glycosylases. Here,weshowthat targetedinactivation of the mouse Smug1 DNA glycosylase gene is sufficient to ablate nearly all hmU-DNA excision activity as judged by assay of tissue extracts from knockout mice as well as by the resistance of their embryo fibroblasts to 5-hydroxymethyldeoxyuridine toxicity. Inactivation of Smug1 when combined with inactivation of the Ung uracil-DNA glycosylase gene leads to a loss of nearly all detectable uracil excision activity. Thus, SMUG1 is the dominant glycosylase responsible for hmU-excision in mice as well as the major UNG-backup for U-excision. Both Smug1-knockout and Smug1/Ung-double knockout mice breed normally and remain apparently healthy beyond 1 year of age. However, combined deficiency in SMUG1 and UNG exacerbates the cancer predisposition of Msh2-/- mice suggesting that when both base excision and mismatch repair pathways are defective, the mutagenic effects of spontaneous cytosine deamination are sufficient to increase cancer incidence but do not preclude mouse development. © 2012 The Author(s). yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 5 hydroxymethyluracil DNA glycosyltransferase protein SMUG1 protein UNG unclassified drug uracil animal cell animal tissue article cancer susceptibility controlled study deamination embryo enzyme activity gene gene inactivation knockout mouse male mouse MSH2 gene nonhuman priority journal SMUG1 gene ung gene Animals beta-Galactosidase Cell Line DNA Repair Fibroblasts Fluorouracil Gene Targeting Genetic Predisposition to Disease Longevity Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Knockout MutS Homolog 2 Protein Neoplasms, Experimental Pentoxyl Thymidine Uracil-DNA Glycosidase Mammalia Mus 2012 0305-1048 40 13 6016 6025 10 10.1093/nar/gks259 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) gold access 21269494 d041f676-5a4e-4352-b0d3-490588012617 Juris Meija aut MSS SME Lu Yang aut MSS SME Zoltan Mester Mester, Zoltán aut MSS SME Ralph Edward Sturgeon Sturgeon, Ralph E. aut MSS SME text chapter eng yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; multi-collector; isotope ratio; instrumental mass discrimination; calibration; double spike. uncertainty 2012 9783527328963 113 137 25 10.1002/9783527650484.ch5 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269499 fbfef87a-d857-4293-8c02-71e489f3b1ca P. Bose aut M. Damian aut K. DouÏeb aut J. O'Rourke aut B. Seamone aut M. Smid aut S. Wuhrer aut IIT ITI text article eng We show that the Yao graph Y 4 in the L 2 metric is a spanner with stretch factor 8√2(26 + 23√2 ). Enroute to this, we also show that the Yao graph Y ∞4 in the L ∞ metric is a plane spanner with stretch factor 8. © 2012 World Scientific Publishing Company. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0218-1959 22 1 61 82 22 10.1142/S0218195912600047 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Information Technology (IIT-ITI) Institut de technologie de l'information du CNRC (ITI-IIT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269501 5635c28f-a824-4d7d-9ad8-4095db5153e6 M.H. Jobehdar aut A.H. Gadallah aut K. Siddiqui aut W.A. Chishty aut AERO AERO ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting, FEDSM 2012 Collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conf. and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and M, FEDSM 2012, 8 July 2012 through 12 July 2012, Rio Grande text article eng Gas injection into a liquid cross flow from a nozzle causes bubble formations which have potential applications in industry such as chemical plants, waste water treatment and bio- and nuclear-reactors. The purpose of this study is to experimentally investigate the effects of nozzle shape and configuration with respect to the liquid cross-flow direction, on the bubbly flow characteristics such as bubble formation, detached bubble size and frequency at different gas and liquid flow rates. The experiments were conducted in a Plexiglas two-dimensional rig using a high speed camera. High speed imaging and an image processing algorithm were used to track each individual bubble and to quantify the bubble growth as well as the detachment frequency and the bubble velocity. Back light shadowgraphy which utilizes a low intensity diffuse light source to illuminate the background was used to image bubbles. Nozzles were mounted in the test section which was designed such that the flow in this section has a two-dimensional profile. The results showed that the bubble size increases with an increase in GLR (gas to liquid flow rates ratio). Furthermore, the bubble formations and detached bubble size were strongly influenced by the nozzle shape and configuration. Copyright © 2012 by ASME. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Bubble velocities Cross-flow direction Gas and liquid flows Gas to liquids High speed imaging Image processing algorithm Low-intensity Two-dimensional profiles Bubble formation Chemical plants Flow rate Heat transfer High speed cameras Image processing Light sources Microchannels Nozzles Two dimensional Liquids 2012 0888-8116 9780791844755 1 PARTS A AND B 1205 1209 5 10.1115/FEDSM2012-72313 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269503 9e9acfb0-64c2-432e-b952-75b4acaa48c5 Abu Syed Humaun Kabir Kabir, A.S.H. aut IAR IRA Xinjin Cao Cao, X. aut IAR IRA Priti Wanjara Wanjara, P. aut IAR IRA J. Cuddy aut A. Birur aut M. Medraj aut text article eng Owing to the high specific strength and excellent corrosion resistance, Ti-6Al-4V has been widely applied in aerospace industries. In this study, the welding performance of 3·2 and 5·1 mm thick Ti-6Al-4V sheets was studied using a 4 kW continuous wave Nd:YAG laser. It is found that the use of filler wire, matching the parent metal composition, can bridge the joint gap and produce full penetrated welds up to a width of 0·6 mm without cracking. The laser welds were characterised in terms of the bead geometry, defects, microstructures and hardness. With increasing joint gap, the percent porosity area increased, reaching just over 1% of the fusion zone area at a gap width of 0·6 mm for the 3·2 and 5·1 mm thick sheets. The maximum underfill depth in the Ti-6Al-4V laser welds was about 5%or 7%of the sheet thickness for the 3·2 and5·2 mmthick materials, respectively, meeting the AWS D17-1 specification. The microindentation hardness was maximum in the fusion zone and sharply decreased through the heat affected zone until reaching the base metal value. © 2012 Crown in Right of Canada. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Base metals Bead geometry Continuous Wave Excellent corrosion resistances Filler addition Filler wire Fusion zones Gap widths High specific strength Joint gap Laser welds Microindentation hardness ND : YAG lasers Parent metal Sheet thickness Thick sheets Ti alloys Ti-6al-4v Underfills Aerospace industry Aluminum Corrosion resistance Hardness Laser beam welding Mechanical properties Microstructure Titanium alloys Welds Neodymium lasers 2012 0008-4433 51 3 320 327 8 10.1179/1879139512Y.0000000016 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Aerospace Research Institut de recherche aérospatiale du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269504 2a10c64b-10e6-4794-b88e-fcdb6fc388ff S. Van Den Bergh aut HIA IHA text article eng Lenticular galaxies with M B < -21.5 are almost exclusively unbarred, whereas both barred and unbarred objects occur at fainter luminosity levels. This effect is observed both for objects classified in blue light, and for those that were classified in the infrared. This result suggests that the most luminous (massive) S0 galaxies find it difficult to form bars. As a result, the mean luminosity of unbarred lenticular galaxies in both B and IR light is observed to be 0.4mag brighter than that of barred lenticulars. A small contribution to the observed luminosity difference that is found between SA0 and SB0 galaxies may also be due to the fact that there is an asymmetry between the effects of small classification errors on SA0 and SB0 galaxies. An elliptical (E) galaxy might be misclassified as a lenticular (S0) or an S0 as an E. However, an E will never be misclassified as an SB0, nor will an SB0 ever be called an E. This asymmetry is important because E galaxies are typically twice as luminous as S0 galaxies. The present results suggest that the evolution of luminous lenticular galaxies may be closely linked to that of elliptical galaxies, whereas fainter lenticulars might be more closely associated with ram-pressure stripped spiral galaxies. Finally, it is pointed out that fine details of the galaxy formation process might account for some of the differences between the classifications of the same galaxy by individual competent morphologists. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-637X 754 1 68 10.1088/0004-637X/754/1/68 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269488 64c42f06-0533-46ec-b3c9-f0279d82b57f J.A. Gupta aut IMS ISM P.J. Barrios aut IMS ISM A. Bezinger aut IMS ISM P. Waldron aut IMS ISM 2012 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2012, 6 May 2012 through 11 May 2012, San Jose, CA text article eng Narrow ridge waveguide (5um) laser diodes were fabricated using type-I InGaAsSb/AlInGaAsSb quantum well active regions on GaSb. The devices operate in continuous-wave mode near 3254nm with a total light output of 7.4mW at 20°C (uncoated facets). © 2012 OSA. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Active regions Continuous wave modes Continuous wave operation InGaAsSb Light output Ridge waveguide lasers Gallium alloys Lasers Ridge waveguides Quantum well lasers 2012 9781467318396 6325436 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269466 eac845fa-4512-40c6-adac-5e16dbd1a373 A.J. King aut Q. Deng aut IBD IBD R. Tyson aut IBD IBD J.C. Sharp aut IBD IBD J. Matwiy aut IBD IBD B. Tomanek aut IBD IBD J.F. Dunn aut text article eng Open-bore MRI scanners allow joint soft tissue to be imaged over a large, uninterrupted range of flexion. Using an open-bore scanner, 3D para-sagittal images of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) were collected from seven healthy subjects in unloaded, recumbent knee extension and flexion. PCL length was measured from one 2D MRI slice partition per flexion angle, per subject. The anterior surface of the PCL lengthened significantly between extension and flexion (p<0.001). Conversely, the posterior surface did not. Changes were not due to the PCL moving relative to the 2D slice partition; measurements made from 3D reconstructions, which compensated for PCL movement, did not differ significantly from measurements made from 2D slice partitions. In a second experiment, videos of knee flexion were made by imaging two subjects at several flexion angles. Videos allowed soft tissue tracking; examples are included. In a third experiment, unloaded knees of seven healthy, recumbent subjects were imaged at extension and at 40°, 70°, 90°, 100°, 110° and 120° flexion. The distance between PCL attachments increased between extension and 100°, and then decreased (p<0.001). The anterior surface of the PCL lengthened over the flexion angles measured (p<0.01). The posterior surface of the PCL lengthened between extension and 40° and then shortened (p<0.001). Both attachment separation and anterior surface length increased dramatically between extension and 40°, but varied less afterwards. Results indicate that PCL dynamics differ between terminal extension and active function sub-arcs. Also, attachment separation cannot predict the lengthening of all parts of the PCL, nor can lengthening of one part of the PCL predict the lengthening of another part. A potential connection between lengthening and loading is discussed. We conclude that low-field MRI can assess ligament lengthening during flexion, and that the dynamics of the PCL for any given region and sub-arc should be measured directly. © 2012 King et al. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes adult article controlled study eye tracking female human human experiment human tissue image analysis image reconstruction in vivo study knee knee extension knee function knee ligament ligament lengthening male movement (physiology) musculoskeletal system parameters normal human nuclear magnetic resonance imaging nuclear magnetic resonance scanner open bore nuclear magnetic resonance imaging partition coefficient soft tissue videorecording Adult Biomechanics Female Humans Knee Knee Joint Magnetic Resonance Imaging Posterior Cruciate Ligament Video Recording 2012 1932-6203 7 11 e48714 10.1371/journal.pone.0048714 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biodiagnostics (IBD-IBD) Institut du biodiagnostic du CNRC (IBD-IBD) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269469 0ff28023-969b-4297-81b5-f94f80194a96 E.P. Lozowski aut K. Szilder aut AERO AERO S. Maw aut 22nd International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, ISOPE-2012, 17 June 2012 through 22 June 2012, Rhodes text article eng The FAST 2.0 model of ice friction was developed for a vertically oriented speed skate. The model is therefore left-right symmetrical about a vertical plane parallel to the sliding direction. It describes ice friction at sliding velocities sufficiently high to produce a lubricating layer of meltwater, which completely separates the ice and slider surfaces. Friction results from ploughing a groove in the ice and from the shear stress in the lubricating Couette flow. The model takes into account frictional melting, heat conduction into the ice and the lateral squeeze flow of the lubricating liquid. Here we present a new, numerical model, FAST 2.0i, which calculates ice friction for an inclined runner that is incising into the ice. Specifically, we consider an inclined speed skate blade and we use it to predict the variation of ice friction during a typical skating stroke. The model results compare favorably with in situ measurements. Copyright © 2012 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE). yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Couette flows Frictional melting Ice friction In-situ measurement Model results Sliding direction Sliding velocities Squeeze flow Theory Vertical plane Friction Lubrication Models Physics Recreational facilities Ice 2012 1098-6189 9781880653944 1243 1251 9 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269473 8c6a6556-d3fc-4f87-b0cb-6aa5649b1077 J.P. Singh aut J. Almirall aut M. Sabsabi aut IMI IMI A.W. Miziolek aut text article eng This feature issue highlights the topics of the 2011 North American Symposium on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (NASLIBS). These include LIBS application to Security and Forensic, Biomedical and Environmental, Liquid Analysis and Fundamentals of LIBS, Instrumentation/Commercialization, Fusion with LIBS, and New Frontiers. © 2012 Optical Society of America. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes editorial environmental monitoring equipment design instrumentation laser methodology organization spectroscopy Congresses as Topic Environmental Monitoring Equipment Design Lasers Spectrum Analysis North American Optics Molecular physics 2012 0003-6935 51 7 LIBS1 LIBS2 10.1364/AO.51.0LIBS1 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Industrial Materials Institute (IMI-IMI) Institut des matériaux industriels du CNRC (IMI-IMI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269475 9d28cd88-0cdb-4798-8a5d-d8ce2d04e7af A. Mert aut K. Buehler aut G.R. Sutherland aut B. Tomanek aut IBD IBD G. Widhalm aut G. Kasprian aut E. Knosp aut S. Wolfsberger aut text article eng BACKGROUND:: Precise lesion localization is necessary for neurosurgical procedures not only during the operative approach, but also during the preoperative planning phase. OBJECTIVE:: To evaluate the advantages of 3-dimensional (3-D) brain surface visualization over conventional 2-dimensional (2-D) magnetic resonance images for surgical planning and intraoperative guidance in brain tumor surgery. METHODS:: Preoperative 3-D brain surface visualization was performed with neurosurgical planning software in 77 cases (58 gliomas, 7 cavernomas, 6 meningiomas, and 6 metastasis). Direct intraoperative navigation on the 3-D brain surface was additionally performed in the last 20 cases with a neurosurgical navigation system. For brain surface reconstruction, patient-specific anatomy was obtained from MR imaging and brain volume was extracted with skull stripping or watershed algorithms, respectively. Three-dimensional visualization was performed by direct volume rendering in both systems. To assess the value of 3-D brain surface visualization for topographic lesion localization, a multiple-choice test was developed. To assess accuracy and reliability of 3-D brain surface visualization for intraoperative orientation, we topographically correlated superficial vessels and gyral anatomy on 3-D brain models with intraoperative images. RESULTS:: The rate of correct lesion localization with 3-D was significantly higher (P = .001, χ), while being significantly less time consuming (P < .001, χ) compared with 2-D images. Intraoperatively, visual correlation was found between the 3-D images, superficial vessels, and gyral anatomy. CONCLUSION:: The proposed method of 3-D brain surface visualization is fast, clinically reliable for preoperative anatomic lesion localization and patient-specific planning, and, together with navigation, improves intraoperative orientation in brain tumor surgery and is relatively independent of brain shift. © 2012 by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes article brain metastasis brain size brain tumor cancer surgery cavernoma controlled study glioma human intermethod comparison major clinical study meningioma nuclear magnetic resonance imaging preoperative evaluation priority journal three dimensional imaging treatment planning Algorithms Brain Neoplasms Humans Imaging, Three-Dimensional Neuronavigation Software 2012 0148-396X 71 SUPPL.2 ons286 ons294 10.1227/NEU.0b013e31826a8a75 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biodiagnostics (IBD-IBD) Institut du biodiagnostic du CNRC (IBD-IBD) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269476 13d5ae09-1234-483a-bb04-b97e874ac2b9 C. Alcorn aut M. Cuperlovic-Culf aut IIT ITI K. Ghandi aut 25th High Performance Computing Symposium 2011, HPCS 2011, 15 June 2011 through 17 June 2011, Montreal, QC text article eng One of the main biological markers of the presence of cancer in living patients is an over-expression of total choline (tCho), which is the sum of free choline and its derivatives. 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, or H-MRS, enables the quantification of tCho via its proton spectra, and thus has the potential to be a diagnostic tool for the presence of cancer and an accurate early indicator of the response of cancer to treatment. However, it remains difficult to quantify individual choline derivatives, since they share a large structural similarity ((CH 3) 3-N +-CH 2-CH 2-O-), of which the strongest signal detectable by MRS is that of the choline "head group": the three methyl groups bonded to the nitrogen. This work used ACENet, a high performance computing system, to attempt to model the NMR parameters of choline derivatives, with the focus of this report being free choline. Optimized structures were determined using Density Functional Theory and the B3LYP electron correlation functional. The Polarizable Continuum Model was used to evaluate solvent effects. The Gauge-Invariant Atomic Orbital method was found to be the superior method for calculating the NMR parameters of cholines. © IOP Publishing Ltd. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Atomic orbital Biological markers Correlation functionals Diagnostic tools Experimental data Head groups High performance computing systems Methyl group NMR chemical shifts Optimized structures Over-expression Polarizable continuum model Proton spectra Solvent effects Structural similarity Continuum mechanics Functional groups Magnetic resonance spectroscopy Quantum chemistry Diseases 2012 1742-6588 341 1 12013 10.1088/1742-6596/341/1/012013 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Information Technology (IIT-ITI) Institut de technologie de l'information du CNRC (ITI-IIT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269478 5d48104e-c959-4f96-8a71-602f913e5d75 K.T. Maik aut C.R. MacKenzie aut IBS ISB text article eng High avidity, pentameric, single-domain antibodies, oligomerized through the B subunit of verotoxin, are excellent immunohistochemical reagents. The resulting molecules are termed pentabodies. Here, we describe the immunostaining of tissue sections with ES1, a pentabody recognizing CEACAM6 which is overexpressed in several cancers. The advantages of pentabodies, compared to conventional antibody reagents, in immunohistochemical studies are highlighted. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion molecule 6 nanobody pentabody ES1 unclassified drug antibody specificity antigen expression article cancer tissue embedding human human tissue immunohistochemistry immunoreactivity lung carcinoma priority journal procedures sensitivity and specificity tissue microarray tissue section cytochemistry metabolism methodology neoplasm pathology Histocytochemistry Humans Neoplasms Single-Domain Antibodies 2012 1064-3745 9781617799679 911 523 530 8 10.1007/978-1-61779-968-6-33 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269479 6d43d3cb-6420-4f2a-a180-435d6c3f62c8 L. Jiang aut AERO AERO A. Corber aut AERO AERO text article eng In order to assess the remaining life of gas turbine critical components, it is vital to accurately define the aerothermodynamic working environments and service histories. As a part of a major multidisciplinary collaboration program, a benchmark modeling on a practical gas turbine combustor is successfully carried out, and the two-phase, steady, turbulent, compressible, reacting flow fields at both cruise and takeoff are obtained. The results show the complicated flow features inside the combustor. The airflow over each flow element of the combustor can or liner is not evenly distributed, and considerable variations, ±25, around the average values, are observed. It is more important to note that the temperatures at the combustor can and cooling wiggle strips vary significantly, which can significantly affect fatigue life of engine critical components. The present study suggests that to develop an adequate aerothermodynamics tool, it is necessary to carry out a further systematic study, including validation of numerical results, simulations at typical engine operating conditions, and development of simple correlations between engine operating conditions and component working environments. As an ultimate goal, the cost and time of gas turbine engine fleet management must be significantly reduced. © 2012 Leiyong Jiang and Andrew Corber. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Critical component Engine operating conditions Gas turbine combustor Multi-disciplinary collaborations Numerical results Reacting flow field Systematic study Working environment Engines Fatigue of materials Fleet operations Flow fields Gas turbines Thermodynamics Combustors 2012 1687-5966 217463 10.1155/2012/217463 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269480 b0b45691-93e0-4b9d-862a-736ce0f02332 J. Kumaran aut IBS ISB C.R. MacKenzie aut IBS ISB M. Arbabi-Ghahroudi aut IBS ISB text article eng With the identification of vast numbers of novel proteins through genomic and proteomic initiatives, the need for efficient processes to characterize and target them has increased. Antibodies are naturally designed molecules that can fulfill this need, and in vitro methodologies for isolating them from either immune or naïve sources have been extensively developed. However, access to pure protein antigens for screening purposes is a major hurdle due to the limitations associated with recombinant production of eukaryotic proteins. Consequently, rational peptide design based on proteomic methodologies such as protein modeling, secondary sequence prediction, and hydrophobicity/ hydrophilicity prediction, in combination with other bioinformatics data, is being explored as a viable solution to isolate specific antibodies against difficult antigens. Single-domain antibodies are becoming the ideal antibody format due to their structural advantages and ease of production compared to conventional antibodies and antibody fragments derived from conventional antibodies. For screening purposes, phage display technology is a well-established technique. With this technique, a repertoire of antibody fragments can be displayed on the surface of filamentous phages (f1, fd, M13) followed by screening against various antigenic targets. Furthermore, the technique can be expanded to a high-throughput scale using a magnetic-based, in-solution panning protocol which allows for the screening of multiple target antigens simultaneously. In this chapter, we describe a semiautomated panning method to screen a naïve Camelidae library against rationally designed peptide antigens, followed by preliminary characterization of isolated binders. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes antigen nanobody peptide antigen unclassified drug peptide antibody library antigen binding antigen expression antigen purification article Artiodactyla biopanning Camelidae controlled study epitope mapping nonhuman phage display priority journal protein protein interaction screening test semiautomated panning method animal antibody affinity Artiodactyla cell surface display chemistry genetics immunology isolation and purification laboratory automation methodology peptide library Animals Antibody Affinity Antigens Automation, Laboratory Camelids, New World Cell Surface Display Techniques Peptide Library Peptides Single-Domain Antibodies 2012 1064-3745 9781617799679 911 105 124 20 10.1007/978-1-61779-968-6-7 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269482 cc8da3e7-13b1-4937-acb9-68ca729145d9 I.I. Shapiro aut N. Bartel aut M.F. Bietenholz aut D.E. Lebach aut J.-F. Lestrade aut R.R. Ransom aut HIA IHA M.I. Ratner aut text article eng We describe the NASA/Stanford gyroscope relativity mission, Gravity Probe B (GP-B), and provide an overview of the following series of six astrometric and astrophysical papers that report on our radio observations and analyses made in support of this mission. The main goal of this 8.5year program of differential very long baseline interferometry astrometry was to determine the proper motion of the guide star of the GP-B mission, the RS CVn binary IM Pegasi (IM Peg; HR 8703). This proper motion is determined with respect to compact, extragalactic reference sources. The results are -20.833 ± 0.090masyr -1 and -27.267 ± 0.095masyr -1 for, respectively, the right ascension and declination, in local Cartesian coordinates, of IM Peg's proper motion, and 10.370 ± 0.074mas (i.e., 96.43 ± 0.69pc) for its parallax (and distance). Each quoted uncertainty is meant to represent an 70% confidence interval that includes the estimated contribution from systematic error. These results are accurate enough not to discernibly degrade the GP-B estimates of its gyroscopes' relativistic precessions: the frame-dragging and geodetic effects. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0067-0049 201 1 1 10.1088/0067-0049/201/1/1 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269484 efea4a6f-e0c7-4dbb-b66f-b7bd031a759b Q. Gu aut NINT INNT J.Z. Xing aut M. Huang aut C. He aut J. Chen aut NINT INNT text article eng 7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (Pluronic F-108) and poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly("-caprolactone) (PEG-b-PCL) nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a modified film hydration method and characterized by scanning electric microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Satisfactory drug loading of 20.73 ± 0.66% and a high encapsulation efficiency of 83:83 ± 1:32% were achieved. The SN-38 nanoparticles (SN-38 NPs) can completely disperse into a phosphate buffered saline (PBS) medium to produce a clear aqueous suspension that remains stable for up to three days. Total drug releases were 67.91% and 91.09% after 24 h in a PBS or fetal bovine serum (FBS) medium. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) tests of SN-38 and SN-38 NPs on A549 lung cells produced results of 200.0±14.9 ng ml -1 and 80.0±4.6 ng ml -1, respectively. Similarly, IC50 tests of SN-38 and SN-38 NPs on MCF-7 breast cells yielded results of 16.0 ± 0.7 ng ml -1 and 8.0 ± 0.5 ng ml -1, respectively. These in vitro IC 50 studies show significant (p < 0.01) enhancement of the SN-38 NP drug efficiency in killing cancer cells in comparison to the free drug SN-38 control. All the materials used for this nanoformulation are approved by the US FDA, with the virtue of extremely low toxicity to normal cells. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Aqueous suspensions Cancer cells Cancer therapy Caprolactone Drug loading Drug release Encapsulation efficiency Fetal bovine serum Hydration method In-vitro Inhibitory concentration Low toxicity Lung cells Modified film Phosphate-buffered salines Pluronics Polymeric micelle Propylene glycols Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) Atomic force microscopy Dynamic light scattering Encapsulation Loading Nanoparticles Transmission electron microscopy Polyethylene glycols antineoplastic agent camptothecin drug derivative irinotecan nanocapsule apoptosis article cell survival chemistry diffusion drug effect experimental neoplasm human metabolism micelle tumor cell culture Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic Apoptosis Camptothecin Cell Survival Diffusion Humans Micelles Nanocapsules Neoplasms, Experimental Tumor Cells, Cultured 2012 0957-4484 23 20 205101 10.1088/0957-4484/23/20/205101 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Institute for Nanotechnology (NINT-INNT) Institut national de nanotechnologie (INNT-NINT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269485 7a32c2f4-ed33-4747-b065-75df8c14a016 G. Pariani aut D. Tresoldi aut P. Spanò aut HIA IHA A. Bianco aut Modern Technologies in Space- and Ground-Based Telescopes and Instrumentation II, 1 July 2012 through 6 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng 2012 We describe the optical test of a large flat based on a spherical mirror and a dedicated CGH. The spherical mirror, which can be accurately manufactured and tested in absolute way, allows to obtain a quasi collimated light beam, and the hologram performs the residual wavefront correction. Alignment tools for the spherical mirror and the hologram itself are encoded in the CGH. Sensitivity to fabrication errors and alignment has been evaluated. Tests to verify the effectiveness of our approach are now under execution. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes CGH Collimated light Computer generated holograms Fabrication errors Flat mirrors Optical test Spherical mirror Test Wavefront correction Alignment Computer generated holography Holograms Interferometers Mirrors Optical telescopes Spheres Telescopes Optical testing 9780819491510 84500Z 0277-786X 8450 10.1117/12.927064 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269472 a0e346bd-0610-4802-af3b-6b399940b0ec K.-T. Wu aut IMI IMI Z. Sun aut IMI IMI C.-K. Jen aut IMI IMI A. Blouin aut IMI IMI N. Mrad aut H. Bélanger aut Nondestructive Characterization for Composite Materials, Aerospace Engineering, Civil Infrastructure, and Homeland Security 2012, 12 March 2012 through 15 March 2012, San Diego, CA text article eng 2012 A naturally cracked aircraft stabilizer former has been examined. By using surface shear horizontal diagnostic acoustic waves and a multi-point detection approach, a fretting crack, 0.2-inch long, 0.03-inch deep and at 0.06-inch to a rivet hole has been clearly identified. The proposed approach provides a simple way to interpret sensor output without imposing demanding transducer performance requirements. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Aircraft components Aircraft stabilizers Detection approach Performance requirements Rivet hole Sensor output Shear horizontal waves Surface shear Ultrasonic detection Acoustics Aerospace engineering Crack detection Nondestructive examination Optical engineering Shear flow Ultrasonic testing Fretting corrosion 9780819490049 834710 0277-786X 8347 10.1117/12.915382 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Industrial Materials Institute (IMI-IMI) Institut des matériaux industriels du CNRC (IMI-IMI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269481 a48e93fd-4580-4785-bb40-8db974cb6a6f É. Artigau aut F. Bouchy aut X. Delfosse aut X. Bonfils aut J.-F. Donati aut P. Figueira aut K. Thanjavur aut D. Lafrenière aut R. Doyon aut C. Surace aut C. Moutou aut I. Boisse aut L. Saddlemyer aut HIA IHA D. Loop aut D. Kouach aut F. Pepe aut C. Lovis aut O. Hernandez aut S.-Y. Wang aut Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy II, 1 July 2012 through 4 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng SPIRou is a near-infrared, echelle spectropolarimeter/velocimeter under design for the 3.6m Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. The unique scientific capabilities and technical design features are described in the accompanying papers at this conference. In this paper we focus on the data reduction software (DRS) and the data simulation tool. The SPIRou DRS builds upon the experience of the existing SOPHIE, HARPS and ESPADONS spectrographs; class-leaders instruments for high-precision RV measurements and spectropolarimetry. While SPIRou shares many characteristics with these instruments, moving to the near-infrared domain brings specific data-processing challenges: the presence of a large number of telluric absorption lines, strong emission sky lines, thermal background, science arrays with poorer cosmetics, etc. In order for the DRS to be fully functional for SPIRou's first light in 2015, we developed a data simulation tool that incorporates numerous instrumental and observational effects. We present an overview of the DRS and the simulation tool architectures. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Absorption lines Data simulation Echelle Exo-planets High-precision Instrumentation Near Infrared Near-infrared domains Reduction software Spectropolarimeters Spectropolarimetry Technical design Thermal background Astronomy Data processing Data reduction Infrared devices Instruments Polarimeters Spectroscopy Tools 2012 0277-786X 9780819491527 8451 84513I 10.1117/12.926334 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269468 87b9b560-b30f-4d5b-b0f6-2ba86337aebd J.P. Murphy aut IMB IBM P.D. Côté aut D.M. Pinto aut IMB IBM text article eng Cancer cells dramatically alter their metabolism in order to increase the production rate of intermediates required for nucleic and fatty acid biosynthesis in rapidly proliferating cells. While not well understood, dysregulation of oncogenes and tumour suppressors appears to result in the altered expression of specific isoforms of glycolysis proteins. A full understanding of glycolytic alterations in cancer through a systems biology approach requires tools to observe changes in the set of proteins that make up the glycolytic proteome. We propose that a targeted proteomics approach employing multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) is an excellent strategy to quantitatively monitor sets of proteins, such as those making up the glycolytic proteome. MRM is particularly well suited to proteins of glycolysis as they are of moderate to high abundance. Such systems-based efforts provide a means to understand the mechanisms for an altered glycolytic proteome in cancer, perhaps leading to novel drug targets and metabolic signatures for use in cancer prognosis. ©2012 Bentham Science Publishers. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes glucose glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase hexokinase hexokinase 2 hypoxia inducible factor 1 immunoglobulin enhancer binding protein mammalian target of rapamycin Myc protein phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5 trisphosphate 3 phosphatase protein kinase B protein p53 pyruvate kinase pyruvate kinase M2 reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate unclassified drug alternative RNA splicing apoptosis article cancer metabolism cancer prognosis cell metabolism cell proliferation computer model computer prediction fatty acid synthesis functional proteomics gene expression regulation gene overexpression gene targeting glucose transport glycolysis human liquid chromatography liquid chromatography multiple reaction monitoring malignant neoplastic disease metabolic rate metabolism monitoring nonhuman nucleic acid synthesis priority journal protein protein interaction tumor microenvironment Warburg effect 2012 1570-1646 9 1 26 39 14 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Marine Biosciences (IMB-IBM) Institut des biosciences marines du CNRC (IBM-IMB) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269462 79abda0d-af9d-4dd8-a3e4-6e9d0802908f M. Dubé aut P. Hubert aut J.N.A.H. Gallet aut D. Stavrov aut H.E.N. Bersee aut A. Yousefpour aut AERO AERO text article eng The objective of this work is to determine the effects of metal mesh heating element size on resistance welding of thermoplastic composites. The materials to be resistance-welded consisted of carbon fiber/poly-ether-ketone- ketone (CF/PEKK), carbon fiber/poly-ether-imide (CF/PEI) and glass fiber/PEI (GF/PEI). Four different metal mesh sizes were used as heating elements. The samples were welded in a lap shear joint configuration and mechanically tested. Maximum Lap Shear Strengths of 52, 47 and 33 MPa were obtained for the CF/PEKK, CF/PEI and GF/PEI specimens, respectively. The ratio of the heating element's fraction of open area and wire diameter was shown to be the most important parameter to be considered when selecting an appropriate heating element size. © The Author(s) 2011. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Joints/joining Lap shear Lap shear strength Metal mesh Size effects Thermoplastic composite Wire diameter Composite materials Ethers Ketones Organic compounds Polymer matrix composites Resistance welding Thermoplastics Welding Electric heating elements Composites Electric Heating Ethers Joining Joints Ketones Thermoplastics Welding 2012 0021-9983 46 8 911 919 9 10.1177/0021998311412986 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269467 8a6c5154-b798-46e2-8ad9-7c233761c7f8 M. Chow aut E.V. Bordatchev aut AUTO AUTO G.K. Knopf aut Micromachining and Microfabrication Process Technology XVII, 24 January 2012 through 26 January 2012, San Francisco, CA text article eng Laser micro-polishing (LμP) is a new laser-based microfabrication technology for improving surface quality during a finishing operation and for producing parts and surfaces with near-optical surface quality. The LμP process uses low power laser energy to melt a thin layer of material on the previously machined surface. The polishing effect is achieved as the molten material in the laser-material interaction zone flows from the elevated regions to the local minimum due to surface tension. This flow of molten material then forms a thin ultra-smooth layer on the top surface. The LμP is a complex thermo-dynamic process where the melting, flow and redistribution of molten material is significantly influenced by a variety of process parameters related to the laser, the travel motions and the material. The goal of this study is to analyze the impact of initial surface parameters on the final surface quality. Ball-end micromilling was used for preparing initial surface of samples from H13 tool steel that were polished using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The height and width of micromilled scallops (waviness) were identified as dominant parameter affecting the quality of the LμPed surface. By adjusting process parameters, the Ra value of a surface, having a waviness period of 33 μm and a peak-to-valley value of 5.9 μm, was reduced from 499 nm to 301 nm, improving the final surface quality by 39.7%. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Experimental analysis Finishing operation H13 tool steel Initial surface microgeometry Laser-material interactions Local minimums Low power laser Machined surface Micro milling Micro-fabrication technology Polishing effects Process parameters Q switched Nd:YAG laser Surface parameter Thin layers Top surface Waviness Composite micromechanics Microanalysis Microfabrication Micromachining Molten materials Polishing Surface roughness Surface tension Tool steel Surfaces 2012 1605-7422 9780819488916 8248 824809 10.1117/12.908137 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Automotive (AUTO-AUTO) Automobile (AUTO-AUTO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269470 882c87a4-6c7b-4018-9f0d-0cb9505a0247 D.Y. Kim aut IBS ISB W. Ding aut IBS ISB J. Tanha aut IBS ISB text article eng Solubility and stability are amongst the factors contributing to the therapeutic efficacy of biologics. Human antibody heavy chain variable domains, VHs, are one class of biologics; improving VH biophysical properties is the focus of significant protein engineering efforts. Here, we describe an efficacy engineering approach which involves the introduction of a disulfide linkage in the VH core and which improves both VH solubility and stability. More specifically, we describe protocols for generation of disulfide engineered human VHs and their characterization in terms of disulfide linkage formation, non-aggregation, and stability. Our solubility/stability engineering approach may be applied to other VHs. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes antibody unclassified drug vh antibody disulfide nanobody article priority journal protein engineering protein stability solubility amino acid sequence chemistry complementarity determining region gene expression genetics human isolation and purification molecular cloning molecular genetics mutation plasmid protein engineering temperature Amino Acid Sequence Cloning, Molecular Complementarity Determining Regions Disulfides Gene Expression Humans Molecular Sequence Data Mutation Plasmids Protein Engineering Protein Stability Single-Domain Antibodies Solubility Temperature 2012 1064-3745 9781617799679 911 355 372 18 10.1007/978-1-61779-968-6-21 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269471 60c55c9c-7090-43c2-a0d6-ce2d3279073d M.Y. Amegadzie aut O.T. Ola aut O.A. Ojo aut Priti Wanjara Wanjara, P. aut AERO AERO M.C. Chaturvedi aut 12th International Symposium on Superalloys, Superalloys 2012, 9 September 2012 through 13 September 2012, Seven Springs, PA text article eng A systematic study of the microstructural response of conventionally cast IN 738 and single crystal CMSX 486 superalloys during linear friction welding was performed. The results revealed that, aside from a significant liquation of various phases that occurred during joining, continuous oxide films formed on the weld lines in both materials. The weld line oxides consisted of aluminum-rich and hafnium-base oxides in IN 738 and CMSX 486 superalloys, respectively, which can be deleterious to the mechanical properties of the weld joint. Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulation showed that the oxides were produced by the oxidation of some liquid exposed to atmospheric oxygen at the mating surfaces of the work pieces. A practicable method of eliminating liquid phase oxidation during linear friction welding of nickel-base superalloys is discussed. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Atmospheric oxygen Conventionally casts Linear friction welding Liquation Liquid-phase oxidation Micro-structural Nickel base superalloy Thermomechanical simulation Compressive stress Friction welding Liquids Mechanical properties Nickel Oxidation Oxide films Thermomechanical treatment Welds Superalloys 2012 9780470943205 587 594 8 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269474 10165179-3f44-4f18-89bd-869b37fadd4f M. Dini aut P.J. Carreau aut T. Mousavand aut M.R. Kamal aut M.-T. Ton-That aut IMI IMI 70th Annual Technical Conference of the Society of Plastics Engineers 2012, ANTEC 2012, 2 April 2012 through 4 April 2012, Orlando, FL text article eng Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanocomposites were prepared via melt compounding of PET using a twin screw extruder. Water was fed to the extruder to assist in intercalation/exfoliation. The ratio between the water and PET feed rates was varied and Cloisite Na +, Cloisite 30B and Nanomer I.238E were used. Wide angle x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheometry were used to characterize the PET nanocomposites. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Cloisite Feed-rates Melt-compounding Rheometry Twin screw extruders Wide angle Xray diffraction Differential scanning calorimetry Plastic products Polyethylene terephthalates Scanning electron microscopy Sodium X ray diffraction Nanocomposites 2012 9781622760831 1 563 568 6 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Industrial Materials Institute (IMI-IMI) Institut des matériaux industriels du CNRC (IMI-IMI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269477 25075a91-401c-4f6d-b4e7-9f3e753db373 P. W. G. Byrnes aut NSI ISN Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, The Netherlands text article eng 2012 The Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, Astronomy Technology Research Group's vibration measurement capabilities include modal test via impulse hammer or electrodynamic exciter, structural response monitoring via piezoelectric accelerometers, and data acquisition via LabVIEW virtual instruments. This paper will review our existing capabilities, and give examples of past and future applications relevant to astronomical instrumentation. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Astronomical instrumentation Electrodynamic exciters Future applications Impulse hammers LabVIEW virtual instrument Modal test Piezo-electric accelerometers Structural response Technology research Vibration test Airborne telescopes Instruments Modal analysis Vibration measurement Astrophysics 9780819491459 84443D 0277-786X 8444 10.1117/12.928861 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269465 e0e4a422-1e35-4bdc-b4c9-f4e7062c80a2 S. Fanning aut W. Xu aut C. Beaurepaire aut BRI IRB J.P. Suhan aut A. Nantel aut BRI IRB A.P. Mitchell aut text article eng The cyclic AMP protein kinase A pathway governs numerous biological features of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. The catalytic protein kinase A subunits, Tpk1 (orf19.4892) and Tpk2 (orf19.2277), have divergent roles, and most studies indicate a more pronounced role for Tpk2. Here we dissect two Tpk1-responsive properties: adherence and cell wall integrity. Homozygous tpk1/tpk1 mutants are hyperadherent, and a Tpk1 defect enables biofilm formation in the absence of Bcr1, a transcriptional regulator of biofilm adhesins. A quantitative gene expression-based assay reveals that tpk1/tpk1 and bcr1/bcr1 genotypes show mixed epistasis, as expected if Tpk1 and Bcr1 act mainly in distinct pathways. Overexpression of individual Tpk1-repressed genes indicates that cell surface proteins Als1, Als2, Als4, Csh1 and Csp37 contribute to Tpk1-regulated adherence. Tpk1 is also required for cell wall integrity, but has no role in the gene expression response to cell wall inhibition by caspofungin. Interestingly, increased expression of the adhesin gene ALS2 confers a cell wall defect, as manifested in hypersensitivity to the cell wall inhibitor caspofungin and a shallow cell wall structure. Our findings indicate that Tpk1 governs C.albicans cell wall properties through repression of select cell surface protein genes. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes caspofungin cell protein cell surface protein cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit protein Als1 protein Als2 protein Als4 protein Csh1 protein Csp37 protein Tpk1 unclassified drug antibiotic sensitivity article bacterial cell wall bacterium adherence biofilm Candida albicans cell adhesion cell wall controlled study gene expression gene function gene identification gene repression genetic epistasis genetic regulation homozygosity nonhuman nucleotide sequence priority journal repressor gene Tpk1 gene transcription regulation Biofilms Candida albicans Cell Wall Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunits Fungal Proteins Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal Candida albicans 2012 0950-382X 86 2 284 302 19 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08193.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI-IRB) Institut de recherche en biotechnologie du CNRC (IRB-BRI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269450 4f631e31-c6f2-4352-914e-b1a2949e42d4 M.R. Barzegari aut N. Hossieny aut M. Keshkar aut N. Chapleau aut IMI IMI C.B. Park aut 70th Annual Technical Conference of the Society of Plastics Engineers 2012, ANTEC 2012, 2 April 2012 through 4 April 2012, Orlando, FL text article eng The extrusion foaming behavior of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with CO 2 was evaluated. The foaming morphologies of PET/nanocomposites and PET/chain extenders were also assessed. The foamed extrudates were analyzed for expansion ratio, cell structure, and degree of crystallinity using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Finally, the effect of the die temperature on the cell structure of the PET foam samples was studied. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Cell structure Chain extenders Degree of crystallinity Die temperatures Expansion ratio Extrudates Extrusion foaming Carbon dioxide Differential scanning calorimetry Nanocomposites Plastic products Polyethylene terephthalates Scanning electron microscopy Foams 2012 9781622760831 3 2389 2393 5 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Industrial Materials Institute (IMI-IMI) Institut des matériaux industriels du CNRC (IMI-IMI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269452 d0fb38f0-1e0f-4c2a-8440-2c3b7e54df3e K.U. Schallreuter aut M.A.E.L. Salem aut N.C.J. Gibbons aut D.J. Maitland aut E. Marsch aut S.M.A. Elwary aut BRI IRB A.R. Healey aut text article eng Vitiligo is characterized by a mostly progressive loss of the inherited skin color. The cause of the disease is still unknown, despite accumulating in vivo and in vitro evidence of massive oxidative stress via hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in the skin of affected individuals. The most favored hypothesis is based on autoimmune mechanisms. Since depletion of the essential amino acid L-tryptophan (Trp) severely affects various immune responses, we here looked at Trp metabolism and signaling in these patients. Our in vivo and in vitro data revealed total absence of epidermal Trp hydroxylase activities and the presence of H 2O2/ONOO- deactivated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling is severely impaired despite the ligand (Trp dimer) being formed, as shown by mass spectrometry. Loss of this signal is supported by the absence of downstream signals (COX-2 and CYP1A1) as well as regulatory T-lymphocytes and by computer modeling. In vivo Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Trp metabolites together with H2O2 supporting deprivation of the epidermal Trp pool by Fenton chemistry. Taken together, our data support a long-expressed role for in loco redox balance and a distinct immune response. These insights could open novel treatment strategies for this disease. © FASEB. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes aromatic hydrocarbon receptor cyclooxygenase 2 cytochrome P450 1A1 hydrogen peroxide indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase peroxynitrite reactive oxygen metabolite tryptophan tryptophan hydroxylase adult article clinical article controlled study Fenton reaction Fourier transform mass spectrometry human immune response in vitro study in vivo study mass spectrometry priority journal Raman spectrometry regulatory T lymphocyte stress vitiligo Computer Simulation Epidermis Humans Hydrogen Peroxide Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase Oxidative Stress Peroxynitrous Acid Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon Signal Transduction T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory Tryptophan Vitiligo 2012 0892-6638 26 6 2471 2485 15 10.1096/fj.11-201897 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI-IRB) Institut de recherche en biotechnologie du CNRC (IRB-BRI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269455 e5ac2ae4-360f-4662-856f-5520fbd07ea0 E.S.M. Ali aut M.R. McEwen aut INMS IENM D.W.O. Rogers aut text article eng Purpose: In a recent computational study, an improved physics-based approach was proposed for unfolding linac photon spectra and incident electron energies from transmission data. In this approach, energy differentiation is improved by simultaneously using transmission data for multiple attenuators and detectors, and the unfolding robustness is improved by using a four-parameter functional form to describe the photon spectrum. The purpose of the current study is to validate this approach experimentally, and to demonstrate its application on a typical clinical linac. Methods: The validation makes use of the recent transmission measurements performed on the Vickers research linac of National Research Council Canada. For this linac, the photon spectra were previously measured using a NaI detector, and the incident electron parameters are independently known. The transmission data are for eight beams in the range 10-30 MV using thick Be, Al and Pb bremsstrahlung targets. To demonstrate the approach on a typical clinical linac, new measurements are performed on an Elekta Precise linac for 6, 10 and 25 MV beams. The different experimental setups are modeled using EGSnrc, with the newly added photonuclear attenuation included. Results: For the validation on the research linac, the 95 confidence bounds of the unfolded spectra fall within the noise of the NaI data. The unfolded spectra agree with the EGSnrc spectra (calculated using independently known electron parameters) with RMS energy fluence deviations of 4.5. The accuracy of unfolding the incident electron energy is shown to be ∼3. A transmission cutoff of only 10 is suitable for accurate unfolding, provided that the other components of the proposed approach are implemented. For the demonstration on a clinical linac, the unfolded incident electron energies and their 68 confidence bounds for the 6, 10 and 25 MV beams are 6.1 ± 0.1, 9.3 ± 0.1, and 19.3 ± 0.2 MeV, respectively. The unfolded spectra for the clinical linac agree with the EGSnrc spectra (calculated using the unfolded electron energies) with RMS energy fluence deviations of 3.7. The corresponding measured and EGSnrc-calculated transmission data agree within 1.5, where the typical transmission measurement uncertainty on the clinical linac is 0.4 (not including the uncertainties on the incident electron parameters). Conclusions: The approach proposed in an earlier study for unfolding photon spectra and incident electron energies from transmission data is accurate and practical for clinical use. © 2012 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes article electron human methodology Monte Carlo method photon reproducibility spectroscopy statistics Electrons Humans Monte Carlo Method Photons Reproducibility of Results Spectrum Analysis Statistics as Topic 2012 0094-2405 39 11 6585 6596 12 10.1118/1.4754301 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for National Measurement Standards (INMS-IENM) Institut des étalons nationaux de mesure du CNRC (IENM-INMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269456 f17b9404-7208-44c3-bea2-86ec955eb1d5 B. Tomanek aut IBD IBD U. Iqbal aut IBS ISB B. Blasiak aut IBD IBD A. Abulrob aut IBS ISB H. Albaghdadi aut IBS ISB J.R. Matyas aut D. Ponjevic aut G.R. Sutherland aut text article eng A mouse model of glioblastoma multiforme was used to determine the accumulation of a targeted contrast agent in tumor vessels. The contrast agent, consisting of superparamagnetic iron oxide coated with dextran, was functionalized with an anti-insulin-like-growth-factor binding protein 7 (anti-IGFBP7) single domain antibody. The near infrared marker, Cy5.5, was also attached for an in vivo fluorescence study. A 9.4T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system was used for in vivo studies on days 10 and 11 following tumor inoculation. T2 relaxation time was used to measure the accumulation of the contrast agent in the tumor. Changes in tumor to brain contrast because of active targeting were compared with a nontargeted contrast agent. Effective targeting was confirmed with near infrared measurements and fluorescent microscopic analysis. The results showed that there was a statistically significant (P < .01) difference in normalized T2 between healthy brain and tumor tissue 10 min, 1 h, and 2 h point postinjection of the anti-IGFBP7 single domain antibody targeted and nontargeted iron oxide nanoparticles. A statistical difference remained in animals treated with targeted nanoparticles 24 h postinjection only. The MRI, near infrared imaging, and fluorescent microscopy studies showed corresponding spatial and temporal changes. We concluded that the developed anti-IGFBP7-iron oxide single domain antibodytargeted MRI contrast agent selectively binds to abnormal vessels within a glioblastoma. T2-weighted MRI and near infrared imaging are able to detect the targeting effects in brain tumors. © The Author(s) 2011. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes binding protein contrast medium dextran growth factor nuclear magnetic resonance imaging agent superparamagnetic iron oxide vascular targeting agent animal experiment animal model animal tissue article brain blood vessel brain tumor cancer tissue controlled study fluorescence microscopy glioblastoma in vivo study infrared radiation inoculation male mouse near infrared spectroscopy nonhuman nuclear magnetic resonance imaging relaxation time Animals Antibodies Brain Neoplasms Cell Line, Tumor Contrast Media Dextrans Ferric Compounds Glioblastoma Humans Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Mice Mice, Nude Microscopy, Fluorescence Nanoparticles 2012 1522-8517 14 1 53 63 11 10.1093/neuonc/nor183 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biodiagnostics (IBD-IBD) Institut du biodiagnostic du CNRC (IBD-IBD) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269457 e53e0f53-9eaf-4f78-8e84-5b7a98eff04d L. De Léséleuc aut HHT TSH G. Harris aut HHT TSH R. KuoLee aut HHT TSH W. Chen aut HHT TSH text article eng We investigated the ability of compounds interfering with iron metabolism to inhibit the growth of Acinetobacter baumannii. Iron restriction with transferrin or 2,2-bipyridyl significantly inhibited A. baumannii growth in vitro. Gallium nitrate alone was moderately effective at reducing A. baumannii growth but became bacteriostatic in the presence of serum or transferrin. More importantly, gallium nitrate treatment reduced lung bacterial burdens in mice. The use of gallium-based therapies shows promise for the control of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii. Copyright © 2012, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2,2' bipyridine chelating agent gallium nitrate transferrin Acinetobacter baumannii animal experiment article bacterial growth bacterial load bacteriostasis controlled study growth inhibition in vitro study in vivo study iron metabolism iron restriction mouse nonhuman priority journal 2,2'-Dipyridyl Acinetobacter baumannii Acinetobacter Infections Animals Gallium Iron Chelating Agents Mice Transferrin 2012 0066-4804 56 10 5397 5400 4 10.1128/AAC.00778-12 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Human Health Therapeutics (HHT-TSH) Thérapeutiques en santé humaine (TSH-HHT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269459 9977cd26-d796-4047-baf1-b7d2ea873ed0 J.L. Pitters aut NINT INNT P.G. Piva aut R.A. Wolkow aut NINT INNT text article eng Degenerately doped (arsenic) n-type hydrogen terminated silicon (100) samples were prepared using various heat treatments for ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) analysis. Samples heat treated to 1050 C were found to have a consistent level of doping throughout the bulk and near surface regions. STS revealed tunneling through dopant states consistent with degenerately doped samples. SIMS profiling and HREELS measurements confirmed dopant and carrier concentrations, respectively. Samples heated to 1250 C were found to have a reduced concentration of dopants in the near surface region. STS measurements showed shifted I/V curves and the loss of tunneling through dopant states in the band gap, indicating reduced dopant concentrations. Observations were confirmed by SIMS and HREELS where depleted dopants and reduced carrier concentrations were measured. The effect of the varying surface dopant concentrations on the STM imaging characteristics of dangling bonds on hydrogen terminated surfaces was also investigated. Understanding the effect of thermal processing on near surface dopant atom concentrations will permit better control over equilibrium charge occupation and charging characteristics of dangling bond midgap states on H:silicon. © 2012 American Vacuum Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Charging characteristics Dopant atoms Dopant concentrations Dopant state Doped sample Hydrogen-terminated silicon Hydrogen-terminated surfaces Imaging characteristics Near surface regions Near-surface Silicon (100) Ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopies Arsenic Carrier concentration Dangling bonds Electric charge Hydrogen Scanning tunneling microscopy Semiconductor doping 2012 1071-1023 30 2 21806 10.1116/1.3694010 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Institute for Nanotechnology (NINT-INNT) Institut national de nanotechnologie (INNT-NINT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269460 16a1a2cb-22ae-494c-ae5b-c21128912fa5 J.P. Blakeslee aut HIA IHA H. Cho aut E.W. Peng aut L. Ferrarese aut HIA IHA A. Jordn aut A.R. Martel aut HIA IHA text article eng We combine new Wide Field Camera 3 IR Channel (WFC3/IR) F160W (H 160) imaging data for NGC1399, the central galaxy in the Fornax cluster, with archival F475W (g 475), F606W (V 606), F814W (I 814), and F850LP (z 850) optical data from the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). The purely optical g 475 - I 814, V 606 - I 814, and g 475 - z 850 colors of NGC1399's rich globular cluster (GC) system exhibit clear bimodality, at least for magnitudes I 814 > 21.5. The optical-IR I 814 - H 160 color distribution appears unimodal, and this impression is confirmed by mixture modeling analysis. The V 606 - H 160 colors show marginal evidence for bimodality, consistent with bimodality in V 606 - I 814 and unimodality in I 814 - H 160. If bimodality is imposed for I 814 - H 160 with a double Gaussian model, the preferred blue/red split differs from that for optical colors; these "differing bimodalities" mean that the optical and optical-IR colors cannot both be linearly proportional to metallicity. Consistent with the differing color distributions, the dependence of I 814 - H 160 on g 475 - I 814 for the matched GC sample is significantly nonlinear, with an inflection point near the trough in the g 475 - I 814 color distribution; the result is similar for the I 814 - H 160 dependence on g 475 - z 850 colors taken from the ACS Fornax Cluster Survey. These g 475 - z 850 colors have been calibrated empirically against metallicity; applying this calibration yields a continuous, skewed, but single-peaked metallicity distribution. Taken together, these results indicate that nonlinear color-metallicity relations play an important role in shaping the observed bimodal distributions of optical colors in extragalactic GC systems. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-637X 746 1 88 10.1088/0004-637X/746/1/88 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269461 3f5b19a2-f816-4716-ae98-19919c83d683 C. Derksen aut S.L. Smith aut M. Sharp aut L. Brown aut S. Howell aut L. Copland aut D.R. Mueller aut Y. Gauthier aut C.G. Fletcher aut A. Tivy aut CHC CHC M. Bernier aut J. Bourgeois aut R. Brown aut C.R. Burn aut C. Duguay aut P. Kushner aut A. Langlois aut A.G. Lewkowicz aut A. Royer aut A. Walker aut text article eng During the International Polar Year (IPY), comprehensive observational research programs were undertaken to increase our understanding of the Canadian polar cryosphere response to a changing climate. Cryospheric components considered were snow, permafrost, sea ice, freshwater ice, glaciers and ice shelves. Enhancement of conventional observing systems and retrieval algorithms for satellite measurements facilitated development of a snapshot of current cryospheric conditions, providing a baseline against which future change can be assessed. Key findings include: 1. surface air temperatures across the Canadian Arctic exhibit a warming trend in all seasons over the past 40 years. A consistent pan-cryospheric response to these warming temperatures is evident through the analysis of multi-decadal datasets; 2. in recent years (including the IPY period) a higher rate of change was observed compared to previous decades including warming permafrost, reduction in snow cover extent and duration, reduction in summer sea ice extent, increased mass loss from glaciers, and thinning and break-up of the remaining Canadian ice shelves. These changes illustrate both a reduction in the spatial extent and mass of the cryosphere and an increase in the temporal persistence of melt related parameters. The observed changes in the cryosphere have important implications for human activity including the close ties of northerners to the land, access to northern regions for natural resource development, and the integrity of northern infrastructure. © 2012 UKCrown: Environment Canada; © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Canadian Arctic Changing climate Cryosphere Data sets Freshwater ice Human activities Ice shelves International polar year Mass loss Northern regions Observational research Observing systems Rate of change Resource development Retrieval algorithms Satellite measurements Sea ice extent Snow cover extents Spatial extent Surface air temperatures Temporal persistence Permafrost Sea ice Snow air temperature algorithm cryosphere data set human activity ice breakup ice shelf natural resource permafrost research program resource development satellite imagery sea ice snow cover Canada 2012 0165-0009 115 1 59 88 30 10.1007/s10584-012-0470-0 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Canadian Hydraulics Centre (CHC-CHC) Centre d'hydraulique canadien du CNRC (CHC-CHC) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269463 723c3f52-149c-4642-bec6-96a3473d9d3d T.N. Baral aut IBS ISB M. Arbabi-Ghahroudi aut IBS ISB text article eng In this chapter we describe in detail the current protocols that are used to express single-domain antibodies in bacteria. Bacteria are among the most common expression systems for expressing recombinant proteins. We present different approaches for carrying out periplasmic and cytoplasmic expression, as well as small-scale and large-scale expression. In addition, we discuss the advantages and possible drawbacks of each protocol. We present data related to expression vectors, expression conditions, methods of protein extraction and purification, and yield and purity analysis of sdAbs. We also highlight important points that need to be considered before sdAbs that have been expressed in bacteria are used either in vitro or in vivo. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes nanobody recombinant antibody hybrid protein antibody library antibody production article bacterium culture medium cytoplasm Escherichia coli expression vector gene expression system heavy chain molecular cloning nonhuman phage display priority journal procedures protein domain protein expression protein isolation protein purification reproducibility antibody affinity gene expression gene library gene vector genetics immunology isolation and purification metabolism Antibody Affinity Bacteria Cloning, Molecular Escherichia coli Gene Expression Gene Library Genetic Vectors Recombinant Fusion Proteins Single-Domain Antibodies 2012 1064-3745 9781617799679 911 257 275 19 10.1007/978-1-61779-968-6-16 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269464 2e30ee19-a743-4733-8516-a36d13203a8c Iñigo Molina-Fernandez aut Robert Halir aut Alejandro Ortega-Moñux aut Luis Zavargo-Peche aut Sebastian Romero García aut Alejandro Maese-Novo aut Diego Perez-Galacho aut Gonzalo Wanguemert-Perez aut Pavel Cheben aut IMS ISM Dan-Xia Xu aut IMS ISM Silicon Photonics VII, 22 January 2012 through 25 January 2012, San Francisco, CA text article eng Subwavelength gratings (SWG) are periodically segmented waveguides with a pitch small enough to suppress diffraction. These waveguides can be engineered to implement almost any refractive between the refractive indices of the material that compose the waveguide, thereby opening novel design possibilities. In this communication we explore the use of SWGs in the design and optimization of a variety of integrated optical devices in the silicon-on-insulator platform: fiber-to-chip grating couplers, polarization splitters and high performance multimode interference couplers. We furthermore show that the dispersion properties of SWGs enable the design of novel filters, and discuss the design of low transitions between SWG waveguides of different characteristics. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Grating couplers Multimode interference couplers Polarization splitters Silicon on insulator Sub-wave length grating SWG tapers Design Integrated optics Optical filters Photonic devices Polarization Refractive index Waveguides Waveguide filters 2012 0277-786X 9780819489098 8266 82660E 10.1117/12.906785 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269447 2b7a6b9d-10d0-4ade-a1a1-766f9c88c7ed Ouazia Boualem Ouazia, B. aut IRC IRC Macdonald Iain Alexander MacDonald, I. aut IRC IRC Thompson Alexandra Thompson, A. aut IRC IRC Booth Daniel Booth, D. aut IRC IRC text article eng For residential forced air heating and cooling systems conventional thinking is that air supply registers should be located under exterior windows. There were good reasons for this in the past (primarily to counteract the cold downdraught from the window) but new construction standards (well-insulated walls, better glazing and air tight wall/window interface) mean that there is now less downdraught. Positioning the supply air register away from a window could have a large impact for new construction as duct lengths could be shortened (saving materials and construction time). This could also allow greater architectural freedom as the forced air system would not need to be ducted to the building perimeter. This paper presents results from experiments conducted in a new, well-constructed building to evaluate whether the supply registers can be moved away from the traditional location without impacting indoor air quality or predicted thermal comfort. The physical experiments showed that in both traditional and non-traditional placement: (1) there are minimal changes in predicted thermal comfort (a measure of thermal discomfort - vertical air temperature difference much lower than 3K), and (2) contaminant-removal effectiveness (a measure of indoor air quality) values were in the same range. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Air heating Air supply Air Systems Air temperature Construction time IAQ Indoor air quality New constructions Residential Tracer gas Indoor air pollution Thermal comfort Phase interfaces 2012 1473-3315 10 4 301 310 10 54493 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Research in Construction Institut de recherche en construction du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269458 32449639-4740-44a1-b18b-6ef217d50672 W.A. Almoustadi aut IBD IBD T.W.R. Lee aut IBD IBD J. Klein aut IBD IBD K. Kumar aut IBD IBD R.C. Arora aut IBD IBD G. Tian aut IBD IBD D.H. Freed aut IBD IBD text article eng Brain death (BD) causes cardiac dysfunction in organ donors, attributable to the catecholamine storm that occurs with raised intracerebral pressure (ICP). However the direct contribution of the spinal sympathetics has not been well described. We examined the effect of total spinal anesthesia (TSA) on cardiac function in a large animal model of BD. Eighteen pigs were allocated to 3 experimental groups: Group 1, the saline-treated control group; Group 2, TSA administered prior to BD; and Group 3, TSA administered 30 min after BD. Inflation of an intracerebral balloon-tipped catheter was used to induce BD. Ventricular function was assessed using a pressure-volume loop catheter and magnetic resonance imaging. Serum catecholamine levels were assessed with high performance liquid chromatography. Inflation of the intracerebral balloon-tipped catheter was associated with a dramatic rise in heart rate and blood pressure, along with increased concentrations of serum epinephrine and norepinephrine. This phenomenon was not observed in Group 2. In Group 1, there was a significant decline in contractility, whereas groups 2 and 3 saw no change. Group 2 had greater contractile reserve than groups 1 and 3. Our data demonstrate the central role of spinal sympathetics in the hemodynamic response to raised ICP. Further work is required to determine the utility of TSA in reversing cardiac dysfunction in BD donors. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes adrenalin catecholamine noradrenalin sodium chloride adrenalin blood level animal experiment animal model article balloon catheter blood pressure brain death catecholamine blood level controlled study heart function heart rate high performance liquid chromatography intracerebral balloon tipped catheter nonhuman noradrenalin blood level nuclear magnetic resonance imaging priority journal spinal anesthesia swine total spinal anesthesia 2012 0008-4212 90 9 1287 1293 7 10.1139/Y2012-026 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biodiagnostics (IBD-IBD) Institut du biodiagnostic du CNRC (IBD-IBD) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269443 da60b94b-60b8-4c7d-965a-c35db495e01e K. Vincent aut J.S. Tauskela aut IBS ISB J.-P. Thivierge aut text article eng Neuronal avalanches are a ubiquitous form of activity characterized by spontaneous bursts whose size distribution follows a power-law. Recent theoretical models have replicated power-law avalanches by assuming the presence of functionally feedforward connections (FFCs) in the underlying dynamics of the system. Accordingly, avalanches are generated by a feedforward chain of activation that persists despite being embedded in a larger, massively recurrent circuit. However, it is unclear to what extent networks of living neurons that exhibit power-law avalanches rely on FFCs. Here, we employed a computational approach to reconstruct the functional connectivity of cultured cortical neurons plated on multielectrode arrays, and investigated whether pharmacologically-induced alterations in avalanche dynamics are accompanied by changes in FFCs. This approach begins by extracting a functional network of directed links between pairs of neurons, and then evaluates the strength of FFCs using Schur decomposition. In a first step, we examined the ability of this approach to extract FFCs from simulated spiking neurons. The strength of FFCs obtained in strictly feedforward networks diminished monotonically as links were gradually rewired at random. Next, we estimated the FFCs of spontaneously active cortical neuron cultures in the presence of either a control medium, a GABAA receptor antagonist (PTX), or an AMPA receptor antagonist combined with an NMDA receptor antagonist (APV/DNQX). The distribution of avalanche sizes in these cultures was modulated by this pharmacology, with a shallower power-law under PTX (due to the prominence of larger avalanches) and a steeper power-law under APV/DNQX (due to avalanches recruiting fewer neurons) relative to control cultures. The strength of FFCs increased in networks after application of PTX, consistent with an amplification of feed forward activity during avalanches. Conversely, FFCs decreased after application of APV/DNQX, consistent with fading feed forward activation. The observed alterations in FFCs provide experimental support for recent theoretical work linking power-law avalanches to the feed forward organization of functional connections in local neuronal circuits. © 2012 Vincent, Tauskela and Thivierge. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes AMPA-receptor AS-links Avalanche dynamics Computational approach Control cultures Control mediums Cortical neurons Cultured cortical neurons Directed links Feed forward Feed-forward network Feedforward connections Functional connection Functional connectivity Functional network GABAA receptors Multielectrode arrays Neuronal circuits NMDA receptor Poisson model Power-law Schur decomposition Spiking neuron Theoretical models Underlying dynamics Dynamics Neurons Neural networks animal cell animal experiment article artificial neural network cell structure cellular distribution controlled study feedforward network mathematical computing mathematical model nerve cell culture nerve stimulation nervous system function neuromodulation nonhuman rat spike wave 2012 1662-5188 Oct-12 10.3389/fncom.2012.00086 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269440 b7ac1a78-4e4b-4aa2-9a54-95f719f0a41b K. Neupane aut D.B. Ritchie aut H. Yu aut D.A.N. Foster aut F. Wang aut NINT INNT M.T. Woodside aut NINT INNT text article eng The duration of structural transitions in biopolymers is only a fraction of the time spent searching diffusively over the configurational energy landscape. We found the transition time, τ TP, and the diffusion constant, D, for DNA and RNA folding using energy landscapes obtained from single-molecule trajectories under tension in optical traps. DNA hairpins, RNA pseudoknots, and a riboswitch all had τ TP∼10μs and D∼10 -13 -14m2/s, despite widely differing unfolding rates. These results show how energy-landscape analysis can be harnessed to characterize brief but critical events during folding reactions. © 2012 American Physical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Configurational energy Critical events Diffusion constant DNA hairpin Energy landscape Folding reactions Optical trap Pseudo-knots Riboswitches RNA folding Single-molecule Structural transitions Time spent Transition paths Transition time Biopolymers RNA Molecules 2012 0031-9007 109 6 68102 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.068102 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Institute for Nanotechnology (NINT-INNT) Institut national de nanotechnologie (INNT-NINT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269448 dcd92523-10e2-49c0-9036-af8a38273910 P. Jankowski aut A.R.W. McKellar aut SIMS ISSM K. Szalewicz aut text article eng Rovibrational spectroscopy of molecules boasts extremely high precision, but its usefulness relies on the assignment of spectral features to corresponding quantum mechanical transitions. In the case of ortho-H 2-CO, a weakly bound complex abundant in the interstellar medium (although not yet observed there), the rather complex spectrum has been unexplained for more than a decade. We assigned this spectrum by comparison with a purely ab initio calculation. For most lines, agreement to within 0.01 centimeter-1 between experiment and theory was achieved. Our results show that the applicability of rovibrational spectroscopy can be extended with the assistance of high-accuracy quantum mechanical computations. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes computer infrared radiation infrared spectroscopy precision quantum mechanics spectrum article energy infrared spectroscopy priority journal quantum mechanics theory validation vibration 2012 0036-8075 336 6085 1147 1150 4 10.1126/science.1221000 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences (SIMS-ISSM) Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC (ISSM-SIMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269449 97b602d4-2757-44f5-985a-e458f2fdd37e F. Li aut M. Pelusi aut D.-X. Xu aut IMS ISM R. Ma aut IMS ISM S. Janz aut IMS ISM B.J. Eggleton aut D.J. Moss aut 2012 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2012, 6 May 2012 through 11 May 2012, San Jose, CA text article eng We demonstrate all-optical wavelength conversion at 10 Gb/s for differential phase-shift keyed (DPSK) data in the C-band, based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in a silicon ring resonator. Error-free operation with a system penalty of ∼ 4.1 dB at 10-9 BER is achieved. © 2012 OSA. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 10 Gb/ S All-optical wavelength conversion DPSK signals Error free operations Silicon ring resonator System penalty Lasers Light modulation Optical frequency conversion Four wave mixing 2012 9781467318396 6326233 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269453 5283265b-46ba-419f-8a40-93b6c6562597 D. Arndt aut J. Xia aut Y. Liu aut Y. Zhou aut A.C. Guo aut J.A. Cruz aut I. Sinelnikov aut K. Budwill aut C.L. Nesbø aut D.S. Wishart aut NINT INNT text article eng With recent improvements in DNA sequencing and sample extraction techniques, the quantity and quality of metagenomic data are now growing exponentially. This abundance of richly annotated metagenomic data and bacterial census information has spawned a new branch of microbiology called comparative metagenomics. Comparative metagenomics involves the comparison of bacterial populations between different environmental samples, different culture conditions or different microbial hosts. However, in order to do comparative metagenomics, one typically requires a sophisticated knowledge of multivariate statistics and/or advanced software programming skills. To make comparative metagenomics more accessible to microbiologists, we have developed a freely accessible, easy-to-use web server for comparative metagenomic analysis called METAGENassist. Users can upload their bacterial census data from a wide variety of common formats, using either amplified 16S rRNA data or shotgun metagenomic data. Metadata concerning environmental, culture, or host conditions can also be uploaded. During the data upload process, METAGENassist also performs an automated taxonomic-to-phenotypic mapping. Phenotypic information covering nearly 20 functional categories such as GC content, genome size, oxygen requirements, energy sources and preferred temperature range is automatically generated from the taxonomic input data. Using this phenotypically enriched data, users can then perform a variety of multivariate and univariate data analyses including fold change analysis, t-tests, PCA, PLS-DA, clustering and classification. To facilitate data processing, users are guided through a step-by-step analysis workflow using a variety of menus, information hyperlinks and check boxes. METAGENassist also generates colorful, publication quality tables and graphs that can be downloaded and used directly in the preparation of scientific papers. METAGENassist is available at http://www.metagenassist.ca. © 2012 The Author(s). yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes RNA 16S article automation bacterial genome bacterium culture classification cluster analysis comparative metagenomics comparative study computer program controlled study data processing energy resource environment genetic database genome size host intermethod comparison Internet metagenomics nonhuman nucleotide sequence oxygen consumption phenotype population genetics priority journal publication statistical analysis taxonomy temperature web server Bacteria Data Interpretation, Statistical Internet Metagenomics Phenotype Software Bacteria (microorganisms) 2012 0305-1048 40 W1 W88 W95 10.1093/nar/gks497 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Institute for Nanotechnology (NINT-INNT) Institut national de nanotechnologie (INNT-NINT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) gold access 21269454 1d2c18cb-7516-47f5-8240-efd2ba12b321 L. Simard aut HIA IHA D. Crampton aut HIA IHA B. Ellerbroek aut C. Boyer aut Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV, 1 July 2012 through 6 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng An overview of the current status of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) instrumentation program is presented. Science cases and operational concepts as well as their links to the instruments are continually revisited and updated through a series of workshops and conferences. Work on the three first-light instruments (WFOS IRIS, and IRMS) has made significant progress, and many groups in TMT partner communities are developing future instrument concepts. Other instrument-related subsystems are also receiving considerable attention given their importance to the scientific end-toend performance of the Observatory. As an example, we describe aspects of the facility instrument cooling system that are crucially important to successful diffraction-limited observations on an extremely large telescope. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Current status Diffraction limited Extremely Large Telescopes Instrumentation programs Observation planning Operational concepts Thirty Meter Telescope Adaptive optics Astronomy Telescopes Optical telescopes 2012 0277-786X 9780819491473 8446 84461F 10.1117/12.930500 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269446 0e8db93c-c23d-44e6-a9c8-d2a173df2b0e P. Baudoz aut J. Mazoyer aut M. Mas aut R. Galicher aut HIA IHA G. Rousset aut Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV, 1 July 2012 through 6 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng Direct imaging and low-resolution spectroscopy of extrasolar planets are exciting but challenging scientific applications of coronagraphy. While the angular separation is well within the reach of actual telescope in the near IR or visible, the planet-star contrast (from 10-6 to 10-10) requires wavefront quality and stability hard to reach even with a well-polished space telescope. Several solutions have been proposed to tackle the speckle noise introduced by the residual optical defects. While some concepts rely only on active wavefront correction using deformable mirror, other techniques are based on post-processing and subtract a reference image recorded sometimes simultaneously with the science image. One interesting solution is to choose a concept that allows both active correction and post-processing of high contrast coronagraphic images. This is the case of the Self Coherent Camera (SCC), which has been proposed for the project of space coronagraph SPICES and for the ground-based planet finder EPICS studied for the European Extremely Large Telescope. After recalling the SCC principle, we present both monochromatic and modest bandwidth (2%) experimental results of Dark Hole in the focal plane using a SCC. Example of a post-processing result with SCC is also given to emphasize the interest of combining it with active correction. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Active correction Angular separation Coronagraph Coronagraphy Deformable mirrors Direct imaging Exoplanet Extra solar planets Extremely Large Telescopes Focal Plane Ground based High contrast High contrast imaging Near-IR Optical defects Planet detection Planet finders Post processing Reference image Scientific applications Speckle noise Wavefront correction Wavefront quality Astronomy Cameras Laser pulses Optical telescopes Image processing 2012 0277-786X 9780819491473 8446 84468C 10.1117/12.926575 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269441 ab950adc-e29e-47d4-bd1a-4a6c6f170b2a K. Szeto aut HIA IHA A. McConnachie aut HIA IHA A. Anthony aut HIA IHA D. Bohlender aut HIA IHA D. Crampton aut HIA IHA P. Desaulniers aut J. Dunn aut HIA IHA T. Hardy aut HIA IHA A. Hill aut HIA IHA D. Monin aut HIA IHA J. Pazder aut HIA IHA C. Schwab aut P. Spano aut HIA IHA E. Starkenburg aut S. Thibault aut G. Walker aut HIA IHA K. Venn aut H. Zhang aut Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV, 1 July 2012 through 6 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng A multiplexed moderate resolution (R = 34,000) and a single object high resolution (R = 90,000) spectroscopic facility for the entire 340-950nm wavelength region has been designed for Gemini. The result is a high throughput, versatile instrument that will enable precision spectroscopy for decades to come. The extended wavelength coverage for these relatively high spectral resolutions is achieved by use of an Echelle grating with VPH cross-dispersers and for the R = 90,000 mode utilization of an image slicer. The design incorporates a fast, efficient, reliable system for acquiring targets over the7 arcmin field of Gemini. This paper outlines the science case development and requirements flow-down process that leads to the configuration of the HIA instrument and describes the overall GHOS conceptual design. In addition, this paper discusses design trades examined during the conceptual design study instrument group of the Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics has been commissioned by the Gemini Observatory as one of the three competing organizations to conduct a conceptual design study for a new Gemini High-Resolution Optical Spectrograph (GHOS). This paper outlines the science case development and requirements flow-down process that leads to the configuration of the HIA instrument and describes the overall GHOS conceptual design. In addition, this paper discusses design trades examined during the conceptual design study. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes CCD detectors Design trades Echelle Instrument software Pick-off White pupil relay Astrophysics Commerce Conceptual design Fibers Motion control Optical resolving power Spectrographs Instruments 2012 0277-786X 9780819491473 8446 844635 10.1117/12.926690 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269444 25de7a60-cae3-4c95-8999-f930ced095f3 A.G. Razaqpur aut M. Nofal aut IRC IRC M. Shedid aut A. Esfandiari aut text article eng To ensure public safety, existing bridges are often evaluated for their load-bearing capacity. Realistic evaluation must take into account the actual nonlinear stress-strain characteristics of the bridge materials and the interaction among its structural components at all stages of loading up to failure. The finite element method is particularly suitable for this type of analysis, but nonlinear finite element formulations involve many assumptions that must be verified before any practical application. In this study, the accuracy of a nonlinear finite element program developed by the authors for the analysis of composite steel-concrete bridges is checked by comparing its results with experimental data from simply supported and continuous beams tested by others and from a 1/3 scale multi-girder composite bridge tested by the authors. Good agreement is observed between the measured and the computed load-deflection responses and strains at all stages of loading up to the maximum load, which demonstrates the accuracy of the finite element formulation and the validity of its assumptions. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Analysis Composite Finite Element Load distributions Reinforced Bridges Composite bridges Concretes Loading Nonlinear analysis Software testing Steel Finite element method accuracy assessment bridge finite element method loading nonlinearity reinforced concrete steel structure structural analysis 2012 0315-1468 39 2 191 202 12 10.1139/L11-124 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Research in Construction (IRC-IRC) Institut de recherche en construction du CNRC (IRC-IRC) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269422 6350706f-ad8d-4d3f-a176-463509828866 Y. Chen aut AERO AERO F.D. Ulker aut AERO AERO V. Wickramasinghe aut AERO AERO D. Zimcik aut AERO AERO 23rd International Conference on Adaptive Structures and Technologies, ICAST 2012, 11 October 2012 through 13 October 2012, Nanjing text article eng Aerodynamic buffeting load can lead to pre-mature fatigue damage of aircraft vertical fin structures. This paper presents a robust control law development strategy for active buffeting load alleviation of a smart fin structure. The impact of aerodynamic loads on the modeling uncertainties of the smart fin was investigated through extensive wind tunnel tests. Test results revealed that the airflow introduced higher damping ratio and caused frequency shift to the vibration modes. These aerodynamic effects may adversely affect the performance and robustness of active control laws. Based on the observations, the structured singular value synthesis technique was used to develop a robust control law for the smart fin using a truncated baseline dynamic model. A parametric uncertainty block was introduced to account for the changes in the modal parameters of the baseline dynamic model due to the aerodynamic effects. An additive uncertainty block was included to account for the un-modeled higher order vibration modes as well as the modeling errors in the low frequency range. The robust performance of the control law was demonstrated through simulations as well as extensive closed-loop control experiments in the wind tunnel using various free airstreams and vortical airflows. This provided a verified control law design strategy for active buffeting alleviation applications. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Buffeting load Development strategies Low frequency range Model uncertainties Parametric uncertainties Structured singular values Synthesis techniques Vertical fin Buffeting Dynamic models Fins (heat exchange) Modal analysis Robust control Uncertainty analysis Vibration control Vertical stabilizers 2012 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269423 150ab3b2-42b5-4262-bb79-19c262f260b4 Y. Boluk aut NINT INNT C. Danumah aut NINT INNT Z. Khalili aut TAPPI International Conference on Nanotechnology for Renewable Materials 2012, 4 June 2012 through 7 June 2012, Montreal, QC text article eng yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 9781627480536 155 167 13 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Institute for Nanotechnology (NINT-INNT) Institut national de nanotechnologie (INNT-NINT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269426 6aa29f21-98fc-441d-8ff3-4f232af6ba3f E.-W. Huang aut K.-W. Li aut S.Y. Lee aut CNBC CCFN W. Woo aut Y.-S. Ding aut L.-W. Tsay aut C.-H. Chen aut 7th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials, THERMEC'2011, 1 August 2011 through 5 August 2011, Quebec City, QC text article eng An analysis of residual stress, one of the contributory factors to the crack tip driving force, is extremely important to probe the fatigue crack growth mechanism and to further develop the life prediction methodology. Since fatigue crack growth is governed by crack-tip plasticity and crack closure in the wake of the crack tip, the investigation of residual stain/stress field in both behind and in front of the crack tip is crucial. In the current work, a 304L stainless steel compact-tension specimen is pre-cracked under constant-amplitude cyclic loading. Neutron diffraction is employed to directly measure the three orthogonal residual strain fields with 1-mm spatial resolution as a function of distance from the crack tip. The mapping results show that the three orthogonal residual-strain distributions around the crack tip depend on the stress multiaxiality, not following a single Poisson relationship to each axis. © 2012 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 304L stainless steel Compact tension Cyclic loadings Driving forces Fatigue crack growth mechanism Life-prediction methodology Multiaxiality Residual strains Spatial resolution Crack propagation Crack tips Fatigue crack propagation Fatigue of materials Growth (materials) Neutron diffraction Neutrons Orthogonal functions Plasticity testing Poisson distribution Stainless steel Strain Factor analysis Crack closure Crack tips 2012 0255-5476 9783037853030 706-709 1685 1689 5 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.706-709.1685 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Canadian Neutron Beam Centre (CNBC-CCFN) Centre canadien de faisceaux de neutrons du CNRC (CCFN-CNBC) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269427 791b62e1-5985-4923-a175-d1f15b06032b P. Versailles aut W.A. Chishty aut AERO AERO H.D. Vo aut text article eng In recent years, lean-premixed (LP) combustors have been widely studied due to their potential to reduce NO x emissions in comparison to diffusion type combustors. However, the fact that the fuels and oxidizers are mixed upstream of the combustion zone makes LP type of combustors a candidate for upstream flame propagation (i.e., flashback) in the premixer that is typically not designed to sustain high temperatures. Moreover, there has been a recent demand for fuel-flexible gas turbines that can operate on hydrogen-enriched fuels like Syngas. Combustors originally designed for slower kinetics fuels like natural gas can potentially encounter flashback if operated with faster burning fuels like those containing hydrogen as a constituent. There exists a clear need in fuel-flexible lean-premixed combustors to control flashback that will not only prevent costly component damage but will also enhance the operability margin of engines. A successful attempt has been made to control flashback in an atmospheric LP combustor, burning natural gas-air mixtures, via the application of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). A low-power DBD actuator was designed, fabricated and integrated into a premixer made out of quartz. The actuator was tuned to produce a low magnitude ionic wind with an intention to modify the velocity profile in the premixer. Flashback conditions were created by decreasing the air flow rate while keeping the fuel flow rate constant. Within this experimental setup, flashback happened in the core flow along the axis of the cylindrical premixer. Results show that the utilization of the DBD delays the occurrence of flashback to higher equivalence ratios. Improvements as high as about 5 of the flashback limit have been obtained without compromising the blowout limit. It is anticipated that this novel application of DBD will lead to future demonstrations of the concept under realistic gas turbine operating conditions. © 2012 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Air flow-rate Combustion zones Core flow Dielectric barrier discharges Dump combustor Equivalence ratios Experimental setup Flame propagation High temperature Ionic wind Low Power Natural gas-air mixture Novel applications Operating condition Premixed Syn-gas Velocity profiles Actuators Combustion Dielectric devices Flow control Flow rate Fuels Gas turbines Hydrogen Natural gas Quartz Rate constants Synthesis gas Combustors 2012 0742-4795 134 3 31501 10.1115/1.4004237 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269436 0272fde6-2586-4798-8161-87949ff6d302 D. Roy aut C. Kauffmann aut S. Delorme aut IMI IMI S. Lerouge aut G. Cloutier aut G. Soulez aut text article eng The purpose of this paper is to present the basic principles and relevant advances in the computational modeling of abdominal aortic aneurysms and endovascular aneurysm repair, providing the community with up-to-date state of the art in terms of numerical analysis and biomechanics. Frameworks describing the mechanical behavior of the aortic wall already exist. However, intraluminal thrombus nonhomogeneous structure and porosity still need to be well characterized. Also, although the morphology and mechanical properties of calcifications have been investigated, their effects on wall stresses remain controversial. Computational fluid dynamics usually assumes a rigid artery wall, whereas fluid-structure interaction accounts for artery compliance but is still challenging since arteries and blood have similar densities. We discuss alternatives to fluid-structure interaction based on dynamic medical images that address patient-specific hemodynamics and geometries. We describe initial stresses, elastic boundary conditions, and statistical strength for rupture risk assessment. Special emphasis is accorded to workflow development, from the conversion of medical images into finite element models, to the simulation of catheter-aorta interactions and stent-graft deployment. Our purpose is also to elaborate the key ingredients leading to virtual stenting and endovascular repair planning that could improve the procedure and stent-grafts. © 2012 David Roy et al. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes abdominal aorta aneurysm aneurysm rupture aorta wall artery calcification artery compliance biomechanics blood flow blood rheology endovascular aneurysm repair finite element analysis laminar flow mathematical computing mathematical model review shear stress stress strain relationship virtual reality viscoelasticity Young modulus aorta biological model blood vessel blood vessel transplantation calcinosis catheter computer simulation flow kinetics hemodynamics human instrumentation mechanical stress methodology pathology risk stent theoretical model Aorta Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal Biomechanics Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation Blood Vessels Calcinosis Catheters Computer Simulation Finite Element Analysis Hemodynamics Humans Models, Cardiovascular Models, Theoretical Rheology Risk Stents Stress, Mechanical 2012 1748-670X 2012 820389 10.1155/2012/820389 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Industrial Materials Institute (IMI-IMI) Institut des matériaux industriels du CNRC (IMI-IMI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269437 938ff2bb-ba27-491a-bdf6-91a91786726d T.W. Shimwell aut R.W. Barker aut P. Biddulph aut D. Bly aut R.C. Boysen aut A.R. Brown aut M.L. Brown aut C. Clementson aut M. Crofts aut T.L. Culverhouse aut J. Czeres aut R.J. Dace aut M.L. Davies aut R. D'Alessandro aut P. Doherty aut K. Duggan aut J.A. Ely aut M. Felvus aut F. Feroz aut W. Flynn aut T.M.O. Franzen aut J. Geisbüsch aut HIA IHA R. Génova-Santos aut K.J.B. Grainge aut W.F. Grainger aut D. Hammett aut M.P. Hobson aut C.M. Holler aut N. Hurley-Walker aut R. Jilley aut T. Kaneko aut R. Kneissl aut K. Lancaster aut A.N. Lasenby aut P.J. Marshall aut F. Newton aut O. Norris aut I. Northrop aut D.M. Odell aut M. Olamaie aut Y.C. Perrott aut J.C. Pober aut G.G. Pooley aut M.W. Pospieszalski aut V. Quy aut C. Rodríguez-Gonzálvez aut R.D.E. Saunders aut A.M.M. Scaife aut M.P. Schammel aut J. Schofield aut P.F. Scott aut C. Shaw aut H. Smith aut D.J. Titterington aut M. Velić aut E.M. Waldram aut S. West aut B.A. Wood aut G. Yassin aut J.T.L. Zwart aut text article eng We present an interesting Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) detection in the first of the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager (AMI) 'blind', degree-square fields to have been observed down to our target sensitivity of. In follow-up deep pointed observations the SZ effect is detected with a maximum peak decrement greater than eight times the thermal noise. No corresponding emission is visible in the ROSAT all-sky X-ray survey and no cluster is evident in the Palomar all-sky optical survey. Compared with existing SZ images of distant clusters, the extent is large (≈10arcmin) and complex; our analysis favours a model containing two clusters rather than a single cluster. Our Bayesian analysis is currently limited to modelling each cluster with an ellipsoidal or spherical β model, which does not do justice to this decrement. Fitting an ellipsoid to the deeper candidate we find the following. (a) Assuming that the Evrard et al. approximation to Press & Schechter correctly gives the number density of clusters as a function of mass and redshift, then, in the search area, the formal Bayesian probability ratio of the AMI detection of this cluster is 7.9 × 10 4:1; alternatively assuming Jenkins et al. as the true prior, the formal Bayesian probability ratio of detection is 2.1 × 10 5:1. (b) The cluster mass is (c) Abandoning a physical model with number density prior and instead simply modelling the SZ decrement using a phenomenological β model of temperature decrement as a function of angular distance, we find a central SZ temperature decrement of K - this allows for cosmic microwave background primary anisotropies, receiver noise and radio sources. We are unsure if the cluster system we observe is a merging system or two separate clusters. © 2012 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2012 RAS. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0035-8711 423 2 1463 1473 11 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20970.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269439 665e04e8-51d1-4f35-b944-4acbe55e99f3 J. Pazder aut HIA IHA Adaptive Optics Systems III, 1 July 2012 through 6 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng The Imaka project is a ground layer adaptive optics system proposed for the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. This paper presents the optical design of a Cassegrain mounted ground layer adaptive optics system with a 0.8 degree field of view for Imaka. The design incorporates a Takeshi concentric ADC and a f/8 to f/5.7 reducer. This is followed with a novel double pass system to image the pupil on a 300mm mildly concave deformable mirror and re-image the system on the detector. The design meets the required 0.15" 80% encircled energy image performance, including correction for atmospheric dispersion. The optical design is presented with the predicted imaging performance. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Astronomical instrumentation Atmospheric dispersion Deformable mirrors Double pass Encircled energy Field of views Ground-layer adaptive optics Image performance Imaging performance Takeshi ADC Adaptive optics Atmospheric movements Optical telescopes Telescopes Optical design 2012 0277-786X 9780819491480 8447 84473U 10.1117/12.925859 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269430 e6ba56aa-3a28-4ddb-a913-47528bf51694 J. Maire aut J. Gagné aut D. Lafrenière aut R. Doyon aut J.R. Graham aut J.-P. Véran aut HIA IHA L.A. Poyneer aut Adaptive Optics Systems III, 1 July 2012 through 6 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng Direct imaging and spectroscopy can advance our understanding of planet formation and migration through the detection and characterization of extrasolar planets on wide orbits. Accurate photometry and astrometry of detected companions are of crucial importance to derive the planet physical properties.We present an extension of the Locally optimized combination of images (LOCI) method to measure the highest-fidelity photometry as well as accurate astrometry of detected companions. This algorithm is also generalized to Integral-Field Spectrograph (IFS) data processing, giving advantages of a simultaneous angular and spectral differential imaging reduction, retrieving high-fidelity spectra from PSF-subtracted cubes. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Direct imaging Exo-planets Extra solar planets High contrast imaging Planet formation Speckle suppression Techniques Data processing Image processing Optimization Photometry 2012 0277-786X 9780819491480 8447 844760 10.1117/12.926247 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269420 c6a10c83-9739-4280-baa9-023882980e2b R. Doyon aut J. Hutchings aut HIA IHA M. Beaulieu aut L. Albert aut D. Lafrenière aut C. Willott aut HIA IHA D. Touahri aut N. Rowlands aut M. Maszkiewicz aut A. Fullerton aut K. Volk aut A. Martel aut P. Chayer aut A. Sivaramakrishnan aut R. Abraham aut L. Ferrarese aut HIA IHA R. Jayawardhana aut D. Johnstone aut HIA IHA M. Meyer aut J. Pipher aut M. Sawicki aut Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave, 1 July 2012 through 6 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng The Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS) is one of the four science instruments on board the JamesWebb Space Telescope (JWST). FGS features two modules: an infrared camera dedicated to fine guiding of the observatory and a science camera module, the Near-Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) covering the wavelength range between 0.7 and 5.0 μm with a field of view of 2.2'×2.2'. NIRISS has four observing modes: 1) broadband imaging featuring seven of the eight NIRCam broadband filters, 2) wide-field slitless spectroscopy at a resolving power of ̃150 between 1 and 2.5 μm, 3) single-object cross-dispersed slitless spectroscopy enabling simultaneous wavelength coverage between 0.7 and 2.5 μm at R ̃ 660, a mode optimized for transit spectroscopy of relatively bright (J > 7) stars and, 4) sparse aperture interferometric imaging between 3.8 and 4.8 μm enabling high- contrast (̃ 10-4) imaging of M < 8 point sources at angular separations between 70 and 500 milliarcsec. This paper presents an overview of the FGS/NIRISS design with a focus on the scientific capabilities and performance offered by NIRISS. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Angular separation Broadband filters Broadband imaging Exo-planets Field of views Fine guidance sensors High contrast imaging Infra-red cameras Interferometric imaging JWST instrumentation Near Infrared Point sources Sparse aperture Wavelength coverage Wavelength ranges Wide-field Infrared devices Interferometry Millimeter waves Sensors Source separation Space telescopes Spectrographs Spectroscopy Instruments 2012 0277-786X 9780819491435 8442 84422R 10.1117/12.926578 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269424 33026ae4-994b-402b-adb3-9dfae33c4c8a B. Zahiri aut NINT INNT M. Danaie aut X. Tan aut NINT INNT B.S. Amirkhiz aut NINT INNT G.A. Botton aut D. Mitlin aut NINT INNT text article eng We created a bimetallic chromium vanadium hydrogen sorption catalyst for magnesium hydride (MgH 2). The catalyst allows for significant room-temperature hydrogen uptake, over 10 cycles, at absorption pressures as low as 2 bar. This is something that has never been previously achieved. The catalyst also allowed for ultrarapid and kinetically stable hydrogenation cycling (over 225 cycles) at 200 and at 300 °C. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of the postcycled samples revealed a nanoscale dispersion of Cr-V nanocrystallites within the Mg or MgH 2 matrix. TEM analysis of the partially absorbed specimens revealed that even at a high absorption pressure, that is, a high driving force, relatively few hydride nuclei are formed at the surface of the pre-existing magnesium, ruling out the presence of any contracting volume (also termed contracting envelope or core shell) type growth. HRTEM of the cycled and desorbed powder sample demonstrated that the bcc Cr-V phase is crystalline and nanoscale. We experimentally demonstrated that the activation energy for hydrogen absorption is not constant but rather evolves with the driving force. This finding sheds new insight regarding the origins of the wide discrepancy in the literature - reported values of the hydrogenation activation energy in magnesium hydride and in related metal hydride systems. © 2011 American Chemical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Core shell Driving forces Hydrogen absorption Hydrogen sorption Hydrogen uptake Magnesium hydride matrix Metal hydride systems Nano scale Nanoscale catalysts Nanoscale-dispersion Powder samples Room temperature TEM analysis Transmission electron Activation energy Catalysts Desorption Hydrides Hydrogen Hydrogen storage Hydrogenation Magnesium Nanotechnology Transmission electron microscopy Vanadium Chromium 2012 1932-7447 116 4 3188 3199 12 10.1021/jp211254k National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Institute for Nanotechnology (NINT-INNT) Institut national de nanotechnologie (INNT-NINT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269438 d49b1e06-2ede-4d85-9b90-a47a21a7e821 T.J. Davidge aut HIA IHA text article eng We examine the properties of a stellar grouping that is ∼3.5kpc to the northeast of the center of M31. This structure has (1) a surface brightness that is lower than the surrounding disk, (2) a more-or-less round appearance, (3) a size of ∼300 arcsec (∼1kpc), and (4) an integrated brightness K = 6.5. It is populated by stars with ages ≥100Myr and J - K colors that tend to be bluer than those of stars in the surrounding disk. Comparisons with model luminosity functions suggest that the star formation rate in this object has changed twice in the past few hundred Myr. Fitting a Sérsic function to the light profile reveals a power-law index and effective surface brightness that are similar to those of dwarf galaxies with the same integrated brightness. Two possible origins for this object are considered: (1) it is a heretofore undiscovered satellite of M31 that is seen against/in/through the M31 disk or (2) it is a fossil star-forming region in the M31 disk. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 2041-8205 749 1 L7 10.1088/2041-8205/749/1/L7 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269418 c372f741-772c-4a3e-842a-b95c59c55f30 P.G. Perret aut ICPET ITPCE P.R.L. Malenfant aut ICPET ITPCE C. Bock aut ICPET ITPCE B. MacDougall aut ICPET ITPCE text article eng The electro-deposition and dissolution of MnO2 is studied for its potential utilization in hybrid supercapacitors. A commercially available graphene powder is used as high surface area substrate and capacitive type electrode. An aqueous electrolyte composed of 0.5 M H2SO4 + 0.5 M MnSO4 is used. The deposition-dissolution reaction of MnO2 is shown to provide the bulk of the charge storable in the battery type electrode. Furthermore, the potential window of stability of this electrode reaction is compatible with the aqueous electrolyte. Two complete systems were assembled and tested for their charge/discharge behavior. It is shown that energy and power densities of 25 Wh kg-1 and 980 W kg -1, respectively, can be achieved for at least 5000 cycles. Limitations of the system in terms of cycle numbers and electrolyte volume are discussed in more detail. The electrolyte volume to electrode mass ratio is shown to be a critical factor in determining the charge/discharge cycle number of the device. This is believed to be due to the fact that the efficiency of the MnO2 electro-dissolution/deposition process is less than 100%. This, in turn, could result in gradual pH changes and a lower Mn2+ concentration in the electrolyte during continues charging and discharging. This eventually results in lowering the energy and power density of the system. However, it is shown that an energy density of 25 Wh kg-1 is achievable, thus being comparable with similar hybrid systems. © 2012 The Electrochemical Society. All right reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Aqueous electrolyte Charge/discharge cycle Electrode reactions Electrodissolution Graphene composites High surface area Hybrid supercapacitors Potential windows Capacitors Deposition Dissolution Electrolytes Graphene Hybrid systems Manganese oxide 2012 0013-4651 159 9 A1554 A1561 10.1149/2.064208jes National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Chemical Process and Environmental Technology (ICPET-ITPCE) Institut de technologie des procédés chimiques et de l'environnement du CNRC (ITPCE-ICPET) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269421 4fb5ba18-4d3a-4ae1-ba58-c994bc0d9516 K.L. Malisza aut IBD IBD J.L. Buss aut R. Bruce Bolster aut P.D. de Gervai aut IBD IBD L. Woods-Frohlich aut R. Summers aut IBD IBD C.A. Clancy aut A.E. Chudley aut S. Longstaffe aut text article eng Background Alcohol related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) falls under the umbrella of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), but individuals do not demonstrate the facial characteristics associated with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), making diagnosis difficult. While attentional problems in ARND are similar to those found in attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the underlying impairment in attention pathways may be different. Methods Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of a working memory (1-back) task of 63 children, 10 to 14 years old, diagnosed with ARND and ADHD, as well as typically developing (TD) controls, was conducted at 3 T. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were also acquired. Results Activations were observed in posterior parietal and occipital regions in the TD group and in dorsolateral prefrontal and posterior parietal regions in the ARND group, whereas the ADHD group activated only dorsolateral prefrontal regions, during the working memory component of the task (1-back minus 0-back contrast). The increases in frontal and parietal activity were significantly greater in the ARND group compared to the other groups. This increased activity was associated with reduced accuracy and increased response time variability, suggesting that ARND subjects exert greater effort to manage short-term memory load. Significantly greater intra-subject variability, demonstrated by fMRI region-of-interest analysis, in the ADHD and ARND groups compared to the TD group suggests that momentto- moment lapses in attention contributed to their poorer task performance. Differences in functional activity in ARND subjects with and without a diagnosis of ADHD resulted primarily from reduced activation by the ARND/ADHD + group during the 0-back task. In contrast, children with ADHD alone clearly showed reduced activations during the 1-back task. DTI analysis revealed that the TD group had significantly higher total tract volume and number of fibers than the ARND group. These measures were negatively correlated with errors on the 1-back task, suggesting a link between white matter integrity and task performance. Conclusions fMRI activations suggest that the similar behavior of children with ARND and ADHD on a spatial working memory task is the result of different cognitive events. The nature of ADHD in children with ARND appears to differ from that of children with ADHD alone. © 2012 Malisza et al. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes atomoxetine fluoxetine olanzapine quetiapine risperidone adolescent alcohol related neurodevelopmental disorder article attention deficit disorder child comorbidity conduct disorder controlled study depression developmental disorder diffusion tensor imaging female fetal alcohol syndrome functional magnetic resonance imaging human learning disorder major clinical study male neuropsychological test occipital cortex oppositional defiant disorder posterior parietal cortex prefrontal cortex prenatal exposure psychologic assessment psychosocial disorder school child spatial memory task performance white matter working memory 2012 1866-1947 4 1 10.1186/1866-1955-4-12 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biodiagnostics (IBD-IBD) Institut du biodiagnostic du CNRC (IBD-IBD) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269429 076ab1cb-e45a-4d8e-b4cc-becd3b7001a0 A. Vakanski aut I. Mantegh aut AERO AERO A. Irish aut AERO AERO F. Janabi-Sharifi aut text article eng The main objective of this paper is to develop an efficient method for learning and reproduction of complex trajectories for robot programming by demonstration. Encoding of the demonstrated trajectories is performed with hidden Markov model, and generation of a generalized trajectory is achieved by using the concept of key points. Identification of the key points is based on significant changes in position and velocity in the demonstrated trajectories. The resulting sequences of trajectory key points are temporally aligned using the multidimensional dynamic time warping algorithm, and a generalized trajectory is obtained by smoothing spline interpolation of the clustered key points. The principal advantage of our proposed approach is utilization of the trajectory key points from all demonstrations for generation of a generalized trajectory. In addition, variability of the key points' clusters across the demonstrated set is employed for assigning weighting coefficients, resulting in a generalization procedure which accounts for the relevance of reproduction of different parts of the trajectories. The approach is verified experimentally for trajectories with two different levels of complexity. © 2012 IEEE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Complex trajectories Dynamic time warping Dynamic time warping algorithms Keypoints Programming by demonstration Robot programming by demonstration Smoothing spline Weighting coefficient Hidden Markov models Programmable robots Robot programming Robotics Trajectories 2012 1083-4419 42 4 6166903 1039 1052 14 10.1109/TSMCB.2012.2185694 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269431 5b319383-e246-4e65-9912-3491ae7b4f4f Q. Zhang aut IBD IBD R. Eagleson aut T.M. Peters aut text article eng In minimally invasive image-guided interventions, different imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and 3-D ultrasound (US), can provide complementary, multispectral image information. Dynamic image registration is a well-established approach that permits real-time diagnostic information to be enhanced by placing lower-quality real-time images within a high quality anatomical context. For the guidance of cardiac interventions, it would be valuable to register dynamic MRI or CT with intra-operative US. However, in practice, either the high computational cost prohibits such real-time visualization, or else the resulting image quality is not satisfactory for accurate interventional guidance. Modern graphics processing units (GPUs) provide the programmability, parallelism and increased computational precision to address this problem. In this paper, we first outline our research on dynamic 3-D cardiac MR and US image acquisition, real-time dual-modality registration and US tracking. Next, we describe our contributions on image processing and optimization techniques for 4-D (3-D + time) cardiac image rendering, and our GPU-accelerated methodologies for multimodality 4-D medical image visualization and optical blending, along with real-time synchronization of dual-modality dynamic cardiac images. Finally, multiple transfer functions, various image composition schemes, and an extended window-level setting and adjustment approach are proposed and applied to facilitate the dynamic volumetric MR and US cardiac data exploration and enhance the feature of interest of US image that is usually restricted to a narrow voxel intensity range. © 2012 IEEE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Cardiac imaging Dynamic textures extended window-level GPU Image compositing Real time visualization Blending Computerized tomography Heart Image registration Magnetic resonance imaging Optical data processing Program processors Synchronization Three dimensional computer graphics Transfer functions Ultrasonics Visualization Three dimensional algorithm article computer graphics computer simulation factual database four dimensional echocardiography human image processing methodology nuclear magnetic resonance imaging Algorithms Computer Graphics Computer Simulation Databases, Factual Echocardiography, Four-Dimensional Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine 2012 1089-7771 16 5 6220253 878 890 13 10.1109/TITB.2012.2205011 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biodiagnostics (IBD-IBD) Institut du biodiagnostic du CNRC (IBD-IBD) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269432 e8160fa1-12d3-4344-9bb6-0c4ffe1bb786 L. Ding aut X. Dai aut R. Lin aut H. Wang aut IFCI IIPC J. Qiao aut text article eng Carbon-supported CoPc-M (where M = Fe, Co, Ni, V as the second active component) nanoparticle catalysts have been synthesized via a combined solvent-impregnation and milling procedure along with the high-temperature treatment. The effects of metal addition and metal loading on the electrocatalytic activity of carbon-supported CoPc were studied. Both heated and unheated catalysts were characterized by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) employing a rotating disk electrode (RDE) in both acid and alkaline solutions to quantitatively obtain the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetic constants and the reaction mechanisms. The resulting CoPc-Fe/C of 40:60 ratio, heat-treated at 600°C, exhibited promising catalytic performance in terms of the ORR. The optimal loading of Fe was found to be 5 wt% when Fe loading was varied from 1 wt% to 8 wt% nominal. The transferred electron number, n, per oxygen molecule on CoPc-5%Fe/C electrode is in the range of 2.62-2.66 in acid solution and of 3.03-3.54 in alkaline solution compared to pure CoPc/C with the value of n in the range of 2.01-2.14 in acid solution and of 2.7-3.14 in alkaline solution, respectively. XRD, TEM and XPS analysis revealed that dispersion of the particle size of these carbon-supported catalysts is highly improved after modification of 5%Fe, thus the enhanced catalytic activities due to the increase in active centers which might be from the synergistic effect of Co-Nx and Fe-Nx. © 2012 The Electrochemical Society. All right reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Carbon-supported catalysts Electrocatalytic activity Electrochemical performance Enhanced catalytic activity High-temperature treatment Oxygen reduction reaction Oxygen reduction reaction kinetics Rotating disk electrodes Catalyst activity Cyclic voltammetry Electrolytic reduction Nickel Rate constants Rotating disks Synthesis (chemical) Carbon 2012 0013-4651 159 9 F577 F584 10.1149/2.058209jes National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation (IFCI-IIPC) Institut d'innovation en piles à combustible du CNRC (IIPC-IFCI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269433 6ab1d186-36b1-49f9-8ebf-27804c0a1088 C. Skierbiszewski aut M. Siekacz aut H. Turski aut G. Muzioł aut M. Sawicka aut A. Feduniewicz-Zmuda aut G. Cywiński aut C. Cheze aut S. Grzanka aut P. Perlin aut P. Wiśniewski aut Z.R. Wasilewski aut IMS ISM S. Porowski aut text article eng Room-temperature continuous wave lasing at 432nm with a threshold current of 7.6 kA/cm2 for nitride-based laser diodes (LDs) grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy is reported. The diodes were grown on c-plane GaN substrates with a threading dislocation density of 5 × 107 cm -2. We used a simplified laser structure design with GaN claddings where the optical modes were confined by the thick 120nm In 0:08Ga 0:92N waveguide. Our LDs show a high optical output power of 130mW, a differential gain of 0.5 W/A, and a lifetime of 50 h. © 2012 The Japan Society of Applied Physics. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Continuous wave lasing Differential gain GaN substrate Laser structures Optical modes Optical output power Plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy Room temperature Threading dislocation densities Threshold currents Gallium nitride Molecular beam epitaxy Epitaxial growth 2012 1882-0778 5 2 22104 10.1143/APEX.5.022104 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269434 2e73a629-fc64-498d-a24e-266215d4256e P. Barrette aut CHC CHC D. Sudom aut CHC CHC 22nd International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, ISOPE-2012, 17 June 2012 through 22 June 2012, Rhodes text article eng This paper summarizes the compilation of information on physical simulations of seabed scouring by ice keels, and the resulting database. Physical simulations are critical for a proper understanding of ice scouring phenomena. A total of 487 scour simulations from twentyeight studies are reported. General information about test facility, soil, keel type, model pipeline, test conditions and results are outlined. The database can be used as a tool to identify knowledge gaps and guide future testing programs, to generate empirical relationships between the parameters involved during this interaction, or to validate numerical models. Copyright © 2012 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE). yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Empirical relationships General information Keel Knowledge gaps Physical simulation Seabed Simulation Test condition Testing programs Database systems Geologic models Pipe Pipelines Scour Ice 2012 1098-6189 9781880653944 381 388 8 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Canadian Hydraulics Centre (CHC-CHC) Centre d'hydraulique canadien du CNRC (CHC-CHC) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269435 e872b6f9-03c0-4e48-a11e-fa0be059635c T. Hardy aut HIA IHA K. Hanna aut K. Szeto aut HIA IHA G. Burley aut HIA IHA High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy V, 1 July 2012 through 4 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng 2012 The instrumentation group of the Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics was commissioned by the Gemini Observatory to develop a new focal plane assembly for the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph with an array of three deep-depletion Hamamatsu CCDs. The main objective of the upgrade is to improve the sensitivity of the instrument in the red and nearinfrared wavelengths, with the additional benefits of reduced fringing, faster readout, and better performance in the "nod and shuffle" mode. We describe what we learned about these relatively new CCDs, including several problems encountered during testing, and report on the performance of the system. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Deep-depletion ESD Focal plane assemblies Hamamatsu High-resistivity Multi-object spectrograph Near-infrared wavelength Astrophysics Charge coupled devices Infrared detectors Spectrographs 9780819491541 84531Y 0277-786X 8453 10.1117/12.926834 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269416 2109529e-a22e-48f8-9fe1-8ce48099ba0e Constantine Don Palmer aut Wilfred A (Wilf) Keller Keller, Wilf aut ACRD DCRA Jas Singh aut Raju Datla aut ACRD DCRA text chapter eng The Brassica species occupies a large portion of the world's economically important cultivated crops. These include vegetables, oilseeds, condiments, and forages. These crops are grown globally under a wide range of climatic conditions. With current concerns for food and energy security, expanded use of crop products, and environmental stewardship, there is a pressing need to improve yield through greater efficiency of resource utilization. Water availability is the most limiting factor to crop productivity and with the predicted scarcity, due to climate change and increased nonagricultural demand, improving water use efficiency (WUE) in crop production is an imperative. Consequently, increased carbon assimilation per unit of water used by Brassica crops must not only be realized but this carbon must also be efficiently partitioned into the harvested product. Thus, these plants need to be equipped with the genetic capacity to extract more water from the soil under water-limited conditions, fix more carbon, and transpire less water. There is natural genetic variability for WUE and this can be used for screening germplasm to identify better genotypes. Evaporative demand is the driving force for water loss and WUE can be improved by increasing transpiration efficiency (TE), alteration in crop phenology, increased carbon fixation, and increased harvest index (HI) by greater partitioning of assimilates into harvestable product. Modification of root architecture, leaf morphology, and stomata conductance are important targets for developing cultivars with improved WUE. Drought tolerance is closely associated with WUE and factors contributing to maintenance of metabolic function under water-limited conditions contribute to improved WUE. Studies on Arabidopsis have contributed to significant advances in our understanding of WUE and drought tolerance. The use of genetic engineering and genomic tools has allowed for the incorporation of identified genetic factors for improving WUE and drought tolerance traits and will be vital to the development of new Brassica cultivars. The carbon fixation machinery, a vital component in yield, will require adjustments to deal with anticipated water deficits in order to take advantage of increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide as a result of climate change. Manipulation of assimilate partitioning and selection of genotypes with capacity to store water-soluble carbohydrates in stems that can be remobilized to harvestable structures are targets for improving WUE. To maintain high yields of Brassica crops with economic use of water will require substantial increases in our understanding of the biological processes associated with growth under water-limited conditions. The availability of potential gene targets from the present and future discoveries including rapid advances coming from application of genomic technologies may provide a valuable resource base for development of superior WUE Brassica crops in the coming years. yes yes brassica breeding drought tolerance transpiration efficiency water use efficiency yield 2012-03-30 1460 p. 9783527328406 2 50 1301 1314 14 10.1002/9783527632930.ch50 55849 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Développement des cultures et des ressources aquatiques National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269400 56778153-1af8-4d2b-a2c9-3398edcf1d8c E.T. McDevitt aut S.M. Oppenheimer aut R.M. Kearsey aut AERO AERO J. Tsang aut AERO AERO 7th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials, THERMEC'2011, 1 August 2011 through 5 August 2011, Quebec City, QC text article eng ATI 718Plus® alloy is a new, cast and wrought, Ni-base superalloy with a maximum use temperature approximately 55°C higher than alloy 718. The mechanical properties have been well characterized by turbine engine OEM's and the alloy has been specified for use as static components and blades in gas turbine engines. Broader use of ATI 718Plus alloy in engine disk applications requires detailed understanding of the damage tolerance under creep and cyclic loading conditions. The results of a large testing program to evaluate the crack growth behavior of ATI 718Plus alloy at temperatures between 649°C and 704°C under conditions of fatigue, dwell-fatigue, and creep are presented. Crack growth rates in ATI 718Plus alloy in this temperature range are lower than alloy 718 and comparable to Waspaloy under non-dwell-fatigue conditions, and comparable to alloy 720 in dwell-fatigue tests. © 2012 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Alloy 718 ATI 718Plus Cast and wrought Crack growth behavior Creep crack growth Cyclic loading conditions Engine disk Ni-base alloys Ni-base superalloys Temperature range Testing programs Turbine disks Turbine engine Waspaloy Cracks Creep Fatigue crack propagation Fatigue testing Gas turbines Growth (materials) Mechanical properties Software testing Superalloys Testing Turbomachine blades Alloys Crack propagation Nickel Cerium alloys 2012 0255-5476 9783037853030 706-709 2428 2433 6 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.706-709.2428 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269404 c6dfcdb0-ff9f-4ed2-8ff5-6b38a9a7deae A.H. Trojnar aut IMS ISM M. Korkusiński aut IMS ISM M. Potemski aut P. Hawrylak aut IMS ISM text article eng We present a microscopic theory of the magnetic field dependence of the optical properties of II-VI semiconductor quantum dots containing a single magnetic (Mn) impurity. The single-particle electron and heavy-hole states are described exactly by two-dimensional harmonic oscillators in a magnetic field, the Mn ion is treated as a spin of an isoelectronic impurity, and the quantum dot anisotropy is included perturbatively. The electron-hole direct, short-, and long-range exchange electron-hole Coulomb interactions, as well as the short-range spin-spin contact exchange interaction of the electron and the hole with the magnetic impurity is included. The electron-hole-Mn states are expanded in a finite number of configurations controlled by the number of confined electronic quantum dot shells and the full interacting Hamiltonian is diagonalized numerically in this basis. The absorption and emission spectrum is predicted as a function of photon energy, magnetic field, number of confined shells, and anisotropy. It is shown that the magnetic-field-induced enhancement of the exchange interaction of the Mn spin with the exciton is largely canceled by increased electron-hole Coulomb interactions. The predicted weak magnetic field dependence of the spacing of emission lines agrees well with the results of the spin model at low magnetic fields but differs at higher magnetic fields. Correlations in the exciton-Mn complex are predicted to determine absorption spectra. © 2012 American Physical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 1098-0121 85 16 165415 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.165415 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269407 f585a8b1-cabe-4665-bc89-1715702769b1 G.M. Kennedy aut M.C. Wyatt aut B. Sibthorpe aut G. Duchêne aut P. Kalas aut Brenda Matthews Matthews, B. C. aut HIA IHA J.S. Greaves aut K.Y.L. Su aut M.P. Fitzgerald aut text article eng We present resolved Herschel images of a circumbinary debris disc in the 99 Herculis system. The primary is a late F-type star. The binary orbit is well characterized and we conclude that the disc is misaligned with the binary plane. Two different models can explain the observed structure. The first model is a ring of polar orbits that move in a plane perpendicular to the binary pericentre direction. We favour this interpretation because it includes the effect of secular perturbations and the disc can survive for Gyr time-scales. The second model is a misaligned ring. Because there is an ambiguity in the orientation of the ring, which could be reflected in the sky plane, this ring either has near-polar orbits similar to the first model or has a 30° misalignment. The misaligned ring, interpreted as the result of a recent collision, is shown to be implausible from constraints on the collisional and dynamical evolution. Because disc+star systems with separations similar to 99 Herculis should form coplanar, possible formation scenarios involve either a close stellar encounter or binary exchange in the presence of circumstellar and/or circumbinary discs. Discovery and characterization of systems like 99 Herculis will help understand processes that result in planetary system misalignment around both single and multiple stars. © 2012 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2012 RAS. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0035-8711 421 3 2264 2276 13 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20448.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269409 b2ae89a1-bd3b-4920-8de6-e43be7803257 J.S. Kalirai aut H.B. Richer aut J. Anderson aut A. Dotter aut G.G. Fahlman aut HIA IHA B.M.S. Hansen aut J. Hurley aut I.R. King aut D. Reitzel aut R.M. Rich aut M.M. Shara aut P.B. Stetson aut HIA IHA K.A. Woodley aut text article eng In Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Cycle 17, we imaged the well-known globular star cluster 47 Tucanae for 121 orbits using the Wide Field Channel of the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) and both the UV/visible (UVIS) and IR channels of the newly installed Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) instrument (GO-11677, PI: H. Richer). This unique data set was obtained to address many scientific questions that demand a very deep, panchromatic, and panoramic view of the cluster's stellar populations. In total, the program obtained over 0.75Ms of imaging exposure time with the three HST cameras, over a time span of 9 months in 2010. The primary ACS field was imaged in the two broadband filters F606W and F814W, at 13 orientations, for all 121 orbits. The parallel WFC3 imaging provides a panchromatic (0.4-1.7 μm) and contiguous imaging swath over a 250° azimuthal range at impact radii of 6.5-17.9 pc in 47 Tuc. This imaging totals over 60 arcmin2 in area and utilizes the F390W and F606W broadband filters on WFC3/UVIS and the F110W and F160W broadband filters on WFC3/IR. In this paper, we describe the observational design of the new survey and one of the methods used to analyze all of the imaging data. This analysis combines over 700 full-frame images taken with the three HST cameras into a handful of ultra-deep, well-sampled combined images in each of the six filters. We discuss in detail the methods used to calculate accurate transformations that provide optimal alignment of the input images, the methods used to perform sky background offsets in the input stack and the flagging of deviant pixels, and the balance reached between the input-pixel drop size onto an output supersampled pixel grid. Careful photometric, morphological, and astrometric measurements are performed on the stacks using iterative PSF-fitting techniques, and reveal unprecedented color-magnitude diagrams of the cluster extending to >30th magnitude in the optical, 29th magnitude in the UV, and 27th magnitude in the IR. The data set provides a characterization of the complete stellar populations of 47 Tuc, extending from the faintest hydrogen-burning dwarfs through the main-sequence and giant branches down to very cool white dwarf remnants in the cluster. The imaging also provides the deepest probe of the stellar populations of the background Small Magellanic Cloud galaxy, resolving low-mass main-sequence dwarfs with M ≲ 0.2 M ⊙. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-6256 143 1 11 10.1088/0004-6256/143/1/11 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269411 0c6fb07e-7b19-454c-9475-9e7aba3dda0f N. Bartel aut M.F. Bietenholz aut D.E. Lebach aut J.I. Lederman aut L. Petrov aut R.R. Ransom aut HIA IHA M.I. Ratner aut I.I. Shapiro aut text article eng We made very long baseline interferometry observations at 8.4GHz between 1997 and 2005 to estimate the coordinates of the "core" component of the superluminal quasar, 3C454.3, the ultimate reference point in the distant universe for the NASA/Stanford Gyroscope Relativity Mission, Gravity Probe B (GP-B). These coordinates are determined relative to those of the brightness peaks of two other compact extragalactic sources, B2250+194 and B2252+172, nearby on the sky, and within a celestial reference frame (CRF), defined by a large suite of compact extragalactic radio sources, and nearly identical to the International Celestial Reference Frame 2 (ICRF2). We find that B2250+194 and B2252+172 are stationary relative to each other, and also in the CRF, to within 1σ upper limits of 15 and 30 μasyr -1 in α and δ, respectively. The core of 3C454.3 appears to jitter in its position along the jet direction over 0.2mas, likely due to activity close to the putative supermassive black hole nearby, but on average is stationary in the CRF within 1σ upper limits on its proper motion of 39 μasyr -1 (1.0c) and 30 μasyr -1 (0.8c) in α and δ, respectively, for the period 2002-2005. Our corresponding limit over the longer interval, 1998-2005, of more importance to GP-B, is 46 and 56 μasyr -1 in α and δ, respectively. Some of 3C454.3's jet components show significantly superluminal motion with speeds of up to 200 μasyr -1 or 5c in the CRF. The core of 3C454.3 thus provides for GP-B a sufficiently stable reference in the distant universe. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0067-0049 201 1 3 10.1088/0067-0049/201/1/3 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269414 a48d5989-8210-40a2-9356-78ce72cc920f A. Niedziela-Majka aut L. Lad aut J.W. Chisholm aut INH ISNS L. Lagpacan aut K. Schwartz aut M. Hung aut D. Jin aut W. Fung aut K.M. Brendza aut X. Liu aut N. Pagratis aut R. Sakowicz aut text article eng Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), a primary protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), plays an important role in cholesterol metabolism mediating the formation of HDL and the efflux of cellular cholesterol from macrophage foam cells in arterial walls. Lipidation of ApoA-I is mediated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette A1 (ABCA1). Insufficient ABCA1 activity may lead to increased risk of atherosclerosis due to reduced HDL formation and cholesterol efflux. The standard radioactive assay for measuring cholesterol transport to ApoA-I has low throughput and poor dynamic range, and it fails to measure phospholipid transfer. We describe the development of two sensitive, nonradioactive high-throughput assays that report on the lipidation of ApoA-I: a homogeneous assay based on time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) and a discontinuous assay that uses the label-free Epic platform. The TR-FRET assay employs HiLyte Fluor 647-labeled ApoA-I with N-terminal biotin bound to streptavidin-terbium. When fluorescent ApoA-I was incorporated into HDL, TR-FRET decreased proportionally to the increase in the ratio of lipids to ApoA-I, demonstrating that the assay was sensitive to the amount of lipid bound to ApoA-I. In the Epic assay, biotinylated ApoA-I was captured on a streptavidin-coated biosensor. Measured resonant wavelength shift was proportional to the amount of lipids associated with ApoA-I, indicating that the assay senses ApoA-I lipidation. © 2012 Society for Laboratory Automation and Screening. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes ABC transporter A1 apolipoprotein A1 biotin high density lipoprotein cholesterol lipid streptavidin terbium amino terminal sequence artery wall article atherosclerosis biotinylation cholesterol metabolism cholesterol transport controlled study fluorescence resonance energy transfer foam cell high throughput screening human human cell lipid analysis phospholipid transfer priority journal protein determination radioactivity risk assessment Apolipoprotein A-I Atherosclerosis ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters Biotin Cells, Cultured Cholesterol Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Fluorescent Dyes High-Throughput Screening Assays Humans Lipid Metabolism Lipids Lipoproteins, HDL Macrophages Streptavidin 2012 1087-0571 17 8 1050 1061 12 10.1177/1087057112451923 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Nutrisciences and Health (INH-ISNS) Institut des sciences nutritionnelles et de la santé du CNRC (ISNS-INH) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269417 0c65e909-444a-4fc9-8e51-edaf0d8fc109 N. Kachurina aut B. Turcotte aut M. Whiteway aut BRI IRB text article eng The Candida albicans MYO5 gene encodes myosin I, a protein required for the formation of germ tubes and true hyphae. Because the polarized growth of opaque-phase cells in response to pheromone results in mating projections that can resemble germ tubes, we examined the role of Myo5p in this process. We localized green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Myo5p in opaquephase cells of C. albicans during both bud and shmoo formation. In vegetatively growing opaque cells, Myo5p is found at sites of bud emergence and bud growth, while in pheromone-stimulated cells, Myo5p localizes at the growing tips of shmoos. Intriguingly, cells homozygous for MTLa in which the MYO5 gene was deleted failed to switch efficiently from the white phase to the opaque phase, although ectopic expression of WOR1 from the MET3 promoter can convert myo5 mutants into mating-competent opaque cells. However, when WOR1 expression was shut off, the myo5-defective cells rapidly lost both their opaque phenotype and mating competence, suggesting that Myo5p is involved in the maintenance of the opaque state. When MYO5 is expressed conditionally in opaque cells, the opaque phenotype, as well as the mating ability of the cells, becomes unstable under repressive conditions, and quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated that the shutoff of MYO5 expression correlates with a dramatic reduction in WOR1 expression. It appears that while myosin I is not directly required for mating in C. albicans, it is involved in WOR1 expression and the white-opaque transition and thus is indirectly implicated in mating. © 2012, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes fungal protein green fluorescent protein myosin I transcription factor allele article Candida albicans culture medium fungal gene gene expression regulation gene inactivation gene regulatory network genetic transcription genetics metabolism phenotype physiology promoter region real time polymerase chain reaction regulator gene Alleles Candida albicans Culture Media Fungal Proteins Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal Gene Knockout Techniques Gene Regulatory Networks Genes, Mating Type, Fungal Genes, Switch Green Fluorescent Proteins Myosin Type I Phenotype Promoter Regions, Genetic Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Transcription Factors Transcription, Genetic Candida albicans 2012 1535-9778 11 5 626 637 12 10.1128/EC.00021-12 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI-IRB) Institut de recherche en biotechnologie du CNRC (IRB-BRI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269419 26c4ecb3-59ad-4ebd-a1d9-7280ed2016db Laura Ferrarese Ferrarese, L. aut NSI ISN Patrick J D (Pat) Côté Côté, P. aut NSI ISN J.-C. Cuillandre aut Stephen Gwyn Gwyn, S.D.J. aut NSI ISN E.W. Peng aut Lauren MacArthur MacArthur, L.A. aut NSI ISN P.-A. Duc aut A. Boselli aut S. Mei aut T. Erben aut Alan McConnachie McConnachie, A.W. aut NSI ISN P.R. Durrell aut J. Christopher Mihos aut A. Jordán aut A. Lançon aut T.H. Puzia aut E. Emsellem aut M.L. Balogh aut John P Blakeslee Blakeslee, J.P. aut NSI ISN L. Van Waerbeke aut R. Gavazzi aut B. Vollmer aut JJ Kavelaars Kavelaars, J.J. aut NSI ISN D. Woods aut N.M. Ball aut S. Boissier aut S. Courteau aut E. Ferriere aut G. Gavazzi aut H. Hildebrandt aut P. Hudelot aut M. Huertas-Company aut C. Liu aut D. McLaughlin aut Y. Mellier aut M. Milkeraitis aut David Schade Schade, D. aut NSI ISN C. Balkowski aut F. Bournaud aut R.G. Carlberg aut S.C. Chapman aut H. Hoekstra aut C. Peng aut M. Sawicki aut Luc Simard Simard, L. aut NSI ISN J.E. Taylor aut R. Brent Tully aut W. Van Driel aut C.D. Wilson aut T. Burdullis aut B. Mahoney aut N. Manset aut text article eng The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS) is a program that uses the 1 deg 2 MegaCam instrument on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope to carry out a comprehensive optical imaging survey of the Virgo cluster, from its core to its virial radius - covering a total area of 104 deg 2 - in the u*griz bandpasses. Thanks to a dedicated data acquisition strategy and processing pipeline, the NGVS reaches a point-source depth of g 25.9 mag (10σ) and a surface brightness limit of μ g 29 mag arcsec -2 (2σ above the mean sky level), thus superseding all previous optical studies of this benchmark galaxy cluster. In this paper, we give an overview of the technical aspects of the survey, such as areal coverage, field placement, choice of filters, limiting magnitudes, observing strategies, data processing and calibration pipelines, survey timeline, and data products. We also describe the primary scientific topics of the NGVS, which include: the galaxy luminosity and mass functions; the color-magnitude relation; galaxy scaling relations; compact stellar systems; galactic nuclei; the extragalactic distance scale; the large-scale environment of the cluster and its relationship to the Local Supercluster; diffuse light and the intracluster medium; galaxy interactions and evolutionary processes; and extragalactic star clusters. In addition, we describe a number of ancillary programs dealing with "foreground" and "background" science topics, including the study of high-inclination trans-Neptunian objects; the structure of the Galactic halo in the direction of the Virgo Overdensity and Sagittarius Stream; the measurement of cosmic shear, galaxy-galaxy, and cluster lensing; and the identification of distant galaxy clusters, and strong-lensing events. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0067-0049 200 1 4 10.1088/0067-0049/200/1/4 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269403 7c99735e-6c45-4ea3-b751-6cb8a6801f4f C.E. Dumitrescu aut ICPET ITPCE W. Stuart Neill aut ICPET ITPCE H. Guo aut ICPET ITPCE V. Hosseini aut ICPET ITPCE W.L. Chippior aut ICPET ITPCE text article eng An experimental study was performed to investigate fuel property effects on premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion in a heavy-duty diesel engine. A matrix of research diesel fuels designed by the Coordinating Research Council, referred to as the Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines (FACE), was used. The fuel matrix design covers a wide range of cetane numbers (30 to 55), 90% distillation temperatures (270 to 340° C) and aromatics content (20 to 45%). The fuels were tested in a single-cylinder Caterpillar diesel engine equipped with a common-rail fuel injection system. The engine was operated at 900 rpm, a relative air/fuel ratio of 1.2 and 60% exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) for all fuels. The study was limited to a single fuel injection event starting between -30° and 0° CA after top dead center (aTDC) with a rail pressure of 150 MPa. The brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) ranged from 2.6 to 3.1 bar depending on the fuel and its injection timing. The experimental results show that cetane number was the most important fuel property affecting PCCI combustion behavior. The low cetane number fuels had better brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) due to more optimized combustion phasing and shorter combustion duration. They also had a longer ignition delay period available for premixing, which led to near-zero soot emissions. The two fuels with high cetane number and high 90 distillation temperature produced significant soot emissions. The two fuels with high cetane number and high aromatics produced the highest brake specific NO x emissions, although the absolute values were below 0.1 g/kW-h. Brake specific HC and CO emissions were primarily a function of the combustion phasing, but the low cetane number fuels had slightly higher HC and lower CO emissions than the high cetane number fuels. © 2012 American Society of Mechanical Engineers. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Absolute values Air/fuel ratio Brake mean effective pressures Brake specific fuel consumption CO emissions Combustion duration Combustion engines Combustion phasing Common rail Distillation temperature experimental Experimental studies Fuel injection systems Fuel matrix Fuel properties Heavy-duty diesel engine Ignition delays Injection timing matrix PCCI combustion Premixed charge compression ignition Premixing Rail pressures Soot emissions Top dead center Antiknock rating Brakes Design Diesel engines Diesel fuels Distillation Fuel injection Ignition Internal combustion engines Soot Fuels 2012 0742-4795 134 5 52801 10.1115/1.4005213 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Chemical Process and Environmental Technology (ICPET-ITPCE) Institut de technologie des procédés chimiques et de l'environnement du CNRC (ITPCE-ICPET) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269406 6c741167-82be-4b21-ae00-8375faf7868b M. Spanner aut SIMS ISSM S. Patchkovskii aut SIMS ISSM C. Zhou aut S. Matsika aut M. Kotur aut T.C. Weinacht aut text article eng The extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) and strong-field valence ionization of cytosine and uracil is considered. We examine some simple estimates of the relative yields of the cation states populated following ionization and compare these to the results of a recently developed ab initio-type numerical model designed to compute strong-field ionization of molecules, the so-called time-dependent resolution in ionic states (TD-RIS) method. In analogy with one-photon XUV ionization, where the photoionization matrix elements can be related to the Dyson orbitals, we construct estimates for the yield of strong-field ionization (SFI) to different cation states based on the Dyson orbital norms and the Keldysh tunneling ionization rate. In the case of XUV ionization, the Dyson norms are shown to be good predictors of the relative cation yields when compared with the TD-RIS yields. The Dyson- and Keldysh-based models underestimate the yield to excited cation states in the case of SFI. The increased yield to the excited cation states in the TD-RIS results is attributed to the inclusion of multielectron effects and continuum structure not present in the simple models. The molecular Ammosov-Delone-Krainov (MO-ADK) method of calculating SFI is also considered. This later method is seen to agree more closely with the Dyson- and Keldysh-based estimates as it also fails to capture the multielectron effects and continuum structure included in the TD-RIS approach. ©2012 American Physical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Ammosov-Delone-Krainov Continuum structures Dyson orbital Extreme ultraviolets Ionic state Matrix elements Multi-electron Polyatomics Strong field ionization Time-dependent Tunneling ionization Valence ionization Aromatic compounds Estimation Interlocking signals Positive ions Photoionization 2012 1050-2947 86 5 53406 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.053406 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences (SIMS-ISSM) Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC (ISSM-SIMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269408 0382aa20-288c-410e-b8e4-b6414a830f0f K. Fischer aut E. Vinogradov aut IBS ISB B. Lindner aut H. Heine aut O. Holst aut text article eng The Gram-positive bacterium Lactococcus lactis G121 is a farm isolate that protects mice from ovalbumin-induced asthma. To understand the molecular mechanisms of such allergy-protective properties, the isolation and characterization of cell envelope constituents is crucial. Here, structural analyses of the extracellular teichoic acid (EC TA) from L. lactis G121 are presented. Extraction with 0.9 % saline afforded a crude TA fraction. Consecutive size exclusion chromatography on Biogel P60 and P10 matrix was performed to purify the sample. Chemical component analyses, high-resolution electrospray ionization Fourier-transformed ion cyclotron mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were conducted for structural elucidation. The EC TA was a poly(glycosylglycerol phosphate) molecule with a repeating unit of -6)-[β- d-Glcp -(1→3)-][α- d-Glcp NAc-(1→4)-]α- d-Galp NAc-(1→3)-β-d-Glcp NAc-(1→2)-glycerol-(1- P -). Copyright © by Walter de Gruyter • Berlin • Boston. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes antiallergic agent extracellular teichoic acid sodium chloride teichoic acid unclassified drug allergic asthma article chemical structure controlled study electrospray mass spectrometry extraction gel permeation chromatography ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry Lactococcus lactis nonhuman priority journal proton nuclear magnetic resonance Animals Carbohydrate Sequence Hypersensitivity Lactococcus lactis Mice Molecular Sequence Data Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization Teichoic Acids 2012 1431-6730 393 8 749 755 7 10.1515/hsz-2012-0142 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269410 1463305d-cd2d-4694-97d6-5be431f56e7f J.J. Xu aut K. Fung aut J.D. Glicksman aut M.G. Brandt aut G. Campbell aut IMI IMI text article eng Background: The ability to palpate neck masses and lymph nodes and appreciate qualities such as size, location, and consistency is critical for patient care and an important clinical skill for all physicians. Medical students currently learn neck palpation by practicing on healthy, standardized patients; however, studies of similar procedures have shown that educational models with simulated pathology help improve technique and confidence. Objective: Our goal was to create a tissue-mimicking neck model with palpable masses. Methods: Iterative design and development of a high-fidelity neck model using polyvinyl alcohol-cryogel (PVA-C), a nontoxic and biocompatible polymer that exhibits favourable tissue-mimicking elastic properties. Model geometries were digitally reconstructed from high-resolution cadaveric magnetic resonance imaging sections to create physical moulds through stereolithography. PVA-C was formulated to mimic the characteristics of human tissue. Results: A life-like neckmodelwas built and consists of these components: muscle, larynx, spine, soft tissue, pathologic nodes, and skin. Discussion: A final neck model prototype has been completed and will be evaluated by otolaryngology consultants and residents for face and construct validity and assessed in a randomized, controlled trial to evaluate how it impacts students' ability to detect neck masses. © 2012 The Canadian Society of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes polyvinyl alcohol article cryogel elasticity geometry image reconstruction lymph node medical education neck neck tumor nuclear magnetic resonance imaging palpation priority journal simulation stereolithography Education, Medical Head and Neck Neoplasms Humans Imaging, Three-Dimensional Lymph Nodes Magnetic Resonance Imaging Models, Anatomic Neck Palpation Reproducibility of Results Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2012 1916-0216 41 2 145 151 7 10.2310/7070.2011.110274 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Industrial Materials Institute (IMI-IMI) Institut des matériaux industriels du CNRC (IMI-IMI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269412 0affbcb9-23a4-4bbd-b710-b75d8ff69ba2 Marc Ibrahim aut Jens Holger Schmid Schmid, Jens H. aut IMS ISM Alireza Aleali aut Pavel Cheben aut IMS ISM Jean Lapointe aut IMS ISM Siegfried Janz aut IMS ISM Przemek Bock Bock, Przemek J. aut IMS ISM Adam Densmore aut IMS ISM Boris Lamontagne aut IMS ISM Rubin Ma aut IMS ISM Dan-Xia Xu aut IMS ISM Winnie N. Ye aut text article eng In this paper, athermal silicon waveguides using bridged subwavelength grating (BSWG) structures are proposed and investigated. The realization of temperature-independent BSWG waveguides for both polarizations is demonstrated numerically and experimentally. SU-8 polymer is used as the cladding material to compensate for the positive thermo-optic (TO) coefficient (dn/dT) of silicon. We investigate the dependence of the effective TO coefficient of BSWG waveguides on both the bridge width and grating duty cycle. The BSWG waveguides have a width of 490 nm, a height of 260 nm, and a grating pitch of 250 nm. Athermal behavior is achieved for both the transverse-magnetic (TM) and the transverse-electric (TE) polarized light for a variety of bridge width and duty cycle combinations. Furthermore, the BSWGs can be designed to be athermal for both TE and TM polarization simultaneously. © 2012 Optical Society of America. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Cladding material Duty cycles Grating pitch Silicon waveguide SU-8 polymer Sub-wave length grating Thermooptic coefficients TM polarization Cladding (coating) Polarization Waveguides 2012 1094-4087 20 16 18356 18361 6 10.1364/OE.20.018356 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269413 2bae0364-f8fe-4199-8766-0842e0c27a30 M. Ibrahim aut A. Aleali aut Jens Holger Schmid Schmid, J.H. aut IMS ISM Pavel Cheben Cheben, P. aut IMS ISM Jean Lapointe Lapointe, J. aut IMS ISM Siegfried Janz Janz, S. aut IMS ISM Przemek Bock Bock, P.J. aut IMS ISM Adam Densmore Densmore, A. aut IMS ISM Boris Lamontagne Lamontagne, B. aut IMS ISM Rubin Ma Ma, R. aut IMS ISM Dan-Xia Xu Xu, D.-X. aut IMS ISM W.N. Ye aut Photonics North 2012, 6 June 2012 through 8 June 2012, Montreal, QC text article eng Athermal operation of silicon waveguides for the TM and TE mode is achieved using the bridged subwavelength grating (BSWG) waveguide geometry. For the TM mode the experimental results show that the temperature-induced wavelength shift (dλ/dT) is an order of magnitude smaller for the BSWG waveguides with grating duty cycle, waveguide and bridge widths of 42%, 490 nm and 220 nm, respectively, as compared to standard photonics wires (PW). For the TE mode similar results are achieved by using the bridge width of 200 nm and similar duty cycle and waveguide width. A temperature-induced shift of only -2.5 pm/°C is reported for the TM polarized light. Propagation losses of BSWG waveguides for both polarizations were measured to be about 8 dB/cm, comparable to that of PWs. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Athermal Grating duty cycle Silicon photonics Sub-wave length grating Thermo-optic coefficients Electric losses Photonics Silicon Waveguides 2012 0277-786X 9780819490902 8412 84120Z 10.1117/12.2001480 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269399 ba120e3d-7fe7-49ed-b59e-5af7f14248cf K.A. Hoop aut SIMS ISSM D.C. Kennedy aut T. Mishki aut G.P. Lopinski aut J.P. Pezacki aut SIMS ISSM text article eng The benzoin condensation that involves the umpolung coupling of two aldehyde groups has been applied to the formation of functionalized silicon and silicon oxide surfaces using thiamine and other N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis in water. This bioorthogonal conjugation of an aldehyde to a modified silicon or silicon oxide surface has been monitored and characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy. NHC catalysis was found to be efficient in water mediating full conversion of the aldehyde functionalized silicon oxide surfaces at the interface. © 2012 Published by NRC Research Press. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Benzoin condensation Catalysis in water Functionalized N-heterocyclic carbenes Silicon oxide surfaces Surface functionalization Umpolung Aldehydes Catalysis Condensation Functional groups Silicon Silicon compounds X ray photoelectron spectroscopy Silicon oxides 2012 0008-4042 90 3 262 270 9 10.1139/v11-157 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences (SIMS-ISSM) Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC (ISSM-SIMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269394 631af60e-3a6e-4831-9905-2e0a46f11cdb J. Sun aut M. Martinez-Canales aut D.D. Klug aut SIMS ISSM C.J. Pickard aut R.J. Needs aut text article eng Computational searches for structures of solid oxygen under high pressures in the multi-TPa range are carried out using density-functional-theory methods. We find that molecular oxygen persists to about 1.9 TPa at which it transforms into a semiconducting square-spiral-like polymeric structure (I4 1/acd) with a band gap of ∼3.0eV. Solid oxygen forms a metallic zigzag chainlike structure (Cmcm) at about 3.0 TPa, but the chains in each layer gradually merge as the pressure is increased and a structure of Fmmm symmetry forms at about 9.3 TPa in which each atom has four nearest neighbors. The superconducting properties of molecular oxygen do not vary much with compression, although the structure becomes more symmetric. The electronic properties of oxygen have a complex evolution with pressure, swapping between insulating, semiconducting, and metallic. © 2012 American Physical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Chainlike structure Complex evolutions High pressure Nearest neighbors Oxygen molecule Polymeric structures Solid oxygen Superconducting properties Density functional theory Electronic properties Molecular oxygen 2012 0031-9007 108 4 45503 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.045503 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences (SIMS-ISSM) Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC (ISSM-SIMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269395 dd84ca59-a04e-41e5-9b4b-453aea245872 A.P. Bonifas aut NINT INNT R.L. McCreery aut NINT INNT text article eng To understand the mechanism of bias-induced resistance switching observed in polypyrrole (PPy) based solid state junctions, in situ UV-vis absorption spectroscopy was employed to monitor oxidation states within PPy layers in solution and in PPy/metal oxide junctions. For PPy layers in acetonitrile, oxidation led primarily to cationic polaron formation, while oxidation in 0.1 M NaOH in H 2O resulted in imine formation, caused by deprotonation of polarons. On the basis of these results in solution, spectroelectrochemistry was used to monitor bias-induced formation of polarons and imines in PPy layers incorporated into solid state carbon/PPy/Al 2O 3/Pt junctions. A positive bias on the carbon electrode caused PPy oxidation, with the formation of polaron and imine species strongly dependent on the surrounding environment. The spectral changes associated with polarons or imines were stable for at least several hours after the applied bias, while a negative bias reversed the absorbance changes back to the initial PPy spectrum. These results indicate that PPy can be oxidized in nominally solid state devices, and the formation of stable polarons is dependent on the tendency for deprotonation of the polaron to the imine. Since PPy conductivity depends strongly on the polaron concentration, monitoring its concentration is critical to determining resistance switching mechanisms. Furthermore, the importance of ion mobility and OH - generation through H 2O reduction at the Pt contact are discussed. © 2012 American Chemical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Absorbance change Applied bias Carbon electrode Imine formation In-situ Ion Mobility Negative bias Oxidation state Oxide junction Polaron formation Polypyrrole (PPy) Positive bias Resistance switching Solid-state carbon Spectral change Surrounding environment Acetonitrile Electric resistance Heterojunctions Nitrogen compounds Oxidation Platinum Polypyrroles Redox reactions Solid state devices Spectroelectrochemistry Ultraviolet spectroscopy Polarons 2012 0003-2700 84 5 2459 2465 7 10.1021/ac2032047 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Institute for Nanotechnology (NINT-INNT) Institut national de nanotechnologie (INNT-NINT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269397 25df34b7-0d08-437d-8315-a50684bcf0a5 Y. Li aut IMI IMI L. Xue aut IMI IMI text article eng The repair of worn-out components requires the extraction of their actual geometry. To acquire the surface contour, a laser displacement sensor and a CNC motion system are typically used. One of the factors that affect the measuring accuracy is the sensor's resolution. A high resolution sensor usually has a short measuring range. Therefore, a contour with a large peak-to-valley height cannot usually be measured using a short range sensor. In this research, a measurement system of tracking target surface was developed. The proposed measurement system has been used for repair of worn-out components using laser cladding. Copyright © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Contour tracking Displacement sensor High resolution sensors Laser displacement sensors Measurement system Measuring accuracy Motion system Range sensors Surface contour Target surface Contour measurement Laser cladding Measurements Repair Sensors Displacement measurement 2012 1750-0591 7 1 26 41 16 10.1504/IJMR.2012.045242 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Industrial Materials Institute (IMI-IMI) Institut des matériaux industriels du CNRC (IMI-IMI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269401 9cc28450-2e39-4346-86ea-f506da63978b C. Liu aut O. Salehzadeh aut P.J. Poole aut IMS ISM S.P. Watkins aut K.L. Kavanagh aut text article eng Copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) electrical contacts to gallium arsenide (GaAs) and indium arsenide (InAs) nanowires (NWs) have been fabricated via electrodeposition. For undoped or low carbon-doped (10 17/cm 3), p-type GaAs NWs, Cu or Fe nucleate and grow only on the gold catalyst at the NW tip, avoiding the sidewalls. Metal growth is limited by the Au contact resistance due to thick sidewall depletion layers. For InAs NWs and heavier-doped, core-shell (undoped core-C-doped shell) GaAs NWs, metal nucleation and growth occurs on the sidewalls as well as on the gold catalyst limited now by the ion electrolyte diffusivity. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Core-shell Depletion layer Electrical contacts GaAs Gold catalysts InAs Metal growth Nucleation and growth P-type GaAs Semiconductor nanowire Catalysts Electrodeposition Gold Indium arsenide Nanowires Semiconducting gallium Gallium arsenide 2012 0268-1242 27 10 105020 10.1088/0268-1242/27/10/105020 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269402 c0cfd275-6136-42e6-8f4a-7d6afd483cbc D.-T. Nguyen aut R. Alizadeh aut J.J. Beaudoin aut CONST CONST L. Raki aut CONST CONST text article eng Microindentation creep measurements were obtained on compacted specimens of several secondary hydrated cement phases in equilibrium with water vapor at 11%RH. Values of creep modulus, indentation modulus and indentation hardness for calcium hydroxide, ettringite, gypsum and calcium carbonate are reported. The porosity dependence of these parameters was established and the significance of porosity on the time-dependent deformation of these materials was discussed. In addition the microindentation creep behavior of pure C-S-H and C3S paste hydrated 32 years was determined. The discussion focuses on the relative importance of the contribution of the secondary phases in hydrated cement-based materials to creep with respect to the more 'active' C-S-H phase. © 2012 RILEM. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes article in press 2012 1359-5997 1 7 7 10.1617/s11527-012-9993-0 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Construction (CONST-CONST) Construction (CONST-CONST) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269405 69188546-7213-43e6-bfba-8f725ea32ef5 A.E. Boguslavskiy aut SIMS ISSM J. Mikosch aut SIMS ISSM A. Gijsbertsen aut SIMS ISSM M. Spanner aut SIMS ISSM S. Patchkovskii aut SIMS ISSM N. Gador aut M.J.J. Vrakking aut A. Stolow aut SIMS ISSM text article eng Subcycle strong-field ionization (SFI) underlies many emerging spectroscopic probes of atomic or molecular attosecond electronic dynamics. Extending methods such as attosecond high harmonic generation spectroscopy to complex polyatomic molecules requires an understanding of multielectronic excitations, already hinted at by theoretical modeling of experiments on atoms, diatomics, and triatomics. Here, we present a direct method which, independent of theory, experimentally probes the participation of multiple electronic continua in the SFI dynamics of polyatomic molecules. We use saturated (n-butane) and unsaturated (1,3-butadiene) linear hydrocarbons to show how subcycle SFI of polyatomics can be directly resolved into its distinct electronic-continuum channels by above-threshold ionization photoelectron spectroscopy. Our approach makes use of photoelectron-photofragment coincidences, suiting broad classes of polyatomic molecules. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes hydrocarbon electron hydrocarbon ionization spectroscopy timescale absorption absorption spectroscopy article chemical structure electron geometry ionization laser multielectron ionization dynamics photon priority journal spectroscopy 2012 0036-8075 335 6074 1336 1340 5 10.1126/science.1212896 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences (SIMS-ISSM) Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC (ISSM-SIMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269396 ac273dda-8290-48f8-a5a0-6deb7e395b38 A. Parisien aut F. Al-Zarka aut G. Hussack aut IBS ISB E.A. Baranova aut J. Thibault aut C. Qingdao Lan aut text article eng Nickel nanoparticles (NNPs) synthesized by a modified polyol method using ethylene glycol as a reducing agent, palladium chloride as a nucleating agent, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a protective agent were investigated as a potential magnetic adsorbent for the purification of hexahistidine-tagged (His6-tagged) recombinant proteins. The synthesis resulted in nanoparticles having an average diameter of 6828 nm. The x-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the presence of nickel metal, as well as the presence of unreacted nickel (II) hydroxide Ni(OH)2. Magnetic characterization showed that a magnetization saturation of 39.3 electromagnetic unit (emu)/g at 20,000 Oersted (Oe) was reached rapidly and that the material exhibited ferromagnetic behavior. Protein purification results showed that the synthesized NNPs were highly selective for binding to a His6-tagged recombinant protein single-domain antibody ToxA5.1. In addition, NNPs were used for four adsorption cycles without significant binding capacity losses. These particles have shown great potential such as being easily synthesized, cost-effective, and highly selective magnetic adsorbents for the purification of His6-tagged recombinant proteins. © Copyright © Materials Research Society 2012. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Adsorption cycle Average diameter Binding capacities Ferromagnetic behaviors magnetic Magnetic adsorbents Magnetic characterization Magnetization-saturation Modified polyol method Nickel nanoparticles Nucleating agents Palladium chloride Polyvinyl pyrrolidone Protective agents Protein purification Single domains Adsorbents Adsorption Alcohols Amino acids Antibodies Chlorine compounds Ethylene glycol Magnetic domains Nanomagnetics Nanoparticles Nickel Nickel compounds Palladium Purification Recombinant proteins Saturation magnetization X ray diffraction Biosynthesis 2012 0884-2914 27 22 2884 2890 7 10.1557/jmr.2012.323 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269398 b1c3d0e3-befa-4853-86c1-742479160b0e J.S. Greaves aut A.S. Hales aut B.S. Mason aut B.C. Matthews aut HIA IHA text article eng Two luminous debris discs around 100 Myr old have been searched for 1 cm dust emission, to a depth three times greater than in any such previous study. Very low limits were set towards both HD 377 and HD 104860 (noise levels of 12-14 μJy), extending the spectral range from 70 μm to 3mm where cool dust has previously been sought. The almost-identical fluxes of the two systems were merged into an average spectral energy distribution, which was then fitted using a distribution of grain sizes. The canonical infinite collisional cascade, with numbers of particles n(D)∝D -3.5 for diameter D, overpredicts the 1-cm flux, which should have been detected at over 3σ for the merged system. Preferred solutions have truncated grain populations with largest particles around 1.5-4mm in diameter, and slightly flatter distributions, up to n(D)∝D -3.1. The lack of cm-sized and larger particles is reminiscent of the similar deficit inferred around comets from spacecraft encounters. Such departures from simple power-law distributions of particles have been predicted in recent models where some size regimes are more readily broken up than others. A deficit of cm-scale particles can explain the fits we obtain, and reduces the total masses inferred for the comet belts of these stars. © 2012 The Authors. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. © 2012 RAS. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 1745-3933 423 1 L70 L74 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2012.01259.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269392 ed05b845-0f81-4186-a829-69eb29a21aa7 B. Ashrafi aut AERO AERO L. Johnson aut AERO AERO Y. Martinez-Rubi aut SIMS ISSM M. Martinez aut AERO AERO N. Mrad aut text article eng Cracks are one of the primary forms of damage that can lead to the catastrophic failure of metallic structures. This study focuses on the application of epoxy nanocomposite thin film sensors for continuous monitoring of crack evolution in metallic structures. The core approach was to monitor the current (or resistance) change in these nanocomposite films, as cracks develop and propagate in the metallic host structure. Based on optical, electrical, and mechanical properties of epoxy resins modified with different contents of single-walled carbon nanotubes, two different nanocomposites (with 0.3 and 1.0 wt%) were chosen for the development of a crack sensor. The performance of the nanocomposite sensors was evaluated under tension-tension fatigue tests, on aluminum coupons with centrally located through thickness electrical discharge machining notches. Crack growth in the aluminum was found to transfer to the nanocomposite films in a stable mode. Once the crack was established, a linear correlation was found between the measured current and crack length with a slope of -10 -11 and -10 -8 A/mm for 0.3 and 1.0 wt% nanocomposites, respectively. Contact between the asperities formed on the crack surfaces in the nanocomposite film while the crack was closed at small loads (<30% of maximum load) was found to be an important limiting factor causing a large variation in measured currents during each fatigue cycle. Hence, a normalized variable based upon current change during each cycle was defined, providing a more accurate measurement of the crack size, with a crack gauge factor of ~0.04 mm -1. In summary, the nanocomposite thin film sensor developed in this study offers both continuous crack growth monitoring and the possibility of strain sensing. The sensor is also suitable for visual inspection of the host structure due to the transparency of the developed nanocomposite film. © The Author(s) 2012. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Accurate measurement Catastrophic failures Continuous monitoring Crack evolution Crack length Crack monitoring Crack sensors Crack sizes Crack surfaces Current change Electrical discharge machining Epoxy nanocomposites Fatigue cycles Gauge factors Growth monitoring Host structure Linear correlation Maximum load Measured currents Metallic hosts Metallic structures Nanocomposite thin films Single-walled carbon Small load Stable modes Strain sensing Visual inspection Aluminum Carbon nanotubes Crack detection Epoxy resins Fatigue testing Mechanical properties Nanocomposite films Nanocomposites Sensors Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCN) Structural health monitoring Cracks 2012 1475-9217 11 5 589 601 13 10.1177/1475921712449509 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences (SIMS-ISSM) Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC (ISSM-SIMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269393 54bcefca-a988-4609-8cbf-ad61697452cd M.F. Bietenholz aut N. Bartel aut D.E. Lebach aut R.R. Ransom aut HIA IHA M.I. Ratner aut I.I. Shapiro aut text article eng We present measurements of the total radio flux density as well as very long baseline interferometry images of the star, IM Pegasi, which was used as the guide star for the NASA/Stanford relativity mission Gravity ProbeB. We obtained flux densities and images from 35 sessions of observations at 8.4GHz (λ = 3.6cm) between 1997 January and 2005 July. The observations were accurately phase-referenced to several extragalactic reference sources, and we present the images in a star-centered frame, aligned by the position of the star as derived from our fits to its orbital motion, parallax, and proper motion. Both the flux density and the morphology of IM Peg are variable. For most sessions, the emission region has a single-peaked structure, but 25% of the time, we observed a two-peaked (and on one occasion perhaps a three-peaked) structure. On average, the emission region is elongated by 1.4 ± 0.4mas (FWHM), with the average direction of elongation being close to that of the sky projection of the orbit normal. The average length of the emission region is approximately equal to the diameter of the primary star. No significant correlation with the orbital phase is found for either the flux density or the direction of elongation, and no preference for any particular longitude on the star is shown by the emission region. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0067-0049 201 1 7 10.1088/0067-0049/201/1/7 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269380 04cc790c-e5a7-44dd-a0b8-f9414343a071 C. Alonso-Ramos aut A. Ortega-Moñux aut R. Halir aut L. Zavargo-Peche aut I. Molina-Fernández aut Pavel Cheben Cheben, P. aut IMS ISM Dan-Xia Xu Xu, D.-X. aut IMS ISM Siegfried Janz Janz, S. aut IMS ISM Silicon Photonics and Photonic Integrated Circuits III, 16 April 2012 through 19 April 2012, Brussels text article eng Grating couplers have shown promising performance in terms of coupling efficiency and alignment tolerances as an interface between optical fibers and nanometric silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides. In this paper we review our previous work, where the implementation of a fiber to chip grating coupler in micrometric rib SOI waveguide was demonstrated for the first time, showing measured coupling efficiency of -2.2dB for transverse-electric (TE) polarization. We also propose a new grating design that achieves a calculated coupling efficiency of -2dB for transverse-magnetic (TM) light. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Alignment tolerance Coupling efficiency Grating couplers Grating design Nanometrics Rib waveguides Silicon on insulator waveguide SOI SOI waveguides TM polarization Transverse-electric polarizations Efficiency Optical fiber coupling Photonic devices Photonic integration technology Photonics Polarization Waveguides 2012 0277-786X 9780819491237 8431 84310E 10.1117/12.922713 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269379 7788ae5c-c815-4689-a163-1e18c3868217 A. Hill aut HIA IHA A. Anthony aut HIA IHA J. Pazder aut HIA IHA K. Szeto aut HIA IHA S. Thibault aut Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV, 1 July 2012 through 6 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng The Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics was recently selected by the Gemini Observatory as one of the three competing organizations to conduct a conceptual design study for a new Gemini High-Resolution Optical Spectrograph (GHOS). This paper outlines the main features of the mechanical design, including the Cassegrain-mounted science input unit, the bench-mounted spectrograph and the fiber relay system. Topics include the design challenges associated with multi-object fiber relays in the science unit, environmental stability of the spectrograph bench and routing and handling of fibers in the Gemini dome environment. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Design challenges Echelle Environmental stability High resolution Mechanical design Multiobject Optical spectrograph Pick-off Relay system White pupil relay Astrophysics Charge coupled devices Conceptual design Fibers Optical resolving power Spectrographs 2012 0277-786X 9780819491473 8446 84462I 10.1117/12.926836 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269381 a2e8f309-ff72-4618-851c-094b3d616ebb W. Peng aut J. Pranskevich aut C. Nycholat aut M. Gilbert aut IBS ISB W. Wakarchuk aut IBS ISB J.C. Paulson aut N. Razi aut text article eng Poly-N-acetyllactosamine extensions on N-and O-linked glycans are increasingly recognized as biologically important structural features, but access to these structures has not been widely available. Here, we report a detailed substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency of the bacterial β3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (β3GlcNAcT) from Helicobacter pylori that can be adapted to the synthesis of a rich diversity of glycans with poly-LacNAc extensions. This glycosyltransferase has surprisingly broad acceptor specificity toward type-1,-2,-3 and-4 galactoside motifs on both linear and branched glycans, found commonly on N-linked, O-linked and I-antigen glycans. This finding enables the production of complex ligands for glycan-binding studies. Although the enzyme shows preferential activity for type 2 (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) acceptors, it is capable of transferring N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) in β1-3 linkage to type-1 (Galβ1-3GlcNAc) or type-3/4 (Gal1-3GalNAc/) sequences. Thus, by alternating the use of the H. pylori β3GlcNAcT with galactosyltransferases that make the 1-4 or 1-3 linkages, various N-linked, O-linked and I-antigen acceptors could be elongated with type-2 and type-1 LacNAc repeats. Finally, one-pot incubation of di-LacNAc biantennary N-glycopeptide with the β3GlcNAcT and GalT-1 in the presence of uridine diphosphate (UDP)-GlcNAc and UDP-Gal, yielded products with 15 additional LacNAc units on the precursor, which was seen as a series of sequential ion peaks representing alternative additions of GlcNAc and Gal residues, on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. Overall, our data demonstrate a broader substrate specificity for the H. pylori β3GlcNAcT than previously recognized and demonstrate its ability as a potent resource for preparative chemo-enzymatic synthesis of complex glycans. © 2012 The Author. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes beta 3 n acetylglucosaminyltransferase glycan derivative glycopeptide n acetylglucosamine n acetylglucosaminyltransferase unclassified drug aminosugar blood group I antigen glycosphingolipid I-antigen n acetylglucosamine n acetyllactosamine N-acetyllactosamine polylactosamine polysaccharide article carbon nuclear magnetic resonance enzyme activity enzyme substrate complex Helicobacter pylori priority journal protein motif proton nuclear magnetic resonance synthesis biosynthesis chemistry enzymology glycosylation metabolism Bacteria (microorganisms) Helicobacter pylori Acetylglucosamine Amino Sugars Glycosphingolipids Glycosylation Helicobacter pylori N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases Polysaccharides 2012 0959-6658 22 11 1453 1464 12 10.1093/glycob/cws101 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269383 029c1d00-b51d-4472-975f-d71c960a4c3a C. Fry aut Z. Sun aut IMI IMI 70th Annual Technical Conference of the Society of Plastics Engineers 2012, ANTEC 2012, 2 April 2012 through 4 April 2012, Orlando, FL text article eng A novel technique for ultrasonic determination of filler concentration in polymers has been proposed and tested. The new technique senses the overall effect of the filler on the polymer flow behavior and uses this effect to infer the filler concentration. An in-line calibration process has been proposed and implemented for the application of the technique. An average estimation accuracy of better than 0.4% in weight on filler concentration has been achieved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Calibration process Filler concentration In-line Novel techniques Polymer flows Ultrasonic inspections Carbon black Fillers Plastic products Polymers Ultrasonic testing Filled polymers 2012 9781622760831 3 2214 2220 7 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Industrial Materials Institute (IMI-IMI) Institut des matériaux industriels du CNRC (IMI-IMI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269385 360680d5-6102-417c-82c6-e17f4e3581d5 S. Schnee aut S. Sadavoy aut HIA IHA J. Di Francesco aut HIA IHA D. Johnstone aut HIA IHA L. Wei aut text article eng We present SMA and CARMA continuum and spectral line observations of five dense cores located in the Perseus and Ophiuchus molecular clouds whose masses exceed their thermal Jeans masses. Three of these cores have previously been identified as being starless and two have been classified as being possibly protostellar. We find that one core is certainly protostellar. The other four cores, however, are starless and undetected in both C 18O and 1.3mm continuum emission. These four starless cores have flat density profiles out to at least ∼0.006pc, which is typical for starless cores in general. Density profiles predicted by some collapse models, especially in the early stages of infall, are consistent with our observations. Archival data reveal that these starless cores have significant non-thermal support against collapse, although they may still be unstable. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-637X 755 2 178 10.1088/0004-637X/755/2/178 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269386 1b48001c-e99b-4899-89d7-f976370585d2 Y. Hou aut IMS ISM J.R. Liu aut IMS ISM M. Buchanan aut IMS ISM A.J. Spring Thorpe aut IMS ISM P.J. Poole aut IMS ISM H.C. Liu aut IMS ISM K. Wu aut S. Roorda aut X.P. Zhang aut text article eng We report on a study of terahertz (THz) generation using implanted InGaAs photomixers and multi-wavelength quantum dot lasers. We carry out InGaAs materials growth, optical characterization, device design and fabrication, and photomixing experiments. This approach is capable of generating a comb of electromagnetic radiation from microwave to terahertz. For shortening photomixer carrier lifetime, we employ proton implantation into an epitaxial layer of lattice matched InGaAs grown on InP. Under a 1.55 μm multimode InGaAs/InGaAsP quantum dot laser excitation, a frequency comb with a constant frequency spacing of 50 GHz generated on the photomixer is measured, which corresponds to the beats of the laser longitudinal modes. The measurement is performed with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. This approach affords a convenient method to achieve a broadband multi-peak coherent THz source. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 2150-5551 4 1 10 13 4 10.3786/nml.v4i1.p10-13 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269389 621d0852-edc8-4a87-bc0f-2240e8e9ee6a B.R. Muir aut M.R. McEwen aut INMS IENM D.W.O. Rogers aut text article eng Purpose: To investigate the behavior of plane-parallel ion chambers in high-energy photon beams through measurements and Monte Carlo simulations. Methods: Ten plane-parallel ion chamber types were obtained from the major ion chamber manufacturers. Absorbed dose-to-water calibration coefficients are measured for these chambers and k Q factors are determined. In the process, the behaviors of the chambers are characterized through measurements of leakage currents, chamber settling in cobalt-60, polarity and ion recombination behavior, and long-term stability. Monte Carlo calculations of the absorbed dose to the air in the ion chamber and absorbed dose to water are obtained to calculate k Q factors. Systematic uncertainties in Monte Carlo calculated k Q factors are investigated by varying material properties and chamber dimensions. Results: Chamber behavior was variable in MV photon beams, especially with regard to chamber leakage and ion recombination. The plane-parallel chambers did not perform as well as cylindrical chambers. Significant differences up to 1.5 were observed in calibration coefficients after a period of eight months although k Q factors were consistent on average within 0.17. Chamber-to-chamber variations in k Q factors for chambers of the same type were at the 0.2 level. Systematic uncertainties in Monte Carlo calculated k Q factors ranged between 0.34 and 0.50 depending on the chamber type. Average percent differences between measured and calculated k Q factors were - 0.02, 0.18, and - 0.16 for 6, 10, and 25 MV beams, respectively. Conclusions: Excellent agreement is observed on average at the 0.2 level between measured and Monte Carlo calculated k Q factors. Measurements indicate that the behavior of these chambers is not adequate for their use for reference dosimetry of high-energy photon beams without a more extensive QA program than currently used for cylindrical reference-class ion chambers. © 2012 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes article equipment Monte Carlo method photon radiometry time uncertainty Monte Carlo Method Photons Radiometry Time Factors Uncertainty 2012 0094-2405 39 3 1618 1631 14 10.1118/1.3687864 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for National Measurement Standards (INMS-IENM) Institut des étalons nationaux de mesure du CNRC (IENM-INMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269390 a16b754e-c906-4d69-b0c3-2b77e46e23aa Przemek Bock Bock, Przemek J. aut IMS ISM Pavel Cheben aut IMS ISM Jens Holger Schmid Schmid, Jens H. aut IMS ISM Aitor V. Velasco aut André Delâge aut IMS ISM Siegfried Janz aut IMS ISM Dan-Xia Xu aut IMS ISM Jean Lapointe aut IMS ISM Trevor J. Hall aut María L. Calvo aut text article eng We experimentally demonstrate a new type of waveguide multiplexer device designed for silicon photonics, with a crosstalk level as low as -35 dB and an operational wavelength range of 300 nm. A compact device footprint of only 100 × 160 μ m 2 offers an excellent potential for integration with other silicon nanophotonic circuits. © 2012 Optical Society of America. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Compact devices Cross-talk levels Demultiplexers Nanophotonic circuits Silicon photonics Wavelength ranges Nanophotonics Photonics silicon article chemistry equipment design equipment failure analysis instrumentation nanotechnology refractometry surface plasmon resonance telecommunication Equipment Design Equipment Failure Analysis Nanotechnology Refractometry Silicon Surface Plasmon Resonance Telecommunications 2012 1094-4087 20 18 19882 19892 11 10.1364/OE.20.019882 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269374 d5dec043-9bcd-4a17-b0b8-a8fbbdf3ae60 F. Fortin aut AERO AERO J. Syms aut AERO AERO C. Clark aut AERO AERO S. McIlwain aut AERO AERO 18th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference 2012 (33rd AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference), 4 June 2012 through 6 June 2012 text article eng A scaled landing gear has recently been tested in the NRC 0.9 m 3/4-open jet wind tunnel. It provided experimental data that were used to investigate the capability and methodology of a CFD flow solver to predict adequately the noise generated on the landing gear surfaces and in its wake. Near-field and far-field noise predictions using CFD were carried out. FFTs of the landing gear surfaces for a given frequency were also carried out. Comparison of the results demonstrates that CFD can predict adequately the noise around complex geometries such as landing gears. © 2012 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Complex geometries Experimental datum Far-field noise Flow solver Jet wind tunnels Near-field Acoustic noise Computational fluid dynamics Landing gear (aircraft) Aeroacoustics 2012 9781600869327 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269375 3ec820e5-4d4a-43b0-b045-9a63b7835e92 B. Dahdi aut M. Mamou aut AERO AERO M. Khalid aut S. Benissaad aut Z. Nemouchi aut text article eng Numerical simulations were performed to analyse the possibility of damping abrupt incoming free stream disturbances upon a porous aerofoil using an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) model. To mimic the turbulence disturbance levels that are typically encountered in the atmosphere, two flow configurations were considered. In the first configuration, the unsteadiness of the flow was created with vortices shed from a circular cylinder installed ahead of a WTEA-TE1 aerofoil. The continuous von Kármán shedding vortices contained within the cylinder wake were convected downstream and projected upon the aerofoil. In the second configuration, an instantaneous pair of discrete vortices was created by a rotational snapping of a flat plate, installed upstream of the aerofoil. Solid and porous aerofoil configurations, with porosity settings of 11 and 22%, were applied on 50% of the chord of the aerofoil starting from the leading edge. Both steady and unsteady flow simulations were performed to assess the performance of the porosity under steady and unsteady effects. The steady state flow simulations revealed a noticeable reduction in the aerofoil lift coefficient for the porous aerofoil. For unsteady solutions with a continuous or distinct series of vortices interacting with the aerofoil, the porosity showed insignificant damping of the lift coefficient amplitude. The porosity values investigated in the current exercise had indiscernible effect upon the unsteady lift-load alleviations caused by free stream disturbances. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Cylinder wake Damping effect Discrete vortices Disturbance level Flat plate Flow configurations Free stream Leading edge Lift coefficient Shedding vortex Steady-state flows Unsteady effects Unsteady reynolds-averaged navier-stokes Wing load Circular cylinders Damping Flow simulation Lift Porosity Wakes Vortex flow 2012 0001-9240 116 1184 1041 1060 20 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269376 5025c2be-efdf-40ac-940f-f7e80592c090 M. Molas aut K. Gołasa aut M. Furman aut J. Lapointe aut IMS ISM Z.R. Wasilewski aut IMS ISM M. Potemski aut A. Babiński aut text article eng Results of experimental study of multiexcitonic emission related to the p-shell of single self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots are presented. Optical properties of a first emission line to appear from the p-shell of a strongly excited quantum dots are investigated using low-temperature polarization- sensitive micro-photoluminescence measurements. The emission line is attributed to the recombination of a complex of three electrons and holes confined in a dot (neutral triexciton), 3X. It is found that the emission consists of two linearly polarized components and the fine structure splitting is larger than the respective splitting of a neutral exciton. The optical anisotropy of the 3X emission is related to the anisotropy of the quantum dot localizing potential. The axis of the 3X optical anisotropy changes from dot to dot covering broad range within ±50 degrees with respect to the axis defined by the optical anisotropy of a neutral exciton (X). Possible origin of the deviation is discussed. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Electrons and holes Emission lines Experimental studies Fine structure splitting Fine structures InAs/GaAs quantum dots Linearly polarized Low temperatures Microphotoluminescence Neutral excitons P-shell Self-assembled Electromagnetic wave emission Excitons Optical anisotropy Optical properties Polarization Semiconductor quantum dots 2012 0587-4246 122 6 991 993 3 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269377 5683198b-d0b9-418b-ad44-3fa3745cac5b S. Van Den Bergh aut HIA IHA text article eng A study is made of deviations from the mean power-law relationship between the Galactocentric distances and the half-light radii of Galactic globular clusters. Surprisingly, deviations from the mean R h versus R gc relationship do not appear to correlate with cluster luminosity, cluster metallicity, or horizontal-branch morphology. Differences in orbit shape are found to contribute to the scatter in the R h versus R gc relationship of Galactic globular clusters. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-637X 746 2 189 10.1088/0004-637X/746/2/189 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269378 7f3c3e9b-8c3f-4824-b5c3-318e6c0755f0 H. Zhang aut NSI ISN Z. Ljusic aut NSI ISN G. Hovey aut NSI ISN J.-P. Veran aut NSI ISN G. Herriot aut NSI ISN M. Dumas aut Adaptive Optics Systems III, 1 July 2012 through 6 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng Adaptive Optics Real-Time Control systems for next generation ground-based telescopes demand significantly higher processing power, memory bandwidth and I/O capacity on the hardware platform than those for existing control systems. We present a FPGA based high-performance computing platform that is developed at Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory and is very suitable for the applications of Adaptive Optics Real-Time Control systems. With maximum of 16 computing blades, 110 TeraMAC/s processing power, 1.8Terabyte/s memory bandwidth and 19.5 Terabit/s I/O capacity, this ATCA architecture platform has enough capacity to perform pixel processing, tomographic wave-front reconstruction and deformable mirror fitting for first and second generation AO systems on 30+-meter class telescopes. As an example, we demonstrate that with only one computing blade, the platform can handle the real time tomography needs of NFIRAOS, the Thirty-Meter Telescope first light facility Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics system. The High-Performance FPGA platform is integrated with Board Software Development Kit to provide a complete and fully tested set of interfaces to access the hardware resources. Therefore the firmware development can be focused on unique, user-specific applications. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes AdvancedTCA Architecture platforms Astrophysical observatory Deformable mirrors Ground-based telescopes Hardware platform Hardware resources High-performance computing Kermode Board Memory bandwidths Multi-conjugate adaptive optics systems NFIRAOS Pixel processing Processing power Real time tomography Second generation Software development kit Terabit Thirty Meter Telescope Tomographic Wave front reconstruction Adaptive optics Computer software selection and evaluation Control systems Firmware Hardware Optical telescopes Real time control Telescopes Tomography Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) 2012 0277-786X 9780819491480 8447 84472E 10.1117/12.925479 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure (NSI-ISN) Infrastructure scientifique nationale (ISN-NSI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269391 f182e373-1ed1-4856-93b5-29c48b25ae9b Guillaume Renaud aut AERO AERO Min Liao aut AERO AERO Yan Bombardier aut AERO AERO 53rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference 2012, April 23-26 2012, Honolulu, HI text article eng 2012-04 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Detailed three-dimensional finite element (FE) modeling and analysis of quarter-elliptical and semi-elliptical cracks at a hole were carried out. Comparison cases showed that the accuracy of the classical Newman-Raju closed-form stress intensity factor solutions can be improved, especially for the surface crack case and in the thickness direction for the corner crack case. Using the developed FE models, improved stress intensity factor solutions for quarter-circular and semi-circular cracks at a hole were obtained for uniaxial tensile loading. A simple correction approach is also proposed to improve the accuracy of the Newman-Raju solutions for more general cases of quarter-elliptical and semi-elliptical cracks at a hole. yes yes corner cracks correction approaches modeling and analysis semi-elliptical crack surface cracks thickness direction three dimensional finite elements uniaxial tensile loading finite element method stress intensity factors structural dynamics surface defects cracks 9781600869372 0273-4508 10.2514/6.2012-1700 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269382 3cfdfc77-e7fb-4ebc-b2e9-6e6d7457e1c9 K.K. Sareen aut G.K. Knopf aut R. Canas aut IRC IRC text article eng Three-dimensional (3D) range scanning of large spaces, such as civil structures, generates an immense cloud of 3D points with inconsistent data densities due to the limited positions of the stationary scanner, inaccessible surfaces, and narrow pathways. This density variation is the dominant detrimental factor in extracting accurate scanned shapes. This article introduces an effective scan planning methodology for capturing accurate geometry from long and narrow spaces, which minimizes the need for subsequent data approximations. The technique computes an optimum scanning range for each stationary position of the scanner that limits the density variation to a user-defined value. Three cases are proposed to define the "limited data density" and a FARO®-LS880 laser scanner is used to illustrate the proposed approach that achieves acceptable scanning results in terms of its critical shape capturing capability, overall point cloud density, and accurate point-based visualization. The experimental observations confirm that the accuracy of the scanned data can be improved by registering multiple partial scans with restricted density and positioning the data acquisition device close to the critical features. The latter recommended step decreases the incident angle to the world domain, which, in turn, reduces the surface occlusions and data density variations. © 2011 Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Civil structure Data approximation Data density Data-acquisition devices Density variations Domain mapping Experimental observation Incident angles Inconsistent data Large spaces Laser scanner Limited data Multi-scan Partial scan Planning methodology Point cloud Point-based visualization Scanning range Stationary positions Scanning Three dimensional Visualization Data visualization accuracy assessment civil engineering data acquisition experimental study observational method structural analysis three-dimensional modeling visualization 2012 1093-9687 27 8 555 572 18 10.1111/j.1467-8667.2011.00742.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Research in Construction (IRC-IRC) Institut de recherche en construction du CNRC (IRC-IRC) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269355 82db7e20-499e-48aa-8268-5a25b7c39cba S. Chang aut IMS ISM Y. Mao aut IMS ISM C. Flueraru aut IMS ISM text chapter eng yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 9780470626955 225 257 33 10.1002/9781118310212.ch7 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269367 9b4e705d-62ba-4a95-ada5-b317a080d8fb R. Goldsbury aut J. Heyl aut H.B. Richer aut P. Bergeron aut A. Dotter aut J.S. Kalirai aut J. MacDonald aut R.M. Rich aut P.B. Stetson aut HIA IHA P.-E. Tremblay aut K.A. Woodley aut text article eng We present an empirical determination of the white dwarf cooling sequence in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae. Using spectral models, we determine temperatures for 887 objects from Wide Field Camera 3 data, as well as 292 objects from data taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys. We make the assumption that the rate of white dwarf formation in the cluster is constant. Stellar evolution models are then used to determine the rate at which objects are leaving the main sequence, which must be the same as the rate at which objects are arriving on the white dwarf sequence in our field. The result is an empirically derived relation between temperature (T eff and time (t) on the white dwarf cooling sequence. Comparing this result to theoretical cooling models, we find general agreement with the expected slopes between 20,000K and 30,000K and between 6000K and 20,000K, but the transition to the Mestel cooling rate of T efft -0.4 is found to occur at hotter temperatures, and more abruptly than is predicted by any of these models. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-637X 760 1 78 10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/78 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269369 8555a3ad-6b23-451f-b12b-fb8581fab82d Priti Wanjara Wanjara, P. aut AERO AERO Elvi Dalgaard Dalgaard, E. aut J. Gholipour aut AERO AERO J. Larose aut 7th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials, THERMEC'2011, 1 August 2011 through 5 August 2011, Quebec City, QC text article eng The effect of forging pressure on linear friction welding (LFW) behaviour of a single crystal Ni-based superalloy was investigated. Crystal orientations of the specimens were controlled and results indicated that welding success is dependent on proximity of the oscillation direction to the <011> direction. Characterization of the welds included optical examination of the microstructural features of the weld and thermomechanically affected zones (TMAZ) in relation to the parent material. Mechanical properties of the welded material examined via microhardness testing showed an increase in strength in the weld zone (WZ). Microstructural examination indicated that some recrystallization occurred in the WZ, as well as a small amount of distortion of the dendrites in the TMAZ. With increased forge pressure, recrystallized grains remaining in the weld were minimized. © 2012 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Forging pressures Linear friction welding Microhardness testing Microstructural examination Microstructural features Ni-based superalloys Parent materials Recrystallized grains Single crystal Ni-based superalloys Single crystal superalloys Thermomechanically affected zones Weld zone Welded materials Friction welding Microstructural evolution Recrystallization (metallurgy) Single crystals Strength of materials Superalloys Welds Crystal orientation Friction Tribology Welding 2012 0255-5476 9783037853030 706-709 3022 3027 6 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.706-709.3022 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269370 24949def-39bf-425f-b046-4fc731a8a0ae Aitor V. Velasco aut María L. Calvo aut Pavel Cheben aut IMS ISM Alejandro Ortega-Moñux aut Jens Holger Schmid Schmid, Jens H. aut IMS ISM Carlos Alonso Ramos aut Íñigo Molina Fernandez aut Jean Lapointe aut IMS ISM Martin Vachon aut IMS ISM Siegfried Janz aut IMS ISM Dan-Xia Xu aut IMS ISM 2012 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2012, 6 May 2012 through 11 May 2012, San Jose, CA text article eng We demonstrate an ultracompact polarization mode converter based on a silicon-on-insulator waveguide with two longitudinal subwavelength trenches. An extinction ratio of 16 dB at 1.5 μm is achieved for a device length of 10 μm. © 2012 OSA. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Extinction ratios Polarization mode converter Silicon on insulator waveguide Sub-wavelength Lasers 2012 9781467318396 6325812 10.1364/CLEO_SI.2012.CM4M.5 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269371 45d32756-0474-4790-8480-5eb9ec4bca6e E. Cheung aut S.M. Faber aut D.C. Koo aut A.A. Dutton aut L. Simard aut HIA IHA E.J. McGrath aut J.-S. Huang aut E.F. Bell aut A. Dekel aut J.J. Fang aut S. Salim aut G. Barro aut K. Bundy aut A.L. Coil aut M.C. Cooper aut C.J. Conselice aut M. Davis aut A. Domínguez aut S.A. Kassin aut D.D. Kocevski aut A.M. Koekemoer aut L. Lin aut J.M. Lotz aut J.A. Newman aut A.C. Phillips aut D.J. Rosario aut B.J. Weiner aut C.N.A. Willmer aut text article eng The shutdown of star formation in galaxies is generally termed "quenching." Quenching may occur through a variety of processes, e.g., active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback, stellar feedback, or the shock heating of gas in the dark matter halo. However, which mechanism(s) is, in fact, responsible for quenching is still in question. This paper addresses quenching by searching for traces of possible quenching processes through their effects on galaxy structural parameters such as stellar mass (M), M/re, surface stellar mass density (M/r 2e), and Sérsic index (n). We analyze the rest-frame U - B color correlations versus these structural parameters using a sample of galaxies in the redshift range 0.5 ≤ z < 0.8 from the DEEP2/AEGIS survey. In addition to global radii, stellar masses, and Sérsic parameters, we also use "bulge" and "disk" photometric measurements from GIM2D fits to HST/ACS V and I images. We assess the tightness of the color relationships by measuring their "overlap regions," defined as the area in color-parameter space in which red and blue galaxies overlap; the parameter that minimizes these overlap regions is considered to be the most effective color discriminator. We find that Sérsic index (n) has the smallest overlap region among all tested parameters and resembles a step function with a threshold value of n = 2.3. There exists, however, a significant population of outliers with blue colors yet high n values that seem to contradict this behavior; they make up 40% of n > 2.3 galaxies. We hypothesize that their Sérsic values may be distorted by bursts of star formation, AGNs, and/or poor fits, leading us to consider central surface stellar mass density, Σ1 kpc, as an alternative to Sérsic index. Not only does Σ1 kpc correct the outliers, but it also forms a tight relationship with color, suggesting that the innermost structure of galaxies is most physically linked with quenching. Furthermore, at z 0.65, the majority of the blue cloud galaxies cannot simply fade onto the red sequence since their GIM2D bulge masses are only half as large on average as the bulge masses of similar red sequence galaxies, thus demonstrating that stellar mass must absolutely increase at the centers of galaxies as they quench. We discuss a two-stage model for quenching in which galaxy star formation rates are controlled by their dark halos while they are still in the blue cloud and a second quenching process sets in later, associated with the central stellar mass buildup. The mass buildup is naturally explained by any non-axisymmetric features in the potential, such as those induced by mergers and/or disk instabilities. However, the identity of the second quenching agent is still unknown. We have placed our data catalog online. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-637X 760 2 131 10.1088/0004-637X/760/2/131 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269372 7961b47f-67bd-40d6-94d0-1605764540b6 E. Steinbring aut HIA IHA W. Ward aut J.R. Drummond aut text article eng Nighttime visible-light sky brightness and transparency are reported for the Polar Environment Research Laboratory (PEARL), located on a 610 m high ridge near the Eureka research station at 80° latitude, on Ellesmere Island, Canada. Photometry of Polaris obtained in the V band with the PEARL All Sky Imager (PASI) over two winters is supported by standard meteorological measurements and visual estimates of sky conditions from sea level. These data show that during the period of the study, 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 October through March, the sky near zenith had a mean surface brightness of 19:7 mag arcsec -2 when the Sun was more than 12° below the horizon, reaching 20:7 mag arcsec -2 during astronomical darkness with no Moon. Skies were without thick cloud and potentially usable for astronomy 86% of the time (extinction <2 mag). Up to 68% of the time was spectroscopic (≤0:5 mag), attenuated by ice crystals, or clear with stable atmospheric transparency. Those conditions can persist for over 100 hr at a time. Further analysis suggests the sky was entirely free of ice crystals (truly photometric) 48 ± 3% of the time at PEARL in winter and that a higher elevation location nearby may be better. © 2012. The Astronomical Society of the Pacific. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-6280 124 912 185 194 10 10.1086/664444 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269373 54fcd3b3-6322-4e15-aef0-2464134b4cfc N.M. Law aut S. Sivanandam aut R. Murowinski aut NSI ISN R. Carlberg aut W. Ngan aut P. Salbi aut A. Ahmadi aut E. Steinbring aut NSI ISN M. Halman aut NSI ISN J. Graham aut Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV, 1 July 2012 through 6 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng Observations from near the Eureka station on Ellesmere Island, in the Canadian High Arctic at 80° North, benefit from 24-hour darkness combined with dark skies and long cloud-free periods during the winter. Our first astronomical surveys conducted at the site are aimed at transiting exoplanets; compared to mid-latitude sites, the continuous darkness during the Arctic winter greatly improves the survey's detection efficiency for longer-period transiting planets. We detail the design, construction, and testing of the first two instruments: a robotic telescope, and a set of very wide-field imaging cameras. The 0.5m Dunlap Institute Arctic Telescope has a 0.8-square-degree field of view and is designed to search for potentially habitable exoplanets around low-mass stars. The very wide field cameras have several-hundred-square-degree fields of view pointed at Polaris, are designed to search for transiting planets around bright stars, and were tested at the site in February 2012. Finally, we present a conceptual design for the Compound Arctic Telescope Survey (CATS), a multiplexed transient and transit search system which can produce a 10,000-square-degree snapshot image every few minutes throughout the Arctic winter. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Astronomical surveys Detection efficiency Exo-planets Exoplanet Field of views Fields of views High arctic Low-mass stars Polaris Robotic telescope Search system Snapshot images Wide field cameras Wide field imaging Airborne telescopes Conceptual design Instrument testing Optical telescopes Planets Search engines Stars Surveys 2012 0277-786X 9780819491459 8444 84445C 10.1117/12.926338 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Science Infrastructure (NSI-ISN) Infrastructure scientifique nationale (ISN-NSI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269364 c9f4b5c2-d3e8-4b4b-bdc9-0e51a4bf97e8 D. Poudyal aut P.M. Le aut INMS IENM T. Davis aut A.B. Hofseth aut A. Chumanevich aut A.A. Chumanevich aut M.J. Wargovich aut M. Nagarkatti aut P.S. Nagarkatti aut A. Windust aut INMS IENM L.J. Hofseth aut text article eng Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with a high colon cancer risk. We have previously reported that American ginseng extract significantly reduced the inflammatory parameters of chemically induced colitis. The aim of this study was to further delineate the components of American ginseng that suppress colitis and prevent colon cancer. Among five different fractions of American ginseng (butanol, hexane, ethylacetate, dichloromethane, and water), a hexane fraction has particularly potent antioxidant and proapoptotic properties. The effects of this fraction were shown in a mouse macrophage cell line (ANA-1 cells), in a human lymphoblastoid cell line (TK6), and in an ex vivo model (CD4 +/CD25 - primary effector T cells). A key in vivo finding was that compared with the whole American ginseng extract, the hexane fraction of American ginseng was more potent in treating colitis in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) mouse model, as well as suppressing azoxymethane/DSS-induced colon cancer. Furthermore, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) labeling of inflammatory cells within the colonic mesenteric lymph nodes was elevated in mice consuming DSS + the hexane fraction of American ginseng. Results are consistent with our in vitro data and with the hypothesis that the hexane fraction of American ginseng has anti-inflammatory properties and drives inflammatory cell apoptosis in vivo, providing a mechanism by which this fraction protects from colitis in this DSS mouse model. This study moves us closer to understanding the molecular components of American ginseng that suppress colitis and prevent colon cancer associated with colitis. ©2012 AACR. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes acetic acid ethyl ester azoxymethane butanol dextran sulfate dichloromethane ginseng extract hexane water antiinflammatory agent plant extract animal cell antiinflammatory activity antineoplastic activity antioxidant activity article colitis colon cancer controlled study ginseng human human cell in vitro study lymphoblastoid cell line macrophage nick end labeling nonhuman priority journal animal apoptosis bioassay chemistry colon tumor inflammation mass fragmentography metabolism methodology mouse Panax tumor cell line ulcerative colitis Animals Anti-Inflammatory Agents Apoptosis Biological Assay Cell Line, Tumor Colitis, Ulcerative Colonic Neoplasms Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Hexanes Humans In Situ Nick-End Labeling Inflammation Mice Panax Plant Extracts 2012 1940-6207 5 4 685 696 12 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-11-0421 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for National Measurement Standards (INMS-IENM) Institut des étalons nationaux de mesure du CNRC (IENM-INMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269351 e5609b86-9ac9-477e-ba7a-268e08051c65 E.A. Aguilar-Reyes aut C.A. León-Patiño aut B. Jacinto-Díaz aut L.-P. Lefebvre aut IMI IMI Next Generation Biomaterials and Surface Properties of Biomaterials Symposia - Materials Science and Technology 2011 Conference and Exhibition, MS and T 2011, 16 October 2011 through 20 October 2011, Columbus, OH text article eng Bioglass® 45S5 is the most widely investigated bioactive glass. It was recently demonstrated that this glass is better integrated into bone when the structure is porous. The National Research Council Canada has recently developed a process to produce metallic and ceramic foams using a powder metallurgy approach. Preliminary tests showed that Bioglass® foams can be produced with this process. These foams are produced by foaming a powder mixture composed of Bioglass® particles, a binder and a foaming agent. Highly porous Bioglass® foams (64-79% porosity) were successfully synthesized from dry powder blends. The porosity of the resulting foams was open and the pore size was essentially between 175 and 880 μm in diameter, as required for bone ingrowth. During sintering, crystallization took place and Na6Ca 3Si6O18 (primary phase) and Na 2Ca4(PO4)2SiO4 (secondary phase) were observed. The mechanical compressive strength ranged from 1.7 to 5.5 MPa. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 45S5 bioglass Bone ingrowth Dry powders Micro-structural characterization National Research Council Powder mixtures Primary phase Scaffolds for tissue engineering Secondary phase Biological materials Bone Ceramic foams Characterization Powder metallurgy Sintering Sodium Surface properties Bioactive glass 2012 1042-1122 9781118273326 237 1 9 9 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Industrial Materials Institute (IMI-IMI) Institut des matériaux industriels du CNRC (IMI-IMI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269353 2e2db8db-332a-44d1-a5b1-f7e3d6b1a98d T.C. Yang aut IBS ISB S. Legault aut IBS ISB E.A. Kayiranga aut J. Kumaran aut IBS ISB K. Ishikawa aut W.L. Sung aut IBS ISB text article eng The β-1,4-endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii (EGPh) has strong hydrolyzing activity toward crystalline cellulose. When EGPh is used in combination with β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21), cellulose is completely hydrolyzed to glucose at high temperature, suggesting great potential for EGPh in bioethanol industrial applications. The crystal structure of EGPh shows a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) (β/α)8-barrel fold with an N-terminal antiparallel β-sheet at the opposite side of the active site and a very short C-terminal sequence outside of the barrel structure. We describe here the function of the peripheral sequences outside of the TIM barrel core structure. Sequential deletions were performed from both N and C termini. The activity, thermostability, and pH stability of the expressed mutants were assessed and compared to the wildtype EGPh enzyme. Our results demonstrate that the TIM barrel core is essential for enzyme activity and that the N-terminal β-sheet is critical for enzyme thermostability. Bioinformatics analyses identified potential key residues which may contribute to enzyme hyperthermostability. © 2012, American Society for Microbiology. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Active site Bioinformatics analysis C-terminal sequences Core structure Crystalline cellulose Glucosidase High temperature Hydrolyzing activity Hyperthermophilic archaeon Hyperthermophilic endoglucanase Hyperthermostability Key residues N-terminals PH stability Pyrococcus horikoshii TIM barrels Triosephosphate isomerase Wild types Bioinformatics Cellulose Enzymes Ethanol Glucose Hydrolysis Industrial applications Crystal structure cellulase bioinformatics cellulose enzyme activity gene expression high temperature thermophilic bacterium amino acid sequence article chemistry enzyme stability enzymology gene deletion genetics heat molecular genetics pH protein conformation protein stability protein tertiary structure Pyrococcus horikoshii Amino Acid Sequence Cellulase Enzyme Stability Hot Temperature Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Molecular Sequence Data Protein Conformation Protein Stability Protein Structure, Tertiary Pyrococcus horikoshii Sequence Deletion Archaea Pyrococcus horikoshii 2012 0099-2240 78 9 3059 3067 9 10.1128/AEM.07576-11 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269354 8840a4f5-f407-4b8f-83ff-c35f4d400135 C. Munro aut A. Nolting aut Xinjin Cao Cao, X. aut IAR IRA Priti Wanjara Wanjara, P. aut IAR IRA 7th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials, THERMEC'2011, 1 August 2011 through 5 August 2011, Quebec City, QC text article eng High strength low alloy (HSLA) steel, namely HSLA-65, has shown promise as a replacement for more common high strength shipbuilding steels. However, conventional high heat input welding processes can cause significant distortion, often requiring expensive post-weld reworking. Butt welds in HSLA-65 steel were fabricated using a hybrid fibre laser-gas metal arc welding (GMAW) procedure to investigate the efficacy of distortion mitigation via low heat input joining. Heat input from the laser and arc sources were roughly equal at ∼5.2 kW each, and plates were welded in either the laser-leading or arc-leading configuration. In either case, butt welds in ∼9 mm thick plates could be made in a single pass at a total heat input of ∼0.4 kJ/mm. Welding induced distortion was minimal. Analysis of the microstructure and microhardness of the welds is provided, along with some preliminary results of mechanical and impact testing. © 2012 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Arc Butt welds Heat input High heat input welding High strength High strength low alloy steels HSLA-65 Hybrid Hybrid fibres Laser-arc MAG Mechanical property evaluation Metal arc welding Micro-structural Ship-building steels Single pass Steel plates Thick plate Welding-induced distortion Alloy steel Electric welding Gas metal arc welding High strength alloys Impact testing Lasers Mechanical properties Steel fibers Welding Welds Hybrid materials Shipbuilding materials Ships Strength of materials High strength steel 2012 0255-5476 9783037853030 706-709 2992 2997 6 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.706-709.2992 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Aerospace Research Institut de recherche aérospatiale du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269356 a0558147-719a-4469-88bb-cee864bfcc9f T. Sawatzky aut D.Y. Seo aut AERO AERO H. Saari aut D. Laurin aut Y.-W. Kim aut 7th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials, THERMEC'2011, 1 August 2011 through 5 August 2011, Quebec City, QC text article eng Pre-alloyed beta gamma titanium aluminide powder with a nominal composition of TiAl-4Nb-3Mn is consolidated by hot isostatic pressing. After consolidation, a step cooled heat treatment is performed to homogenize the material and produce a fully lamellar microstructure. Various aging heat treatments are then performed with the goal of forming interfacial beta phase precipitates along lamellar interfaces. The step cooled heat treatment produces a relatively fine microstructure with a lamellar spacing of 0.04 μm and an average lamellar colony size of 60 μm. The aging heat treatments generate beta phase precipitates along lamellar colony boundaries but not along lamellar interfaces, and result in lamellar degredation and grain growth. Constant load tensile creep and room temperature hardness tests are performed on step cooled heat treated and step cooled heat treated and aged specimens. Creep resistance, generally, improves with aging time, even with no interfacial precipitation, and the lamellar degredation that occurs with aging. The microstructures of the as-tested specimens are characterized and related to the creep properties. The hardness values are also compared as a function of selected heat treatment condition and microstructural features. © 2012 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Aging heat treatment Aging time Beta-phase Colony boundary Colony size Constant loads Creep properties Fine microstructure Fully lamellar Gamma-titanium aluminide Hardness test Hardness values Heat treatment conditions Interfacial precipitation Lamellar interfaces Lamellar spacing Microstructural features Nominal composition Room temperature Tensile creep Titanium aluminide Titanium aluminides Cerium alloys Creep Grain growth Hardness Hot isostatic pressing Manganese Microstructural evolution Niobium Phase interfaces Powder metallurgy Sintering Titanium Titanium alloys Titanium compounds Creep resistance Heat treatment 2012 0255-5476 9783037853030 706-709 1100 1105 6 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.706-709.1100 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269357 1e31a2da-27d0-44f4-901d-f98930818bb0 A.E. Nolting aut C. Munro aut Xinjin Cao Cao, X.J. aut AERO AERO Priti Wanjara Wanjara, P. aut AERO AERO text article eng High strength steels are finding increasing use in the shipbuilding industry to decrease the weight of vessels for improved maneouverability and fuel efficiency, increased payloads and decreased fabrication costs. High strength low alloy (HSLA) steel, such as HSLA-65, provides a unique combination of strength, weldability and toughness that makes it a particularly attractive choice for many shipbuilding applications. However, as HSLA-65 is a thermomechanically processed steel, it can be susceptible to grain coarsening and softening in the heat affected zone (HAZ) during welding. Low heat input welding procedures such as hybrid laser arc welding are desirable because they minimise HAZ softening and can tolerate gaps between the workpieces better than conventional laser welding. In this paper, the mechanical properties of hybrid laser arc welds, used to join 9?1 mm thick HSLA-65 plates in a single pass, were evaluated. Hardness maps indicated that softening did not occur in the HAZ. Transverse tensile fracture occurred in the base metal, away from the welds, confirming that the fusion zone and HAZ had higher strength than the base metal. Subsized Charpy impact toughness specimens, notched in the HAZ, were typically less tough than the base metal. However, the fracture path typically deviated away from the HAZ, into either the base metal or along the fusion line. © 2012 Crown in Right of Canada. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Charpy specimen HSLA steel Hybrid laser arc welding Single pass Weld strength Alloy steel Electric welding Fracture High strength alloys High strength steel Mechanical properties Shipbuilding Shipyards Tensile strength Tensile testing Heat affected zone 2012 0008-4433 51 3 336 345 10 10.1179/1879139512Y.0000000026 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269358 1a954f70-554b-439e-8ab5-facaac9f8048 D.R. Rodriguez aut C. Marois aut HIA IHA B. Zuckerman aut B. MacIntosh aut C. Melis aut text article eng With adaptive optics imaging at Keck observatory, we have discovered a substellar companion to the F6 Pleiades star HD23514, one of the dustiest main-sequence stars known to date (L IR/L * 2%). This is one of the first brown dwarfs discovered as a companion to a star in the Pleiades. The 0.06 M ⊙ late-M secondary has a projected separation of 360AU. The scarcity of substellar companions to stellar primaries in the Pleiades combined with the extremely dusty environment make this a unique system to study. © 2012 The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-637X 748 1 30 10.1088/0004-637X/748/1/30 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269359 5ec53a7a-28dc-4d5f-8e52-7f1a2371bb47 T. Chan aut D. Backman aut AERO AERO R. Bos aut AERO AERO T. Sears aut AERO AERO I. Brooks aut U. Erb aut 7th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials, THERMEC'2011, 1 August 2011 through 5 August 2011, Quebec City, QC text article eng Commercially available polycrystalline nickel (grain size: 30 μm) and electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel (grain size: 30 nm) were analyzed for the effect of stress-induced heat generation during plastic deformation at room temperature. Tensile coupons in conformance to ASTM E8 standard were tested at a strain rate of 10 -1/s to record the amount heat dissipated using a high resolution infrared detector. The maximum temperature increases recorded for nanocrystalline and polycrystalline nickel close to sample fracture were 58° and 70°, respectively. Grain growth in nanocrystalline nickel due to stress-induced heat generation is unlikely since the maximum temperature during deformation is below the previously reported onset temperature for grain growth in nanocrystalline nickel. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Grain size Heat zone High resolution Maximum temperature Nano-crystalline nickel Nanocrystallines Onset temperature Polycrystalline Room temperature Stress-induced Temperature changes True stress-strain Deformation Grain size and shape Heat generation Nanocrystalline materials Nickel Polycrystalline materials Strain rate Stress-strain curves Grain growth 2012 1022-6680 9783037853047 409 480 485 6 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.409.480 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269360 631afc62-94e3-4efa-a2b7-8b07dc85560d A. Jezierski aut IBS ISB K. Rennie aut IBS ISB R. Tremblay aut IBS ISB B. Zurakowski aut IBS ISB A. Gruslin aut M. Sikorska aut IBS ISB M. Bani-Yaghoub aut IBS ISB text article eng The usage of stem cells is a promising strategy for the repair of damaged tissue in the injured brain. Recently, amniotic fluid (AF) cells have received a lot of attention as an alternative source of stem cells for cell-based therapies. However, the success of this approach relies significantly on proper interactions between graft and host tissue. In particular, the reestablishment of functional brain networks requires formation of gap junctions, as a key step to provide sufficient intercellular communication. In this study, we show that AF cells express high levels of CX43 (GJA1) and are able to establish functional gap junctions with cortical cultures. Furthermore, we report an induction of Cx43 expression in astrocytes following injury to the mouse motor cortex and demonstrate for the first time CX43 expression at the interface between implanted AF cells and host brain cells. These findings suggest that CX43-mediated intercellular communication between AF cells and cortical astrocytes may contribute to the reconstruction of damaged tissue by mediating modulatory, homeostatic, and protective factors in the injured brain and hence warrants further investigation. © 2012 Anna Jezierski et al. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes connexin 43 amniotic fluid cell animal cell animal experiment animal model article astrocyte brain injury cell communication cell culture controlled study female gap junction human human cell in vitro study in vivo study motor cortex mouse nonhuman priority journal protein expression 2012 1687-9678 607161 10.1155/2012/607161 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269361 b58acce4-ee2a-40cd-a84f-11b4538fcce6 E.E. Kuramae aut E. Yergeau aut BRI IRB L.C. Wong aut A.S. Pijl aut J.A. Van Veen aut G.A. Kowalchuk aut text article eng To gain insight into the factors driving the structure of bacterial communities in soil, we applied real-time PCR, PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoreses, and phylogenetic microarray approaches targeting the 16S rRNA gene across a range of different land usages in the Netherlands. We observed that the main differences in the bacterial communities were not related to land-use type, but rather to soil factors. An exception was the bacterial community of pine forest soils (PFS), which was clearly different from all other sites. PFS had lowest bacterial abundance, lowest numbers of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), lowest soil pH, and highest C N ratios. C N ratio strongly influenced bacterial community structure and was the main factor separating PFS from other fields. For the sites other than PFS, phosphate was the most important factor explaining the differences in bacterial communities across fields. Firmicutes were the most dominant group in almost all fields, except in PFS and deciduous forest soils (DFS). In PFS, Alphaproteobacteria was most represented, while in DFS, Firmicutes and Gammaproteobacteria were both highly represented. Interestingly, Bacillii and Clostridium OTUs correlated with pH and phosphate, which might explain their high abundance across many of the Dutch soils. Numerous bacterial groups were highly correlated with specific soil factors, suggesting that they might be useful as indicators of soil status. © 2011 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved 79 1 January 2012 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01192.x Research Article Research Articles © 2011 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes bacterial DNA RNA 16S abundance electrokinesis land use change microbial community pH phosphate phylogenetics polymerase chain reaction real time soil carbon soil microorganism soil nitrogen Alphaproteobacteria article bacterium biodiversity chemistry classification denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis DNA sequence Gammaproteobacteria genetics growth, development and aging microbiology Netherlands phylogeny real time polymerase chain reaction soil Alphaproteobacteria Bacteria Biodiversity Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis DNA, Bacterial Gammaproteobacteria Netherlands Phylogeny Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA, Ribosomal, 16S Sequence Analysis, DNA Soil Soil Microbiology 2012 0168-6496 79 1 12 24 13 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01192.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI-IRB) Institut de recherche en biotechnologie du CNRC (IRB-BRI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269363 c7950bdf-d9c6-4fb6-8afe-d2aae7446ee2 M. Kotur aut C. Zhou aut S. Matsika aut S. Patchkovskii aut SIMS ISSM M. Spanner aut SIMS ISSM T.C. Weinacht aut text article eng We study correlations between neutral and ionic states in strong-field molecular ionization. We compare predictions based on Dyson orbital norms and quasistatic semiclassical tunneling theories (Keldysh and molecular orbital Ammosov-Delone-Krainov) with more detailed calculations of strong-field ionization which take into account (i)the Coulomb interaction between the outgoing continuum electron wave packet and the remaining bound electrons and (ii)electron-core interactions that cause distortions of the electronic continuum states during the ionization event. Our results highlight the prominence of electronic rearrangement effects in strong-field ionization with intense ultrafast laser pulses, where the outgoing continuum electron can cause electronic transitions in the parent ion. Calculations and measurements for excited uracil molecules reveal the breakdown of Keldysh-weighted Dyson norm predictions for ionization to different states of the molecular cation in the strong-field regime. © 2012 American Physical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Ammosov-Delone-Krainov Bound electrons Continuum electrons Continuum state Dyson orbital Electronic transition Ionic state Ionization events Molecular cations Molecular ionization Quasi-static Semiclassical tunneling Strong field ionization Forecasting Molecular orbitals Ionization 2012 0031-9007 109 20 203007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.203007 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences (SIMS-ISSM) Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC (ISSM-SIMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269365 a1478a5e-c179-4314-90f6-9bc0ce6f8283 R. Molinaro aut V. Ripepi aut M. Marconi aut I. Musella aut E. Brocato aut A. Mucciarelli aut P.B. Stetson aut HIA IHA J. Storm aut A.R. Walker aut text article eng We used optical, near-infrared photometry, and radial velocity data for a sample of 11 Cepheids belonging to the young LMC blue populous cluster NGC 1866 to estimate their radii and distances on the basis of the CORS Baade-Wesselink method. This technique, based on an accurate calibration of surface brightness as a function of (U - B), (V - K) colors, allows us to estimate, simultaneously, the linear radius and the angular diameter of Cepheid variables, and consequently to derive their distance. A rigorous error estimate on radii and distances was derived by using Monte Carlo simulations. Our analysis gives a distance modulus for NGC 1866 of 18.51 ± 0.03mag, which is in agreement with several independent results. © 2012 The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-637X 748 1 69 10.1088/0004-637X/748/1/69 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269366 fa89ed4b-1ab1-48e1-881a-796fbf21e6c2 R. Halir aut A. Maese-Novo aut A. Ortega-Monux aut I. Molina-Fernández aut J.G. Wangüemert-Pérez aut Pavel Cheben Cheben, P. aut IMS ISM Dan-Xia Xu Xu, D.-X. aut IMS ISM Jens Holger Schmid Schmid, J.H. aut IMS ISM Siegfried Janz Janz, S. aut IMS ISM text article eng Directional couplers are extensively used devices in integrated optics, but suffer from limited operational wavelength range. Here we use, for the first time, the dispersive properties of sub-wavelength gratings to achieve a fivefold enhancement in the operation bandwidth of a silicon-oninsulator directional coupler. This approach does not compromise the size or the phase response of the device. The sub-wavelength grating based directional coupler we propose covers a 100nm bandwidth with an imbalance of =0.6dB between its outputs, as supported by full 3D FDTD simulations. © 2012 Optical Society of America. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 3D FDTD Dispersive properties Operation bandwidth Phase response Silicon-on-insulators Sub-wave length grating Sub-wavelength structures Wavelength ranges Diffraction gratings Dispersion (waves) Optical waveguides Three dimensional computer graphics Directional couplers 2012 1094-4087 20 12 13470 13477 8 10.1364/OE.20.013470 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269368 1d548ffc-1e82-458b-8efd-045dab7b0432 R. Kothes aut HIA IHA T. Foster aut text article eng CTB109 is one of only three Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) known to harbor an anomalous X-ray pulsar or magnetar. That makes this SNR an object of great importance and a prime target for high-energy astrophysics studies. Those studies rely heavily on the assumed distance to CTB109. There have been three major distance determinations over the last decade, all of which report completely different results. While chaotic distance determinations in the literature are not uncommon for SNRs as a class of object, the wild discrepancy in the distance to CTB109 makes it especially important to revisit and firmly resolve once and for all. In this Letter we bring to bear all available observational information and present a synthesis of evidence that consistently locates CTB109 within or close to the Perseus arm spiral shock, at a distance of 3.2±0.2kpc. © 2012. National Research Council Canada. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 2041-8205 746 1 L4 10.1088/2041-8205/746/1/L4 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269336 82ba43be-9579-47f0-835b-d8b023aa1f09 S. Rodríguez-Llamazares aut B.L. Rivas aut M. Pérez aut F. Perrin-Sarazin aut IMI IMI text article eng Nanocomposites of poly(lactic acid), PLA, and poly(lactic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol), PLA/PEG, with clay modified with methyl-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) tallow alkyl ammonium cations (Cloisite 30B) were prepared by melt-blending methods. The influence of PEG content on the structure and thermal properties of nanocomposites was investigated. Comparative samples of the PLA/PEG blends with different PEG content were also considered. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) were used to characterize the studied samples. From XRD, SEM and TEM results, it can be concluded that PEG molecules co-intercalate the silicate layers of Cloisite 30B, together with PLA, allowing better parallel stacking of the silicate layers and the interaction between them. The decrease in the glass transition temperature and crystallization temperature of PLA nanocomposites with an increase in the PEG content, showed the double role of PEG as a plasticizer and as a compatibilizer during the preparation of PLA nanocomposites. © The Author(s) 2012. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Ammonium cations Cloisite Crystallization temperature Melt-blending methods Poly lactic acid SEM and TEM Silicate layers Structure and thermal properties Transmission electron microscopy tem XRD Ammonium compounds Lactic acid Nanocomposites Organoclay Plasticizers Polypropylenes Reinforced plastics Scanning electron microscopy Silicates Thermogravimetric analysis Transmission electron microscopy X ray diffraction Polyethylene glycols 2012 0954-0083 24 4 254 261 8 10.1177/0954008311433605 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Industrial Materials Institute (IMI-IMI) Institut des matériaux industriels du CNRC (IMI-IMI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269337 15279187-62f2-4ac0-a88d-98bbe2dce135 S. Colah aut D.H. Freed aut IBD IBD P. Mundt aut S. Germscheid aut IBD IBD P. White aut A. Ali aut G. Tian aut IBD IBD S. Large aut F. Falter aut text article eng We describe a cost-effective, reproducible circuit in a porcine, ex vivo, continuous warm-blood, bi-ventricular, working heart model that has future possibilities for pre-transplant assessment of marginal hearts donated from brain stem dead donors and hearts donated after circulatory determination of death (DCDD).In five consecutive experiments over five days, pressure volume loops were performed. During working mode, the left ventricular end systolic pressure volume relationship (LV ESPVR) was 23.1±11.1 mmHg/ml and the LV preload recruitable stroke work (PRSW) was 67.8±7.2. (Standard PVAN analysis software) (Millar Instruments, Houston, TX, USA)All five hearts were perfused for 219±64 minutes and regained normal cardiac function on the perfusion system.They displayed a significant upward and leftward shift of the end systolic pressure volume relationship, a significant increase in preload recruitable stroke work and minimal stiffness. These hearts could potentially be considered for transplantation. The circuit was effective during reperfusion and working modes whilst proving to be successful in maintaining cardiac function in excess of four hours. Using an autologous prime of approximately 20% haematocrit (Hct), electrolytes and blood gases were easy to control within this period using standard perfusion techniques. © The Author(s) 2012. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes electrolyte animal tissue article blood gas brain stem cost effectiveness analysis ex vivo study heart function heart preload heart transplantation heart ventricle pressure hematocrit nonhuman organ donor organ perfusion preoperative evaluation priority journal reperfusion swine systolic blood pressure Animals Extracorporeal Circulation Heart Heart Transplantation Myocardial Reperfusion Myocardial Reperfusion Injury Organ Preservation Perfusion Risk Assessment Swine Tissue Donors 2012 0267-6591 27 5 408 413 6 10.1177/0267659112449035 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biodiagnostics (IBD-IBD) Institut du biodiagnostic du CNRC (IBD-IBD) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269338 64fd5ce1-56c9-4c5d-b15d-d971e27aeda9 P. Shao aut EME EME C.J. Kurth aut text article eng The pH-dependent inter-conversion of the three free chlorine species (Cl2, HOCl, OCl-) present in the aqueous hypochlorite solution was theoretically investigated. Each species was found overwhelmingly present in a characteristic pH range. Hypochlorite treatment of the polyamide membrane was carried out over these pH ranges and various membrane responses were observed. As pH is less than 8, membrane tends to be N-chlorinated by Cl2 and HOCl, and N-chlorinated membrane showed reduced water permeance and salt rejection. As pH rises to 10-12, OCl appears to be the dominating chlorine species. Membrane hydrolysis was found to well interpret the improved water permeance and salt rejection. When the pH is between 8-10, both N-chlorination and hydrolysis contribute to the response of the membrane, and the treated membrane showed improved salt rejection but reduced water permeation. Excessive hydrolysis occurred while the membrane was treated at pH 13 for the much stronger alkalinity. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Chlorinating species Hypochlorite treatment Membrane chemistry N-chlorination Salt rejections Alkalinity Chlorination Chlorine Hydrolysis pH Polyamides Reverse osmosis Membranes 2012 2005-8624 4 1 69 81 13 10.12989/mwt.2013.4.1.069 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Energy, Mining and Environment (EME-EME) Énergie, mines et environnement (EME-EME) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269339 bbf27c9f-434e-4030-b494-e415882e46a4 M. Chevance aut A.-M. Weijmans aut I. Damjanov aut R.G. Abraham aut L. Simard aut HIA IHA S. Van Den Bergh aut HIA IHA E. Caris aut K. Glazebrook aut text article eng Recent deep Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 imaging suggests that a majority of compact quiescent massive galaxies at z 2 may contain disks. To investigate this claim, we have compared the ellipticity distribution of 31 carefully selected high-redshift massive quiescent compact galaxies to a set of mass-selected ellipticity and Sérsic index distributions obtained from two-dimensional structural fits to 40, 000 nearby galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov test shows that the distribution of ellipticities for the high-redshift galaxies is consistent with the ellipticity distribution of a similarly chosen sample of massive early-type galaxies. However, the distribution of Sérsic indices for the high-redshift sample is inconsistent with that of local early-type galaxies, and instead resembles that of local disk-dominated populations. The mismatch between the properties of high-redshift compact galaxies and those of both local early-type and disk-dominated systems leads us to conclude that the basic structures of high-redshift compact galaxies probably do not closely resemble those of any single local galaxy population. Any galaxy population analog to the high-redshift compact galaxies that exists at the current epoch is either a mix of different types of galaxies, or possibly a unique class of objects on their own. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 2041-8205 754 2 L24 10.1088/2041-8205/754/2/L24 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269340 a09f075b-b542-4b5e-b502-be5dd3439b8b J.P. Blakeslee aut HIA IHA text article eng The surface brightness fluctuations (SBF) method measures the variance in a galaxy's light distribution arising from fluctuations in the numbers and luminosities of individual stars per resolution element. Once calibrated for stellar population effects, SBF measurements with HST provide distances to early-type galaxies with unrivaled precision. Optical SBF data from HST for the Virgo and Fornax clusters give the relative distances of these nearby fiducial clusters with 2% precision and constrain their internal structures. Observations in hand will allow us to tie the Coma cluster, the standard of comparison for distant cluster studies, into the same precise relative distance scale. The SBF method can be calibrated in an absolute sense either empirically from Cepheids or theoretically from stellar population models. The agreement between the model and empirical zero points has improved dramatically, providing an independent confirmation of the Cepheid distance scale. SBF is still brighter in the near-IR, and an ongoing program to calibrate the method for the F110W and F160W passbands of the Wide Field Camera 3 IR channel will enable accurate distance derivation whenever a large early-type galaxy or bulge is observed in these passbands at distances reaching well out into the Hubble flow. © 2012 UK Crown: National Research Council of Canada. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-640X 341 1 179 186 8 10.1007/s10509-012-0997-6 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269341 aa94b0e4-f032-45a8-95cb-37b7b2c60fd0 A. Aubry aut IBS ISB G. Hussack aut IBS ISB W. Chen aut IBS ISB R. KuoLee aut IBS ISB S.M. Twine aut IBS ISB K.M. Fulton aut IBS ISB S. Foote aut IBS ISB C.D. Carrillo aut J. Tanha aut IBS ISB S.M. Logan aut IBS ISB text article eng We show in this study that toxin production in Clostridium difficile is altered in cells which can no longer form flagellar filaments. The impact of inactivation of fliC, CD0240, fliF, fliG, fliM, and flhB-fliR flagellar genes upon toxin levels in culture supernatants was assessed using cell-based cytotoxicity assay, proteomics, immunoassay, and immunoblotting approaches. Each of these showed that toxin levels in supernatants were significantly increased in a fliC mutant compared to that in the C. difficile 630 parent strain. In contrast, the toxin levels in supernatants secreted from other flagellar mutants were significantly reduced compared with that in the parental C. difficile 630 strain. Transcriptional analysis of the pathogenicity locus genes (tcdR, tcdB, tcdE, and tcdA) revealed a significant increase of all four genes in the fliC mutant strain, while transcription of all four genes was significantly reduced in fliM, fliF, fliG, and flhB-fliR mutants. These results demonstrate that toxin transcription in C. difficile is modulated by the flagellar regulon. More significantly, mutant strains showed a corresponding change in virulence compared to the 630 parent strain when tested in a hamster model of C. difficile infection. This is the first demonstration of differential flagellum-related transcriptional regulation of toxin production in C. difficile and provides evidence for elaborate regulatory networks for virulence genes in C. difficile. © 2012, American Society for Microbiology. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes bacterial protein CD0240 protein flhB protein fliC protein fliF protein fliM protein fliR protein mutant protein unclassified drug animal experiment animal model article bacterial genetics bacterial virulence Clostridium difficile controlled study cytotoxicity female flagellum gene expression gene inactivation gene locus gene regulatory network genetic transcription immunoassay immunoblotting nonhuman priority journal protein secretion proteomics regulon supernatant toxin synthesis Animals Bacterial Proteins Bacterial Toxins Clostridium difficile Cricetinae Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Female Flagella Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial Mutation Proteomics RNA, Bacterial Sigma Factor Transcriptome 2012 0019-9567 80 10 3521 3532 12 10.1128/IAI.00224-12 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269342 211e9e90-c722-49aa-a9e7-58ebfe9fe2f2 Y. Zeng aut IBS ISB D. Callaghan aut IBS ISB H. Xiong aut IBS ISB Z. Yang aut P. Huang aut W. Zhang aut IBS ISB text article eng Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play important roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD). ABCG2 is a transporter protein expressed in the brain and involved in GSH transport. To study the roles of Abcg2 in oxidative stress and AD, we cross-bred Tg-SwDI and Abcg2-KO mice and generated Tg-SwDI/Abcg2-KO (double-tg) mice. Brain tissues from double-tg, Tg-SwDI, wild-type, and Abcg2-KO mice at various ages were analyzed. Aβ40 and Aβ42 were detected in Tg-SwDI and double-tg mice. Total brain GSH was decreased and levels of lipid/DNA oxidation were increased in 3-month double-tg compared to Tg-SwDI mice. Low brain GSH was still detected in 9-month double-tg mice. Increased HMOX-1 and MCP-5 expression was observed in 9-month double-tg mice but not in Tg-SwDI mice compared to WT and Abcg2-KO mice. Increased HMOX-1 and decreased ICAM-1 expression were observed in 12-month double-tg mice compared to Tg-SwDI mice. The levels of Nrf-2 expression and activity were decreased in 6-month double-tg mice. Behavioral tests show impaired cognitive/memory performance of 9-month double-tg compared to Tg-SwDI mice as well as WT and Abcg2-KO mice. These results suggest that Abcg2 deficiency increases oxidative stress and alters inflammatory response in the brain and exacerbates cognitive/memory deficit in double-tg mice at different developmental stages. © 2012 National Research Council Canada & The Authors. Journal of Neurochemistry © 2012 International Society for Neurochemistry. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes beta actin breast cancer resistance protein cytokine DNA glutathione intercellular adhesion molecule 1 interleukin 1beta lipid monocyte chemotactic protein 5 transcription factor Nrf2 animal experiment animal model animal tissue article brain tissue cognitive defect controlled study developmental stage enzyme linked immunosorbent assay female gel mobility shift assay gene expression genotype inflammation lipid oxidation male memory disorder mouse nonhuman oxidative stress priority journal protein deficiency protein expression real time polymerase chain reaction transgenic mouse Western blotting Aging Amyloid beta-Peptides Animals ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters Cognition Disorders Cytokines Disease Progression DNA Encephalitis Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Glutathione Heme Oxygenase-1 Immunohistochemistry Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Maze Learning Mice Mice, Knockout Mice, Transgenic NF-E2-Related Factor 2 Oxidative Stress Peptide Fragments Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Signal Transduction Mus Mus musculus 2012 0022-3042 122 2 456 469 14 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07783.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269344 dabadeb2-d677-402a-9cbe-a0cc2911c4bd G. Jiao aut G. Yu aut X. Zhao aut J. Zhang aut INH ISNS H.S. Ewart aut text chapter eng In recent decades, poly- and oligosaccharides derived from marine sources including algae, invertebrates and some bacteria display significant antioxidant activities. Development of therapeutic products based on such bioactive poly-/oligosaccharides has been generating considerable interest. Research has shown that the antioxidant properties of marine polysaccharides depend on a number of structural properties, such as the functional groups, molecular weight, and monosaccharide compositions. Structural characteristics may lead to differing mechanisms responsible for antioxidant activities that can be evaluated by various in vitro approaches including l,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power, Superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. This chapter reviews the research on the antioxidant properties of marine poly- and oligosaccharides, with particular emphasis on the relationship between their structural features and antioxidant mechanism. The antioxidant properties of marine poly- and oligosaccharides may lead to their increased use as natural antioxidant agents in food, medical, cosmetic, and other applications. © 2012 Scrivener Publishing LLC. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 9781118208540 179 201 23 10.1002/9781118445440.ch8 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Nutrisciences and Health (INH-ISNS) Institut des sciences nutritionnelles et de la santé du CNRC (ISNS-INH) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269345 772a1f14-635f-40ea-abb7-3d186575f902 S.D. Van Dyk aut T.J. Davidge aut HIA IHA N. Elias-Rosa aut S. Taubenberger aut W. Li aut E.M. Levesque aut S. Howerton aut G. Pignata aut N. Morrell aut M. Hamuy aut A.V. Filippenko aut text article eng We have obtained limited photometric and spectroscopic data for supernova (SN) 2008bk in NGC7793, primarily at ≳ 150 days after explosion. We find that it is a Type II-Plateau (II-P) SN that most closely resembles the low-luminosity SN1999br in NGC4900. Given the overall similarity between the observed light curves and colors of SNe 2008bk and 1999br, we infer that the total visual extinction to SN2008bk (AV = 0.065mag) must be almost entirely due to the Galactic foreground, similar to what has been assumed for SN1999br. We confirm the identification of the putative red supergiant (RSG) progenitor star of the SN in high-quality g′r′i′ images we had obtained in 2007 at the Gemini-South 8m telescope. Little ambiguity exists in this progenitor identification, qualifying it as the best example to date, next to the identification of the star Sk -69°202 as the progenitor of SN1987A. From a combination of photometry of the Gemini images with that of archival, pre-SN, Very Large Telescope JHKs images, we derive an accurate observed spectral energy distribution (SED) for the progenitor. We find from nebular strong-intensity emission-line indices for several H II regions near the SN that the metallicity in the environment is likely subsolar (Z 0.6 Z ⊙). The observed SED of the star agrees quite well with synthetic SEDs obtained from model RSG atmospheres with effective temperature T eff = 3600 50K. We find, therefore, that the star had a bolometric luminosity with respect to the Sun of log (L bol/L ⊙) = 4.57 0.06 and radius R ⊙ = 496 34 R ⊙ at 6 months prior to explosion. Comparing the progenitor's properties with theoretical massive-star evolutionary models, we conclude that the RSG progenitor had an initial mass in the range of 8-8.5 M ⊙. This mass is consistent with, albeit at the low end of, the inferred range of initial masses for SN II-P progenitors. It is also consistent with the estimated upper limit on the initial mass of the progenitor of SN1999br, and it agrees with the low initial masses found for the RSG progenitors of other low-luminosity SNe II-P. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-6256 143 1 19 10.1088/0004-6256/143/1/19 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269346 93e7371c-c1d0-423d-9d90-f38563b2979a J. Xia aut R. Mandal aut I.V. Sinelnikov aut D. Broadhurst aut D.S. Wishart aut NINT INNT text article eng First released in 2009, MetaboAnalyst (www.metaboanalyst.ca) was a relatively simple web server designed to facilitate metabolomic data processing and statistical analysis. With continuing advances in metabolomics along with constant user feedback, it became clear that a substantial upgrade to the original server was necessary. MetaboAnalyst 2.0, which is the successor to MetaboAnalyst, represents just such an upgrade. MetaboAnalyst 2.0 now contains dozens of new features and functions including new procedures for data filtering, data editing and data normalization. It also supports multi-group data analysis, two-factor analysis as well as time-series data analysis. These new functions have also been supplemented with: (i) a quality-control module that allows users to evaluate their data quality before conducting any analysis, (ii) a functional enrichment analysis module that allows users to identify biologically meaningful patterns using metabolite set enrichment analysis and (iii) a metabolic pathway analysis module that allows users to perform pathway analysis and visualization for 15 different model organisms. In developing MetaboAnalyst 2.0 we have also substantially improved its graphical presentation tools. All images are now generated using anti-aliasing and are available over a range of resolutions, sizes and formats (PNG, TIFF, PDF, PostScript, or SVG). To improve its performance, MetaboAnalyst 2.0 is now hosted on a much more powerful server with substantially modified code to take advantage the server's multi-core CPUs for computationally intensive tasks. MetaboAnalyst 2.0 also maintains a collection of 50 or more FAQs and more than a dozen tutorials compiled from user queries and requests. A downloadable version of MetaboAnalyst 2.0, along detailed instructions for local installation is now available as well. © 2012 The Author(s). yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes article computer computer program controlled study data processing functional enrichment analysis image display Internet metabolism metabolite metabolomics performance priority journal quality control statistical analysis time series analysis web server Classification Cluster Analysis Computer Graphics Internet Metabolomics Software 2012 0305-1048 40 W1 W127 W133 10.1093/nar/gks374 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Institute for Nanotechnology (NINT-INNT) Institut national de nanotechnologie (INNT-NINT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) gold access 21269347 1f0ff34b-f0fa-426c-a6be-f7df0f837ac4 S. Abraham aut NINT INNT M.S. Bahniuk aut L.D. Unsworth aut NINT INNT text article eng Protein-surface interactions are crucial to the overall biocompatability of biomaterials, and are thought to be the impetus towards the adverse host responses such as blood coagulation and complement activation. Only a few studies hint at the ultra-low fouling potential of zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (PCBMA) grafted surfaces and, of those, very few systematically investigate their non-fouling behavior. In this work, single protein adsorption studies as well as protein adsorption from complex solutions (i.e. human plasma) were used to evaluate the non-fouling potential of PCBMA grafted silica wafers prepared by nitroxide- mediated free radical polymerization. PCBMAs used for surface grafting varied in charge separating spacer groups that influence the overall surface charges, and chain endgroups that influence the overall hydrophilicity, thereby, allows a better understanding of these effects towards the protein adsorption for thesematerials. In situ ellipsometry was used to quantify the adsorbed layer thickness and adsorption kinetics for the adsorption of four proteins from single protein buffer solutions, viz, lysozyme, α-lactalbumin, human serum albumin and fibrinogen. Total amount of protein adsorbed on surfaces differed as a function of surface properties and protein characteristics. Finally, immunoblots results showed that human plasma protein adsorption to these surfaces resulted, primarily, in the adsorption of human serum albumin, with total protein adsorbed amounts being the lowest for PCBMA-3 (TEMPO). It was apparent that surface charge and chain hydrophilicity directly influenced protein adsorption behavior of PCBMA systems and are promising materials for biomedical applications. © The Author(s) 2012. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 1934-8630 7 1-Apr 1 14 14 10.1007/s13758-012-0040-z National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Institute for Nanotechnology (NINT-INNT) Institut national de nanotechnologie (INNT-NINT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269348 31d410c9-6d32-46d2-8960-9ad1bfa6a5d4 Z. Huang aut M.M. Hawkeye aut M.J. Brett aut NINT INNT text article eng A new technique is developed to fabricate biomimetic antireflection coatings (ARCs). This technique combines a bottom-up fabrication approach (glancing angle deposition, or GLAD) with a top-down engineering process (ion milling). The GLAD technique is first utilized to produce nanopillar arrays (NPAs) with broadened structures, which are subsequently transformed into biomimetic tapered geometries by means of post-deposition ion milling. This structure transformation, due to milling-induced mass redistribution, remarkably decreases reflection over a wide wavelength range (3001700nm) and field of view (angle of incidence <60°with respect to the substrate normal). The milling-induced antireflection enhancement has been demonstrated in the NPAs made of Si, SiO x and TiO 2, illustrating that this integrated technique is readily adapted to a wide variety of materials. Good agreement between simulation and experiment indicates that the enhanced antireflection performance is ascribed to a smoother refractive index transition from the substrate to the air, which improves the impedance match and reduces reflection losses. Additionally, ion bombardment tends to alter the stoichiometry and diminish the crystallographic structure of the NPA materials. The broadband and quasi-omnidirectional antireflection observed establishes the strong competitiveness of this technique with the methods previously reported. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Angle of Incidence Anti-reflection Bottom-up fabrication Crystallographic structure Engineering process Field of views Glancing Angle Deposition Impedance match Integrated techniques Ion milling Mass redistribution Nano-pillar arrays Post-deposition Reflection loss Structure transformations Tapered geometry TiO Topdown Wavelength ranges Antireflection coatings Biomimetics Competition Ion bombardment Refractive index Stoichiometry Titanium dioxide Milling (machining) ion nanomaterial article chemistry light materials testing methodology particle size radiation scattering refractometry surface plasmon resonance surface property ultrastructure Ions Light Materials Testing Nanostructures Particle Size Refractometry Scattering, Radiation Surface Plasmon Resonance Surface Properties 2012 0957-4484 23 27 275703 10.1088/0957-4484/23/27/275703 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Institute for Nanotechnology (NINT-INNT) Institut national de nanotechnologie (INNT-NINT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269350 e3b091d1-174c-407a-9aab-6a638cb5291e J.V. Buckle aut C.J. Davis aut J. di Francesco aut HIA IHA S.F. Graves aut D. Nutter aut J.S. Richer aut J.F. Roberts aut D. Ward-Thompson aut G.J. White aut C. Brunt aut H.M. Butner aut B. Cavanagh aut A. Chrysostomou aut E.I. Curtis aut A. Duarte-Cabral aut M. Etxaluze aut M. Fich aut P. Friberg aut R. Friesen aut HIA IHA G.A. Fuller aut J.S. Greaves aut J. Hatchell aut M.R. Hogerheijde aut D. Johnstone aut HIA IHA B. Matthews aut HIA IHA H. Matthews aut NRC CNRC J.M.C. Rawlings aut S. Sadavoy aut HIA IHA R.J. Simpson aut N.F.H. Tothill aut Y.G. Tsamis aut S. Viti aut J.G.A. Wouterloot aut J. Yates aut text article eng The Gould Belt Legacy Survey will map star-forming regions within 500pc, using Heterodyne Array Receiver Programme (HARP), Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array 2 (SCUBA-2) and Polarimeter 2 (POL-2) on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). This paper describes HARP observations of the J= 3 → 2 transitions of 13CO and C 18O towards Orion A. The 15arcsec resolution observations cover 5pc of the Orion filament, including OMC 1 (including BN-KL and Orion bar), OMC 2/3 and OMC 4, and allow a comparative study of the molecular gas properties throughout the star-forming cloud. The filament shows a velocity gradient of ∼1kms -1pc -1 between OMC 1, 2 and 3, and high-velocity emission is detected in both isotopologues. The Orion Nebula and Bar have the largest masses and linewidths, and dominate the mass and energetics of the high-velocity material. Compact, spatially resolved emission from CH 3CN, 13CH 3OH, SO, HCOOCH 3, CH 3CHO and CH 3OCHO is detected towards the Orion Hot Core. The cloud is warm, with a median excitation temperature of ∼24K; the Orion Bar has the highest excitation temperature gas, at >80K. The C 18O excitation temperature correlates well with the dust temperature (to within 40 per cent). The C 18O emission is optically thin, and the 13CO emission is marginally optically thick; despite its high mass, OMC 1 shows the lowest opacities. A virial analysis indicates that Orion A is too massive for thermal or turbulent support, but is consistent with a model of a filamentary cloud that is threaded by helical magnetic fields. The variation of physical conditions across the cloud is reflected in the physical characteristics of the dust cores. We find similar core properties between starless and protostellar cores, but variations in core properties with position in the filament. The OMC 1 cores have the highest velocity dispersions and masses, followed by OMC 2/3 and OMC 4. The differing fragmentation of these cores may explain why OMC 1 has formed clusters of high-mass stars, whereas OMC 4 produces fewer, predominantly low-mass stars. © 2012 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2012 RAS. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0035-8711 422 1 521 541 21 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20628.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269352 cfa228b9-5e6d-47ad-a96c-89bd559b4fed M. Breger aut L. Fossati aut L. Balona aut D.W. Kurtz aut P. Robertson aut D. Bohlender aut HIA IHA P. Lenz aut I. Müller aut Th. Lüftinger aut B.D. Clarke aut J.R. Hall aut K.A. Ibrahim aut text article eng Two years of Kepler data of KIC8054146 (δSct/γDor hybrid) revealed 349 statistically significant frequencies between 0.54 and 191.36cyclesday -1 (6.3μHz to 2.21mHz). The 117 low frequencies cluster in specific frequency bands, but do not show the equidistant period spacings predicted for gravity modes of successive radial order, n, and reported for at least one other hybrid pulsator. The four dominant low frequencies in the 2.8-3.0cyclesday -1 (32-35μHz) range show strong amplitude variability with timescales of months and years. These four low frequencies also determine the spacing of the higher frequencies in and beyond the δSct pressure-mode frequency domain. In fact, most of the higher frequencies belong to one of three families with spacings linked to a specific dominant low frequency. In the Fourier spectrum, these family regularities show up as triplets, high-frequency sequences with absolutely equidistant frequency spacings, side lobes (amplitude modulations), and other regularities in frequency spacings. Furthermore, within two families the amplitude variations between the low and high frequencies are related. We conclude that the low frequencies (gravity modes, rotation) and observed high frequencies (mostly pressure modes) are physically connected. This unusual behavior may be related to the very rapid rotation of the star: from a combination of high- and low-resolution spectroscopy we determined that KIC8054146 is a very fast rotator (υ sin i=300±20km s -1) with an effective temperature of 7600±200K and a surface gravity log g of 3.9±0.3. Several astrophysical ideas explaining the origin of the relationship between the low and high frequencies are explored. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-637X 759 1 62 10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/62 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269333 b11bb3a0-72de-4495-9d1b-7bfe3e0c68f6 D.S. Wishart aut NINT INNT text article eng "Big" molecules such as proteins and genes still continue to capture the imagination of most biologists, biochemists and bioinformaticians. "Small" molecules, on the other hand, are the molecules that most biologists, biochemists and bioinformaticians prefer to ignore. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that small molecules such as amino acids, lipids and sugars play a far more important role in all aspects of disease etiology and disease treatment than we realized. This particular chapter focuses on an emerging field of bioinformatics called "chemical bioinformatics" - a discipline that has evolved to help address the blended chemical and molecular biological needs of toxicogenomics, pharmacogenomics, metabolomics and systems biology. In the following pages we will cover several topics related to chemical bioinformatics. First, a brief overview of some of the most important or useful chemical bioinformatic resources will be given. Second, a more detailed overview will be given on those particular resources that allow researchers to connect small molecules to diseases. This section will focus on describing a number of recently developed databases or knowledgebases that explicitly relate small molecules - either as the treatment, symptom or cause - to disease. Finally a short discussion will be provided on newly emerging software tools that exploit these databases as a means to discover new biomarkers or even new treatments for disease. © 2012 David S. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes article bioinformatics chemical bioinformatics data analysis software data mining drug database knowledge base metabolomics pharmacogenomics systems biology toxicogenetics Biological Markers Computational Biology Databases, Factual Disease Drug Discovery Humans Metabolomics User-Computer Interface 2012 1553-734X 8 12 e1002805 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002805 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Institute for Nanotechnology (NINT-INNT) Institut national de nanotechnologie (INNT-NINT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269334 c9479412-e647-40f5-acc0-ec493d9cb58d M.I. Ratner aut N. Bartel aut M.F. Bietenholz aut D.E. Lebach aut J.-F. Lestrade aut R.R. Ransom aut HIA IHA I.I. Shapiro aut text article eng We present the principal astrometric results of the very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) program undertaken in support of the Gravity Probe B (GP-B) relativity mission. VLBI observations of the GP-B guide star, the RS CVn binary IM Pegasi (HR 8703), yielded positions at 35 epochs between 1997 and 2005. We discuss the statistical assumptions behind these results and our methods for estimating the systematic errors. We find the proper motion of IM Peg in an extragalactic reference frame closely related to the International Celestial Reference Frame 2 (ICRF2) to be -20.83 ± 0.03 ± 0.09masyr -1 in right ascension and -27.27 ± 0.03 ± 0.09masyr -1 in declination. For each component, the first uncertainty is the statistical standard error and the second is the total standard error (SE) including plausible systematic errors. We also obtain a parallax of 10.37 ± 0.07mas (distance: 96.4 ± 0.7pc), for which there is no evidence of any significant contribution of systematic error. Our parameter estimates for the 25day period orbital motion of the stellar radio emission have SEs corresponding to 0.10mas on the sky in each coordinate. The total SE of our estimate of IM Peg's proper motion is 30% smaller than the accuracy goal set by the GP-B project before launch: 0.14masyr -1 for each coordinate of IM Peg's proper motion. Our results ensure that the uncertainty in IM Peg's proper motion makes only a very small contribution to the uncertainty of the GP-B relativity tests. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0067-0049 201 1 5 10.1088/0067-0049/201/1/5 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269335 f630f790-b520-4be6-9b54-00ec15d303d8 Z. Shi aut AERO AERO A. Elfizy aut B. St-Pierre aut H. Attia aut AERO AERO text article eng An experimental study is reported on the grinding of a nickel-based alloy using vitrified CBN wheels. This work was motivated by switching the grinding of fir-tree root forms of jet engine blades from creep-feed grinding with conventional abrasive wheels to vitrified CBN wheels. The objective is to explore process limits and practical grinding parameters for judging the switch in terms of overall costs and productivity. Straight surface grinding experiments were conducted with water-based fluid on rectangular blocks at a fixed wheel speed ν s = 45 m/s, various depths of cut a = 0.05-1.0 mm, and workspeeds ν w = 2-40 mm/s. Grinding and dressing power, forces, surface roughness, and radial wheel wear were measured. Specific material removal rate of 8 mm 3/(mm.s) was reached in rough grinding using a wheel dressed for achieving surface roughness R a = 0.8 μm in finish grinding. It was found that shallow depths of cut combined with fast workspeeds, or less creep-feed modes, are more suitable for achieving high material removal rates with vitrified CBN grinding. Rough grinding is restricted by high grinding temperatures with newly dressed wheels and by chatters with worn wheels. Copyright © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes G-ratio Grinding force Grinding power Nickel based alloy Vitrified CBN Grinding wheels Iron alloys Jet engines Surface roughness Vehicles Wheel dressing Grinding (machining) 2012 1752-2641 5 1 1 16 16 10.1504/IJAT.2012.046827 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269343 783df4bd-3684-458b-9853-2e2d4c11ece2 T.J. Davidge aut HIA IHA A.W. McConnachie aut HIA IHA M.A. Fardal aut J. Fliri aut D. Valls-Gabaud aut S.C. Chapman aut G.F. Lewis aut R.M. Rich aut text article eng We examine the star-forming history of the M31 disk during the past few hundredMyr. The luminosity functions (LFs) of main-sequence stars at distances R GC > 21kpc (i.e., >4 disk scale lengths) are matched by models that assume a constant star formation rate (SFR). However, at smaller R GC the LFs suggest that during the past 10Myr the SFR was 2-3 times higher than during the preceding 100Myr. The rings of cool gas that harbor a significant fraction of the current star-forming activity are traced by stars with ages 100Myr, indicating that (1) these structures have ages of at least 100Myr and (2) stars in these structures do not follow the same relation between age and random velocity as their counterparts throughout the disks of other spiral galaxies, probably due to the inherently narrow orbital angular momentum distribution of the giant molecular clouds in these structures. The distribution of evolved red stars is not azimuthally symmetric, in the sense that the projected density along the northeast segment of the major axis is roughly twice that on the opposite side of the galaxy. The northeast arm of the major axis thus appears to be a fossil star-forming area that dates to intermediate epochs. Such a structure may be the consequence of interactions with a companion galaxy. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-637X 751 1 74 10.1088/0004-637X/751/1/74 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269349 b1138abf-7d18-4772-982a-4d62b2bac8c7 G. Hussack aut IBS ISB C.R. MacKenzie aut IBS ISB J. Tanha aut IBS ISB text article eng Camelidae single-domain antibodies (VHHs) represent a unique class of emerging therapeutics. Similar to other recombinant antibody fragments (e.g., Fabs, scFvs), VHHs are amenable to library screening and selection, but benefit from superior intrinsic biophysical properties such as high refolding efficiency, high solubility, no tendency for aggregation, resistance to proteases and chemical denaturants, and high expression, making them ideal agents for antibody-based drug design. Despite these favorable biophysical characteristics, further improvements to VHH stability are desirable when considering applications in adverse environments like high heat, low humidity, pH extremes, and the acidic, protease-rich gastrointestinal tract. Recently, the introduction of a disulfide bond into the hydrophobic core of camelid VHHs increased antibody thermal and conformational stability. Here, we present additional protocols for characterizing the effects of the introduced disulfide bond on a panel of llama VHHs. Specifically, we employ mass spectrometry fingerprinting analysis of VHH peptides to confirm the presence of the introduced disulfide bond, size exclusion chromatography, and surface plasmon resonance to examine the effects on aggregation state and target affinity, and circular dichroism spectroscopy and protease digestion assays to assess the effects on thermal and proteolytic stability. The disulfide bond stabilization strategy can be incorporated into antibody library design and should lead to hyperstabilized single-domain antibodies (VHHs, VHs), and possibly Fabs and scFvs, if selection pressures such as denaturants or proteases are introduced during antibody selection. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Camelidae single domain antibody nanobody unclassified drug bacterial toxin disulfide article circular dichroism disulfide bond gel permeation chromatography mass spectrometry priority journal protein degradation surface plasmon resonance thermostability amino acid sequence animal Artiodactyla chemistry metabolism molecular genetics protein binding protein engineering protein folding protein stability solubility temperature Amino Acid Sequence Animals Bacterial Toxins Camelids, New World Disulfides Molecular Sequence Data Protein Binding Protein Engineering Protein Folding Protein Stability Proteolysis Single-Domain Antibodies Solubility Temperature 2012 1064-3745 9781617799679 911 417 429 13 10.1007/978-1-61779-968-6-25 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269323 baa0bbba-25a0-43c8-a688-0c8db55534d0 D. Yang aut IMI IMI 7th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials, THERMEC'2011, 1 August 2011 through 5 August 2011, Quebec City, QC text article eng Thin films of manganese oxides have been prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) process on silicon and stainless steel substrates at different substrate temperatures and oxygen gas pressures. By proper selection of temperature and oxygen pressure during the PLD process, pure phases of Mn 2O 3, Mn 3O 4 as well as an amorphous phase of MnO x were successfully fabricated and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The pseudo-capacitance behaviors of those manganese oxides of different phases have also been evaluated by the electrochemical cyclic voltammetry in 0.1 M Na 2SO 4 aqueous electrolyte. Their specific current and capacitance determined at different scan rates were calculated and compared. The results show that polycrystalline Mn 2O 3 phase has the highest specific current and capacitance, while the values for polycrystalline Mn 3O 4 films are the lowest. The amorphous phase MnOx films have the values sitting in between those of Mn 2O 3 and Mn 3O 4. The specific capacitance of Mn 2O 3 films reaches 200 F/g at 1 mV/sec scan with excellent stability and cyclic durability. This work has demonstrated that PLD is a very promising technique for supercapacitor material research due to its excellent flexibility and capability of controlling microstructures and phases of various materials. © 2012 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Amorphous phase Aqueous electrolyte Cyclic durability Different substrates Electrochemical capacitor Material research Metal oxide thin films Oxygen gas pressure Oxygen pressure PLD process Polycrystalline Pseudocapacitive Scan rates Specific capacitance Stainless steel substrates Super capacitor Supercapacitor application Ultracapacitors Amorphous films Amorphous materials Capacitance Capacitors Cyclic voltammetry Deposition Manganese Manganese oxide Metallic compounds Oxide films Oxides Oxygen Programmable logic controllers Pulsed laser deposition Sodium Stainless steel Substrates Thin films Vapor deposition X ray diffraction Pulsed lasers Manganese 2012 0255-5476 9783037853030 706-709 884 889 6 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.706-709.884 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Industrial Materials Institute (IMI-IMI) Institut des matériaux industriels du CNRC (IMI-IMI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269325 e406e215-db66-45d1-ad6c-e4d07ed49b07 E.S.M. Ali aut M.R. McEwen aut INMS IENM D.W.O. Rogers aut text article eng Purpose: There are three goals for this study: (a) to perform detailed megavoltage transmission measurements in order to identify the factors that affect the measurement accuracy, (b) to use the measured data as a benchmark for the EGSnrc system in order to identify the computational limiting factors, and (c) to provide data for others to benchmark Monte Carlo codes. Methods: Transmission measurements are performed at the National Research Council Canada on a research linac whose incident electron parameters are independently known. Automated transmission measurements are made on-axis, down to a transmission value of ∼1.7, for eight beams between 10 MV (the lowest stable MV beam on the linac) and 30 MV, using fully stopping Be, Al, and Pb bremsstrahlung targets and no fattening filters. To diversify energy differentiation, data are acquired for each beam using low-Z and high-Z attenuators (C and Pb) and Farmer chambers with low-Z and high-Z buildup caps. Experimental corrections are applied for beam drifts (2), polarity (2.5 typical maximum, 6 extreme), ion recombination (0.2), leakage (0.3), and room scatter (0.8)-the values in parentheses are the largest corrections applied. The experimental setup and the detectors are modeled using EGSnrc, with the newly added photonuclear attenuation included (up to a 5.6 effect). A detailed sensitivity analysis is carried out for the measured and calculated transmission data. Results: The developed experimental protocol allows for transmission measurements with 0.4 uncertainty on the smallest signals. Suggestions for accurate transmission measurements are provided. Measurements and EGSnrc calculations agree typically within 0.2 for the sensitivity of the transmission values to the detector details, to the bremsstrahlung target material, and to the incident electron energy. Direct comparison of the measured and calculated transmission data shows agreement better than 2 for C (3.4 for the 10 MV beam) and typically better than 1 for Pb. The differences can be explained by acceptable photon cross section changes of 0.4. Conclusions: Accurate transmission measurements require accounting for a number of influence quantities which, if ignored, can collectively introduce errors larger than 10. Accurate transmission calculations require the use of the most accurate data and physics options available in EGSnrc, particularly the more accurate bremsstrahlung angular sampling option and the newly added modeling of photonuclear attenuation. Comparison between measurements and calculations implies that EGSnrc is accurate within 0.2 for relative ion chamber response calculations. Photon cross section uncertainties are the ultimate limiting factor for the accuracy of the calculated transmission data (Monte Carlo or analytical). © 2012 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes article instrumentation methodology Monte Carlo method photon quality control radiation scattering radiometry Benchmarking Monte Carlo Method Photons Radiometry Scattering, Radiation 2012 0094-2405 39 10 5990 6003 14 10.1118/1.4745561 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for National Measurement Standards (INMS-IENM) Institut des étalons nationaux de mesure du CNRC (IENM-INMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269327 9a6d8ea1-f068-454c-bd4e-70d483e225a9 D. Neelamegan aut IBS ISB I.C. Schoenhofen aut IBS ISB J.C. Richards aut IBS ISB A.D. Cox aut IBS ISB text article eng Background: Anandamide (Arachidonoyl ethanolamide) is a potent bioactive lipid studied extensively in humans, which regulates several neurobehavioral processes including pain, feeding and memory. Bioactivity is terminated when hydrolyzed into free arachidonic acid and ethanolamine by the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). In this study we report the identification of a FAAH homolog from Dictyostelium discoideum and its function to hydrolyze anandamide. Results: A putative FAAH DNA sequence coding for a conserved amidase signature motif was identified in the Dictyostelium genome database and the corresponding cDNA was isolated and expressed as an epitope tagged fusion protein in either E.coli or Dictyostelium. Wild type Dictyostelium cells express FAAH throughout their development life cycle and the protein was found to be predominantly membrane associated. Production of recombinant HIS tagged FAAH protein was not supported in E.coli host, but homologous Dictyostelium host was able to produce the same successfully. Recombinant FAAH protein isolated from Dictyostelium was shown to hydrolyze anandamide and related synthetic fatty acid amide substrates. Conclusions: This study describes the first identification and characterisation of an anandamide hydrolyzing enzyme from Dictyostelium discoideum, suggesting the potential of Dictyostelium as a simple eukaryotic model system for studying mechanisms of action of any FAAH inhibitors as drug targets. © 2012 Monecke et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes anandamide epitope fatty acid amidase hybrid protein article catalysis Dictyostelium discoideum DNA sequence Escherichia coli fruiting body in vivo study life cycle nonhuman nucleotide sequence protein expression protein localization sequence analysis Amidohydrolases Amino Acid Sequence Arachidonic Acids Cloning, Molecular Computational Biology Dictyostelium DNA, Complementary Endocannabinoids Escherichia coli Gene Expression Gene Expression Profiling Membrane Proteins Molecular Sequence Data Polyunsaturated Alkamides Recombinant Proteins Sequence Alignment Sequence Homology, Amino Acid Substrate Specificity Dictyostelium Dictyostelium discoideum Eukaryota 2012 1471-2180 12 124 10.1186/1471-2180-12-124 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269328 50e627c0-7c70-478a-9867-25c1676a7c6e S.M. Budge aut S.N. Penney aut S.P. Lall aut IMB IBM text article eng Diets incorporating homogeneous binary mixtures of herring or krill oil were fed to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) for 22 weeks, and belly flap and muscle tissues were then analyzed for fatty acid (FA) composition. Quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA) was able to estimate proportions of major dietary components within ~10% of actual values, but the accuracy of the estimates depended on the FA set and calibration coefficients (CC) used in the modelling. FAs present at low levels had little influence on estimates, despite having only dietary sources; the FA set used in the modelling must incorporate the major FAs in tissues to ensure accurate estimates of diet. CC, which reflect modifications that consumers make to dietary FAs, were similar in the two tissues but varied with diet. When CC were applied to correct for fish metabolism, QFASA tended to overestimate the dietary component that had been fed to determine the CC. Diet estimates were most accurate when CC that had been developed from feeding the krill oil-based diet were applied. This first application of QFASA to fish therefore establishes a set of FAs and CC to begin to investigate diets of salmonids. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes calibration diet fatty acid metabolism muscle quantitative analysis salmonid fishery Clupeidae Euphausiacea Salmo salar Salmonidae 2012 0706-652X 69 6 1033 1046 14 10.1139/F2012-039 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Marine Biosciences (IMB-IBM) Institut des biosciences marines du CNRC (IBM-IMB) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269329 e096bbed-a502-43bd-9a5c-01a36f2e951e L. Li aut C. Tibiche aut BRI IRB C. Fu aut BRI IRB T. Kaneko aut M.F. Moran aut M.R. Schiller aut S.S.-C. Li aut E. Wang aut BRI IRB text article eng Phosphotyrosine (pTyr) signaling, which plays a central role in cell-cell and cell-environment interactions, has been considered to be an evolutionary innovation in multicellular metazoans. However, neither the emergence nor the evolution of the human pTyr signaling system is currently understood. Tyrosine kinase (TK) circuits, each of which consists of a TK writer, a kinase substrate, and a related reader, such as Src homology (SH) 2 domains and pTyr-binding (PTB) domains, comprise the core machinery of the pTyr signaling network. In this study, we analyzed the evolutionary trajectories of 583 literature-derived and 50,000 computationally predicted human TK circuits in 19 representative eukaryotic species and assigned their evolutionary origins. We found that human TK circuits for intracellular pTyr signaling originated largely from primitive organisms, whereas the inter- or extracellular signaling circuits experienced significant expansion in the bilaterian lineage through the "back- wiring" of newly evolved kinases to primitive substrates and SH2/PTB domains. Conversely, the TK circuits that are involved in tissue-specific signaling evolved mainly in vertebrates by the back-wiring of vertebrate substrates to primitive kinases and SH2/PTB domains. Importantly, we found that cancer signaling preferentially employs the pTyr sites, which are linked to more TK circuits. Our work provides insights into the evolutionary paths of the human pTyr signaling circuits and suggests the use of a network approach for cancer intervention through the targeting of key pTyr sites and their associated signaling hubs in the network. © 2012, Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes phosphotyrosine protein SH2 protein tyrosine kinase article cell interaction eukaryote human intracellular signaling neoplasm nonhuman priority journal protein binding protein expression Animals Cell Communication Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Evolution, Molecular Humans Models, Genetic Neoplasms Organ Specificity Phosphorylation Phosphotyrosine Phylogeny Protein Binding Protein-Tyrosine Kinases Signal Transduction src Homology Domains Bilateria Eukaryota Metazoa Vertebrata 2012 1088-9051 22 7 1222 1230 9 10.1101/gr.128819.111 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI-IRB) Institut de recherche en biotechnologie du CNRC (IRB-BRI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269330 35702173-68da-496f-b06a-7b4eb6137a17 M. Bani-Yaghoub aut IBS ISB P. Wilson aut M. Hengstschläger aut T. Nikaido aut D. Pei aut text article eng yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes bone morphogenetic protein connexin 43 transcription factor acute lung injury adult stem cell amniocentesis amnion amniotic stem cell cell cloning cell communication cell culture cell differentiation cell isolation chronic lung injury connective tissue editorial embryo cell embryonic stem cell flow cytometry gap junction human immunocytochemistry immunomodulation lung injury medical research mesenchymal stem cell paracrine signaling pluripotent stem cell priority journal protein expression regenerative medicine stem cell stem cell transplantation tissue engineering tissue regeneration tissue repair 2012 1687-9678 530674 10.1155/2012/530674 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269331 f62b687a-c6f1-4389-9b00-285958296d82 R.R. Muñoz aut M. Geha aut P. Côté aut HIA IHA L.C. Vargas aut F.A. Santana aut P. Stetson aut HIA IHA J.D. Simon aut S.G. Djorgovski aut text article eng We report the discovery of a new ultra-faint globular cluster in the constellation of Ursa Minor, based on stellar photometry from the MegaCam imager at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. We find that this cluster, Muñoz 1, is located at a distance of 45 ± 5kpc and at a projected distance of only 45′ from the center of the Ursa Minor dwarf spheroidal galaxy. Using a maximum-likelihood technique we measure a half-light radius of 05, or equivalently 7pc, and an ellipticity consistent with being zero. We estimate its absolute magnitude to be M V = -0.4 ± 0.9, which corresponds to L V = 120 +160 - 65 L· and we measure a heliocentric radial velocity of -137 ± 4kms -1 based on Keck/DEIMOS spectroscopy. This new satellite is separate from Ursa Minor by 30kpc and 110km s -1 suggesting the cluster is not obviously associated with the dSph, despite the very close angular separation. Based on its photometric properties and structural parameters we conclude that Muñoz 1 is a new ultra-faint stellar cluster. Along with Segue 3 this is one of the faintest stellar clusters known to date. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 2041-8205 753 1 L15 10.1088/2041-8205/753/1/L15 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269332 9663ca44-756f-4627-9079-c4e64ef062e4 S. Fathololoumi aut IMS ISM E. Dupont aut IMS ISM C.W.I. Chan aut Z.R. Wasilewski aut IMS ISM S.R. Laframboise aut IMS ISM D. Ban aut A. Matyas aut C. Jirauschek aut Q. Hu aut H.C. Liu aut IMS ISM 2012 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2012, 6 May 2012 through 11 May 2012, San Jose, CA text article eng The density matrix based model is employed to design a THz quantum cascade laser with optimized oscillator strength and improved injection tunneling. A maximum operating temperature of 199.5 K has been recorded at 3.22 THz (1.28hω/kκB). © 2012 OSA. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Density matrix Operating temperature Oscillator strengths THz quantum cascade lasers Quantum cascade lasers Lasers 2012 9781467318396 6326043 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269311 923017e8-a4bd-46dd-823b-d5573b35d12e M.A. Javed aut S.A. Cawthraw aut A. Baig aut J. Li aut IBS ISB A. McNally aut N.J. Oldfield aut D.G. Newell aut G. Manning aut text article eng Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial food-borne enteritis worldwide, and invasion into intestinal epithelial cells is an important virulence mechanism. Recently we reported the identification of hyperinvasive C. jejuni strains and created a number of transposon mutants of one of these strains, some of which exhibited reduced invasion into INT-407 and Caco-2 cells. In one such mutant the transposon had inserted into a homologue of cj1136, which encodes a putative galactosyltransferase according to the annotation of the C. jejuni NCTC11168 genome. In the current study, we investigated the role of cj1136 in C. jejuni virulence, lipooligosaccharide (LOS) biosynthesis, and host colonization by targeted mutagenesis and complementation of the mutation. The cj1136 mutant showed a significant reduction in invasion into human intestinal epithelial cells compared to the wild-type strain 01/51. Invasion levels were partially restored on complementing the mutation. The inactivation of cj1136 resulted in the production of truncated LOS, while biosynthesis of a full-length LOS molecule was restored in the complemented strain. The cj1136 mutant showed an increase in sensitivity to the bile salts sodium taurocholate and sodium deoxycholate and significantly increased sensitivity to polymyxin B compared to the parental strain. Importantly, the ability of the mutant to colonize 1-day-old chicks was also significantly impaired. This study confirms that a putative galactosyltransferase encoded by cj1136 is involved in LOS biosynthesis and is important for C. jejuni virulence, as disruption of this gene and the resultant truncation of LOS affect both colonization in vivo and invasiveness in vitro. © 2012, American Society for Microbiology. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes bile salt deoxycholate sodium lipooligosaccharide polymyxin B taurocholic acid animal experiment animal model antibiotic resistance antibiotic sensitivity article bacterial colonization bacterial gene bacterial mutation bacterial virulence bacterium adherence Campylobacter jejuni carbohydrate synthesis cell invasion chick controlled study enteritis environmental stress food poisoning gene disruption gene inactivation host pathogen interaction in vitro study in vivo study intestine epithelium cell mutagenesis nonhuman priority journal Animals Campylobacter jejuni Cell Line Chickens Disease Models, Animal DNA Transposable Elements Epithelial Cells Galactosyltransferases Gene Deletion Genetic Complementation Test Humans Lipopolysaccharides Mutagenesis, Insertional Virulence Factors 2012 0019-9567 80 7 2361 2370 10 10.1128/IAI.00151-12 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269312 c16fe2a0-2c97-4571-89f5-474224ae1f91 N. Zhang aut IBD IBD X. Song aut IBD IBD Y. Zhang aut text article eng Background: Several structural brain changes have been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigated the prediction of AD by combining multiple brain changes with the hallmark medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA). Methods: High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of people with mild AD (n = 39), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 82), and of healthy controls (HC; n = 58) were obtained at baseline. Among these people, 26 AD, 53 MCI, and 46 HC subjects had 24-month follow-up MRI scans. Bilateral MTA was evaluated using a medial temporal lobe atrophy scale (MTAS). Common changes in the aging brain were summarized using a brain atrophy and lesion index (BALI). The performance of the MTAS, BALI, and a score combining both, using a logistic regression model, were assessed. Results: The MTAS and BALI scores were closely correlated (r2 > 0.56); each differed between the diagnostic groups. Having an unfavorable MTAS score was associated with an increased risk of MCI-AD conversion (OR = 3.71, p = 0.039), adjusted for age, sex, and education; having an unfavorable BALI score marginally contributed to such risks (OR = 4.08, p = 0.080). Combining MTAS and BALI components resulted in a greater OR (8.99, p = 0.007) and an improved predictive accuracy (75.9%, p = 0.002). Conclusion: Multiple structural changes have an additive effect on AD. The data support potential future roles of combining multiple coexisting structural changes to benefit AD diagnosis, progression monitoring, and/or treatment effect evaluation. Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes accuracy aged aging Alzheimer disease article brain atrophy controlled study correlation analysis disease predisposition female follow up human major clinical study male medial temporal lobe atrophy mild cognitive impairment nuclear magnetic resonance imaging predictive value priority journal prognosis Aged Aged, 80 and over Aging Alzheimer Disease Atrophy Brain Case-Control Studies Disease Progression Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Mild Cognitive Impairment Organ Size Predictive Value of Tests Prognosis Sensitivity and Specificity Temporal Lobe 2012 1420-8008 33 5 318 326 9 10.1159/000339364 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biodiagnostics (IBD-IBD) Institut du biodiagnostic du CNRC (IBD-IBD) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269313 8830aaa1-6987-4d05-aba0-3a285fdb45a0 S.E. Clark aut J. Snow aut J. Li aut IBS ISB T.A. Zola aut J.N. Weiser aut text article eng The human pathogen Haemophilus influenzae has the ability to quickly adapt to different host environments through phase variation of multiple structures on its lipooligosaccharide (LPS), including phosphorylcholine (ChoP). During colonization with H. influenzae, there is a selection for ChoP+ phase variants. In a murine model of nasopharyngeal colonization, this selection is lost in the absence of adaptive immunity. Based on previous data highlighting the importance of natural antibody in limiting H. influenzae colonization, the effect of ChoP expression on antibody binding and its bactericidal activity was investigated. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that ChoP+ phase variants had decreased binding of antibody to LPS epitopes compared to ChoP- phase variants. This difference in antibody binding correlated with increased survival of ChoP+ phase variants in the presence of antibody-dependent, complement-mediated killing. ChoP+ phase variants were also more resistant to trypsin digestion, suggesting a general effect on the physical properties of the outer membrane. Moreover, ChoP-mediated protection against antibody binding correlated with increased resilience of outer membrane integrity. Collectively, these data suggest that ChoP expression provides a selective advantage during colonization through ChoP-mediated effects on the accessibility of bactericidal antibody to the cell surface. © 2012 Clark et al. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes bacterium antibody lipopolysaccharide phosphorylcholine trypsin lipopolysaccharide adaptive immunity animal experiment antigen binding article bacterial colonization bactericidal activity cell surface controlled study flow cytometry Haemophilus influenzae mouse nasopharynx nonhuman outer membrane protein expression survival adaptive immunity animal antibody combining site Bagg albino mouse cell membrane host pathogen interaction human immune evasion immunology mouse mutant pathogenicity Haemophilus influenzae Murinae Adaptive Immunity Animals Binding Sites, Antibody Cell Membrane Haemophilus influenzae Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans Immune Evasion Lipopolysaccharides Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Mice, SCID Phosphorylcholine 2012 1553-7366 8 3 e1002521 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002521 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269315 b548c2de-8239-4c2d-a9f9-bca2b35eb461 S.A. Esfarjani aut S.B. Dworkin aut J. Mostaghimi aut K.S. Kim aut SDT TSR C.T. Kingston aut SDT TSR B. Simard aut SDT TSR G. Soucy aut 12th High-Tech Plasma Processes Conference, HTPP 2012, 24 June 2012 through 29 June 2012, Bologna text article eng 2D axisymmetric numerical calculations are conducted to model the thermo-fluid fields and chemical reactions leading to the formation of SWCNTs in an RF plasma system. A modified version of the SWCNT "reduced" chemical model is used to estimate the formation of SWCNT in an RF plasma system for the first time. The "reduced" model incorporates 14 species and 36 chemical reactions to predict the formation of metal and carbon clusters and SWCNTs. By combing the chemistry model into the RF plasma CFD code, the formation and development of carbon and metal catalyst clusters and their reactions which produce SWCNTs are shown. The chemistry model is shown to under-predict the yield rate of SWCNT. In order to better predict the yield rate, a sensitivity analysis is performed to modify the dominant reaction rates. The modified model predicts the yield of SWCNTs correctly within the range reported experimentally. However, more studies should be conducted to validate the accuracy of the model for different operating conditions. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Axisymmetric CFD codes Chemical model Chemistry models Different operating conditions Induction thermal plasma Metal catalyst Modified model Numerical calculation Radio frequencies RF plasma RF plasma systems Single-walled carbon Thermofluid fields Yield rates Carbon clusters Chemical reactions Computational fluid dynamics Computer simulation Forecasting Plasma devices Reaction rates Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCN) Wave plasma interactions Plasma theory 2012 1742-6588 406 1 12011 10.1088/1742-6596/406/1/012011 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies (SDT-TSR) Technologies de sécurité et de rupture (TSR-SDT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269318 fdabf989-abbc-4c0d-b38a-5219ac59fa98 D.R. Andersen aut HIA IHA K.J. Jackson aut C. Blain aut C. Bradley aut C. Correia aut HIA IHA M. Ito aut HIA IHA O. Lardière aut J.-P. Véran aut HIA IHA text article eng RAVEN will be a Multi-Object Adaptive Optics (MOAO) technology and science demonstrator on the Subaru telescope. The baseline design calls for three natural guide star (NGS) wavefront sensors (WFS) and two science pickoff arms that will patrol a ~2′ diameter field of regard (FOR). Sky coverage is an important consideration, because RAVEN is both a technical and science demonstrator. Early-stage simulation of RAVEN's performance is critical in establishing that the key science requirement can be met. That is, 30% of the energy of an unresolved pointspread function (PSF) be ensquared within a 140 mas slit using existing WFS camera and deformable mirror (DM) technology. The system was simulated with two independent modeling tools, MAOS and OOMAO, which were in excellent agreement. It was established that RAVEN will be an order 10 × 10 adaptive optics (AO) system by examining the tradeoffs between performance, sky coverage, and WFS field of view. The 30% ensquared-energy (EE) requirement will be met with three NGSs and will exceed 40% if the Subaru Laser Guide Star (LGS) is used onaxis (assuming median image quality). This is also true for NGSs as faint as m R = 14:5. © 2012. The Astronomical Society of the Pacific. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-6280 124 915 469 484 16 10.1086/665924 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269321 b4a77a6b-b115-429f-8f6e-ee45f267ec03 M. Fabrizio aut T. Merle aut F. Thévenin aut M. Nonino aut G. Bono aut P.B. Stetson aut HIA IHA I. Ferraro aut G. Iannicola aut M. Monelli aut A.R. Walker aut R. Buonanno aut F. Caputo aut C.E. Corsi aut M. Dall'Ora aut S. Degl'Innocenti aut P. François aut R. Gilmozzi aut M. Marconi aut A. Pietrinferni aut P.G. Prada Moroni aut F. Primas aut L. Pulone aut V. Ripepi aut M. Romaniello aut text article eng We have performed accurate iron abundance measurements for 44 red giants (RGs) in the Carina dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy. We used archival, high-resolution spectra (R ~ 38, 000) collected with UVES at ESO/VLT either in slit mode (five RGs) or in fiber mode (39 RGs, FLAMES/GIRAFFE-UVES). The sample is more than a factor of 4 larger than any previous spectroscopic investigation of stars in dSphs based on high-resolution (R ≥ 38000) spectra. We did not impose the ionization equilibrium between neutral and singly ionized iron lines. The effective temperatures and the surface gravities were estimated by fitting stellar isochrones in the V, B - V color-magnitude diagram. To measure the iron abundance of individual lines we applied the LTE spectrum-synthesis fitting method using MARCS model atmospheres of appropriate metallicity. For the 27 stars for which we measured both Fe I and Fe II abundances, we found evidence of NLTE effects between neutral and singly ionized iron abundances. The difference is ~0.1 dex, on average, but steadily increases when moving from the metal-rich to the metal-poor regime. Moreover, the two metallicity distributions differ at the 97% confidence level. Assuming that the Fe II abundances are minimally affected by NLTE effects, we corrected the Fe I stellar abundances using a linear fit between Fe I and Fe II stellar abundance determinations. We found that the Carina metallicity distribution based on the corrected Fe I abundances (44 RGs) has a weighted mean metallicity of [Fe/H] = -1.80 and a weighted standard deviation of σ = 0.24 dex. The Carina metallicity distribution based on the Fe II abundances (27 RGs) gives similar estimates ([Fe/H] = -1.72, σ = 0.24 dex). The current weighted mean metallicities are slightly more metal-poor when compared with similar estimates available in the literature. Furthermore, when we restricted our analysis to stars with the most accurate iron abundances, ~20 Fe I and at least three Fe II measurements (15 stars), we found that the range in iron abundances covered by Carina RGs (~1 dex) agreed quite well with similar estimates based on high-resolution spectra; however, it is a factor of 2-3 smaller than abundance estimates based on the near-infrared calcium triplet. This finding supports previous estimates based on photometric metallicity indicators. © 2012. The Astronomical Society of the Pacific. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-6280 124 916 519 534 16 10.1086/666480 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269310 65bfda45-0fab-4fa6-b5c6-7dcf820cb192 C. Skierbiszewski aut M. Siekacz aut H. Turski aut G. Muzioł aut M. Sawicka aut A. Feduniewicz-Zmuda aut J. Smalc-Koziorowska aut P. Perlin aut S. Grzanka aut Z.R. Wasilewski aut IMS ISM R. Kucharski aut S. Porowski aut text article eng This work demonstrates the first true blue laser diodes (LDs) grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy that operate at the region of 450-460 nm. The single quantum well LDs were grown on several types of c-plane bulk GaN substrates, with threading dislocation densities varying from 10 4 to 10 8cm -2. The key factors that allowed the authors to achieve lasing in true-blue wavelengths are improvements in the growth technology of the InGaN quantum wells attributed to the high nitrogen flux used and the design of the LD structure, which reduced the light losses in the cavity. The authors discuss the influence of the diodes' design on the parameters of LDs. © 2012 American Vacuum Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Blue laser diodes GaN substrate Growth technologies High-nitrogen InGaN laser diodes InGaN quantum wells Light loss Plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy RF plasma Single quantum well Threading dislocation densities Vacuum applications Gallium nitride 2012 1071-1023 30 2 02B102 10.1116/1.3665223 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269316 b7cbc727-caae-4321-ad01-288b02cccbdc P. Hibon aut N. Kashikawa aut C. Willott aut HIA IHA M. Iye aut T. Shibuya aut text article eng We report a search for z = 7 Lyα emitters (LAEs) using a custom-made narrowband filter centered at 9755 Å with the Suprime-Cam instrument installed at the Subaru telescope. We observed two different fields and obtained two samples of seven LAEs, of which four are robust in each field. We cover the luminosity range of 9.1042-2.1043 erg s-1 in comoving volumes of ∼4 × 105 and 4.3 × 105 Mpc3. From this result, we derived possible z ∼ 7 Lyα luminosity functions for the full samples and for a subsample of four objects in each field. We do not observe, in each case, any strong evolution between the z = 6.5 and z ∼ 7 Lyα luminosity functions. Spectroscopic confirmation for these candidate samples is required to establish a definitive measure of the luminosity function at z ∼ 7. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-637X 744 2 89 10.1088/0004-637X/744/2/89 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269317 16ae6428-e007-485b-9b1b-7f9260002a0e P.K. Kondadi aut M. Rossi aut B. Twelkmeyer aut M.J. Schur aut IBS ISB J. Li aut IBS ISB T. Schott aut L. Paulin aut P. Auvinen aut M.-L. Hänninen aut E.K.H. Schweda aut W. Wakarchuk aut IBS ISB text article eng Terminal sialic acid in the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of mucosal pathogens is an important virulence factor. Here we report the characterization of a Helicobacter sialyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of sialylated LPS in Helicobacter bizzozeronii, the only non-pylori gastric Helicobacter species isolated from humans thus far. Starting from the genome sequences of canine and human strains, we identified potential sialyltransferases downstream of three genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid. One of these candidates showed monofunctional α,2,3-sialyltransferase activity with a preference for N-acetyllactosamine as a substrate. The LPSs from different strains were shown by SDS-PAGE and high-performance anionexchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) to contain sialic acid after neuraminidase treatment. The expression of this sialyltransferase and sialyl-LPS appeared to be a phase-variable characteristic common to both human and canine H. bizzozeronii strains. The sialylation site of the LPSs of two H. bizzozeronii strains was determined to be NeuAc-Hex-HexNAc, suggesting terminal 3'-sialyl-LacNAc. Moreover, serological typing revealed the possible presence of sialyl-Lewis X in two additional strains, indicating that H. bizzozeronii could also mimic the surface glycans of mammalian cells. The expression of sialyl-glycans may influence the adaptation process of H. bizzozeronii during the host jump from dogs to humans. © 2012, American Society for Microbiology. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes alpha, 2,3 sialyltransferase bacterial enzyme bacterium lipopolysaccharide n acetylneuraminic acid sialic acid sialidase sialyl Lewis x antigen sialyltransferase unclassified drug anion exchange chromatography article bacterial genome bacterial strain bacterium isolate carbohydrate synthesis gene sequence Helicobacter Helicobacter bizzozeronii human nonhuman nucleotide sequence polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis priority journal protein expression sialylation Animals Antibodies, Bacterial Cholera Toxin Dogs Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial Genome, Bacterial Helicobacter Humans Lipopolysaccharides Molecular Sequence Data Multigene Family Phylogeny Recombinant Proteins Sialyltransferases Canis familiaris Helicobacter Helicobacter bizzozeronii Mammalia 2012 0021-9193 194 10 2540 2550 11 10.1128/JB.00126-12 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269319 94cbe54f-c12d-4664-8f68-dab3dd12bf51 M.Ö. Öteyaka aut P. Chevallier aut L. Robitaille aut IMI IMI G. Laroche aut text article eng Nowadays, poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) textiles, either knitted or woven, are largely used as substitutes for replacement of medium and large calibre (10-40 mm) arteries. Unfortunately, these substitutes do not perform well when they are used to replace small diameter arteries due to thrombogenicity and compliance mismatch issues. Surface treatments were often used as the first step to solve thrombogenicity issues. For example, low pressure ammonia plasma processes can provide modification of the top ≈ 10-50 Å of polymer surface without affecting bulk properties of materials. This work compared ammonia plasma surface modifications of PET film (flat surface) and PET scaffolds (porous surface). Plasma treatments lead to a higher amount of nitrogen as well as amino groups on scaffolds compared to films. N/C maximum was reached for PET film and scaffold after plasma treatments of 5 s and 100 s, respectively. Highest amine concentration on films and scaffolds were obtained at short treatment time, specifically 1 s. In addition, high resolution spectra of C 1s confirmed that amino groups were mainly grafted on aromatic rings. Nodule formation was observed after plasma treatment with atomic force microscopy. Their size and shape increased with longer treatment time. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Amino group Ammonia plasma Aromatic rings Bulk properties Flat surfaces High-resolution spectra Low pressure ammonia PET films Plasma treatment Polymer surfaces Porous surface Size and shape Thrombogenicity Treatment time Vascular grafts Ammonia Atomic force microscopy Ethylene Grafting (chemical) Grafts Materials properties Plasma applications Polyethylene terephthalates Scaffolds (biology) Surface treatment Weaving Nitrogen plasma 2012 0587-4246 121 1 125 127 3 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Industrial Materials Institute (IMI-IMI) Institut des matériaux industriels du CNRC (IMI-IMI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269322 4e054681-ecba-45cb-8d5b-89eef7d2abf8 A. Hill aut HIA IHA S. Cornelissen aut D. Dillon aut C. Lam aut D. Palmer aut L. Saddlemeyer aut HIA IHA Modern Technologies in Space- and Ground-Based Telescopes and Instrumentation II, 1 July 2012 through 6 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng Small deformable mirrors (DMs) produced using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) techniques have been used in thermally stable, bench-top laboratory environments. With advances in MEMS DM technology, a variety of field applications are becoming more common, such as the Gemini Planet Imager's (GPI) adaptive optics system. Instruments at the Gemini Observatory operate in conditions where fluctuating ambient temperature, varying gravity orientations and humidity and dust can have a significant effect on DM performance. As such, it is crucial that the mechanical design of the MEMS DM mount be tailored to the environment. GPI's approach has been to mount a 4096 actuator MEMS DM, developed by Boston Micromachines Corporation, using high performance optical mounting techniques rather than a typical laboratory set-up. Flexures are incorporated into the DM mount to reduce deformations on the optical surface due to thermal fluctuations. These flexures have also been sized to maintain alignment under varying gravity vector orientations. This paper is a follow-up to a previous paper which presented the preliminary design. The completed design of the opto-mechanical mounting scheme is discussed and results from finite element analysis are presented, including predicting the stability of the mirror surface in varying gravity vectors and thermal conditions. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Adaptive optics systems Deformable mirrors Field application Flexure mounts Flexures Gravity vectors Laboratory environment Laboratory set-up Mechanical design MEMS deformable mirror MEMS DM Micromachines Mirror surfaces Optical mountings Optical surfaces Opto-mechanical mount Opto-mechanical mounting Preliminary design Thermal condition Thermal fluctuations Thermally stable Adaptive optics Electromechanical devices Finite element method Laser pulses MEMS Optical telescopes Telescopes Mountings 2012 0277-786X 9780819491510 8450 84500H 10.1117/12.926842 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269320 043e643d-0826-4634-acbf-40ece425fd7a D. Tulpan aut IIT ITI P. Lecca aut F. Jordan aut 27th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, SAC 2012, 26 March 2012 through 30 March 2012, Trento text chapter eng yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 9781450308571 1347 1348 2 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Information Technology (IIT-ITI) Institut de technologie de l'information du CNRC (ITI-IIT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269290 e71c09d9-7521-464a-8a06-1a3bd220a798 M.G. Sowa aut IBD IBD J.R. Friesen aut IBD IBD M. Levasseur aut IBD IBD B. Schattk aut IBD IBD L. Sigurdson aut T. Hayakawa aut text article eng Skin flaps are complex procedures used extensively in reconstructive surgery that require post-operative monitoring to ensure that they do not fail. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopic imaging is a convenient, non-invasive method for surgeons to examine flaps during surgery and in the early post-operative period. Using a reverse McFarlane skin flap model, we show that model-free chemometric methods as well as simple modified Beer-Lambert analysis of the NIR images provide insights into the blood supply to flaps and demonstrate that the technique can detect and localise perfusion-related complications as well as give real-time feedback to the surgeon as they try to resolve the complication. We also show that using estimates of tissue haemoglobin oxygen saturation, imaging measurements made during surgery and in the early post-operative period are highly predictive of the outcome of the flap tissue with specificities and sensitivities exceeding 85%. © IM Publications LLP 2012. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0967-0335 20 5 601 615 15 10.1255/1007 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biodiagnostics (IBD-IBD) Institut du biodiagnostic du CNRC (IBD-IBD) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269291 0b14fc78-a1d7-456b-8232-4f30c9eaac63 L. Gilles aut C. Correia aut HIA IHA J.-P. Véran aut HIA IHA L. Wang aut B. Ellerbroek aut text article eng This paper discusses an innovative simulation model based approach for long exposure atmospheric point spread function (PSF) reconstruction in the context of laser guide star (LGS) multiconjugate adaptive optics (MCAO). The approach is inspired from the classical scheme developed by Véran et al. [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14, 3057 (1997)] and Flicker et al. [Astron. Astrophys. 400, 1199 (2003)] and reconstructs the long exposure optical transfer function (OTF), i.e., the Fourier transformed PSF, as a product of separate long-exposure tip/tilt removed and tip/tilt OTFs, each estimated by postprocessing system and simulation telemetry data. Sample enclosed energy results assessing reconstruction accuracy are presented for the Thirty Meter Telescope LGS MCAO system currently under design and show that percent level absolute and differential photometry over a 30 arcsec diameter field of view are achievable provided the simulation model faithfully represents the real system. © 2012 Optical Society of America. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Classical schemes Differential photometry Field of views Fourier Laser guide star Multiconjugate adaptive optics Point spread function reconstruction Post-processing system Real systems Reconstruction accuracy Simulation model Telemetry data Thirty Meter Telescope Adaptive optics Astrophysics Lasers Optical transfer function Stars Computer simulation 2012 0003-6935 51 31 7443 7458 16 10.1364/AO.51.007443 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269293 ed41cea3-db35-4d53-baa2-4c8f26f746b7 L.L. MacLean aut IBS ISB E. Vinogradov aut IBS ISB F. Pagotto aut M.B. Perry aut IBS ISB text article eng Cronobacter dublinensis (formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) HPB 3169 is a pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium that produces a smooth-type lipopolysaccharide in which the antigenic O-polysaccharide component was determined to be a repeating pentasaccharide unit composed of L-rhamnose; 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose; 3,6-dideoxy-3-(R)-3-hydroxybutyramido-Dglucose; and 3-deoxy-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid in the respective molar ratio 2:1:1:1. Chemical and 2D NMR analyses of the O-polysaccharide and a pentasaccharide derived by the mild acid hydrolysis of the ketosyl linkage of the Kdo (3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid) residue in the O-polysaccharide established that the O-antigen is a high molecular mass unbranched polymer of a repeating pentasaccharide unit and has the structure where Bu is a (R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl substituent. The O-antigen is structurally similar to that of the recently reported Cronobacter sakazakii strain G706 (designated as serotype O5), except that in strain G706 the D-Qui3N is in its N-acetyl form, in contrast to its presence as a 3-deoxy-3-(R)-3-hydroxybutyramido derivative in the C. sakazakii HPB 3169 strain O-antigen. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 3 deoxy manno octulosonic acid 3 hydroxybutyric acid 3,6 dideoxy 3 3 hydroxybutyramido dextro glucose bacterium lipopolysaccharide glucose derivative n acetylglucosamine O antigen pentasaccharide polymer rhamnose unclassified drug antigen bacterium nuclear magnetic resonance pathogen polymer polysaccharide antigen structure article bacterial growth bacterium isolation carbohydrate analysis Cronobacter dublinensis hydrolysis molecular weight nonhuman nuclear magnetic resonance peroxidation priority journal Acetylglucosamine Amino Acid Sequence Carbohydrate Sequence Cronobacter Glucose Hydrolysis Lipopolysaccharides Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy O Antigens Oligosaccharides Bacteria (microorganisms) Enterobacter sakazakii Negibacteria 2012 0008-4166 58 4 540 546 7 10.1139/W2012-022 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269295 592b7849-d4ca-444b-a261-f0b199aefac1 Z. Lei aut AERO AERO A. Mahallati aut AERO AERO M. Cunningham aut P. Germain aut text article eng This paper presents a detailed experimental investigation of the influence of core flow swirl on the mixing and performance of a scaled turbofan mixer with 12 scalloped lobes. Measurements were made downstream of the mixer in a coaxial wind tunnel. The core-to-bypass velocity ratio was set to 2:1, temperature ratio to 1.0, and pressure ratio to 1.03, giving a Reynolds number of 5.2×10 5, based on the core flow velocity and equivalent diameter. In the core flow, the background turbulence intensity was raised to 5 and the swirl angle was varied from 0 deg to 30 deg with five vane geometries. At low swirl angles, additional streamwise vortices were generated by the deformation of normal vortices due to the scalloped lobes. With increased core swirl, greater than 10 deg, the additional streamwise vortices were generated mainly due to radial velocity deflection, rather than stretching and deformation of normal vortices. At high swirl angles, stronger streamwise vortices and rapid interaction between various vortices promoted downstream mixing. Mixing was enhanced with minimal pressure and thrust losses for the inlet swirl angles less than 10 deg. However, the reversed flow downstream of the center body was a dominant contributor to the loss of thrust at the maximum core flow swirl angle of 30 deg. © 2012 American Society of Mechanical Engineers. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Core flow Equivalent diameter Experimental investigations Flow characteristic Inlet swirls Low swirl Normal vortices Pressure ratio Radial velocity Reversed flow Streamwise vortices Swirl angles Temperature ratio Thrust loss Turbulence intensity Vane geometry Velocity ratio Acoustic streaming Deformation Mixers (machinery) Mixing Reynolds number Vortex flow Bypass ratio 2012 0742-4795 134 11 111201 10.1115/1.4005968 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269296 064be747-e0cc-4a0f-afdd-64af83ddb768 C.-Y. Hsieh aut SDT TSR Y.-P. Shim aut SDT TSR M. Korkusinski aut SDT TSR P. Hawrylak aut SDT TSR text article eng We review the recent progress in theory and experiments with lateral triple quantum dots with controlled electron numbers down to one electron in each dot. The theory covers electronic and spin properties as a function of topology, number of electrons, gate voltage and external magnetic field. The orbital Hund's rules and Nagaoka ferromagnetism, magnetic frustration and chirality, interplay of quantum interference and electron-electron interactions and geometrical phases are described and related to charging and transport spectroscopy. Fabrication techniques and recent experiments are covered, as well as potential applications of triple quantum-dot molecule in coherent control, spin manipulation and quantum computation. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0034-4885 75 11 114501 10.1088/0034-4885/75/11/114501 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies (SDT-TSR) Technologies de sécurité et de rupture (TSR-SDT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269298 d13cad1f-e9cf-4dd4-b234-711062069085 D. Monin aut HIA IHA D. Bohlender aut HIA IHA T. Hardy aut HIA IHA L. Saddlemyer aut HIA IHA M. Fletcher aut HIA IHA text article eng A new, inexpensive polarimetric unit has been constructed for the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory (DAO) 1.8 m Plaskett telescope. It is implemented as a plug-in module for the telescope's existing Cassegrain spectrograph, and it enables medium-resolution (R≈10,000) circular spectropolarimetry of point sources. A dual-beam design, together with fast switching of the wave plate at rates up to 100 Hz and synchronized with charge shuffling on the CCD, is used to significantly reduce instrumental effects and achieve high-precision spectropolarimetric measurements for a very low cost. The instrument is optimized to work in the wavelength range of 4700-5300 Å to simultaneously detect polarization signals in the Hβ line, as well as nearby metallic lines. In this article we describe the technical details of the instrument, our observing strategy, and data reduction techniques, and we present tests of its scientific performance. © 2012. The Astronomical Society of the Pacific. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-6280 124 914 329 342 14 10.1086/665582 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269299 71758af4-d58a-4d21-a27f-dc0687067c3d P. Maurenbrecher aut IRC IRC text article eng This paper gives a summary of functional and performance requirements for repointing mortars for historic masonry (design, execution and maintenance). Successful performance of repair and conservation of mortar in historic masonry requires more care with design and execution than with modern masonry. © 2012 RILEM. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Historic masonry Masonry Performance requirements Repointing Conservation Repair Mortar 2012 1359-5997 45 9 1303 1309 7 10.1617/s11527-012-9849-7 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Research in Construction (IRC-IRC) Institut de recherche en construction du CNRC (IRC-IRC) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269300 d8a8f4f8-e019-46cd-a702-bd1724e08a14 L. Clime aut IMI IMI D. Brassard aut IMI IMI J.P. Pezacki aut SIMS ISSM T. Veres aut IMI IMI text article eng We present a numerical approach to the capillary rise dynamics in microfluidic channels of complex 3D geometries. In order to optimize the delivery of specific biological fluids to target regions in microfluidic capillary autonomous systems (CAS), we analyze self-priming of liquid water into a microfluidic device consisting of a microfluidic channel that feeds a rectangular microfluidic cavity trough an appropriately designed micro-chamber. The target performance criteria in our optimization are (1) fast and complete wetting of the cavity bottom while (2) minimizing the probability of trapping air bubble in the device. The numerical model is based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and a three-dimensional single-component multiple-phase (SCMP) scheme. By using a parallel implementation of this algorithm, we investigate the physical processes related to the invasion of the liquid-gas interfaces in rectangular cavities at different liquid-solid contact angle and shapes of the transition micro-chamber. The numerical results has successfully captured important qualitative and some key quantitative effects of the liquid-solid contact angle, the roughness of the cavity edges, the depth of the holes and shape of the micro-chambers. Moreover, we present and validate experimentally simple geometrical optimizations of the microfluidic device that ensure the complete filling the microfluidic cavity with liquid. Critical parameters related to the overall priming time of the device are presented as well. © 2011 Crown Copyright as represented by the National Research Council. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 3-D microfluidic Air bubbles Autonomous systems Biological fluids Capillary rise Complete wetting Complex 3D geometry Contact line dynamics Critical parameter Geometrical optimization Lattice Boltzmann method Liquid gas interface Liquid solids Liquid water Micro fluidic system Micro-chambers Micro-fluidic devices Microfluidic cavity Microfluidic channel Numerical approaches Numerical models Numerical results Parallel implementations Performance criterion Physical process Quantitative effects Rectangular cavity Self-priming Target regions Capillary flow Contact angle Dynamics Fluidic devices Liquids Numerical methods Optimization Phase interfaces Three dimensional Wetting Microfluidics 2012 1613-4982 12 1-Apr 371 382 12 10.1007/s10404-011-0881-7 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Industrial Materials Institute (IMI-IMI) Institut des matériaux industriels du CNRC (IMI-IMI) NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences (SIMS-ISSM) Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC (ISSM-SIMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269301 5bc506ac-d294-43f8-973d-b8c60af3a295 Hongyu Qiu Qiu, H. aut IBS ISB R KuoLee aut IBS ISB Greg Harris Harris, G aut IBS ISB N Van Rooijen aut Girish B Patel Patel, G.B aut IBS ISB Wangxue Chen Chen, W aut IBS ISB text article eng Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging bacterial pathogen that causes nosocomial pneumonia and other infections. Although it is recognized as an increasing threat to immunocompromised patients, the mechanism of host defense against A. baumannii infection remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the potential role of macrophages in host defense against A. baumannii infection using in vitro macrophage culture and the mouse model of intranasal (i.n.) infection. Large numbers of A. baumannii were taken up by alveolar macrophages in vivo as early as 4 h after i.n. inoculation. By 24 h, the infection induced significant recruitment and activation (enhanced expression of CD80, CD86 and MHC-II) of macrophages into bronchoalveolar spaces. In vitro cell culture studies showed that A. baumannii were phagocytosed by J774A.1 (J774) macrophage-like cells within 10 minutes of co-incubation, and this uptake was microfilament- and microtubule-dependent. Moreover, the viability of phagocytosed bacteria dropped significantly between 24 and 48 h after co-incubation. Infection of J774 cells by A. baumannii resulted in the production of large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and moderate amounts of nitric oxide (NO). Prior treatment of J774 cells with NO inhibitors significantly suppressed their bactericidal efficacy (P<0.05). Most importantly, in vivo depletion of alveolar macrophages significantly enhanced the susceptibility of mice to i.n. A. baumannii challenge (P<0.01). These results indicate that macrophages may play an important role in early host defense against A. baumannii infection through the efficient phagocytosis and killing of A. baumannii to limit initial pathogen replication and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines for the rapid recruitment of other innate immune cells such as neutrophils. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Macrophages; Bacterial pathogens; Respiratory infections; Neutrophils; Alveolar macrophages; Cytokines; Nitric oxide; Phagocytosis 2012 1932-6203 7 6 e40019 10.1371/journal.pone.0040019 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269303 be1fa83f-c9a8-4aa8-822e-0e2026c491be E. Altman aut IBS ISB V. Chandan aut IBS ISB B.A. Harrison aut IBS ISB E.G. Panayotopoulou aut E. Roma-Giannikou aut J. Li aut IBS ISB D.N. Sgouras aut text article eng Helicobacter pylori infection is often acquired in childhood and can persist for life. Previous studies in adult patients have shown that H. pylori isolates from North American and European hosts express predominantly type 2 Lewis x (Le x) and Le y epitopes, while Asian strains have the capacity to express type 1 Le a and Le b structures. In order to understand the influence of environmental and host factors on the expression of Le antigens, we analysed 50 Greek H. pylori isolates from symptomatic children. Both CagA-positive and-negative strains were evaluated. The expression of Le antigens was determined by whole-cell indirect ELISA (WCE), and LPS profiles were assessed by gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Occurrence of Le x and/or Ley antigens was confirmed in 35 of the isolates (70 %) while 15 of the isolates were non-typable. It was found that 11 of the paediatric isolates had the propensity to express type 1 Le b blood-group antigen (22 %), a feature relatively uncommon in H. pylori isolates from adults. One strain expressed both Le b and Le a antigens. The majority of the isolates (49/50, 98 %) expressed α1,6-glucan, an antigenic non-Le determinant present in the outer core region of H. pylori LPS. All Le x-and Leyexpressing strains also carried a functional cag pathogenicity island-encoding a type IV secretion system, capable of translocating CagA protein, as well as the vacAs1 allele, suggesting that Le x and Ley epitopes may aid the persistence of more aggressive strains. No association between bacterial virulence characteristics and the histopathological observations was evident. © 2012 National Research Council of Canada. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes alpha1,6 glucan antigen CagA protein epitope glucan unclassified drug adolescent article bacterial strain bacterium isolate child enzyme linked immunosorbent assay gel electrophoresis Greece Helicobacter infection Helicobacter pylori human human tissue immunoblotting nonhuman pathogenicity pediatrics preschool child priority journal school child Adolescent Antigens, Bacterial Bacterial Proteins Child Child, Preschool Gastric Mucosa Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial Glucans Greece Helicobacter Infections Helicobacter pylori Humans Lewis Blood-Group System 2012 0022-2615 61 4 559 566 8 10.1099/jmm.0.038729-0 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269304 f2cf38b0-cf70-4dd1-a788-a78e04a9efa9 L. Lin aut M. Dickinson aut H.-Y. Jian aut A.I. Merson aut C.M. Baugh aut D. Scott aut S. Foucaud aut W.-H. Wang aut C.-H. Yan aut H.-J. Yan aut Y.-W. Cheng aut Y. Guo aut J. Helly aut F. Kirsten aut D.C. Koo aut C.D.P. Lagos aut N. Meger aut H. Messias aut A. Pope aut L. Simard aut HIA IHA N.A. Grogin aut S.-Y. Wang aut text article eng Using a sample of BzK-selected galaxies at z ∼ 2 identified from the CFHT/WIRCAM near-infrared survey of GOODS-North, we discuss the relation between star formation rate (SFR), specific star formation rate (SSFR), and stellar mass (M *), and the clustering of galaxies as a function of these parameters. For star-forming galaxies (sBzKs), the UV-based SFR, corrected for extinction, scales with the stellar mass as SFRM α * with α = 0.74 ± 0.20 down to M * 10 9 M ⊙, indicating a weak dependence on the stellar mass of the SFR efficiency, namely, SSFR. We also measure the angular correlation function and hence infer the correlation length for sBzK galaxies as a function of M *, SFR, and SSFR, as well as K-band apparent magnitude. We show that passive galaxies (pBzKs) are more strongly clustered than sBzK galaxies at a given stellar mass, mirroring the color-density relation seen at lower redshifts. We also find that the correlation length of sBzK galaxies ranges from 4 to 20h -1Mpc, being a strong function of M K , M *, and SFR. On the other hand, the clustering dependence on SSFR changes abruptly at 2 × 10 -9yr -1, which is the typical value for "main-sequence" star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2. We show that the correlation length reaches a minimum at this characteristic value, and is larger for galaxies with both smaller and larger SSFRs; a dichotomy that is only marginally implied from the predictions of the semi-analytical models. Our results suggest that there are two types of environmental effects at work at z ∼ 2. Stronger clustering for relatively quiescent galaxies implies that the environment has started to play a role in quenching star formation. At the same time, stronger clustering for galaxies with elevated SSFRs (" starbursts") might be attributed to an increased efficiency for galaxy interactions and mergers in dense environments. © © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-637X 756 1 71 10.1088/0004-637X/756/1/71 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269305 e9bf2e6f-31c9-46b2-933d-8aff1d88f676 F.C. Fekel aut M.J. Cordero aut R. Galicher aut HIA IHA B. Zuckerman aut C. Melis aut A.J. Weinberger aut text article eng We have obtained near-infrared adaptive optics imaging and collected additional radial velocity observations to search for a third component in the extremely dusty short-period binary system BD +20°307. Our image shows no evidence for a third component at separations greater than 19AU. Our four seasons of radial velocities have a constant center-of-mass velocity and are consistent with the systemic velocities determined at two earlier epochs. Thus, the radial velocities also provide no support for a third component. Unfortunately, the separation domains covered by our imaging and radial velocity results do not overlap. Thus, we examined the parameters for possible orbits of a third component that could have been missed by our current observations. With our velocities we determined improved circular orbital elements for the 3.4 day double-lined binary. We also performed a spectroscopic abundance analysis of the short-period binary components and conclude that the stars are a mid- and a late-F dwarf. We find that the iron abundances of both components, [Fe/H] = 0.15, are somewhat greater than the solar value and comparable to that of stars in the Hyades. Despite the similarity of the binary components, the lithium abundances of the two stars are very unequal. The primary has log ε (Li) = 2.72, while in the secondary log ε (Li)≤1.46, which corresponds to a difference of at least a factor of 18. The very disparate lithium abundances in very similar stars make it impossible to ascribe a single age to them. While the system is likely at least 1Gyr old, it may well be as old as the Sun. © 2012 The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-637X 749 1 7 10.1088/0004-637X/749/1/7 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269308 3c8ec963-db4c-4486-8834-883e454ba0bd F. Cai aut X. Huang aut Q. Yang aut AERO AERO D. Nagy aut text article eng This study investigates the effects of the deposition process and coating composition on microstructural and tribological properties of TiN-and CrN-based coating systems. Coatings were produced using various PVD-based processes-electron beam (EB), cathodic arc (CA), and plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering (PEMS). All coated samples were evaluated for their composition, microstructure, and surface morphology. Coating mechanical properties such as hardness, Young's modulus, and coefficient of friction were also studied and related to their microstructures, wear, and erosion resistances. It was found that hardness (H), Young's modulus (E), and coefficient of friction had impact on both wear and erosion rates. In particular, the H 3/E 2 ratio was inversely proportional to the specific wear rate. For erosion behavior, higher H 3/E 2 ratios relate to lower erosion rates at low impingement angles, whereas higher H 3/E 2 ratios relate to higher erosion rates at high impingement angles. © 2012 American Society of Mechanical Engineers. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Cathodic arc Coated sample Coating compositions Coefficient of frictions CrN-based coatings Deposition process Erosion behavior Erosion rates Erosion resistance Impingement angle Micro-structural Physical vapor deposition coatings Plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering Tribological behaviors Tribological properties Wear rates Young's Modulus Amorphous films Chromium Elastic moduli Electron beams Friction Hardness Microstructure Protective coatings Titanium nitride Tribology Erosion 2012 0742-4795 134 11 112504 10.1115/1.4007168 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269309 74bde919-179b-4de6-8111-22f0f0b073a3 C.E. Dumitrescu aut ICPET ITPCE W.S. Neill aut ICPET ITPCE H. Guo aut ICPET ITPCE W.L. Chippior aut ICPET ITPCE ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference, ICES 2012, 6 May 2012 through 9 May 2012, Torino, Piemonte text article eng Dilution of partially-premixed combustion (PPC) using different combinations of excess air (λ>1) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) was investigated in a single-cylinder, heavy-duty diesel engine equipped with common-rail fuel injection. The experiments were limited to a single fuel injection event using ultra-low sulphur diesel fuel at a low engine load (∼3 bar BMEP) and engine speeds of 900 and 1350 rpm. The start of injection was varied to optimize the combustion performance and emissions. The experimental results show that increasing air dilution at constant EGR reduced BSFC slightly. CO and HC emissions decreased significantly due to the increased oxygen concentration, but NOx and soot emissions increased. For a given level of charge dilution, there was an optimal EGR rate to minimize BSFC. NOx emissions decreased significantly as the proportion of dilution by EGR was increased, but CO and HC emissions increased due to the reduced in-cylinder temperature and oxygen concentration, which increased the combustion duration. Copyright © 2012 by Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Charge dilution Combustion duration Combustion performance Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) Heavy-duty diesel engine Oxygen concentrations Partially-premixed Start of injections Combustion Diesel engines Diesel fuels Fuel injection Optimization Oxygen Sulfur Dilution 2012 1529-6598 9780791844663 405 414 10 10.1115/ICES2012-81236 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Chemical Process and Environmental Technology (ICPET-ITPCE) Institut de technologie des procédés chimiques et de l'environnement du CNRC (ITPCE-ICPET) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269289 33261800-bbd7-4809-ad13-03dc24ae801b M. Monelli aut S. Cassisi aut M. Mapelli aut E.J. Bernard aut A. Aparicio aut E.D. Skillman aut P.B. Stetson aut HIA IHA C. Gallart aut S.L. Hidalgo aut L. Mayer aut E. Tolstoy aut text article eng We present the first investigation of the Blue Straggler star (BSS) population in two isolated dwarf spheroidal galaxies of the Local Group, Cetus and Tucana. Deep Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys photometry allowed us to identify samples of 940 and 1214 candidates, respectively. The analysis of the star formation histories of the two galaxies suggests that both host a population of BSSs. Specifically, if the BSS candidates are interpreted as young main sequence stars, they do not conform to their galaxy's age-metallicity relationship. The analysis of the luminosity function and the radial distributions supports this conclusion, and suggests a non-collisional mechanism for the BSS formation, from the evolution of primordial binaries. This scenario is also supported by the results of new dynamical simulations presented here. Both galaxies coincide with the relationship between the BSS frequency and the absolute visual magnitude MV found by Momany etal. If this relationship is confirmed by larger sample, then it could be a valuable tool to discriminate between the presence of BSSs and galaxies hosting truly young populations. © 2012 The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-637X 744 2 157 10.1088/0004-637X/744/2/157 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269292 8545ae5f-5465-42c9-a73d-ea0355999612 A. Raichoor aut S. Mei aut S.A. Stanford aut B.P. Holden aut F. Nakata aut P. Rosati aut F. Shankar aut M. Tanaka aut H. Ford aut M. Huertas-Company aut G. Illingworth aut T. Kodama aut M. Postman aut A. Rettura aut J.P. Blakeslee aut HIA IHA R. Demarco aut M.J. Jee aut R.L. White aut text article eng We present the Kormendy and mass-size relations (MSR) for early-type galaxies (ETGs) as a function of environment at z ∼ 1.3. Our sample includes 76 visually classified ETGs with masses 10 10 < M/M Ȯ < 10 11.5, selected in the Lynx supercluster and in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey/Chandra Deep Field South field; 31 ETGs in clusters, 18 in groups, and 27 in the field, all with multi-wavelength photometry and Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys observations. The Kormendy relation, in place at z 1.3, does not depend on the environment. The MSR reveals that ETGs overall appear to be more compact in denser environments: cluster ETGs have sizes on average around 30%-50% smaller than those of the local universe and a distribution with a smaller scatter, whereas field ETGs show an MSR with a similar distribution to the local one. Our results imply that (1) the MSR in the field did not evolve overall from z ∼ 1.3 to present; this is interesting and in contrast to the trend found at higher masses from previous works; (2) in denser environments, either ETGs have increased in size by 30%-50% on average and spread their distributions, or more ETGs have been formed within the dense environment from non-ETG progenitors, or larger galaxies have been accreted to a pristine compact population to reproduce the MSR observed in the local universe. Our results are driven by galaxies with masses M ≲ 2 × 10 11 M Ȯ and those with masses M ∼ 10 11 M Ȯ follow the same trends as that of the entire sample. Following the Valentinuzzi et al. definition of superdense ETGs, ∼ 35%-45% of our cluster sample is made up of superdense ETGs. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-637X 745 2 130 10.1088/0004-637X/745/2/130 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269302 a8b3514d-4948-4428-bbcf-83997118c053 E. Drabek aut J. Hatchell aut P. Friberg aut J. Richer aut S. Graves aut J.V. Buckle aut D. Nutter aut D. Johnstone aut HIA IHA J. Di Francesco aut HIA IHA text article eng Observations of the dust emission using millimetre/submillimetre bolometer arrays can be contaminated by molecular line flux, such as flux from 12CO. As the brightest molecular line in the submillimetre, it is important to quantify the contribution of CO flux to the dust continuum bands. Conversion factors were used to convert molecular line integrated intensities to flux detected by bolometer arrays in mJybeam -1. These factors were calculated for 12CO line integrated intensities to the SCUBA-2 850 and 450μm bands. The conversion factors were then applied to HARP 12CO 3-2 maps of NGC 1333 in the Perseus complex and NGC 2071 and NGC 2024 in the Orion B molecular cloud complex to quantify the respective 12CO flux contribution to the 850μm dust continuum emission. Sources with high molecular line contamination were analysed in further detail for molecular outflows and heating by nearby stars to determine the cause of the 12CO contribution. The majority of sources had a 12CO 3-2 flux contribution under 20per cent. However, in regions of molecular outflows, the 12CO can dominate the source dust continuum (up to 79per cent contamination) with 12CO fluxes reaching ∼68mJybeam -1. © 2012 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2012 RAS. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0035-8711 426 1 23 39 17 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21140.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269306 84b8e239-e6ed-4c3c-a8e0-bae2591508c9 A.M.R. Ferrie aut PBI IBP text article eng Haploidy/doubled haploidy methodology is commonly used in many agronomically important crops to speed the development of new cultivars. There are a number of advantages in using haploidy technology in both practical application (varietal development, mutagenesis, transformation) and basic research (genomics, biochemical, and physiological studies). Haploid plants are commonly produced using one of four methods: culture of anthers or microspores (androgenesis), culture of unfertilized ovules (gynogenesis), interspecific or intergeneric crosses followed by chromosome elimination, and by pollination with irradiated pollen. The most efficient method depends on the species. In many species, the culture of isolated microspores or anthers is the most frequently used method of haploid production. With this method, every microspore is potentially capable of regenerating into a viable embryo and each plant would therefore represent the variation which exists in the population of microspores. Plant regeneration occurs either by direct embryogenesis or through callus formation followed by embryogenesis or organogenesis. There are a number of factors influencing embryogenesis from anther/microspores or ovaries/ovules including genotype, donor plant growth conditions, stage of explant development, composition of the culture medium, and environmental conditions during culture. The frequency of embryo production will depend on whether or not these conditions are optimal and varies depending on the species. Compared to some agronomic species, there has been very little work on doubled haploidy in ornamental species despite the potential benefits. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0567-7572 9789066054172 953 167 172 6 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Plant Biotechnology Institute (PBI-IBP) Institut de biotechnologie des plantes du CNRC (IBP-PBI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269307 36a0c188-7743-4d85-a163-46b21fe2c8d6 Y. Mao aut IMS ISM S. Chang aut IMS ISM C. Flueraru aut IMS ISM E. Murdock aut IMS ISM 22nd International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, 15 October 2012 through 19 October 2012, Beijing text article eng A simultaneous 1310/1550 swept-source optical coherence tomography system is implemented by combining a novel dual-band swept laser source and an integrated common-path GRIN lensed fiber interferometer/probe. Highspeed synchronized dual-wavelength tuning is performed by using two laser cavities with a single dual-window polygonal. Simultaneous in vivo OCT imaging at 1310 and 1550 nm is demonstrated. This dual-band technique bring together common-path fiber probe potentially allows instantaneous in situ functional OCT imaging with high quality spectroscopic contrast and stable phase measurements. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Common-path interferometers Dual-window polygonal Fiber probe Grin fibers Spectroscopic contrast Swept source Swept source optical coherence tomographies Fibers Probes Optical tomography 2012 0277-786X 9780819491039 8421 84215O 10.1117/12.974738 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269294 282cca95-2619-4b9f-92c5-db602597076c M. Martinez aut AERO AERO B. Rocha aut AERO AERO M. Li aut AERO AERO G. Shi aut AERO AERO A. Beltempo aut AERO AERO R. Rutledge aut AERO AERO M. Yanishevsky aut AERO AERO text article eng The National Research Council Canada (NRC) has worked on the development of structural health monitoring (SHM) test platforms for assessing the performance of sensor systems for load monitoring applications. The first SHM platform consists of a 5.5m cantilever aluminum beam that provides an optimal scenario for evaluating the ability of a load monitoring system to measure bending, torsion and shear loads. The second SHM platform contains an added level of structural complexity, by consisting of aluminum skins with bonded/riveted stringers, typical of an aircraft lower wing structure. These two load monitoring platforms are well characterized and documented, providing loading conditions similar to those encountered during service. In this study, a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) for acquiring data from triads of gyroscopes, accelerometers and magnetometers is described. The system was used to compute changes in angles at discrete stations along the platforms. The angles obtained from the MEMS were used to compute a second, third or fourth order degree polynomial surface from which displacements at every point could be computed. The use of a new Kalman filter was evaluated for angle estimation, from which displacements in the structure were computed. The outputs of the newly developed algorithms were then compared to the displacements obtained from the linear variable displacement transducers connected to the platforms. The displacement curves were subsequently post-processed either analytically, or with the help of a finite element model of the structure, to estimate strains and loads. The estimated strains were compared with baseline strain gauge instrumentation installed on the platforms. This new approach for load monitoring was able to provide accurate estimates of applied strains and shear loads. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Aerospace structure Aluminum beams Aluminum skin Angle estimation Applied strain Displacement curve Finite element models Fourth order Linear variable displacement transducers Load monitoring Load monitoring systems Loading condition Micro electro mechanical system National Research Council Polynomial surface Quasi-static loading Sensor systems Shear loads Structural complexity Test platforms Wing structures Aluminum Estimation Finite element method MEMS Stringers Transducers Loading 2012 0964-1726 21 11 115001 10.1088/0964-1726/21/11/115001 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269282 2ca87f7a-9b36-4d4d-a465-accf703a652b A.H. Parker aut J.J. Kavelaars aut HIA IHA text article eng The widely separated, near-equal mass binaries hosted by the cold classical Kuiper Belt are delicately bound and subject to disruption by many perturbing processes. We use analytical arguments and numerical simulations to determine their collisional lifetimes given various impactor size distributions and include the effects of mass loss and multiple impacts over the lifetime of each system. These collisional lifetimes constrain the population of small (R ≳ 1km) objects currently residing in the Kuiper Belt and confirm that the size distribution slope at small size cannot be excessively steep - likely q ≲ 3.5. We track mutual semimajor axis, inclination, and eccentricity evolution through our simulations and show that it is unlikely that the wide binary population represents an evolved tail of the primordially tight binary population. We find that if the wide binaries are a collisionally eroded population, their primordial mutual orbit planes must have preferred to lie in the plane of the solar system. Finally, we find that current limits on the size distribution at small radii remain high enough that the prospect of detecting dust-producing collisions in real time in the Kuiper Belt with future optical surveys is feasible. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-637X 744 2 139 10.1088/0004-637X/744/2/139 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269285 c417ddb2-769d-4bb9-bc6f-2cc63f3493ce F. Coghe aut W. Tirry aut J. Peirs aut P. Verleysen aut Elvi Dalgaard Dalgaard, E. aut AERO AERO Priti Wanjara Wanjara, P. aut AERO AERO L. Rabet aut P. Van Houtte aut 7th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials, THERMEC'2011, 1 August 2011 through 5 August 2011, Quebec City, QC text article eng Quasi-static tensile tests and high strain rate split Hopkinson bar tensile experiments were used to mechanically characterize a commercially available Ti6Al4V alloy. The material was tested along different directions as to assess the influence of the initial crystallographic texture on the mechanical behaviour. In order to circumvent the problem of the limited thickness of the base material, special usage was made of the Linear Friction Welding technique. The results of the experiments were afterwards compared to the numerical results of a crystal plasticity code based on the viscoplastic self-consistent approach, taking into account twinning as an active deformation mode. © 2012 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Active deformation Base material Crystal plasticity Crystallographic textures High strain rates Linear friction welding Mechanical behaviour Numerical results Quasi-static Quasi-static tensile test SHPB Split Hopkinson bar Tensile behaviour Ti-6al-4v Ti-6Al-4V alloy Visco-plastic self-consistent VPSC Bars (metal) Strain rate Tensile testing Textures Titanium Twinning Experiments Experiments Twinning 2012 0255-5476 9783037853030 706-709 723 728 6 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.706-709.723 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269287 c5e7ddff-fdd8-44bb-a597-dfb029e918c1 Stefanie Wuhrer aut Chang Shu aut ICT TIC 2012 9th Conference on Computer and Robot Vision, CRV 2012, May 28-30, 2012, Toronto, ON, Canada text article eng This paper introduces an approach to predict the three-dimensional shape of an object belonging to a specific class of shapes shown in an input image. We use suggestive contour, a shape-suggesting image feature developed in computer graphics in the context of non-photorealistic rendering, to reconstruct 3D shapes. We learn a functional mapping from the shape space of suggestive contours to the space of 3D shapes and use this mapping to predict 3D shapes based on a single input image. We demonstrate that the method can be used to predict the shape of deformable objects and to predict the shape of human faces using synthetic experiments and experiments based on artist drawn sketches and photographs. yes yes Deformable object Functional mapping Non-Photorealistic Rendering Shape inference statistical priors suggestive contours Synthetic experiments Three-dimensional shape Computer graphics Drawing (graphics) Experiments Forecasting Photography Computer vision 2012 IEEE 9780769546834 978-1-4673-1271-4 6233147 236 243 8 10.1109/CRV.2012.38 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269268 f392a5eb-7160-4b97-bf61-ca940afe30a4 J.M. Makar aut IRC IRC J.J. Beaudoin aut IRC IRC K. Trischuk aut IRC IRC G.W. Chan aut IRC IRC F. Torres aut IRC IRC text article eng The effect of calcium carbonate nanoparticles (nCaCO 3) on the hydration of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) blended with metakaolin was studied through comparison with OPC, OPC plus metakaolin and OPC plus nCaCO 3 control samples. Isothermal conduction calorimetry measurements showed that the hydration of the ternary OPC-metakaolin-nCaCO 3 blend had pronounced early secondary phase hydration activity compared to the controls. X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis identified the phases as calcium aluminosulfates, with both ettringite and monosulfate forming more quickly in the ternary blend than in the other samples. The presence of the nCaCO 3 also enhanced the formation of C 3A. CaCO 3. 12H 2O in both blends that contained it. The presence of the secondary phases or the nCaCO 3 itself was associated with a significant reduction in strength in the ternary blend as compared to the OPC-metakaolin binary blend. The results suggest that caution is needed in the development of concrete with nanoparticle additions in order to avoid detrimental combinations of nanoparticles, OPC and supplementary cementing materials. © 2012 Thomas Telford Ltd. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Binary blends Control samples Ettringites Hydration activity Isothermal conduction calorimetries Metakaolins Nanoparticle addition Ordinary Portland cement Secondary phase Secondary phasis Supplementary cementing materials Ternary blends Calcium carbonate Nanoparticles Portland cement Thermogravimetric analysis X ray diffraction Hydration 2012 0951-7197 24 4 211 219 9 10.1680/adcr.11.00010 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Research in Construction (IRC-IRC) Institut de recherche en construction du CNRC (IRC-IRC) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269269 5f7b9a6d-ff52-4f5b-8c60-6c68c7b877c3 F.C. Stark aut K. Gurnani aut IBS ISB S. Sad aut IBS ISB L. Krishnan aut IBS ISB text article eng Central memory CD8 + T cells expressing the adhesion molecule CD62L (L-selectin) are potent mediators of anti-cancer immunity due to their ability to proliferate extensively upon antigen re-stimulation. The interaction of selectin with its ligands mediates leukocyte rolling along high endothelial venules. Mice deficient in α(1,3) Fucosyltransferase IV and VII (FtDKO) lack functional L, P and E selectin ligands. Thus, we addressed whether the lack of selectin ligand interactions alters tumor protection by CD8 + T cells in FtDKO mice. Listeria monocytogenes-OVA (LM-OVA) infection evoked potent OVA-specific CD8 + T cells that proliferated and contracted at similar kinetics and phenotype in FtDKO and wild-type mice. Additionally, OVA-specific CD8 + T cells in both mouse strains exhibited similar phenotypic differentiation, in vivo cytolytic activity and IFN-γ expression. However, FtDKO mice succumbed to B16-OVA tumors significantly earlier than wild-type mice. In contrast, FtDKO mice evoked strong recall memory CD8 + T cell responses and protection to systemic LM-OVA re-challenge. The diminished tumor protection in FtDKO mice was not related to defective antigen presentation by dendritic cells or reduced proliferation of antigen-specific CD8 + T cells. However, WT or FtDKO OVA-specific CD8 + T cells showed significantly reduced ability to traffic to lymph nodes upon adoptive transfer into naïve FtDKO recipients. Furthermore, FtDKO OVA-specific CD8 + T cells displayed poor ability to infiltrate tumors growing in WT mice. These results reveal that selectin ligand expression on host endothelium as well CD8 + T cells may be important for their efficient and continued extravasation into peripheral tumors. © 2012 Stark et al. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes bacterial vaccine gamma interferon selectin tumor antigen fucosyltransferase ligand ovalbumin selectin animal cell animal experiment animal model article cancer prevention CD8+ T lymphocyte cell infiltration cell migration cell proliferation cellular immunity controlled study dendritic cell in vivo study Listeria monocytogenes lymphocyte function mouse nonhuman phenotype protein determination protein expression protein function protein localization protein protein interaction tumor growth tumor immunity tumor xenograft wild type animal antigen presentation immunology mouse mutant neoplasm Animals Antigen Presentation CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Fucosyltransferases Ligands Mice Mice, Knockout Neoplasms Ovalbumin Selectins 2012 1932-6203 7 2 e32211 10.1371/journal.pone.0032211 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269270 0a3dfeaa-b4d3-4bde-bf82-e7a66eed9050 J. Cho aut R.M. Sharples aut J.P. Blakeslee aut HIA IHA S.E. Zepf aut A. Kundu aut H.-S. Kim aut S.-J. Yoon aut text article eng Deep images of 10 early-type galaxies in low-density environments have been obtained with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope. The global properties of the globular cluster (GC) systems of the galaxies have been derived in order to investigate the role of the environment in galaxy formation and evolution. Using the ACS Virgo Cluster Survey as a high-density counterpart, the similarities and differences between the GC properties in high- and low-density environments are presented. We find a strong correlation of the GC mean colours and the degree of colour bimodality with the host galaxy luminosity in low-density environments, in good agreement with high-density environments. In contrast, the GC mean colours at a given host luminosity are somewhat bluer [Δ(g-z) ∼ 0.05] than those for cluster galaxies, indicating more metal poor (Δ[Fe/H] ∼ 0.10 - 0.15) and/or younger (Δage > 2 Gyr) GC systems than those in dense environments. Furthermore, with decreasing host luminosity, the colour bimodality disappears faster, when compared to galaxies in cluster environments. Our results suggest that: (1) in both high- and low-density environments, the mass of the host galaxy has the dominant effect on GC system properties; (2) the local environment has only a secondary effect on the history of GC system formation; and (3) GC formation must be governed by common physical processes across a range of environments. © 2012 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2012 RAS. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0035-8711 422 4 3591 3610 20 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20873.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269271 0a9da23b-0488-4e10-9967-e3dab29b0736 A.P. Milone aut G. Piotto aut L.R. Bedin aut I.R. King aut J. Anderson aut A.F. Marino aut A. Bellini aut R. Gratton aut A. Renzini aut P.B. Stetson aut HIA IHA S. Cassisi aut A. Aparicio aut A. Bragaglia aut E. Carretta aut F. D'Antona aut M. Di Criscienzo aut S. Lucatello aut M. Monelli aut A. Pietrinferni aut text article eng We use Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and ground-based imaging to study the multiple populations of 47 Tucanae (47 Tuc), combining high-precision photometry with calculations of synthetic spectra. Using filters covering a wide range of wavelengths, our HST photometry splits the main sequence into two branches, and we find that this duality is repeated in the subgiant and red giant regions, and on the horizontal branch. We calculate theoretical stellar atmospheres for main-sequence stars, assuming different chemical composition mixtures, and we compare their predicted colors through the HST filters with our observed colors. We find that we can match the complex of observed colors with a pair of populations, one with primeval abundance and another with enhanced nitrogen and a small helium enhancement, but with depleted C and O. We confirm that models of red giant and red horizontal branch stars with that pair of compositions also give colors that fit our observations. We suggest that the different strengths of molecular bands of OH, CN, CH, and NH, falling in different photometric bands, are responsible for the color splits of the two populations. Near the cluster center, in each portion of the color-magnitude diagram the population with primeval abundances makes up only ∼20% of the stars, a fraction that increases outward, approaching equality in the outskirts of the cluster, with a fraction ∼30% averaged over the whole cluster. Thus the second, He/N-enriched population is more concentrated and contributes the majority of the present-day stellar content of the cluster. We present evidence that the color-magnitude diagram of 47 Tuc consists of intertwined sequences of the two populations, whose separate identities can be followed continuously from the main sequence up to the red giant branch, and thence to the horizontal branch. A third population is visible only in the subgiant branch, where it includes ∼8% of the stars. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-637X 744 1 58 10.1088/0004-637X/744/1/58 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269272 a59821b0-ba0a-4909-8c80-f3450e45f724 H. Aghayan aut E. Bordatchev aut AUTO AUTO J. Yang aut text article eng The performance, efficiency and lifetime of modern combustion engines significantly depend on the quality of the engine lubricants. However, contaminants, such as gasoline, moisture, coolant and wear particles, reduce the life of engine mechanical components and lubricant quality. Therefore, direct and indirect measurements of engine lubricant properties, such as physical-mechanical, electro-magnetic, chemical and optical properties, are intensively utilized in engine condition monitoring systems and sensors developed within the last decade. Such sensors for the measurement of engine lubricant properties can be used to detect a functional limit of the in-use lubricant, increase drain interval and reduce the environmental impact. This paper proposes two new methodologies for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the presence of contaminants in the engine lubricants. The methodologies are based on optical analysis of the distortion effect when an object image is obtained through a thin random optical medium (e.g. engine lubricant). The novelty of the proposed methodologies is in the introduction of an object with a known periodic shape behind a thin film of the contaminated lubricant. In this case, an acquired image represents a combined lubricant-object optical appearance, where an a priori known periodic structure of the object is distorted by a contaminated lubricant. In the object shape-based optical analysis, several parameters of an acquired optical image, such as the gray scale intensity of lubricant and object, shape width at object and lubricant levels, object relative intensity and width non-uniformity coefficient are newly proposed. Variations in the contaminant concentration and use of different contaminants lead to the changes of these parameters measured on-line. In the statistical optical analysis methodology, statistical auto- and cross-characteristics (e.g. auto- and cross-correlation functions, auto- and cross-spectrums, transfer function, coherence function, etc) are used for the analysis of combined object-lubricant images. Both proposed methodologies utilize the comparison of measured parameters and calculated object shape-based and statistical characteristics for fresh and contaminated lubricants. Developed methodologies are verified experimentally showing an ability to distinguish lubricant with 0%, 3%, 7% and 10% water and coolant contamination. This proves the potential applicability of the developed methodologies for on-line measurement, monitoring and control of the engine lubricant condition. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Automotive engine Coherence function Combustion engines condition Contaminant concentrations Cross-correlation function Distortion effects Engine condition monitoring Engine lubricants Gray scale intensities Indirect measurements Measured parameters Mechanical components Monitoring and control Nonuniformity On-line measurement Optical analysis Optical image Optical medium Qualitative analysis Relative intensity Shape based Statistical characteristics Wear particles Condition monitoring Contamination Coolants Engines Environmental impact Geometrical optics Impurities Lubricants Measurements Mechanical properties Monitoring Optical correlation Optical properties Periodic structures Sensors Statistical methods Quality control 2012 0957-0233 23 1 15202 10.1088/0957-0233/23/1/015202 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Automotive (AUTO-AUTO) Automobile (AUTO-AUTO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269273 2bfa8f1a-1014-4d26-8af5-7f0318b62b8f S. Ito aut IBS ISB M. Ménard aut IBS ISB T. Atkinson aut IBS ISB C. Gaudet aut IBS ISB L. Brown aut IBS ISB J. Whitfield aut IBS ISB B. Chakravarthy aut IBS ISB text article eng The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) has been thought to play a critical role in amyloid-β peptide (Aβ)-mediated neurodegeneration and Aβ metabolism in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. Our previous report showed that membrane-associated p75NTR protein expression was significantly increased in the hippocampi of two different strains of transgenic AD mice and was associated with the age-dependent elevation of Aβ1-42 levels. Here, we provide evidence that the Aβ1-42 oligomers known as ADDLs (Aβ-derived diffusible ligands) induce p75NTR protein expression through insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) phosphorylation in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. An in vivo microinjection study demonstrated that microinjected ADDLs increased the p75NTR protein expression by 1.4-fold in the ipsilateral hippocampus compared to the contralateral hippocampus. In addition, ADDLs microinjected into mouse hippocampi facilitated IGF-1R phosphorylation within 30 min and the co-administration of picropodophyllin, an IGF-1R kinase inhibitor, blocked ADDLs-induced p75NTR expression. We examined the possible involvement of IGF-1R in the increased p75NTR protein expression in the hippocampi of 6-month-old AβPPswe/PS1dE9 AD model mice that had accumulated significant amounts of Aβ1-42 and showed significantly higher p75NTR expression than age-matched wild-type mice. We found that IGF-1R phosphorylation in these transgenic mice was higher than that in the wild-type mice. These findings indicate that Aβ1-42 oligomers stimulate the p75NTR protein expression in the hippocampus through IGF-1R signaling. Thus, Aβ1-42 oligomers-mediated IGF-1R activation may trigger an increase in p75NTR protein expression in the hippocampus of AD brain during the early stages of disease development. © 2012-IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes amyloid beta protein[1-42] neurotrophin receptor p75 oligomer somatomedin C receptor Alzheimer disease animal experiment animal model animal tissue article controlled study disease model female hippocampus human human cell in vivo study male microinjection mouse neuroblastoma cell nonhuman priority journal protein expression protein phosphorylation transgenic mouse wild type Amyloid beta-Peptides Animals Cell Line, Tumor Female Gene Expression Regulation Hippocampus Humans Male Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Transgenic Peptide Fragments Receptor, IGF Type 1 Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor Signal Transduction 2012 1387-2877 31 3 493 506 14 10.3233/JAD-2012-120046 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269274 b39b0d6c-9fc8-4279-ae5d-e20c207c68c4 L. Chevallier aut A. Bauer aut IFCI IIPC S. Cavaliere aut R. Hui aut IFCI IIPC J. Rozière aut D.J. Jones aut text article eng Crystalline microspheres of Nb-doped TiO 2 with a high specific surface area were synthesized using a templating method exploiting ionic interactions between nascent inorganic components and an ionomer template. The microspheres exhibit a porosity gradient, with a meso-macroporous kernel, and a mesoporous shell. The material has been investigated as cathode electrocatalyst support for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. A uniform dispersion of Pt particles on the Nb-doped TiO 2 support was obtained using a microwave method, and the electrochemical properties assessed by cyclic voltammetry. Nb-TiO 2 supported Pt demonstrated very high stability, as after 1000 voltammetric cycles, 85% of the electroactive Pt area remained compared to 47% in the case of commercial Pt on carbon. For the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which takes place at the cathode, the highest stability was again obtained with the Nb-doped titania-based material even though the mass activity calculated at 0.9 V vs RHE was slightly lower. The microspherical structured and mesoporous Nb-doped TiO 2 is an alternative support to carbon for PEM fuel cells. © 2012 American Chemical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Doped titania Electroactive Electrocatalyst support High specific surface area High stability Inorganic components Ionic interaction Mass activity Mesoporous Mesoporous shell Microwave methods Nano-structured Oxygen reduction reaction PEM fuel cell Porosity gradients Pt particle Supported Pt Templating method TiO Uniform dispersions Voltammetric cycles Cathodes Cyclic voltammetry Electrocatalysts Electrolytic reduction Mesoporous materials Microspheres Platinum Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) Titanium dioxide 2012 1944-8244 4 3 1752 1759 8 10.1021/am300002j National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation (IFCI-IIPC) Institut d'innovation en piles à combustible du CNRC (IIPC-IFCI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269276 fdcb8e37-7c4f-4cd4-8545-8048bf9bb858 O. Ryan aut R.S. Shapiro aut C.F. Kurat aut D. Mayhew aut A. Baryshnikova aut B. Chin aut Z.-Y. Lin aut M.J. Cox aut F. Vizeacoumar aut D. Cheung aut S. Bahr aut K. Tsui aut F. Tebbji aut BRI IRB A. Sellam aut BRI IRB F. Istel aut T. Schwarzmüller aut T.B. Reynolds aut K. Kuchler aut D.K. Gifford aut M. Whiteway aut BRI IRB G. Giaever aut C. Nislow aut M. Costanzo aut A.-C. Gingras aut R.D. Mitra aut B. Andrews aut G.R. Fink aut L.E. Cowen aut C. Boone aut text article eng The dimorphic switch from a single-cell budding yeast to a filamentous form enables Saccharomyces cerevisiae to forage for nutrients and the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans to invade human tissues and evade the immune system. We constructed a genome-wide set of targeted deletion alleles and introduced them into a filamentous S. cerevisiae strain, S1278b. We identified genes involved in morphologically distinct forms of filamentation: haploid invasive growth, biofilm formation, and diploid pseudohyphal growth. Unique genes appear to underlie each program, but we also found core genes with general roles in filamentous growth, including MFG1 (YDL233w), whose product binds two morphogenetic transcription factors, Flo8 and Mss11, and functions as a critical transcriptional regulator of filamentous growth in both S. cerevisiae and C. albicans. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes green fluorescent protein transcription factor transcription factor flo8 transcription factor Mss11 unclassified drug gene expression genome growth immune system nutrient cycling polyploidy yeast allele article biofilm Candida albicans cell structure fungus growth gene deletion gene expression gene identification haploidy nonhuman phenotype priority journal promoter region protein binding protein localization Saccharomyces cerevisiae signal transduction transcription regulation Candida albicans Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saccharomycetales 2012 0036-8075 337 6100 1352 1356 5 10.1126/science.1224339 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI-IRB) Institut de recherche en biotechnologie du CNRC (IRB-BRI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269277 e3a0acfa-cd47-47c8-9ede-5f6745a4b8e7 D. Poudyal aut P.M. Le aut INMS IENM T. Davis aut A.B. Hofseth aut A. Chumanevich aut A.A. Chumanevich aut M.J. Wargovich aut M. Nagarkatti aut P.S. Nagarkatti aut A. Windust aut INMS IENM L.J. Hofseth aut text article eng yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes ginseng extract hexane antiinflammatory activity colitis colon cancer drug carcinogenicity fractionation ginseng LD 50 letter nonhuman priority journal 2012 1940-6207 5 7 983 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-12-0169 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for National Measurement Standards (INMS-IENM) Institut des étalons nationaux de mesure du CNRC (IENM-INMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269278 30ec2135-6b05-4393-af36-2dadf464d60f R.M. Rideout aut M.J. Morgan aut Y. Lambert aut A.M. Cohen aut IMB IBM J.H. Banoub aut M. Treble aut text article eng Histological data presented here supports the notion of an uncommon oocyte development pattern for Greenland halibut, with two simultaneous groups of developing oocytes in the ovary, the larger group developing for the upcoming spawning season and the smaller group developing for next year (i.e. the duration of vitellogenesis is > 1 yr.). We analyzed blood samples collected from wild fish as well as fish that were part of the first documented study of Greenland halibut reproductive development in captivity in order to explore the annual cycle of vitellogenin production for this species. Despite the unusual oocyte development strategy there were no obvious differences in seasonal vitellogenin profiles versus fish with more traditional oocyte development strategies. Blood plasma vitellogenin levels generally peaked prior to or during spawning for those fish that successfully spawned, while patterns were highly variable for fish that did not spawn. Maximum plasma vitellogenin levels observed were 25 mg/ml and within the range of values observed for other fish species. Continued refinements in husbandry and experimental protocols for the study of Greenland halibut in captivity will provide a valuable tool for examining aspects of the species' biology that are difficult to ascertain based on sampling of only wild fish. © Her Magesty the Queen in right of Canada, 2012. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes captivity commercial species developmental stage fish reproduction reproductive behavior spawning Atlantic Ocean Atlantic Ocean (Northwest) 2012 1813-1859 44 15 29 15 10.2960/J.v44.ms679 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Marine Biosciences (IMB-IBM) Institut des biosciences marines du CNRC (IBM-IMB) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269279 cafd8d93-4d20-4510-a416-cd8683a1474d X.G. Brulotte aut P. Hubert aut M. Hojjati aut AERO AERO 2012 SAMPE International Symposium and Exhibition - Emerging Opportunities: Materials and Process Solutions, 21 May 2012 through 24 May 2012, Baltimore, MD text article eng This paper focuses on the manufacturing of thermoplastic composite PEEK parts using Automated Tape Placement (ATP) with in-situ consolidation. The choice of the adequate processing parameters for the in-situ ATP is critical because no additional autoclave step is used to correct any manufacturing imperfections created during layup, or to homogenize the laminate consolidation. The current paper can be considered as a first step towards understanding the deformation behaviour of APC-2/IM7 (Cytec) in-situ ATP tape material subjected to various processing conditions. Compression analyses performed using a Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) show that the material can quickly reach a steady state transverse deformation. The deformation behaviour of the pre-impregnated carbon/PEEK tape was investigated using a specially developed compaction apparatus. Processing parameters such as temperature, consolidation forces, and orientation of the deposited tow were independently controlled and the material's steady state deformation was measured by optical microscopy. The processing temperature was found to have negligible impact within the studied range. The consolidation pressure and ply orientation were found to contribute with similar magnitude to the tow deformation. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Automated tape placement Carbon/PEEK Consolidation pressure Deformation behaviour Dynamic mechanical analyzer In-situ Manufacturing imperfections Ply orientation Processing condition Processing parameters Processing temperature Steady state Steady state deformation Thermoplastic composite Tow deformations Transverse deformation Compaction Deformation Exhibitions Laminates Manufacture Optical microscopy In situ processing 2012 9781934551127 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269280 52a23eef-1edf-429f-9ae8-81b0ee649bf4 R. M. Kearsey aut AERO AERO J. Tsang aut AERO AERO S. Oppenheimer aut E. McDevitt aut 12th International Symposium on Superalloys, Superalloys 2012, September 9-13, 2012, Seven Springs, PA, USA text chapter eng Fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) and dwell-FCGR tests were conducted at 704C° in a vacuum environment and compared with data obtained under lab air conditions for various microstructural conditions of ATI 718Plus Alloy (718Plus) and Waspaloy. The results indicated that environmental damage has a significant impact on the FCGR characteristics of both alloys, particularly in the near-threshold regime. The dwell fatigue crack propagation behaviour under vacuum conditions displayed identical behaviour irrespective of differences in microstructural features. The observed crack growth rates under vacuum decreased dramatically compared to lab air test results, highlighting the crucial impact of environmental damage on the dwell-fatigue crack propagation resistance of both alloys. The fracture mode for 718Plus was observed to be predominately intergranular in both the FCGR and dwell-FCGR test conditions, with the effect of long-term thermal exposure leading to a larger fraction of transgranular failure. Waspaloy fracture surfaces revealed a predominantly transgranular deformation mode. The fracture surfaces of 718Plus and Waspaloy all exhibited transgranular fracture under vacuum test conditions and were nearly indistinguishable in crack topography. Dynamic embrittlement is believed to be the governing mechanism for intergranular failure of 718Plus leading to grain boundary decohesion. Improvement of dwell-fatigue crack propagation resistance of 718Plus may be strongly related to the coarsening of the γ hardening phase, with potential further improvement via implementation of a bimodal γ heat treatment. EDX analysis showed that the 8 phase just at the crack tip becomes oxidized and may be a contributing factor in the susceptibility of the grain boundaries during the dwell-FCGR tests. The presence of Nb-rich carbides along the dwell-fatigue crack path of 718Plus was also identified. Carbides located behind the crack front were heavily oxidized and those carbides observed just ahead of the crack tip showed no oxidation. It is believed that oxidation of these NbC particles near grain boundaries may be linked to the environmental susceptibility of 718Plus during dwell-fatigue crack propagation. © 2012 The Minerals, Metals, & Materials Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Dwell fatigue Environmental damage FCGR Intergranular fracture Waspaloy Carbides Cerium alloys Crack tips Cracks Fatigue crack propagation Fatigue of materials Grain boundaries Microstructural evolution Oxidation Stress corrosion cracking Superalloys Textures Vacuum Fracture 2012-10-02 9780470943205 9781118516430 741 749 9 10.1002/9781118516430.ch82 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269281 f309ef86-6acf-497a-8d9b-6c9b89d552fe M.J. Schur aut IBS ISB E. Lameignere aut N.C.J. Strynadka aut W.W. Wakarchuk aut IBS ISB text article eng Genome sequence data were used to clone and express two sialyltransferase enzymes of the GT-42 family from Helicobacter acinonychis ATCC 51104, a gastric disease isolate from Cheetahs. The deposited genome sequence for these genes contains a large number of tandem repeat sequences in each of them: HAC1267 (RQKELE)15 and HAC1268 (EEKLLEFKNI)13. We obtained two clones with different numbers of repeat sequences for the HAC1267 gene homolog and a single clone for the HAC1268 gene homolog. Both genes could be expressed in Escherichia coli and sialyltransferase activity was measured using synthetic acceptor substrates containing a variety of terminal sugars. Both enzymes were shown to have a preference for N-acetyllactosamine, and they each made a product with a different linkage to the terminal galactose. HAC1267 is a mono-functional 2,3-sialyltransferase, whereas HAC1268 is a mono-functional α2,6- sialyltransferase and is the first member of GT-42 to show α2,6- sialyltransferase activity. © 2012 The Author. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes alpha 2,3 sialyltransferase alpha 2,6 sialyltransferase galactose sialyltransferase unclassified drug aminosugar bacterial protein beta D galactoside alpha 2 6 sialyltransferase beta galactoside alpha 2,3 sialyltransferase beta-D-galactoside alpha 2-6-sialyltransferase beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase hybrid protein magnesium manganese n acetyllactosamine N-acetyllactosamine sialic acid derivative sialyltransferase article bacterial genome bacterium isolate cheetah controlled study enzyme activation enzyme analysis enzyme substrate Escherichia coli gene expression gene sequence Helicobacter Helicobacter acinonychis molecular cloning nonhuman nucleotide sequence priority journal protein expression sequence homology tandem repeat biosynthesis chemical structure chemistry conformation enzyme active site enzyme specificity enzymology genetics glycosylation pH structural homology Escherichia coli Helicobacter Helicobacter acinonychis Amino Sugars Bacterial Proteins Carbohydrate Conformation Catalytic Domain Cloning, Molecular Glycosylation Helicobacter Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Magnesium Manganese Models, Molecular Recombinant Fusion Proteins Sialic Acids Sialyltransferases Structural Homology, Protein Substrate Specificity 2012 0959-6658 22 7 997 1006 10 10.1093/glycob/cws071 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269286 cc4e5c5d-dbaa-4045-88e7-abd3b5b11f35 E.A. Aguilar-Reyes aut C.A. León-Patiño aut B. Jacinto-Diaz aut L.-P. Lefebvre aut IMI IMI text article eng Bioactive glass 45S5 foams were produced using a powder technology process developed by The National Research Council Canada-Industrial Materials Institute. NRC-IMI's proprietary process, combining powder technology and polymer foam technique, allows the production of materials having different structures and properties. It can be used to produce components into various forms, such as fully porous bodies or coatings on solid structures. During foaming, the foaming agent is decomposed and expands the binder-bioactive glass suspension. Then, the binder is burnt out by heating the sample at 500°C and finally the bioactive glass particle network is sintered to consolidate the material. Foams sintered at various temperatures were characterized from a microstructural and mechanical point of view. The foam structure and properties are affected by the sintering temperature when it is varied between 950°C and 1025°C. Foams exhibited open porosity (64%-79%) and pore size (335-530 μm) optimal for bone ingrowth. In all cases, the glass crystallized during sintering and the material was mostly composed of Na6Ca 3Si6O18 and Na2Ca 4(PO4)2SiO4 phases. The mechanical strength increased from 1.7 to 5.5 MPa while the density of the material increased from 0.56 to 0.97 g/cm3. © 2012 The American Ceramic Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Bone ingrowth Different structure Foam structure Glass particles Mechanical evaluation Mechanical points Micro-structural National Research Council Open porosity Polymer foams Porous bodies Powder Technology Sintering temperatures Solid structures Structural characterization Binders Bioactive glass Industrial research Sintering Sodium Strength of materials 2012 0002-7820 95 12 3776 3780 5 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2012.05465.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Industrial Materials Institute (IMI-IMI) Institut des matériaux industriels du CNRC (IMI-IMI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269288 909be4fe-9da5-4204-bc66-aa3c77051934 Robert H. Nelson aut HIA IHA text article eng yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes gold access 2012 0374-0676 6016 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269245 d4f3a494-8dbf-453f-bb4b-9891fdbefe8e M.B. Bell aut HIA IHA S.P. Comeau aut HIA IHA text article eng Evidence is presented indicating that the bursting component of the X-ray radiation detected in the nuclear region of the active radio galaxy 3C 111 comes from the blobs ejected in the pc-scale jet and not from the accretion disc. After each new outburst the radio flux density associated with it increases to a peak in ~1 year and then subsides over a period of 1-2 years with the flux falling off exponentially as the blob moves outward and dissipates. Similar peaks (bursts) are seen in the X-ray light curve and a cross-correlation between the two shows a very high correlation with the X-ray peaks leading the radio peaks by ~100 days. A second cross-correlation, this time between the radio event start times and the X-ray light curve, also shows a significant correlation. When this is taken together with the long (~1 yr) delay between the start of each ejection event and its associated X-ray peak it indicates that this bursting component of the X-ray flux must be associated with the ejected blobs in the pc-scale jet and not with the accretion disc. Because X-ray telescopes do not have the resolution required to resolve the accretion disc area from the pc-scale jet, this paper is the first to present observational evidence that can pinpoint the point of origin of at least those long-timescale X-ray bursts with durations of 1-3 yrs. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-640X 339 1 143 149 7 10.1007/s10509-011-0962-9 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269246 aa62f194-a5ef-46fa-a339-828a84c0d176 M. Kibsey aut T. Mohammadi aut X. Huang aut R. Kearsey aut AERO AERO ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2012, 11 June 2012 through 15 June 2012, Copenhagen text article eng The design, fabrication and preliminary assessment of novel metal reinforced ceramic matrix composite (CMC) materials are reported in this study. The design is based on the assumption that the metallic reinforcing structure can increase the work of fracture through the action of wire pullout, crack deflection and plastic deformation. In particular, the current CMC is composed of a molybdenum wire structure within a 7.5 wt% yttria-stabilized zirconia (7YSZ) ceramic matrix (Mo/YSZ). A unique jig is designed to assist the fabrication of the Mo mesh. Subsequently a NiCrAlY bond coat and finally a 7YSZ matrix are applied to the Mo mesh structure using a plasma spray technique. The as-fabricated and heat treated Mo/YSZ are subjected to impact and 3-point bend tests. The impact testing results show that heat treatment after spraying increases the impact energy possibly due to the improved bonding between Mo, NiCrAlY and 7YSZ. During 3-point bend testing, the incorporation of Mo mesh in 7YSZ increases the load at yield point, the peak load and the displacement to failure. After isothermal and cyclic oxidation tests at 1050°C for 330 hours, the Mo/YSZ CMC is examined under optical and scanning electron microscopes (SEM). The results show that the NiCrAlY bond coat delaminates from the Mo wire and also forms radial cracks during the spraying process. It is for this reason that the Mo wire suffers from rapid oxidization during isothermal and cyclic oxidation tests, causing separation of the reinforcement from the 7YSZ matrix. Future improvement to the current process will be to select and deposit a more effective oxidation resistant coating on the Mo wire in order to allow the metal frame-reinforced CMC concept to achieve the desired chemical and mechanical properties at high temperatures. Copyright © 2012 by ASME. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Cyclic oxidation tests Future improvements Mechanical properties at high temperatures NiCrAlY bond coats Oxidation resistant coating Plasma spray techniques Preliminary assessment The scanning electron microscopes (SEM) Ceramic matrix composites Chemical bonds Cracks Exhibitions Fabrication Fracture Gas turbines High temperature applications Impact testing Isotherms Jigs Load testing Mechanical properties Molybdenum Plasma spraying Reinforcement Scanning electron microscopy Yttria stabilized zirconia Zirconia Wire 2012 9780791844717 5 81 89 9 10.1115/GT2012-68293 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269247 260d4e8f-ef31-4d47-af74-2f4d18048b51 P. Dobson aut C. Lei aut IFCI IIPC T. Navessin aut IFCI IIPC M. Secanell aut IFCI IIPC text article eng Models of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) have become increasingly complex, using many parameters to define the behavior of species and the performance of the cell. A framework is presented here to couple an agglomerate electrode based, multi-dimensional, multi-physics mathematical model of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) model with an optimization-based nonlinear least-squares parameter estimation algorithm. The framework is used to estimate the micro-structural parameters of the catalyst layer such as agglomerate size. The results show that a set of data over a range of operating conditions can be accurately described by using a unique set of structural parameters that match experimental visualization of the catalyst layer. Extension of this methodology can be used to systematically estimate any model parameters in order to reduce uncertainty in model predictions. © 2012 The Electrochemical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Agglomerate sizes Catalyst layers Experimental visualization Membrane electrode assemblies Microstructural parameters Model parameters Model prediction Multi-physics Nonlinear least squares Operating condition Parameter estimation algorithm PEM fuel cell Structural parameter Catalysts Mathematical models Parameter estimation Uncertainty analysis Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) 2012 0013-4651 159 5 B514 B523 10.1149/2.041205jes National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation (IFCI-IIPC) Institut d'innovation en piles à combustible du CNRC (IIPC-IFCI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269249 b60dd874-a145-4882-aca9-3cd37547ab87 Elvi Dalgaard Dalgaard, E. aut AERO AERO Priti Wanjara Wanjara, P. aut AERO AERO J. Gholipour aut AERO AERO J.J. Jonas aut 7th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials, THERMEC'2011, 1 August 2011 through 5 August 2011, Quebec City, QC text article eng IMI834 (Ti-5.8Al-4Sn-3.5Zr-0.7Nb-0.5Mo-0.35Si) is a high-tech near-α titanium alloy with improved creep resistance and mechanical property retention at temperatures up to 600°C [1]. It is used in the aerospace industry for compressor disks and blades due to its excellent balance between creep resistance and fatigue strength [2]. The linear friction welding (LFW) behaviour of IMI834 displaying an initial bimodal α+β microstructure was investigated using varying axial pressures during welding. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to characterize the texture and phase fraction of the welded IMI834 samples in the weld zone (WZ) and thermomechanically affected zones (TMAZ) in relation to the base material. Based on microhardness evaluation of the weldments, the WZ was determined to be slightly harder than the base material. © 2012 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Aerospace Axial pressures Base material Compressor disks Electron back scatter diffraction Fatigue strength IMI834 Linear friction welding Phase fractions Thermomechanically affected zones Weld zone Weldments Aerospace industry Friction welding Textures Tin Titanium alloys Welding Zirconium Alloys Cerium alloys Creep Creep resistance Friction Molybdenum Niobium Titanium Tribology Creep resistance Titanium alloys 2012 0255-5476 9783037853030 706-709 211 216 6 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.706-709.211 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269251 712c43d9-4b42-494d-b2b8-43e1fd61aef9 L. Pokrajac aut C. Baik aut J.R. Harris aut N.S. Sarraf aut BRI IRB M. Palmer aut text article eng The bacterial toxin pyolysin (PLO) belongs to the family of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs), which form large, ring-shaped oligomeric pores in cholesterol-containing membranes. Monomeric CDC molecules have a structure of four domains, with domains 2 and 3 packed against each other. After binding to target membranes containing cholesterol, toxin monomers oligomerize into pre-pore complexes. Trans-membrane pores form when the pre-pores insert into the lipid bilayer. Membrane insertion requires each subunit in the pre-pore to undergo a significant change in conformation, including the separation of domains 2 and 3. We here characterize a pyolysin mutant with an engineered disulfide bond between domains 2 and 3. The disulfide-tethered mutant binds to membranes but does not form oligomers. When mixed with wild type PLO, the two proteins form hybrid oligomers, which are reduced in size and arc-shaped rather than ring-shaped. With equimolar mixtures or the disulfide mutant in slight excess, the hybrid oligomers retain pore-forming activity, while a larger excess of the mutant suppresses pore formation. These results support a "partially cooperative" mode of protein activity, in which a limited number of functional subunits within an oligomer have to cooperate to initiate membrane insertion and pore formation. © 2012 Published by NRC Research Press. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Bacterial toxin Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins Disulfide bonds Equimolar mixtures Hybrid oligomers Membrane insertion Pore formation Protein activity Pyolysin Trans-membrane pores Wild types Cholesterol Covalent bonds Lipid bilayers Membranes Oligomerization Pore size Proteins Sulfur compounds Oligomers bacterial toxin disulfide pyolysin unclassified drug Arcanobacterium pyogenes article bacterial mutation bacterium mutant channel gating complex formation controlled study Escherichia coli gene insertion hemolysis oligomerization Bacterial Proteins Bacterial Toxins Binding Sites Cell Membrane Cytotoxins Disulfides Hemolysin Proteins Mutation Polymerization Protein Conformation Protein Subunits Bacteria (microorganisms) 2012 0829-8211 90 6 709 717 9 10.1139/o2012-029 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI-IRB) Institut de recherche en biotechnologie du CNRC (IRB-BRI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269252 823501d5-556d-4029-bce5-fad85173dea8 H. Liu aut IIT ITI E. Milios aut text article eng A focused crawler is an efficient tool used to traverse the Web to gather documents on a specific topic. It can be used to build domain-specific Web search portals and online personalized search tools. Focused crawlers can only use information obtained from previously crawled pages to estimate the relevance of a newly seen URL. Therefore, good performance depends on powerful modeling of context as well as the quality of the current observations. To address this challenge, we propose capturing sequential patterns along paths leading to targets based on probabilistic models. We model the process of crawling by a walk along an underlying chain of hidden states, defined by hop distance from target pages, from which the actual topics of the documents are observed. When a new document is seen, prediction amounts to estimating the distance of this document from a target. Within this framework, we propose two probabilistic models for focused crawling, Maximum Entropy Markov Model (MEMM) and Linear-chain Conditional Random Field (CRF). With MEMM, we exploit multiple overlapping features, such as anchor text, to represent useful context and form a chain of local classifier models. With CRF, a form of undirected graphical models, we focus on obtaining global optimal solutions along the sequences by taking advantage not only of text content, but also of linkage relations. We conclude with an experimental validation and comparison with focused crawling based on Best-First Search (BFS), Hidden Markov Model (HMM), and Context-graph Search (CGS). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Best first search Conditional random field Domain specific Experimental validations Focused crawler Focused crawling Focused web crawling Global optimal solutions GraphicaL model Hidden state Hop distance Link analysis Local classifier Maximum entropy Markov model Overlapping features Personalized search Probabilistic models Sequential patterns Text content Topical crawlers Web Mining Web searches Hidden Markov models Learning systems Websites Learning algorithms 2012 0824-7935 28 3 289 328 40 10.1111/j.1467-8640.2012.00411.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Information Technology (IIT-ITI) Institut de technologie de l'information du CNRC (ITI-IIT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269253 29ad1645-e1b5-4487-8572-ed43fc07353c D.G. Turner aut S. Van Den Bergh aut HIA IHA P.F. Younger aut HIA IHA D.J. Majaess aut M.H. Pedreros aut L.N. Berdnikov aut text article eng A photometric UBV survey is presented for 610 stars in a region surrounding the Cepheid AQ Puppis and centered southwest of the variable, based upon photoelectric measures for 14 stars and calibrated iris photometry of photographic plates of the field for 596 stars. An analysis of reddening and distance for program stars indicates that the major dust complex in this direction is ∼1.8 kpc distant, producing differential extinction described by a ratio of total-to-selective extinction of R = A V /E B-V = 3.10 ± 0.20. Zero-age main-sequence fitting for the main group of B-type stars along the line of sight yields a distance of 3.21 ± 0.19 kpc (V 0 - M V = 12.53 ± 0.13 s.e.). The 2997 Cepheid AQ Pup, of field reddening E B-V = 0.47 ± 0.07 (E B-V (B0) = 0.51 ± 0.07), appears to be associated with B-type stars lying within 5′ of it as well as with a sparse group of stars, designated Turner 14, centered south of it at J2000.0 = 07:58:37, -29:25:00, with a mean reddening of E B-V = 0.81 ± 0.01. AQ Pup has an inferred luminosity as a cluster member of 〈M V 〉 = -5.40 ± 0.25 and an evolutionary age of 3 × 10 7 yr. Its observed rate of period increase of +300.1 ± 1.2 s yr -1 is an order of magnitude larger than what is observed for Cepheids of comparable period in the third crossing of the instability strip, and may be indicative of a high rate of mass loss or a putative fifth crossing. Another sparse cluster, designated Turner 13, surrounds the newly recognized 259 Cepheid V620 Pup, of space reddening E B-V = 0.64 ± 0.02 (E B-V (B0) = 0.68 ± 0.02), distance 2.88 ± 0.11 kpc (V 0-M V = 12.30 ± 0.08 s.e.), evolutionary age 10 8 yr, and an inferred luminosity as a likely cluster member of 〈M V 〉 = -2.74 ± 0.11. V620 Pup is tentatively identified as a first crosser, pending additional observations. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-6256 144 6 187 10.1088/0004-6256/144/6/187 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269254 a61875e1-a2f8-4426-a711-046e4f48a75f M. Smeu aut H. Guo aut W. Ji aut R.A. Wolkow aut NINT INNT text article eng The 7×7 reconstruction of Si(111) has the interesting property of being metallic despite bulk Si being a semiconductor. This surface has a complex reconstruction that takes on a dimer-adatom stacking fault (DAS) structure composed of adatoms, rest atoms, and several other key features. It is believed that the dangling bonds of the adatoms play a crucial role in the high conductivity and that this is predominantly a surface-state band effect. To elucidate the details of this mechanism, we investigate a set of related Si(111) reconstructions of increasing complexity in order to resolve the effect of the different DAS features on the electronic and transport properties of the Si(111)-7×7 surface. Density functional theory calculations are carried out on the √3×√3-R30 -, 2×2, 5×5, and 7×7 reconstructions of Si(111). Since these surfaces are modeled as two-dimensional slabs, a careful investigation is carried out to determine the slab thickness needed to capture the structural and electronic properties of these systems. The densities of states (DOSs) projected on different atoms in these surfaces are then compared, revealing that the √3×√3, 5×5, and 7×7 surfaces are metallic, while the 2×2 surface is semiconducting. Finally, the DOSs for Si(111)-7×7 are related to scanning tunneling microscope data to offer an explanation for different adatom prominence trends depending on Si sample doping. © 2012 American Physical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 1098-0121 85 19 195315 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.195315 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Institute for Nanotechnology (NINT-INNT) Institut national de nanotechnologie (INNT-NINT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269255 ea758e3f-822c-4d65-91f8-7bd9b5cd360f D. Gagnon aut S. Lessard aut M. Verhaegen aut P. Mutchmore aut P. Bouchard aut IMI IMI F.R. Doucet aut IMI IMI M. Sabsabi aut IMI IMI text article eng Detection of sulfur by optical emission spectroscopy generally presents some difficulties because the strongest lines are in the vacuum UV below 185 nm and therefore are readily absorbed by oxygen molecules in air. A novel concept for a low-cost and efficient system to detect sulfur using near-IR bands by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is here proposed. This concept is based on customized thick holographic gratings as spectral filtering elements. The signal integration and the temporal synchronization are performed using built-in custom electronics that amplify and integrate or trigger photodiode output signals. In this work, we use the near-IR lines at 921.287 nm and a background reference at 900 nm. Preliminary results show a limit of detection comparable to that of a conventional high-end system. © 2012 Optical Society of America. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Efficient systems High-end systems Limit of detection Multi-band sensors Near-IR Novel concept Output signal Oxygen molecule Signal integration Spectral filtering Sulfur detection Temporal synchronization Vacuum UV Atomic emission spectroscopy Holographic gratings Sulfur Signal detection 2012 0003-6935 51 7 B7 B12 10.1364/AO.51.0000B7 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Industrial Materials Institute (IMI-IMI) Institut des matériaux industriels du CNRC (IMI-IMI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269256 1545fd7b-1e2a-48e5-b85b-ba6a59777e6f G.D. Sprott aut IBS ISB A. Yeung aut IBS ISB C.J. Dicaire aut IBS ISB S.H. Yu aut IBS ISB D.M. Whitfield aut IBS ISB text article eng The relation between archaeal lipid structures and their activity as adjuvants may be defined and explored by synthesizing novel head groups covalently linked to archaeol (2,3-diphytanyl-sn-glycerol). Saturated archaeol, that is suitably stable as a precursor for chemical synthesis, was obtained in high yield from Halobacterium salinarum. Archaeosomes consisting of the various combinations of synthesized lipids, with antigen entrapped, were used to immunize mice and subsequently determine CD8+ and CD4+-T cell immune responses. Addition of 45 mol of the glycolipids gentiotriosylarchaeol, mannotriosylarchaeol or maltotriosylarchaeol to an archaetidylglycerophosphate-O-methyl archaeosome, significantly enhanced the CD8+ T cell response to antigen, but diminished the antibody titres in peripheral blood. Archaeosomes consisting of all three triglycosyl archaeols combined with archaetidylglycerophosphate-O-methyl (15/15/15/55 mol) resulted in approximately additive CD8+ T cell responses and also an antibody response not significantly different from the archaetidylglycerophosphate-O- methyl alone. Synthetic archaetidylserine played a role to further enhance the CD8+ T cell response where the optimum content was 2030 mol. Vaccines giving best protection against solid tumor growth corresponded to the archaeosome adjuvant composition that gave highest immune activity in immunized mice. © 2012 G. Dennis Sprott et al. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Archaea Halobacterium salinarum Mus antibody archaeol lipid cancer vaccine glycerol ether glycolipid immunological adjuvant tumor antigen animal article blood C57BL mouse CD4+ T lymphocyte CD8+ T lymphocyte chemistry Halobacterium salinarum immunology isolation and purification mouse neoplasm pathology Adjuvants, Immunologic Animals Antibodies Antigens, Neoplasm Cancer Vaccines CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Glyceryl Ethers Glycolipids Halobacterium salinarum Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Neoplasms 2012 1472-3646 2012 513231 10.1155/2012/513231 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269257 e74241ce-40c2-42f1-827f-d61287ebc165 Behnam Ashrafi Ashrafi, B. aut IAR IRA Andrew Johnston Johnston, A. aut IAR IRA Michael Jakubinek Jakubinek, M.B. aut SIMS ISSM Yadienka Martinez-Rubi Martinez-Rubi, Y. aut SIMS ISSM Benoit Simard Simard, B. aut SIMS ISSM Pascal Hubert Hubert, P. aut IAR IRA 2012 SAMPE International Symposium and Exhibition - Emerging Opportunities: Materials and Process Solutions, 21 May 2012 through 24 May 2012, Baltimore, MD text article eng In this work, the effects of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on mechanical and electrical properties of two epoxy resins (a high temperature aerospace-grade epoxy and an aerospace-grade adhesive) were evaluated. The performance of these two SWCNT-modified epoxy resins was also studied in their end-use applications, as a matrix for a glass fiber laminate composites and as an adhesive for aluminum-to-aluminum bonding, respectively. The results suggest that the mechanical and electrical property improvements observed in bulk resin due the addition of SWCNTs do not necessarily translate into comparable property enhancements in laminates and joints. It was found that the electrical property improvements of nano-modified laminates exceeded those of bulk SWCNT-modified epoxy. The translation of mechanical properties from bulk resin to the structural level, on the other hand, was found to be less successful. The results are discussed in terms of challenges associated with processing and resin-fiber interaction. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes End-uses Epoxy adhesives High temperature Laminate composites Mechanical and electrical properties Property improvement Aluminum Electric properties Exhibitions Glass fibers Laminated composites Mechanical properties Resins Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCN) Epoxy resins 2012 9781934551127 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Aerospace Research Institut de recherche aérospatiale du CNRC NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269259 d8c1a7c0-079c-4517-a159-8cb140712305 C.A. Tulk aut D.D. Klug aut SIMS ISSM J.J. Molaison aut A.M. Dos Santos aut N. Pradhan aut text article eng In a process similar to the formation of high-density amorphous ice, amorphous methane hydrate was formed by the pressure-induced collapse of crystalline methane clathrate at 32 kbar and 100 K. This produced a regular array of methane embedded within cavities in an amorphous water network. In situ annealing results in further densification into a more disordered and higher density amorphous state before crystallization into ice VIII and hexagonal clathrate. Whereas the very high-density amorphous form of pure water undergoes a glass transition near 130 K at low pressure and crystallizes over a broad pressure range at ∼160 K, the amorphous network of the water-methane binary system exhibits a region of metastability that persists up to 220 K between 15 and 40kbar. It appears that in this system the connectivity of the water network exhibits sufficiently low mobility so as to inhibit the diffusion and phase separation of the constituents until 220 K, where the high-pressure ice VIII crystallization can occur. The structure of the amorphous form is studied by neutron diffraction and the hydration of methane in this disordered water network is more closely related to the small clathrate cage than the large. ©2012 American Physical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 1098-0121 86 5 54110 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.054110 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences (SIMS-ISSM) Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC (ISSM-SIMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269261 34bbba1f-1f61-4c2d-9432-4909084e2f5a I. Mantegh aut AERO AERO ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, IDETC/CIE 2012, 12 August 2012 through 12 August 2012, Chicago, IL text article eng A task planning method is presented to model and reproduce robot trajectories based on those captured from human demonstrations. In the framework of the Programming by Demonstration (PbD) approach, task planning algorithm is developed to determine the general type of trajectory pattern, its parameters, and its kinematic profile. The pattern is described independently of the shape of the surface on which it is demonstrated. Key pattern points are identified based on changes in direction and velocity, and are then reduced based on their proximity. The results of the analysis are provided are used inside a task planning algorithm, to produce robot trajectories based on the workpiece geometries. The trajectory is output in the form of robot native language code so that it can be readily downloaded on the robot. © 2012 by ASME. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Flexible automation Human demonstrations Key Patterns Native language Programming by demonstration Robot trajectory Task planning Trajectory pattern Algorithms Design Robots Trajectories Robot programming 2012 9780791845035 4 PARTS A AND B 1347 1353 7 10.1115/DETC2012-71359 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269262 1e2faa12-927f-446c-a81e-d057bb512088 Sergei Studenikin Studenikin, S.A. aut SDT TSR Geofrey C (Geof) Aers Aers, G.C. aut SDT TSR Ghislain Granger Granger, G. aut MSS SME Louis Gaudreau Gaudreau, L. aut SDT TSR Alicia Patricia Kam Kam, A. aut ICT TIC Piotr Zawadzki Zawadzki, P. aut SDT TSR Zbigniew R (Zbig) Wasilewski Wasilewski, Z.R. aut ICT TIC Andrew (Andy) Sachrajda Sachrajda, A.S. aut SDT TSR text article eng Qubits based on the singlet (S) and the triplet (T 0, T +) states in double quantum dots have been demonstrated in separate experiments. It has been recently proposed theoretically that under certain conditions a quantum interference could occur from the interplay between these two qubit species. Here we report experiments and modeling that confirm these theoretical predictions and identify the conditions under which this interference occurs. Density matrix calculations show that the interference pattern manifests primarily via the occupation of the common singlet state. The S/T 0 qubit is found to have a much longer coherence time as compared to the S/T + qubit. © 2012 American Physical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Coherence time Density matrix Double quantum dots Interference patterns Quantum interference Singlet state Theoretical prediction Two-qubit Experiments Quantum computers Quantum interference devices Semiconductor quantum dots Current voltage characteristics 2012 0031-9007 108 22 226802 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.226802 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269263 818ad410-f9af-483a-93fa-8feaf267f262 F. Li aut T.D. Vo aut C. Husko aut M. Pelusi aut D.-X. Xu aut R. Ma aut IMS ISM S. Janz aut IMS ISM B.J. Eggleton aut D.J. Moss aut 2012 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2012, 6 May 2012 through 11 May 2012, San Jose, CA text article eng We demonstrate all-optical XOR logic function for 40Gb/s DPSK signals in the C-band, based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in a silicon nanowire. Error-free operation with a system penalty of ∼ 4.3dB at 10-9 BER has been achieved. © 2012 OSA. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes DPSK signals Error free operations Logic functions Optical XOR Silicon nanowires System penalty Lasers Nanowires Silicon Four wave mixing 2012 9781467318396 6325658 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269264 9ee40d42-4b8b-49b4-afee-5b1323208697 P. Nair aut S. Kandasamy aut J. Zhang aut INH ISNS X. Ji aut INH ISNS C. Kirby aut B. Benkel aut M.D. Hodges aut A.T. Critchley aut D. Hiltz aut B. Prithiviraj aut text article eng Background: We have previously shown that lipophilic components (LPC) of the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum (ANE) improved freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the mechanism(s) of this induced freezing stress tolerance is largely unknown. Here, we investigated LPC induced changes in the transcriptome and metabolome of A. thaliana undergoing freezing stress.Results: Gene expression studies revealed that the accumulation of proline was mediated by an increase in the expression of the proline synthesis genes P5CS1 and P5CS2 and a marginal reduction in the expression of the proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) gene. Moreover, LPC application significantly increased the concentration of total soluble sugars in the cytosol in response to freezing stress. Arabidopsis sfr4 mutant plants, defective in the accumulation of free sugars, treated with LPC, exhibited freezing sensitivity similar to that of untreated controls. The 1H NMR metabolite profile of LPC-treated Arabidopsis plants exposed to freezing stress revealed a spectrum dominated by chemical shifts (δ) representing soluble sugars, sugar alcohols, organic acids and lipophilic components like fatty acids, as compared to control plants. Additionally, 2D NMR spectra suggested an increase in the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids in LPC treated plants under freezing stress. These results were supported by global transcriptome analysis. Transcriptome analysis revealed that LPC treatment altered the expression of 1113 genes (5%) in comparison with untreated plants. A total of 463 genes (2%) were up regulated while 650 genes (3%) were down regulated.Conclusion: Taken together, the results of the experiments presented in this paper provide evidence to support LPC mediated freezing tolerance enhancement through a combination of the priming of plants for the increased accumulation of osmoprotectants and alteration of cellular fatty acid composition. © 2012 Nair et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes carboxylic acid fatty acid proline proline dehydrogenase pyrroline 5 carboxylate reductase sugar sugar alcohol Arabidopsis article Ascophyllum ascophyllum nodosum controlled study cytosol down regulation freezing freezing tolerance gene expression genetic transcription heteronuclear multiple bond correlation heteronuclear single quantum coherence lipid composition lipophilicity metabolomics nonhuman nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy osmotic stress P5CS1 gene P5CS2 gene plant gene ProDH gene proton nuclear magnetic resonance sfr4 gene transcriptomics upregulation Arabidopsis Ascophyllum Carbohydrate Metabolism Freezing Gene Expression Profiling Hot Temperature Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions Metabolomics Mutation Proline Solubility Transcription, Genetic Arabidopsis Arabidopsis thaliana Ascophyllum nodosum 2012 1471-2164 13 1 643 10.1186/1471-2164-13-643 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Nutrisciences and Health (INH-ISNS) Institut des sciences nutritionnelles et de la santé du CNRC (ISNS-INH) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269265 f6a4f123-afcf-4484-8d05-ecbfc52c38c4 J.R. Woods aut ICPET ITPCE J. Kung aut ICPET ITPCE D. Kingston aut ICPET ITPCE T. McCracken aut ICPET ITPCE L.S. Kotlyar aut ICPET ITPCE B.D. Sparks aut P.H.J. Mercier aut ICPET ITPCE S. Ng aut K. Moran aut text article eng It has been proposed that, regardless of origin, the recovery of bitumen from oil sands is related to its viscosity. Asphaltene and resin contents are known to affect the viscosity of bitumen. In this article we compare the composition of solvent-extracted bitumens from several Athabasca oil sands with very different recovery profiles. After careful removal of any associated mineral matter by ultra-centrifugation, each bitumen sample was separated into saturate, aromatic, resin, and asphaltene (SARA) fractions by an enhanced SARA technique. The individual components were then characterized by several complementary analytical techniques, including carbon, nitrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, size exclusion chromatography molecular weight (MW n) plus proton and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Based on this comparison, we see no correlation between the recovery of bitumen and its composition. © Crown Copyright. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Analytical techniques Athabasca oil sands Bitumen recovery Individual components Mineral matters Recovery profiles Resin content SARA Asphaltenes Centrifugation Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Oil sands Resins Sulfur Viscosity Bituminous materials 2012 1091-6466 30 22 2285 2293 9 10.1080/10916466.2010.495960 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Chemical Process and Environmental Technology (ICPET-ITPCE) Institut de technologie des procédés chimiques et de l'environnement du CNRC (ITPCE-ICPET) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269266 b3df75fa-523b-41e8-9591-7eb7c8e4df1b Md.S. Alam aut C. Daley aut B. Colbourne aut G. Hermanski aut OCRE GOCF B. Gagnon aut OCRE GOCF S. Bruneau aut G. Clarke aut B. Quinton aut 10th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice 2012, ICETECH 2012, 17 September 2012 through 20 September 2012, Banff, AB text article eng This paper details the development of a double pendulum dynamic impact test apparatus to study the behavior of collisions between ice and structural grillages, typical of those used in ship structures. Direct collisions between ice and ships involve high impact energy and can cause substantial damage to the ship structure. In order to apply this type of impact energy in a controlled and repeatable way, a double pendulum dynamic impact test frame has been developed. The frame consists of two pendulums: one to cany an ice sample and the other to carry a test grillage structure. The overall size of the apparatus is 4m x 5m x 8m. The live weight of each pendulum is approximately 3000 kg. In operation, the pendulums will be lifted and then released simultaneously to impact each other in a vertical position. The frame is instrumented to measure the impact force and deflection of the grillage. Copynght ©2012 ICETECH 12. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Double pendulum Dynamic impacts Grillage High impact energy Impact loads Ship structure Test apparatus Vertical positions Exhibitions Pendulums Ships Vehicle performance Ice 2012 9781622768011 294 297 4 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Ocean, Coastal and River Engineering (OCRE-GOCF) Génie océanique, côtier et fluvial (GOCF-OCRE) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269267 4e36068e-53eb-458e-b1a5-29a4d4fe0648 P.-P. Shiu aut G.K. Knopf aut S. Nikumb aut AUTO AUTO Microfluidics, BioMEMS, and Medical Microsystems X, 23 January 2012 through 24 January 2012, San Francisco, CA text article eng Disposable microfluidic systems are used to avoid sample contamination in a variety of medical and environmental monitoring applications. A contactless hot intrusion (HI) process for fabricating reusable polymer micromolds with near "optical quality" surface finishes is described in this paper. A metallic hot intrusion mask with the desired microchannels and related passive components is first machined using a tightly focused beam from a diode-pumped solid-state (DPSS) laser. The polymer mold master is then created by pressing the 2D metallic mask onto a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) substrate. Since it is a contactless fabrication process the resultant 3D micro-reliefs have near optical quality surface finishes. Unfortunately, the desired micro-relief dimensions (height and width) are not easily related to the hot intrusion process parameters of pressure, temperature, and time exposure profile. A finite element model is introduced to assist the manufacturing engineer in predicting the behavior of the PMMA substrate material as it deforms under heat and pressure during micromold manufacture. The FEM model assumes that thermo-plastics like PMMA become "rubber like" when heated to a temperature slightly above the glass transition temperature. By controlling the material temperature and maintaining its malleable state, it is possible to use the stress-strain relationship to predict the profile dimensions of the imprinted microfeature. Examples of curved microchannels fabricated using PMMA mold masters are presented to illustrate the proposed methodology and verify the finite element model. In addition, the non-contact formation of the micro-reliefs simplifies the demolding process and helps to preserve the high quality surface finishes. © 2012 Copyright Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Contact less Curved microchannel Demolding Diode-pumped solid-state laser Environmental Monitoring Fabrication process FEM models Finite element models Focused beams High quality surface Intrusion process Manufacturing engineers Material temperature Metallic masks Micro fluidic system Micro-feature Micro-molds Microfeatures micromold Mold-Masters Non-contact Optical qualities Optical quality surfaces Passive components Polymer molds Stress-strain relationships Substrate material Surface finishes BioMEMS Finishing Manufacture Microchannels Microfluidics Microsystems Molds Pumping (laser) Stress-strain curves Substrates Surface properties Functional polymers 2012 0277-786X 9780819488947 8251 82510H 10.1117/12.908098 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Automotive (AUTO-AUTO) Automobile (AUTO-AUTO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269258 fe3ddf10-eae4-4b9f-bd96-c63622edfe4d J. Pazder aut HIA IHA P. Desaulniers aut P. Spanò aut HIA IHA K. Szeto aut HIA IHA S. Thibault aut H. Zhang aut Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV, 1 July 2012 through 6 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng The instrument group of the Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics has been commissioned by the Gemini Observatory as one of the three competing organizations to conduct a conceptual design study for a new Gemini High-Resolution Optical Spectrograph (GHOS). This paper outlines the main features of the optical design, including the Cassegrain-mounted science input unit, the bench-mounted spectrograph and the fibre relay system. The predicted imaging performance and efficiency are presented with the design trade offs explored in the study. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Echelle spectrograph Gemini telescopes High resolution Volume phase holographic gratings VPH VPHG White pupil relay Astrophysics Conceptual design Fibers Instruments Optical design Optical resolving power Spectrographs 2012 0277-786X 9780819491473 8446 84462G 10.1117/12.925856 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269248 917d65b3-8111-4c93-a0b8-6cb3af900672 T. Mori aut W.J. Glover aut M.S. Schuurman aut SIMS ISSM T.J. Martinez aut text article eng We use the ab initio multiple spawning method with potential energy surfaces and nonadiabatic coupling vectors computed from multistate multireference perturbation theory (MSPT2) to follow the dynamics of ethylene after photoexcitation. We introduce an analytic formulation for the nonadiabatic coupling vector in the context of MSPT2 calculations. We explicitly include the low-lying 3s Rydberg state which has been neglected in previous ab initio molecular dynamics studies of this process. We find that although the 3s Rydberg state lies below the optically bright ππ* state, little population gets trapped on this state. Instead, the 3s Rydberg state is largely a spectator in the photodynamics, with little effect on the quenching mechanism or excited state lifetime. We predict the time-resolved photoelectron spectrum for ethylene and point out the signature of Rydberg state involvement that should be easily observed. © 2011 American Chemical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 1089-5639 116 11 3808 3818 11 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences (SIMS-ISSM) Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC (ISSM-SIMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269250 84acfe1d-19e2-4693-b9a4-5ee62a98b41f G. Wang-Pruski aut S. Babin aut P. Murphy aut F. Kong aut Y. Wu aut K. Douglass aut A. Murphy aut D. De Koeyer aut D. Pinto aut IMB IBM text article eng The potato crop is one of the four most important food crops. Since it is a cross-fertilizing, highly heterozygous, and vegetatively-propagated tetraploid species, genetic improvements through traditional breeding are slow, expensive and relatively imprecise. Also, the genetic base in existing cultivars is narrow, making them difficult to use for genetic and genomic analyses. After-cooking darkening (ACD) and enzymatic browning are the major tuber quality defects for both tablestock and processing. This study examined two candidate genes encoding cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and their functions in relation to ACD. The gene encoding C4H was first cloned from the processing cultivar 'Russet Burbank'. Its gene expression level was shown to be positively related to ACD in a variety of diploid and tetraploid samples tested. Through QTL mapping analysis, we confirmed that the c4h gene, located on chromosome 6, was in one of four QTL regions identified for ACD. PPO is well-known for its involvement in enzymatic browning. This protein was identified through our comparative proteomics study, based on its significant correlation to ACD in a diploid population. This relationship was further examined by real-time qRT-PCR in a larger genetic mapping population. A SNP marker was designed in the coding region of the ppo gene and the association mapping was successfully completed. We believe these two genes are effective candidate markers for breeding for both low ACD and enzymatic browning varieties in potatoes. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Solanum tuberosum 2012 0567-7572 9789066050488 929 237 244 8 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Marine Biosciences (IMB-IBM) Institut des biosciences marines du CNRC (IBM-IMB) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269223 c4ecf7c2-5ef5-4a1d-bdfd-8d794fab57fb A.J. McLeod aut J. Moore aut P. Lang aut D. Bainbridge aut G. Campbell aut IMI IMI D.L. Jones aut G.M. Guiraudon aut T.M. Peters aut Medical Imaging 2012: Image-Guided Procedures, Robotic Interventions, and Modeling, 5 February 2012 through 7 February 2012, San Diego, CA text article eng Conventional mitral valve replacement requires a median sternotomy and cardio-pulmonary bypass with aortic crossclamping and is associated with significant mortality and morbidity which could be reduced by performing the procedure off-pump. Replacing the mitral valve in the closed, off-pump, beating heart requires extensive development and validation of surgical and imaging techniques. Image guidance systems and surgical access for off-pump mitral valve replacement have been previously developed, allowing the prosthetic valve to be safely introduced into the left atrium and inserted into the mitral annulus. The major remaining challenge is to design a method of securely anchoring the prosthetic valve inside the beating heart. The development of anchoring techniques has been hampered by the expense and difficulty in conducting large animal studies. In this paper, we demonstrate how prosthetic valve anchoring may be evaluated in a dynamic phantom. The phantom provides a consistent testing environment where pressure measurements and Doppler ultrasound can be used to monitor and assess the valve anchoring procedures, detecting pararvalvular leak when valve anchoring is inadequate. Minimally invasive anchoring techniques may be directly compared to the current gold standard of valves sutured under direct vision, providing a useful tool for the validation of new surgical instruments. © 2012 Copyright Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Anchoring technique Animal studies Beating heart Cardiac surgery Consistent testing Doppler ultrasound Gold standards Image guidance systems Image guided surgery Left atriums Median sternotomy Minimally invasive Mitral annulus Mitral valves Surgical instrument surgical phantom Cardiovascular surgery Medical imaging Prosthetics Robotics Surgical equipment Pumps 2012 1605-7422 9780819489654 8316 83162Q 10.1117/12.911352 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Industrial Materials Institute (IMI-IMI) Institut des matériaux industriels du CNRC (IMI-IMI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269224 8310e3ea-54cd-42b1-94f3-0e6576d69835 G.M. Jones aut J. Wu aut Y. Ding aut K. Uchid aut S.-I. Aizaw aut A. Robotham aut IBS ISB S.M. Logan aut IBS ISB J. Kelly aut IBS ISB K.F. Jarrell aut text article eng N-linked glycosylation of protein is a posttranslational modification found in all three domains of life. The flagellin proteins of the archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis are known to be modified with an N-linked tetrasaccharide consisting of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), a diacetylated glucuronic acid (GlcNAc3NAc), an acetylated and acetamidino-modified mannuronic acid with a substituted threonine group (ManNAc3NAmA6Thr), and a novel terminal sugar residue [(5S)-2-acetamido-2,4-dideoxy-5-O-methyl-α-L-erythro-hexos-5-ulo-1,5-pyranose]. To identify genes involved in biosynthesis of the component sugars of this glycan, three genes, mmp1081, mmp1082, and mmp1083, were targeted for in-frame deletion, based on their annotation and proximity to glycosyltransferase genes known to be involved in assembly of the glycan. Mutants carrying a deletion in any of these three genes remained flagellated and motile. A strain with a deletion of mmp1081 had lower-molecular-mass flagellins in Western blots. Mass spectrometry of purified flagella revealed a truncated glycan with the terminal sugar absent and the threonine residue and the acetamidino group missing from the third sugar. No glycan modification was seen in either the Δmmp1082 or Δmmp1083 mutant grown in complex Balch III medium. However, a glycan identical to the Δmmp1081 glycan was observed when the Δmmp1082 or Δmmp1083 mutant was grown under ammonia-limited conditions. We hypothesize that MMP1082 generates ammonia and tunnels it through MMP1083 to MMP1081, which acts as the amidotransferase, modifying the third sugar residue of the M. maripaludis glycan with the acetamidino group. © 2012, American Society for Microbiology. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes ammonia flagellin glycan glycosyltransferase threonine article bacterial gene bacterial growth bacterium mutant carbohydrate synthesis controlled study flagellum gene deletion gene identification gene targeting mass spectrometry Methanococcus maripaludis mmp1081 gene mmp1082 gene mmp1083 gene nonhuman operon priority journal Western blotting Amino Acid Sequence Blotting, Western Carbohydrate Conformation Flagellin Gene Deletion Gene Expression Regulation, Archaeal Methanococcus Mutation Polysaccharides Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Archaea Methanococcus maripaludis 2012 0021-9193 194 10 2693 2702 10 10.1128/JB.06686-11 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269230 0761ecf8-9b64-4876-8c00-15af48aee1dc S. Ghinet aut AERO AERO H.A. Osman aut 41st International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering 2012, INTER-NOISE 2012, 19 August 2012 through 22 August 2012, New York, NY text article eng A new improved model of diffuse field acoustic transmission in symmetrical sandwich panels with thin skins and a soft core is presented in this paper. Generally, asymmetric motion is the only dynamic behaviour which is considered in the modeling of sandwich panels. Bending and membrane behaviour are considered in the skins while the core is assumed to be incompressible over the thickness and experiences only shearing deformations. This set of assumptions is suitable for structures with relatively stiff and thin cores. However, the symmetric mode of motion becomes important for panels with thick and soft cores which exhibit significant compression deformations over the thickness. In this paper, both symmetric and asymmetric modes of motion are considered numerically. Their impact on the transmission loss is addressed in the configuration of a sandwich panel with attached multilayer Noise Control Treatment (NCT). Experimental and literature results are compared with the numerical simulations using the present theoretical approach in order to prove the validity and effectiveness of this approach. Copyright © (2012) by the Institute of Noise Control Engineering (INCE). yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Compression deformation Control treatments Dynamic behaviours Membrane behaviours Shearing deformation Sound transmission loss Theoretical approach Transmission loss Acoustic variables control Deformation Sandwich structures Honeycomb structures 2012 9781627485609 8 6413 6423 11 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269236 3721471e-a16a-43a3-8608-a0877f4d942a J.A. Iwashkiw aut A. Seper aut B.S. Weber aut N.E. Scott aut E. Vinogradov aut IBS ISB C. Stratilo aut B. Reiz aut S.J. Cordwell aut R. Whittal aut S. Schild aut M.F. Feldman aut text article eng Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging cause of nosocomial infections. The isolation of strains resistant to multiple antibiotics is increasing at alarming rates. Although A. baumannii is considered as one of the more threatening "superbugs" for our healthcare system, little is known about the factors contributing to its pathogenesis. In this work we show that A. baumannii ATCC 17978 possesses an O-glycosylation system responsible for the glycosylation of multiple proteins. 2D-DIGE and mass spectrometry methods identified seven A. baumannii glycoproteins, of yet unknown function. The glycan structure was determined using a combination of MS and NMR techniques and consists of a branched pentasaccharide containing N-acetylgalactosamine, glucose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, and a derivative of glucuronic acid. A glycosylation deficient strain was generated by homologous recombination. This strain did not show any growth defects, but exhibited a severely diminished capacity to generate biofilms. Disruption of the glycosylation machinery also resulted in reduced virulence in two infection models, the amoebae Dictyostelium discoideum and the larvae of the insect Galleria mellonella, and reduced in vivo fitness in a mouse model of peritoneal sepsis. Despite A. baumannii genome plasticity, the O-glycosylation machinery appears to be present in all clinical isolates tested as well as in all of the genomes sequenced. This suggests the existence of a strong evolutionary pressure to retain this system. These results together indicate that O-glycosylation in A. baumannii is required for full virulence and therefore represents a novel target for the development of new antibiotics. © 2012 Iwashkiw et al. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes galactose glucose glucuronic acid glycan glycoprotein n acetylglucosamine pentasaccharide bacterial protein glycoprotein membrane protein polysaccharide Acinetobacter baumannii analytic method animal experiment animal model article bacterial genome bacterial growth bacterial strain bacterial virulence bacterium isolate bacterium isolation biofilm carbon nuclear magnetic resonance chromatography controlled study Dictyostelium discoideum galleria mellonella gene sequence heteronuclear single quantum coherence homologous recombination hospital infection in vivo study insect mass spectrometry matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry nonhuman protein glycosylation proton nuclear magnetic resonance sepsis tandem mass spectrometry two dimensional difference gel electrophoresis zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction chromatography Acinetobacter infection animal Bagg albino mouse confocal microscopy gene inactivation glycosylation metabolism mouse nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pathogenicity virulence Western blotting Acinetobacter baumannii Dictyostelium discoideum Galleria mellonella Hexapoda Acinetobacter baumannii Acinetobacter Infections Animals Bacterial Proteins Biofilms Blotting, Western Gene Knockout Techniques Glycoproteins Glycosylation Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Mass Spectrometry Membrane Proteins Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Microscopy, Confocal Polysaccharides Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Virulence 2012 1553-7366 8 6 e1002758 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002758 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269237 ec6c0bb8-04a0-4b25-8aba-aeb5977f2a8f B. Chakravarthy aut IBS ISB M. Ménard aut IBS ISB S. Ito aut IBS ISB C. Gaudet aut IBS ISB I. Dal Prà aut U. Armato aut J. Whitfield aut IBS ISB text article eng The pan-specific p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75 NTR) is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is involved in mediating amyloid-β (Aβ) toxicity and stimulating amyloidogenesis. In addition, we have recently shown that stimulating cultured SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells with Aβ 42 increases the level of membrane-associated p75 NTR and that Aβ 42- accumation in two strains of transgenic AD model mice is accompanied by an increased level of hippocampal membrane-associated p75 NTR (Chakravarthy et al. J Alzheimers Dis 19, 915-925, 2010). This raised an important question whether accumulating Aβ 42 in human AD is also accompanied by an increased hippocampal membrane-associated p75 NTR. In this study, using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against the p75 NTR receptor's intra-and extracellular domains, we show that indeed the mean level of membrane-associated p75 NTR in the hippocampal formation is significantly higher (~two-fold, p < 0.03) in human AD brains than in identical samples of hippocampal formation in age-matched non-AD human brains. The possible relation of this elevated hippocampal p75 NTR to AD cognitive decline is discussed. © 2012 -IOS Press and the authors. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes amyloid beta protein[1-42] neurotrophin receptor p75 adult aged Alzheimer disease article autopsy brain tissue clinical article cognition controlled study female frontal cortex hippocampus human human cell human cell culture human tissue male mouse neuroblastoma cell nonhuman priority journal Aged Aged, 80 and over Alzheimer Disease Cell Line, Tumor Cell Membrane Female Frontal Lobe Hippocampus Humans Male Middle Aged Neurons Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor Tumor Cells, Cultured 2012 1387-2877 30 3 675 684 10 10.3233/JAD-2012-120115 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269238 bcf39eff-1592-4ba5-8e39-bc6d3a11d6ca B.R. Watts aut Z. Zhang aut IMS ISM C.-Q. Xu aut text chapter eng yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 9780470626955 59 87 29 10.1002/9781118310212.ch2 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269239 4686b845-48ac-4aad-97a6-024100f82640 C.-Y. Hsieh aut IMS ISM Y.-P. Shim aut IMS ISM P. Hawrylak aut IMS ISM text article eng We present a theory of electronic properties and the spin-blockade phenomena in a gated linear triple quantum dot. Quadruple points where four different charge configurations are on resonance, particularly involving (1,1,1) configuration, are considered. In the symmetric case, the central dot is biased to higher energy and a single electron tunnels through the device when the (1,1,1) configuration is resonant with (1,0,1), (2,0,1), (1,0,2) configurations. The electronic properties of a triple quantum dot are described by a Hubbard model containing two orbitals in the two unbiased dots and a single orbital in the biased dot. The transport through the triple-quantum-dot molecule involves both singly and doubly occupied configurations and necessitates the description of the (1,1,1) configuration beyond the Heisenberg model. Exact eigenstates of the triple-quantum-dot molecule with up to three electrons are used to compute current assuming weak coupling to the leads and nonequilibrium occupation of quantum molecule states obtained from the rate equation. The intramolecular relaxation processes due to acoustic phonons and cotunneling with the leads are included, and are shown to play a crucial role in the spin-blockade effect. We find a quantum-interference-based spin-blockade phenomenon at low source-drain bias and a distinct spin blockade due to a trap state at higher bias. We also show that, for an asymmetric quadruple point with (0,1,1), (1,1,1,), (0,2,1), (0,1,2) configurations on resonance, the spin blockade is analogous to the spin blockade in a double quantum dot. ©2012 American Physical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 1098-0121 85 8 85309 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.085309 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269241 22e777d0-6c07-4ae7-be3f-1390ec29e894 M. Meshreki aut AERO AERO J. Kövecses aut H. Attia aut AERO AERO ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE 2012, 9 November 2012 through 15 November 2012, Houston, TX text article eng Accurate predictions of the workpiece vibrations during high speed machining of aerospace structural components is a critical issue since it affects the accuracy of the final part. For fixture design purposes, and for force predictions, the computational efficiency of the dynamic models predicting the workpiece vibrations is a crucial factor since it affects the cycle time for the design and optimization of the fixtures. Most of the available dynamic models are based on computationally prohibitive techniques, such as finite element analysis. In this work, an integrated approach, based on recently developed semi-analytical models, is presented for the analysis of the effect of the fixture layout on the dynamics of thin-walled structures while taking into account the continuous change of thickness of the workpiece, and the effect of rigid and deformable fixture supports. The developed approach is based on plate models with holonomic constraints and finite stiffness springs. This approach, together with all the developed models and formulations are validated numerically for different workpiece geometries and various types of loading. An experimental study has been performed to validate this approach through the machining of thin-walled components. It was found that this approach led to prediction errors within 10% and more than 20 times reduction in the computation time. The challenge of filtering the effect of the dynamics of the force measurement system from the measured signals was overcome by developing a new hybrid semi-analytical methodology for accurate measurement of the machining forces. Copyright © 2012 by ASME. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Accurate measurement Aerospace structural components Design and optimization Experimental validations High speed machining Holonomic constraints Semi-analytical model Thin walled components Dynamic models Fixtures (tooling) Forecasting Integrated control Thin walled structures Machining 2012 9780791845196 3 PARTS A, B and C 2067 2076 10 10.1115/IMECE2012-89066 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269242 3a8d8fb5-6c00-4276-9a81-f5ef210a803b B. Tougas aut C. Blais aut F. Chagnon aut S. Pelletier aut IMI IMI text article eng Powder metallurgy (PM) nickel steels are often selected because they have high strength, high impact resistance and good abrasion resistance. The microstructure of slowly cooled PM nickel steels typically contains pearlite, bainite, martensite and a fair volume fraction of retained austenite. Since volume diffusion is really low at conventional sintering temperatures [1120- 1150uC (2050-2100uF)], nickel rich areas are usually found where prior admixed nickel particles were located, i.e. at the surface of iron particles and in sintering necks. Therefore, there is a discrepancy between the rather low mechanical properties of austenite and the high strength of PM nickel steel. Hence, the hypotheses that stress induced or strain induced martensite formation takes place during mechanical testing have been investigated. Results show that martensite forms during mechanical testing, and its final volume fraction is proportional to nickel content. © 2013 Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Conventional sintering High impact resistance Iron Particles Nickel particles Strain-induced martensite Stress-induced Volume diffusion Volume fraction of retained austenite Martensite Mechanical properties Mechanical testing Nickel Optical microscopy Phase transitions Sintering Steel Powder metallurgy 2012 0032-5899 55 5 348 353 6 10.1179/1743290112Y.0000000014 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Industrial Materials Institute (IMI-IMI) Institut des matériaux industriels du CNRC (IMI-IMI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269243 f79d3c5e-62c5-4734-85c0-62082ed1b3a0 A. Prakash aut M. Hewko aut IBD IBD M. Sowa aut IBD IBD S. Sherif aut Photonics North 2012, 6 June 2012 through 8 June 2012, Montreal, QC text article eng Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease continues to be one of the major causes of mortality. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease are dependent on the detection of high risk atherosclerotic plaque. As age is one of the most important risk factors, atherosclerosis worsens steadily with increasing age. Automatic characterization of atherosclerotic plaque using the optical coherence tomography (OCT) images provides a powerful tool to classify patients with high risk plaque. In this study we develop an automatic classifier to detect atherosclerotic plaque in young and old Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits, using OCT images without reliance on visual inspection. Our classifier based on texture analysis technique may provide an efficient tool for detecting invisible changes in tissue structure. We extracted a set of 22 statistical textural features for each image using the spatial gray level dependence matrix (SGLDM) method. An optimal scalar feature selection process was carried to select the best discriminating features that employ the Fisher discriminant ratio (FDR) criterion, and cross correlation measure between the pairs of features. Using these optimal features, we formed a combination of 5 best classification features using an exhaustive search method. A combined feature set was finally employed for the classification of plaque. We obtained correct classification rate and validation of 76.67% and 75% respectively. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Atherosclerosis Atherosclerotic plaque Automatic classification Automatic classifiers Classification features Coronary artery disease Plaque Spatial gray level dependence matrixes Diseases Feature extraction Tissue Optical tomography 2012 0277-786X 9780819490902 8412 841204 10.1117/12.981916 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biodiagnostics (IBD-IBD) Institut du biodiagnostic du CNRC (IBD-IBD) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269244 9e54519a-b86c-47f4-8fb5-5962abd5ba51 Miyauchi Hiroyuki Miyauchi, H. aut IRC IRC Lacasse Michael A Lacasse, Michael A. aut CONST CONST Enomoto N. aut Murata S. aut Tanaka K. aut 4th Durability of Building and Construction Sealants and Adhesives, 16 June 2011 through 17 June 2011, Anaheim, CA text article eng In Japan acrylic sealants are traditionally the sealant products of choice when specified for use between autoclaved lightweight concrete (ALC) panels. Although, in general terms, the mechanisms of the deterioration of acrylic sealants are well known its long-term durability to outdoor exposure has not, however, been fully investigated. The research described in this paper focuses on the change in the properties and deterioration of acrylic sealant products when exposed to outdoor testing. The two stage project consisted of (i) on-site investigations of deteriorated acrylic sealants that had been placed in external joints of ALC-clad buildings; and (ii) outdoor exposure testing of different types of acrylic sealant in three climate regions located in Japan. The results of the work from the first stage of the study revealed the following. Two-sided adhesion joint configurations installed in deep panel ALC cladding were more reliable than three-sided adhesion joints used for thin panel ALC cladding from the viewpoint of the durability of the sealed joint installed in actual buildings. Most fractures of the sealed joint could be characterized as failure in peel (or thin layer cohesive failures), in which the sealant ruptured at the interface with the ALC substrate to which it was applied. Additionally, in 47 of 62 locations surveyed, surface cracks were apparent on the coating that had been applied to protect the sealant. The second stage of the project focused on the degree of deterioration of coated and non-coated acrylic sealants subjected to outdoor exposure testing in a cold, a warm, and a subtropical climate. Results from this stage showed that aging of the sealant, as determined by the degree of surface cracking, expectedly depended on the local temperature and the respective degree of exposure to solar radiation. It was determined that the longer the exposure period, the lower the tensile performance of the acrylic sealants. The elongation of three-sided adhesive joint configurations after 5 years exposure testing decreased remarkably and their maximum elongation was less than 50%. A significant number of sealed joints after 5 years ofexposure had ALC substrate failure yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Adhesion joints Climate regions Cohesive failures Exposure period Exposure testing Joint configuration Local temperature Outdoor exposure Outdoor testing Sealant products Subtropical climates Surface cracking Surface cracks Tensile performance Thin layers Wall panels Adhesion Adhesive joints Adhesives Concrete products Concrete testing Construction Deterioration Durability Interfaces (materials) Sun Surface defects Walls (structural partitions) Sealants 2012-07-01 0066-0558 9780803175310 1545 STP 47 69 23 10.1520/STP154520120003 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Research in Construction Institut de recherche en construction du CNRC Construction Construction National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269226 636f11f2-e8fb-4923-91f0-93beb3a122fb J. Zhao aut H. Boley aut IIT ITI W. Du aut text article eng The necessity of dealing with uncertain knowledge has arisen from Semantic Web applications in different areas. Handling uncertainty thus becomes one of the key research directions in the Semantic Web community. This paper introduces a fuzzy logic based approach which extends the classic Description Logic with Zadeh semantics to deal with uncertain knowledge about concepts and roles as well as instances of concepts and roles. Uncertain knowledge representation and the reasoning algorithm for consistency checking of a fuzzy knowledge base are addressed in detail. This paper also discusses complexity issues of the reasoning problem. © 2012 Springer-Verlag GmbH Berlin Heidelberg. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 1860-949X 9783642275333 399 167 181 15 10.1007/978-3-642-27534-0_11 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Information Technology (IIT-ITI) Institut de technologie de l'information du CNRC (ITI-IIT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269154 113c4e9d-51c1-4cf1-9022-78baf72eeede S. Fathololoumi aut IMS ISM E. Dupont aut IMS ISM Z.R. Wasilewski aut IMS ISM G. Aers aut IMS ISM S.R. Laframboise aut IMS ISM M. Lindskog aut A. Wacker aut D. Ban aut H.C. Liu aut IMS ISM 2012 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2012, 6 May 2012 through 11 May 2012, San Jose, CA text article eng A novel terahertz quantum cascade laser, based on consecutive phonon-photon-phonon emissions, is proposed. The design procedure used a density matrix based figure-of-merit and a generic algorithm approach; the fabricated device lased up to 138 K. © 2012 OSA. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Density matrix Design procedure Fabricated device Generic algorithm Terahertz quantum-cascade lasers Computer programming Phonons Quantum cascade lasers Lasers 2012 9781467318396 6325968 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269157 ccf68b51-2b1f-4ddd-aab7-65a635d8e01d M.L. Turner aut P. Côté aut HIA IHA L. Ferrarese aut HIA IHA A. Jordán aut J.P. Blakeslee aut HIA IHA S. Mei aut E.W. Peng aut M.J. West aut text article eng The Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) Fornax Cluster Survey is a Hubble Space Telescope program to image 43 early-type galaxies in the Fornax cluster, using the F475W and F850LP bandpasses of the ACS. We employ both one-dimensional and two-dimensional techniques to characterize the properties of the stellar nuclei in these galaxies, defined as the central "luminosity excesses", relative to a Sersic model fitted to the underlying host. We find 72% ± 13% of our sample (31 galaxies) to be nucleated, with only three of the nuclei offset by more than 05 from their galaxy photocenter, and with the majority of nuclei having colors bluer than their hosts. The nuclei are observed to be larger, and brighter, than typical Fornax globular clusters and to follow different structural scaling relations. A comparison of our results to those from the ACS Virgo Cluster Survey reveals striking similarities in the properties of the nuclei belonging to these different environments. We briefly review a variety of proposed formation models and conclude that, for the low-mass galaxies in our sample, the most important mechanism for nucleus growth is probably infall of star clusters through dynamical friction, while for higher mass galaxies, gas accretion triggered by mergers, accretions, and tidal torques is likely to dominate, with the relative importance of these two processes varying smoothly as a function of galaxy mass. Some intermediate-mass galaxies in our sample show a complexity in their inner structure that may be the signature of the "hybrid nuclei" that arose through parallel formation channels. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0067-0049 203 1 5 10.1088/0067-0049/203/1/5 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269160 2b097a9d-ff8e-469f-a1cf-341923b625b6 G. Rinaldi aut AERO AERO T. Huber aut H. McIntosh aut IMS ISM L. Lebrun aut IMS ISM H. Ding aut IMS ISM J. Weber aut IMS ISM text article eng Aircraft routinely operate in atmospheric environments that, over time, will impact their structural integrity. Material protection and selection schemes notwithstanding, recurrent exposure to chlorides, pollution, temperature gradients, and moisture provide the necessary electrochemical conditions for the development and profusion of corrosion in aircraft structures. For aircraft operators, this becomes an important safety matter as corrosion found in a given aircraft must be assumed to be present in all of that type of aircraft. This safety protocol and its associated unscheduled maintenance requirement drive up the operational costs of the fleet and limit the availability of the aircraft. Hence, there is an opportunity at present for developing novel sensing technologies and schemes to aid in shifting time-based maintenance schedules towards condition-based maintenance procedures. In this work, part of the ongoing development of a multiparameter integrated corrosion sensor is presented. It consists of carbon nanotube/polyaniline polymer sensors and commercial-off-the-shelf sensors. It is being developed primarily for monitoring environmental and material factors for the purpose of providing a means to more accurately assess the structural integrity of aerospace aluminium alloys through fusion of multiparameter sensor data. Preliminary experimental test results are presented for chloride ion concentration, hydrogen gas evolution, humidity variations, and material degradation. Copyright © 2012 Gino Rinaldi et al. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 1687-5966 684024 10.1155/2012/684024 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269164 e322bfb3-32ed-4507-a481-c4a1791f59e8 D.Y. Kim aut HHT TSH H. Kandalaft aut HHT TSH W. Ding aut HHT TSH S. Ryan aut HHT TSH H. Van Faassen aut HHT TSH T. Hirama aut HHT TSH S.J. Foote aut HHT TSH R. MacKenzie aut HHT TSH J. Tanha aut HHT TSH text article eng To enhance their therapeutic potential, human antibody heavy chain variable domains (VHs) would benefit from increased thermostability. The highly conserved disulfide linkage that connects Cys23 and Cys104 residues in the core of VH domains is crucial to their stability and function. It has previously been shown that the introduction of a second disulfide linkage can increase the thermostability of camelid heavy-chain antibody variable domains (VHHs). Using four model domains we demonstrate that this strategy is also applicable to human VH domains. The introduced disulfide linkage, formed between Cys54 and Cys78 residues, increased the thermostability of VHs by 1418°C. In addition, using a novel hexa-histidine capture technology, circular dichroism, turbidity, size exclusion chromatography and multiangle light scattering measurements, we demonstrate reduced VH aggregation in domains with the Cys54Cys78 disulfide linkage. However, we also found that the engineered disulfide linkage caused conformational changes, as indicated by reduced binding of the VHs to protein A. This indicates that it may be prudent to use the synthetic VH libraries harboring the engineered disulfide linkage before screening for affinity reagents. Such strategies may increase the number of thermostable binders. © 2012 The Author. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Affinity reagents Biophysical properties Conformational change Disulfide linkages Heavy chain Heavy-chain antibodies Human antibodies Model domains Multi-angle light scatterings Therapeutic potentials thermostability Variable domain Agglomeration Amino acids Antibodies Libraries Turbidity Sulfur compounds antibody cysteine disulfide heavy chain antibody variable domain protein A unclassified drug amino acid substitution article Artiodactyla binding affinity biophysics circular dichroism covalent bond disulfide linkage gel permeation chromatography human mass spectrometry molecular cloning priority journal protein engineering protein expression thermostability turbidity Amino Acid Sequence Amino Acid Substitution Disulfides Humans Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains Immunoglobulin Variable Region Molecular Sequence Data Protein Conformation Protein Engineering Protein Stability Sequence Alignment Temperature Camelidae 2012 1741-0126 25 10 581 589 9 10.1093/protein/gzs055 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Human Health Therapeutics (HHT-TSH) Thérapeutiques en santé humaine (TSH-HHT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269166 058a7ad7-aa5d-46f3-bb92-5b6891a2747d S.P. O'Sullivan aut S. Brown aut T. Robishaw aut HIA IHA D.H.F.M. Schnitzeler aut N.M. Mcclure-Griffiths aut I.J. Feain aut A.R. Taylor aut B.M. Gaensler aut T.L. Landecker aut HIA IHA L. Harvey-Smith aut E. Carretti aut text article eng We present a detailed study of the Faraday depth structure of four bright (>1 Jy), strongly polarized, unresolved radio-loud quasars. The Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) was used to observe these sources with 2 GHz of instantaneous bandwidth from 1.1 to 3.1 GHz. This allowed us to spectrally resolve the polarization structure of spatially unresolved radio sources, and by fitting various Faraday rotation models to the data, we conclusively demonstrate that two of the sources cannot be described by a simple rotation measure (RM) component modified by depolarization from a foreground Faraday screen. Our results have important implications for using background extragalactic radio sources as probes of the Galactic and intergalactic magneto-ionic media as we show how RM estimations from narrow-bandwidth observations can give erroneous results in the presence of multiple interfering Faraday components. We postulate that the additional RM components arise from polarized structure in the compact inner regions of the radio source itself and not from polarized emission from galactic or intergalactic foreground regions. We further suggest that this may contribute significantly to any RM time variability seen in RM studies on these angular scales. Follow-up, high-sensitivity very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of these sources will directly test our predictions. © 2012 CSIRO. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2012 RAS. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0035-8711 421 4 3300 3315 16 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20554.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269167 05e0b03f-5e88-4e8c-b5e8-4056127c69e6 J. Zhang aut IBS ISB C.R. MacKenzie aut IBS ISB text article eng Antigen-binding fragments, such as single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), can now be readily isolated by in vitro technologies. Antibody fragment libraries derived from immune or nonimmune sources are presented in a molecular display format, typically phage display, and binders to individual antigens are selected from the libraries by a so-called panning process. Nonimmune libraries can serve as sources of binders to a wide range of targets but yield antigen-binding fragments that generally have much lower affinities than those obtained from immune sources. Here we describe a strategy for constructing pentameric sdAbs termed pentabodies. Pentamerization introduces avidity which can greatly enhance the binding of low affinity sdAbs to antigens presented on surfaces. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion molecule 1 nanobody pentabody ES1 plasmid vector unclassified drug nanobody antigen binding antigen recognition article carcinoma cell controlled study drug purification drug synthesis gene expression human human cell nucleotide sequence phage display priority journal amino acid sequence animal Artiodactyla cell surface display chemistry gene expression gene library gene order genetics immunoglobulin variable region immunology methodology molecular genetics protein binding tumor cell line Amino Acid Sequence Animals Camelids, New World Cell Line, Tumor Cell Surface Display Techniques Gene Expression Gene Library Gene Order Humans Immunoglobulin Variable Region Molecular Sequence Data Protein Binding Single-Domain Antibodies 2012 1064-3745 9781617799679 911 445 456 12 10.1007/978-1-61779-968-6-27 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269170 b82ea504-ebdc-41a0-82c8-969f6e608e89 K.O. Johswich aut J. Zhou aut D.K.S. Law aut S.F. St. Michael aut IBS ISB S.E. McCaw aut F.B. Jamieson aut A.D. Cox aut IBS ISB R.S.W. Tsang aut S.D. Gray-Owen aut text article eng The capsule of Neisseria meningitidis is the major virulence factor that enables this bacterium to overcome host immunity elicited by complement and phagocytes, rendering it capable of surviving in blood. As such, nonencapsulated N. meningitidis isolates are generally considered nonpathogenic. Here, we consider the inherent virulence of two nonencapsulated N. meningitidis isolates obtained from our national surveillance of infected blood cultures in Canada. Capsule deficiency of both strains was confirmed by serology and PCR for the ctrA to ctrD genes and siaA to siaC genes, as well as siaD genes specific to serogroups B, C, Y, and W135. In both strains, the capsule synthesis genes were replaced by the capsule null locus, cnl-2. In accordance with a lack of capsule, both strains were fully susceptible to killing by both human and baby rabbit complement. However, in the presence of cytidine-5' monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NANA), allowing for lipooligosaccharide (LOS) sialylation, a significant increase of resistance to complement killing was observed. Mass spectrometry of purified LOS did not reveal any uncommon modifications that would explain their invasive phenotype. Finally, in a mouse intraperitoneal challenge model, these nonencapsulated isolates displayed enhanced virulence relative to an isogenic mutant of serogroup B strain MC58 lacking capsule (MC58ΔsiaD). Virulence of all nonencapsulated isolates tested was below that of encapsulated serogroup B strains MC58 and B16B6. However, whereas no mortality was observed with MC58ΔsiaD, 5/10 mice succumbed to infection with strain 2275 and 2/11 mice succumbed to strain 2274. Our results suggest the acquisition of a new virulence phenotype by these nonencapsulated strains. © 2012, American Society for Microbiology. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes cytidine phosphate n acetylneuraminic acid lipooligosaccharide animal experiment animal model article bacterial gene bacterial membrane bacterial strain bacterial virulence bacterium isolate blood culture Canada controlled study gene locus mass spectrometry meningococcosis mortality mouse Neisseria meningitidis nonhuman phenotype polymerase chain reaction priority journal serology sialylation Animals Bacterial Capsules Canada Complement System Proteins Disease Models, Animal Female Genes, Bacterial Humans Male Meningococcal Infections Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Neisseria meningitidis Peritonitis Polymerase Chain Reaction Rabbits Serotyping Survival Analysis Virulence Factors 2012 0019-9567 80 7 2346 2353 8 10.1128/IAI.00293-12 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269174 946c9c19-0687-45a0-99c7-32de2b75d0d5 S. Yandt aut AERO AERO X.-J. Wu aut AERO AERO N. Tsuno aut A. Sato aut text chapter eng In this study, compressive dwell (C-D) and no-dwell (N-D) lowcycle fatigue (LCF) behaviours of several single crystal Ni-base superalloys, including CMSX-4, LSC-11 and LSC-15, were studied under strain-controlled zero-compression (R, = -co) loading at 1100°C. LSC-11 and LSC-15 are new alloys developed by IHI Corporation, Japan with 0.8 wt% Re and without Re addition, respectively, as reduced-cost alternatives to the second generation single crystal Ni-base superalloys. The fatigue experiments were conducted with or without a two-minute dwell (hold) in compression and total strain ranges of 0.7%, 0.6% and 0.5% on uncoated specimens in the [001] orientation. Examination of the cyclic stress-strain behavior revealed that the initially compressive mean stress relaxed to approximately zero stress in N-D tests, while compressive hold resulted in the development of a tensile mean stress during C-D fatigue. Cyclic stress softening was observed under all test conditions. Microstructural analysis of tested specimens showed that N-D fatigue promoted isotropic coarsening of the γ' precipitates, while C-D loading resulted in the formation of discontinuous γ' rafting parallel to the loading direction. Fatigue cracks initiated from the specimen surface from regions of localized oxide attack. All alloys were compressive dwell sensitive. C-D fatigue lives were 4-15x shorter than N-D when the same alloys were considered. CMSX-4 exhibited 1.5-3* N-D fatigue life advantage over alloys LSC-11 and LSC-15. Under C-D fatigue the life advantage of CMSX-4 was 20-50% greater than alloys LSC-11 and LSC-15. The differences in these behaviours could be attributed to Re content and oxidation. © 2012 The Minerals, Metals, & Materials Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 9780470943205 501 508 8 10.1002/9781118516430.ch55 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269181 70a5d643-fd75-403b-bc54-626b1dde8af4 J.A. Green aut N.M. McClure-Griffiths aut J.L. Caswell aut T. Robishaw aut HIA IHA L. Harvey-Smith aut text article eng We present the pilot results of the 'MAGMO' project, targeted observations of ground-state hydroxyl masers towards sites of 6.7-GHz methanol maser emission in the Carina-Sagittarius spiral arm tangent, Galactic longitudes 280° to 295°. The 'MAGMO' project aims to determine if Galactic magnetic fields can be traced with Zeeman splitting of masers associated with star formation. Pilot observations of 23 sites of methanol maser emission were made, with the detection of ground-state hydroxyl masers towards 11 of these and six additional offset sites. Of these 17 sites, nine are new detections of sites of 1665-MHz maser emission, three of them accompanied by 1667-MHz emission. More than 70 per centof the maser features have significant circular polarization, whilst only ~10 per cent have significant linear polarization (although some features with up to 100 per cent linear polarization are found). We find 11 Zeeman pairs across six sites of high-mass star formation with implied magnetic field strengths between -1.5 and +3.8 mG and a median field strength of +1.6 mG. Our measurements of Zeeman splitting imply that a coherent field orientation is experienced by the maser sites across a distanc of 5.3 ± 2.0 kpc within the Carina-Sagittarius spiral arm tangent. © 2012 CSIRO. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0035-8711 425 4 2530 2547 18 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21722.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269182 e0a8856b-08dc-453e-a389-71272953e0c2 G. Hussack aut IBS ISB M. Arbabi-Ghahroudi aut IBS ISB C.R. MacKenzie aut IBS ISB J. Tanha aut IBS ISB text article eng Camelidae single-domain antibodies (VHHs) are a unique class of small binding proteins that are promising inhibitors of targets relevant to infection and immunity. With VHH selection from hyperimmunized phage display libraries now routine and the fact that VHHs possess long, extended complementarity- determining region (CDR3) loop structures that can access traditionally immunosilent epitopes, VHH-based inhibition of targets such as bacterial toxins are being explored. Toxin A and toxin B are high molecular weight exotoxins (308 kDa and 269 kDa, respectively) secreted by Clostridium difficile that are the causative agents of C. difficile-associated diseases in humans and in animals. Here, we provide protocols for the rapid generation of C. difficile toxin A-and toxin B-specific VHHs by llama immunization and recombinant antibody/phage display technology approaches and for further characterization of the VHHs with respect to toxin-binding affinity and specificity and the conformational nature of their epitopes. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Clostridium difficile toxin A Clostridium difficile toxin B epitope nanobody recombinant antibody bacterial toxin epitope immunoglobulin G immunoglobulin heavy chain immunoglobulin M animal experiment antibody affinity antibody production antibody specificity article binding affinity camel Clostridium difficile complementarity determining region human immunization male molecular weight nonhuman priority journal animal Artiodactyla blood cell surface display immunology isolation and purification peptide library Animals Antibody Affinity Antibody Specificity Bacterial Toxins Camelids, New World Cell Surface Display Techniques Clostridium difficile Epitopes Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains Immunoglobulin M Male Peptide Library Single-Domain Antibodies 2012 1064-3745 9781617799679 911 211 239 29 10.1007/978-1-61779-968-6-14 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269183 2cfdb556-99b4-40c8-8adc-f847c3b640f7 Michael (Mike) Spanner Spanner, Michael aut SIMS ISSM Serguei Patchkovskii aut SIMS ISSM Eugene Frumker aut Paul B Corkum Corkum, Paul aut text article eng Two mechanisms of two-color (ω+2ω) laser-induced field-free molecular orientation, based on the hyperpolarizability and ionization depletion, are explored and compared. The CO molecule is used as a computational example. While the hyperpolarizability mechanism generates small amounts of orientation at intensities below the ionization threshold, ionization depletion quickly becomes the dominant mechanism as soon as ionizing intensities are reached. Only the ionization mechanism leads to substantial orientation (e.g., on the order of cosθ0.1). For intensities typical of laser-induced molecular alignment and orientation experiments, the two mechanisms lead to robust, characteristic timings of the field-free orientation wave-packet revivals relative to the alignment revivals and the revival time. The revival timings can be used to detect the active orientation mechanism experimentally. yes yes CO molecule Dominant mechanism Field-free orientation Hyper-polarizability Ionization mechanisms Ionization thresholds Laser induced Orientation mechanism Two-color Ionization Molecular orientation 2012 0031-9007 109 11 113001 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.113001 NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269184 df0d4079-a8a3-4263-bda1-3cb10df29b58 R.R. Ransom aut N. Bartel aut M.F. Bietenholz aut HIA IHA D.E. Lebach aut J.-F. Lestrade aut M.I. Ratner aut I.I. Shapiro aut text article eng We present a physical interpretation for the locations of the sources of radio emission in IM Pegasi (IMPeg, HR8703), the guide star for the NASA/Stanford relativity mission Gravity Probe B. This emission is seen in each of our 35 epochs of 8.4 GHz very long baseline interferometry observations taken from 1997 to 2005. We found that the mean position of the radio emission is at or near the projected center of the primary to within about 27% of its radius, identifying this active star as the radio emitter. The positions of the radio brightness peaks are scattered across the disk of the primary and slightly beyond, preferentially along an axis with position angle, P.A.= -38° ± 8°, which is closely aligned with the sky projections of the orbit normal (P.A.= -495 ± 86) and the expected spin axis of the primary. Comparison with simulations suggests that brightness peaks are 3.6 +0.4 - 0.7 times more likely to occur (per unit surface area) near the pole regions of the primary (latitude, |λ| ≥ 70°) than near the equator (|λ| ≤ 20°), and to also occur close to the surface with 2/3 of them at altitudes not higher than 25% of the radius of the primary. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0067-0049 201 1 6 10.1088/0067-0049/201/1/6 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269185 43f2f664-0e68-4ec3-b135-56d1c28d97c5 C. Correia aut HIA IHA J.-P. Véran aut HIA IHA G. Herriot aut HIA IHA text article eng Vibration suppression in astronomical adaptive optics (AO) systems has gathered great attention in the context of next-generation instrumentation for current telescopes and future Extremely Large Telescopes. Laser tomographic AO systems require natural guide stars to measure the low-order modes such as tip-tilt (TT) and TT-anisoplanatism. To increase the sky coverage, the guide stars are often faint, thus requiring lower temporal sampling frequencies to work on a more favorable signal-to-noise regime. Such sampling frequencies can be of the order of, or even lower than, the range of frequencies where vibrations are likely to appear. Ideally, vibrations affecting the loworder modes could be corrected at the higher laser loop frame rate using an upsampling procedure. This paper compares the most relevant solutions proposed hitherto to a novel multirate algorithm using the linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) approach capable of upsampling the correction to further reduce the impact of vibrations. Results from numerical Monte Carlo simulations span a large range of parameters from pure sinusoids to relatively broad peak vibrations, covering the likely-to-be signals in a realistic AO system. The improvement is shown at sampling frequencies from 20 to 800 Hz, including below the vibration itself, in the example of 29.5 Hz on a Thirty Meter Telescope-like scenario. The multirate LQG ensures the least residual for both faint and bright stars for all the peak widths considered based on telemetry from the Keck Observatory. © 2012 Optical Society of America. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Adaptive optics systems Extremely Large Telescopes Frame rate Guide star Keck observatory Linear quadratic Gaussian Monte Carlo Simulation Multi rate Multi-rate algorithm Natural guide star Peak vibrations Peak widths Sampling frequencies Signal to noise Sky coverage Temporal sampling Tip-tilt Tomographic Upsampling Vibration suppression Algorithms Monte Carlo methods Stars Telescopes Optical telescopes 2012 1084-7529 29 3 185 194 10 10.1364/JOSAA.29.000185 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269187 eb32e642-68db-4632-aca4-c4921bb8592f D.E. Lebach aut N. Bartel aut M.F. Bietenholz aut R.M. Campbell aut D. Gordon aut J.I. Lederman aut J.-F. Lestrade aut R.R. Ransom aut HIA IHA M.I. Ratner aut I.I. Shapiro aut text article eng When very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations are used to determine the position or motion of a radio source relative to reference sources nearby on the sky, the astrometric information is usually obtained via (1) phase-referenced maps or (2) parametric model fits to measured fringe phases or multiband delays. In this paper, we describe a "merged" analysis technique which combines some of the most important advantages of these other two approaches. In particular, our merged technique combines the superior model-correction capabilities of parametric model fits with the ability of phase-referenced maps to yield astrometric measurements of sources that are too weak to be used in parametric model fits. We compare the results from this merged technique with the results from phase-referenced maps and from parametric model fits in the analysis of astrometric VLBI observations of the radio-bright star IMPegasi (HR8703) and the radio source B2252+172 nearby on the sky. In these studies we use central-core components of radio sources 3C454.3 and B2250+194 as our positional references. We obtain astrometric results for IMPeg with our merged technique even when the source is too weak to be used in parametric model fits, and we find that our merged technique yields astrometric results superior to the phase-referenced mapping technique. We used our merged technique to estimate the proper motion and other astrometric parameters of IMPeg in support of the NASA/Stanford Gravity Probe B mission. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0067-0049 201 1 4 10.1088/0067-0049/201/1/4 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269188 03bc11bf-2b28-4643-9d8b-eed06b872acf K. Tezuka aut T. Taguchi aut S. Alavi aut SIMS ISSM A.K. Sum aut R. Ohmura aut text article eng This paper report analyses of thermodynamic stability of structure-H clathrate hydrates formed with methane and large guest molecules in terms of their gas phase molecular sizes and molar masses for the selection of a large guest molecule providing better hydrate stability. We investigated the correlation among the gas phase molecular sizes, the molar masses of large molecule guest substances, and the equilibrium pressures. The results suggest that there exists a molecular-size value for the best stability. Also, at a given molecule size, better stability may be available when the large molecule guest substance has a larger molar mass. © 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Clathrate hydrate Equilibrium pressure Gasphase Guest molecules Hydrate stabilities Large molecule guest substance Molecular properties Molecular size Molecule sizes Structure H-hydrate Gas hydrates Gases Hydration Methane Phase equilibria Thermodynamic stability Molecules 2012 1996-1073 5 2 459 465 7 10.3390/en5020459 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences (SIMS-ISSM) Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC (ISSM-SIMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269189 d4718ac2-37b3-4241-8318-9eb15cc82688 M. Spanner aut SIMS ISSM J. Mikosch aut SIMS ISSM A.E. Boguslavskiy aut SIMS ISSM M.M. Murnane aut A. Stolow aut SIMS ISSM S. Patchkovskii aut SIMS ISSM text article eng We present state-of-the-art ab initio-type computations of strong-field ionization (SFI) and the single-molecule response contribution to high-order-harmonic generation (HHG) in the polyatomic molecule N 2O 4. The numerical method uses a mixed orbital- and grid-based approach to model the multielectron bound states and single-electron continuum. The effects of ionic-core attraction and Coulomb-mediated interchannel coupling are rigorously included. We show that full-dimensionality time-dependent multielectron computations of SFI and HHG in polyatomic molecules are now feasible. The computational results indicate that (a) SFI yields in N 2O 4 are dominated by a single ionic state (the A g state), and are strongly modulated by the N-N stretch coordinate; and (b) the HHG radiating dipole as a function of the N 2O 4 N-N stretch is dominated by the same, single state. The molecular-beam coincidence measurements presented here support the computational results. Due to the differences in the estimated vibrational amplitude, however, the computations are not in full agreement with previous HHG data. ©2012 American Physical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Bound state Coincidence measurement Computational results Grid-based approach Interchannel coupling Ionic state Multi-electron Polyatomic molecular dynamics Polyatomic molecules Radiating dipole Single electron Single state Single-molecule Strong field ionization Time-dependent Vibrational amplitudes Harmonic generation Ionization Molecular dynamics 2012 1050-2947 85 3 33426 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.033426 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences (SIMS-ISSM) Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC (ISSM-SIMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269190 3d216298-0e8a-49a8-8090-2d29cbaff483 T.N. Baral aut IBS ISB S.-Y. Chao aut S. Li aut IBS ISB J. Tanha aut IBS ISB M. Arbabi-Ghahroudi aut IBS ISB J. Zhang aut IBS ISB S. Wang aut text article eng Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) derived from human V H are considered to be less soluble and prone to aggregate which makes it difficult to determine the crystal structures. In this study, we isolated and characterized two anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) sdAbs, Gr3 and Gr6, from a synthetic human V H phage display library. Size exclusion chromatography and surface plasmon resonance analyses demonstrated that Gr3 is a monomer, but that Gr6 is a strict dimer. To understand this different molecular behavior, we solved the crystal structure of Gr6 to 1.6 Å resolution. The crystal structure revealed that the homodimer assembly of Gr6 closely mimics the V H-V L heterodimer of immunoglobulin variable domains and the dimerization interface is dominated by hydrophobic interactions. © 2012 Baral et al. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes epidermal growth factor receptor 2 single domain antibody Gr3 epidermal growth factor receptor 2 single domain antibody Gr6 epidermal growth factor receptor antibody homodimer unclassified drug antibody epidermal growth factor receptor 2 HER2 protein, human article controlled study covalent bond crystal structure dimerization gel permeation chromatography hydrophobicity immunoglobulin variable region molecular cloning molecular interaction molecular library phage display protein analysis protein assembly protein isolation surface plasmon resonance thermostability amino acid sequence antibody specificity chemical phenomena chemical structure chemistry human immunology metabolism molecular genetics protein binding protein multimerization protein secondary structure protein tertiary structure solution and solubility transition temperature X ray crystallography Amino Acid Sequence Antibodies Antibody Specificity Crystallography, X-Ray Humans Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions Immunoglobulin Variable Region Models, Molecular Molecular Sequence Data Protein Binding Protein Multimerization Protein Structure, Secondary Protein Structure, Tertiary Receptor, erbB-2 Solutions Transition Temperature 2012 1932-6203 7 1 e30149 10.1371/journal.pone.0030149 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269192 613c082e-b2e3-42a1-b53e-1c73aebc5aa7 G. Hu aut IFCI IIPC R. Neagu aut IFCI IIPC Q. Wang aut IFCI IIPC Z. Zhang aut G. Li aut Y. Zheng aut text article eng A three-dimensional mathematical model of flow and heat/mass transfer coupling with chemical reactions for fuel gas and droplet combustion during reactive spraying deposition technology (RSDT) is presented in this paper. The RNG k- ε model is employed in the numerical simulation of turbulent combustion gas flow. The droplet particle is tracked and analyzed in a Lagrangian frame. The heating and vaporization histories of the injected droplet are also calculated during its movement. The three-dimensional distributions of velocity, species concentration and temperature are numerically obtained. The results indicate that the droplet will disappear over a very short distance and the vaporized fuel gas will burn immediately. Both the methods and the results described in this paper will help in the control of the final catalyst particle size and the optimization of the microstructure of the catalyst layer. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 1994-2060 6 1 134 143 10 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation (IFCI-IIPC) Institut d'innovation en piles à combustible du CNRC (IIPC-IFCI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269193 30b5b3cf-21fb-4842-9c60-1fc1c8e33b69 L. Romero-Ramírez aut I. García-Álvarez aut R. Campos-Olivas aut M. Gilbert aut HHT TSH M.-F. Goneau aut HHT TSH A. Fernández-Mayoralas aut M. Nieto-Sampedro aut text article eng Gangliosides are sialic acid containing glycosphingolipids, commonly found on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. O-acetylation of sialic acid hydroxyl groups is one of the most common modifications in gangliosides. Studies on the biological activity of O-acetylated gangliosides have been limited by their scarcity in nature. This comparatively small change in ganglioside structure causes major changes in their physiological properties. When the ganglioside GD1b was O-acetylated in the outer sialic acid, it became the potent inhibitor of astroblast and astrocytoma proliferation called Neurostatin. Although various chemical and enzymatic methods to O-acetylate commercial gangliosides have been described, O-acetylation was nonspecific and produced many side-products that reduced the yield. An enzyme with O-acetyltransferase activity (SOAT) has been previously cloned from the bacteria Campylobacter jejuni. This enzyme catalyzed the acetylation of oligosaccharide-bound sialic acid, with high specificity for terminal alpha-2,8-linked residues. Using this enzyme and commercial gangliosides as starting material, we have specifically O-acetylated the gangliosides' outer sialic acids, to produce the corresponding gangliosides specifically O-acetylated in the sialic acid bound in alpha-2,3 and alpha-2,8 residues. We demonstrate here that O-acetylation occurred specifically in the C-9 position of the sialic acid. In summary, we present a new method of specific O-acetylation of ganglioside sialic acids that permits the large scale preparation of these modified glycosphingolipids, facilitating both, the study of their mechanism of antitumoral action and their use as therapeutic drugs for treating glioblastoma multiform (GBM) patients. © 2012 Romero-Ramírez et al. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes acyltransferase antineoplastic agent cholic acid ganglioside ganglioside GD 1b glycosphingolipid neurostatin sialate transferase sialic acid transferase unclassified drug acetylation antineoplastic activity article concentration (parameters) drug determination drug structure drug synthesis hydrolysis intermethod comparison matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry molecular interaction molecular weight proton nuclear magnetic resonance Acetylation Acetyltransferases Campylobacter jejuni Carbohydrate Sequence Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Chromatography, Thin Layer Gangliosides Glycosphingolipids Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Molecular Sequence Data Recombinant Proteins Sialic Acids Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Campylobacter jejuni 2012 1932-6203 7 12 e49983 10.1371/journal.pone.0049983 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Human Health Therapeutics (HHT-TSH) Thérapeutiques en santé humaine (TSH-HHT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269194 1bc4a95f-315e-48e7-89e1-6743f520e4ac A. Laucht aut S. Pütz aut T. Günthner aut N. Hauke aut R. Saive aut S. Frédérick aut IMS ISM M. Bichler aut M.-C. Amann aut A.W. Holleitner aut M. Kaniber aut J.J. Finley aut text article eng We investigate single-photon generation from individual self-assembled InGaAs quantum dots coupled to the guided optical mode of a GaAs photonic crystal waveguide. By performing confocal microscopy measurements on single dots positioned within the waveguide, we locate their positions with a precision better than 0:5 μm. Time-resolved photoluminescence and photon autocorrelation measurements are used to prove the single-photon character of the emission into the propagating waveguide mode. The results obtained demonstrate that such nanostructures can be used to realize an on-chip, highly directed singlephoton source with single-mode spontaneous emission coupling efficiencies in excess of βΓ ~ 85% and the potential to reach maximum emission rates >1 GHz. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Autocorrelation measurement Coupling efficiency Emission rates GaAs InGaAs quantum dots On chips Optical modes Photonic crystal waveguide Self-assembled Single mode Single photon generation Single-photon source Time-resolved photoluminescence Waveguide mode Confocal microscopy Optical waveguides Waveguides Particle beams 2012 2160-3308 2 1 1 7 7 10.1103/PhysRevX.2.011014 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269195 5d4f9548-22f3-48a7-8e38-a0de539c3b77 P. Bigras aut M. Lambert aut AERO AERO C. Perron aut AERO AERO text article eng In this brief, a new formulation is proposed for the design of a robust force controller for industrial robots with closed architecture controller. A recent model, which takes into account the complete kinematics of the system and the position response of the industrial robot controller, allows this formulation. The proposed design is based on a set of nonlinear matrix inequalities, and solved by the dual iteration algorithm. The robust controller is implemented on a KUKA robot. Good results are obtained with the proposed approach. © 2011 IEEE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Dual iteration algorithm KUKA robot Linear matrix inequality (LMI) Non-linear matrix inequality Optimal design Position response Real-time implementations Robust controllers Robust force Algorithms Controllers Force control Industrial robots Industry Linear matrix inequalities Real time control Stiffness matrix Machine design 2012 1063-6536 20 2 5725140 473 479 7 10.1109/TCST.2011.2112661 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269196 271c1e15-4eaf-40d6-9a22-a8ac787c5a51 R.R. Ransom aut HIA IHA N. Bartel aut M.F. Bietenholz aut D.E. Lebach aut J.I. Lederman aut P. Luca aut M.I. Ratner aut I.I. Shapiro aut text article eng We used 8.4GHz very long baseline interferometry images obtained at up to 35 epochs between 1997 and 2005 to examine the radio structures of the main reference source, 3C 454.3, and two secondary reference sources, B2250+194 and B2252+172, for the guide star for the NASA/Stanford relativity mission Gravity Probe B (GP-B). For one epoch in 2004 May, we also obtained images at 5.0 and 15.4GHz. The 35 8.4GHz images for quasar 3C 454.3 confirm a complex, evolving, core-jet structure. We identified at each epoch a component, C1, near the easternmost edge of the core region. Simulations of the core region showed that C1 is located, on average, 0.18 ± 0.06mas west of the unresolved "core" identified in 43GHz images. We also identified in 3C 454.3 at 8.4GHz several additional components that moved away from C1 with proper motions ranging in magnitude between 0.9 c and 5 c. The detailed motions of the components exhibit two distinct bends in the jet axis located 3 and 5.5mas west of C1. The spectra between 5.0 and 15.4GHz for the "moving" components are steeper than those for C1. The 8.4GHz images of B2250+194 and B2252+172, in contrast to those of 3C 454.3, reveal compact structures. The spectrum between 5.0 and 15.4GHz for B2250+194 is inverted while that for B2252+172 is flat. Based on its position near the easternmost edge of the 8.4GHz radio structure, close spatial association with the 43GHz core, and relatively flat spectrum, we believe 3C 454.3 component C1 to be the best choice for the ultimate reference point for the GP-B guide star. The compact structures and inverted-to-flat spectra of B2250+194 and B2252+172 make these objects valuable secondary reference sources. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0067-0049 201 1 2 10.1088/0067-0049/201/1/2 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269197 378d55ad-4ff6-4f08-96e1-d4c9f5e14dff X. Cai aut F. Shadmehri aut M. Hojjati aut AERO AERO J. Chen aut AERO AERO S. Van Hoa aut 2012 SAMPE International Symposium and Exhibition - Emerging Opportunities: Materials and Process Solutions, 21 May 2012 through 24 May 2012, Baltimore, MD text article eng In this study, thermoplastic composite (AS4/APC-2) rings were fabricated using automated fiber placement technique. To compare the quality of the rings under different process conditions, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test was conducted to investigate the crystallinity level in the samples. Short-beam shear test was performed to demine the interlaminar shear strength. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique was used to measure ultimate through-the-thickness strain. Microscopic photos were used to determine the failure mode. Based on the short-beam strength results, Taguchi method was employed to identify the significance of each process parameters and to obtain the optimum process conditions. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Crystallinities Digital image correlations Fiber placement Interlaminar shear strength Microscopic photos Optimum process conditions Process condition Process parameters Shear tests Thermoplastic composite Differential scanning calorimetry Exhibitions Taguchi methods Thermoplastics Composite materials Assembly Calorimetry Composites Failure Tensile Strength Thermoplastics 2012 9781934551127 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269198 29e3178a-c183-4b42-8478-cdc03bb231e1 A. Potapov aut M. Stepanova aut NINT INNT text article eng Understanding the physical mechanisms behind the folding and conformational dynamics of biomolecules is one of the major unsolved challenges of soft matter theory. In this contribution, a theoretical framework for biomolecular dynamics is introduced, employing selected aspects of statistical mechanics, dimensionality reduction, the perturbation theory, and the theory of matrices. Biomolecular dynamics is represented by time-dependent orthogonal conformational modes, the dynamics of the modes is investigated, and invariant properties that persist are identified. As an example, the dynamics of a human prion protein is considered. The theory provides a rigorous background for assessing the stable dynamical properties of biomolecules, such as their coarse-grained structure, through a multiscale approach using short subnanosecond segments of molecular dynamics trajectories. Furthermore, the paper offers a theoretical platform for models of conformational changes in macromolecules, which may allow complementing molecular dynamics simulations. ©2012 American Physical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Biomolecular dynamics Coarse-grained structure Conformational change Conformational dynamics Dimensionality reduction Dynamical properties Human prion protein Invariant properties Molecular dynamics simulations Molecular dynamics trajectories Multi-scale approaches Perturbation theory Physical mechanism Soft matter Subnanosecond Theoretical framework Time-dependent Biomolecules Molecular dynamics Statistical mechanics Dynamics 2012 1539-3755 85 2 20901 10.1103/PhysRevE.85.020901 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) National Institute for Nanotechnology (NINT-INNT) Institut national de nanotechnologie (INNT-NINT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269199 d23b9364-1662-45b9-8b52-89ed3009a399 D. Djokic aut AERO AERO P.P. Krimbalis aut G. Hay aut R. Cole aut AERO AERO J. Rogers aut AERO AERO S. Brunet aut AERO AERO SAMPE Tech 2012 Conference and Exhibition: Navigating the Global Landscape for the New Composites, 22 October 2012 through 25 October 2012, North Charleston, SC text article eng The Next Generation Large Canadarm (NGLC) ground test bed is constrained by the physical stowage volume available on future exploration vehicles. NGLC demonstrates a reduction in the launch package of a large manipulator system while maintaining reach capability through deployment and retraction. NGLC is comprised of two telescoping segments, connected by three pitch joints. The segments consist of an inner and outer boom with a lock mechanism for either position. A rail network allows relative translation of the booms. NGLC bending and torsional stiffness requirements were met through the use of composite materials and adhesive bonding. Each boom features a centre composite section bonded to two aluminum sections using a stepped-lap joint. The elimination of mechanical fasteners maximized NGLC stiffness through a reduction of the clearance required between the telescoping assemblies and an increase of the inner segment diameter. Progressive damage finite element (FE) models optimized the lay-up and predicted positive margins of safety for combined bending and torsion load cases. Continuum mechanics analysis of the bonded joint was used to predict adhesive and adherend stresses due to the applied loads. A modular bonding apparatus with constrained relative adherend translation accommodated customized bonding processes for each operation. Steel rail segments were simultaneously bonded to the composite section inner surfaces, while the composite and aluminum sections were sequentially bonded. The joint and the bonding processes were optimized for bondline thickness control and minimum void entrapment. Key challenges included maintaining dimensional tolerances over the large structure, excess adhesive management and fouling of inaccessible critical surfaces. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Bondline thickness Dimensional tolerance Finite element models Manipulator systems Mechanical fastener Progressive damage Telescoping segments Torsional stiffness Adhesive joints Aluminum Cargo handling Continuum mechanics Equipment testing Exhibitions Finite element method Optimization Robotic arms Stiffness Translation (languages) Reduction 2012 9781934551134 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269201 95c3a7c2-31f3-4ac3-bc6a-3147a3970a67 T. Bardouille aut MD DM S. Boe aut text article eng Functional connectivity measures applied to magnetoencephalography (MEG) data have the capacity to elucidate neuronal networks. However, the task-related modulation of these measures is essential to identifying the functional relevance of the identified network. In this study, we provide evidence for the efficacy of measuring "state-related" (i.e., task vs. rest) changes in MEG functional connectivity for revealing a sensorimotor network. We investigate changes in functional connectivity, measured as cortico-cortical coherence (CCC), between rest blocks and the performance of a visually directed motor task in a healthy cohort. Task-positive changes in CCC were interpreted in the context of any concomitant modulations in spectral power. Task-related increases in whole-head CCC relative to the resting state were identified between areas established as part of the sensorimotor network as well as frontal eye fields and prefrontal cortices, predominantly in the beta and gamma frequency bands. This study provides evidence for the use of MEG to identify task-specific functionally connected sensorimotor networks in a non-invasive, patient friendly manner. © 2012 Bardouille, Boe. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes adult anatomical variation article beta rhythm brain function electroencephalogram female frontal eye field functional assessment gamma rhythm human human experiment image analysis image display magnetoencephalography male motor performance neuroimaging normal human prefrontal cortex rest sensorimotor function task performance visual feedback Adult Brain Brain Mapping Cues Female Humans Magnetoencephalography Male Nerve Net Psychomotor Performance Reproducibility of Results Rest Visual Perception Young Adult 2012 1932-6203 7 10 e48682 10.1371/journal.pone.0048682 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Medical Devices (MD-DM) Dispositifs médicaux (DM-MD) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269202 404ba69f-1e3f-4f3d-87f7-84b2ca9a3ba5 Toshihiro Suzuki aut MSS SME Ralph Edward Sturgeon Sturgeon, Ralph E. aut MSS SME Chengbin Zheng aut Akiharu Hioki aut Tetsuya Nakazato aut Hiroaki Tao aut text article eng By exposure to appropriate UV intensities, rapid and quantitative oxidation/reduction of inorganic selenite, selenate and several organoselenium compounds representative of those of biochemical/metabolic interest, including selenomethionine, selenobetaine, L-selenocystine, selenomethylselenocysteine, γ-glutamyl-seleno-methylselenocysteine and selenocystamine, is achieved. In the presence of acetic acid, quantitative conversion to volatile SeH₂ and SeCO occurs using a flow-through system comprising a highly efficient 40 W UV lamp for oxidation in tandem with a lower power 8 W UV photocatalytic reactor utilizing a thin-film coating of titania. The volatile reduced species are detected by atomic absorption spectrometry using a heated quartz tube atomizer. Direct photochemical conversion of selenite, selenomethionine, L-selenocystine, γ-glutamyl-Se-methylselenocysteine and selenocystamine occurs in the presence of 5% acetic acid, following exposure to an 8 W UV field, to yield volatile detectable species, whereas selenobetaine and selenate are unresponsive unless the latter is first subjected to oxidation by exposure to a highly efficient 40 W UV lamp and the selenate reduced in the presence of titania. © The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0910-6340 28 8 807 811 5 10.2116/analsci.28.807 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269203 286b3dad-577d-43e0-8941-753abf0e21a5 Taofiq Al-Faesly aut Dan Palermo aut Ioan Nistor aut Andrew M Cornett Cornett, Andrew aut CHC CHC text article eng This paper presents the results of a comprehensive experimental program focused on the impact of extreme hydrodynamic forces on structural models generated by a turbulent hydraulic bore. The parameters investigated include: (1) bore depth-time history; (2) initial flume-bed conditions (dry bed versus wet); and (3) damping effect of mitigation walls on the hydrodynamic forces. At impact, the maximum inundation (bore) depths varied between 250 mm and 450 mm and the bore front velocity ranged from 2.6 m/s to 5.0 m/s. High-speed video recordings of the bore-structural model interaction were captured simultaneously with the base shear force-, pressure-, base overturning moment-, and top lateral displacement-time histories experienced by the structural models. Three force components were identified in the bore-induced force-time histories: impulsive, run-up (transient hydrodynamic force), and quasi-steady hydrodynamic. The impulsive or run-up force was the maximum force component experienced by the structural models under initial dry-bed flume conditions; while for the initial wet-bed flume condition, the run-up force component was the maximum force. The effect of 100 mm and 150 mm low-height mitigation walls inclined at angles of 45° or 90°, which were installed at distances of 305 mm or 915 mm upstream from the structural model, was also investigated. The angle of inclination of the mitigation walls, its location relative to the structural model, and its cross-sectional shape all influence the base shear force- and base overturning moment-time histories. The base shear forces in the direction of the flow measured during experimental testing were greater than those estimated using the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) document P646, while the Structural Design Method of Buildings for Tsunami Resistance (SMBTR) overestimated the base shear forces. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Cross-sectional shape Displacement-time history Experimental modeling Experimental program Experimental testing Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA P646 Hydrodynamic forces Flow velocity Hydrodynamics Model structures Structural design Tsunamis Video recording Walls (structural partitions) Shear flow 2012 2041-4196 3 4 477 506 30 10.1260/2041-4196.3.4.477 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Canadian Hydraulics Centre Centre d'hydraulique canadien du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269205 b8f972db-66c1-43d4-89dd-04d7276df948 R.A. Ronny aut G.K. Knopf aut E. Bordatchev aut AUTO AUTO M. Tauhiduzzaman aut AUTO AUTO S. Nikumb aut AUTO AUTO Micromachining and Microfabrication Process Technology XVII, 24 January 2012 through 26 January 2012, San Francisco, CA text article eng Edge-lit backlighting has been used extensively for a variety of small and medium-sized liquid crystal displays (LCDs). The shape, density and spatial distribution pattern of the micro-optical elements imprinted on the surface of the flat light-guide panel (LGP) are often "optimized" to improve the overall brightness and luminance uniformity. A similar concept can be used to develop interior convenience lighting panels and exterior tail lamps for automotive applications. However, costly diffusive sheeting and brightness enhancement films are not be considered for these applications because absolute luminance uniformity and the minimization of Moiré fringe effects are not significant factors in assessing quality of automotive lighting. A new design concept that involves micromilling cylindrical micro-optical elements on optically transparent plastic substrates is described in this paper. The variable parameter that controls illumination over the active regions of the panel is the depth of the individual cylindrical micro-optical elements. LightToolsTM is the optical simulation tool used to explore how changing the micro-optical element depth can alter the local and global luminance. Numerical simulation and microfabrication experiments are performed on several (100mmx100mmx6mm) polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) test samples in order to verify the illumination behavior. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Active regions Automotive applications Automotive light panels Automotive lighting Edge lighting Fringe-effects Light guide panels Lighting panels Luminance uniformity Micro milling Micro-optical elements Micromachined New design Optical light Optical simulation Spatial distribution patterns Test samples Transparent plastics Variable parameters Composite micromechanics Diffractive optics Lighting Liquid crystal displays Microanalysis Microfabrication Microoptics Milling (machining) Optical fibers Micromachining 2012 1605-7422 9780819488916 8248 824806 10.1117/12.908202 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Automotive (AUTO-AUTO) Automobile (AUTO-AUTO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269206 570a6190-a754-43f9-aea5-bac643e75ec1 Z. Wang aut N. Hobson aut L. Galindo aut S. Zhu aut D. Shi aut J. McDill aut L. Yang aut S. Hawkins aut G. Neutelings aut R. Datla aut PBI IBP G. Lambert aut D.W. Galbraith aut C.J. Grassa aut A. Geraldes aut Q.C. Cronk aut C. Cullis aut P.K. Dash aut P.A. Kumar aut S. Cloutier aut A.G. Sharpe aut PBI IBP G.K.-S. Wong aut J. Wang aut M.K. Deyholos aut text article eng Flax (Linum usitatissimum) is an ancient crop that is widely cultivated as a source of fiber, oil and medicinally relevant compounds. To accelerate crop improvement, we performed whole-genome shotgun sequencing of the nuclear genome of flax. Seven paired-end libraries ranging in size from 300 bp to 10 kb were sequenced using an Illumina genome analyzer. A de novo assembly, comprised exclusively of deep-coverage (approximately 94× raw, approximately 69× filtered) short-sequence reads (44-100 bp), produced a set of scaffolds with N50 = 694 kb, including contigs with N50 = 20.1 kb. The contig assembly contained 302 Mb of non-redundant sequence representing an estimated 81% genome coverage. Up to 96% of published flax ESTs aligned to the whole-genome shotgun scaffolds. However, comparisons with independently sequenced BACs and fosmids showed some mis-assembly of regions at the genome scale. A total of 43 384 protein-coding genes were predicted in the whole-genome shotgun assembly, and up to 93% of published flax ESTs, and 86% of A. thaliana genes aligned to these predicted genes, indicating excellent coverage and accuracy at the gene level. Analysis of the synonymous substitution rates (Ks) observed within duplicate gene pairs was consistent with a recent (5-9 MYA) whole-genome duplication in flax. Within the predicted proteome, we observed enrichment of many conserved domains (Pfam-A) that may contribute to the unique properties of this crop, including agglutinin proteins. Together these results show that de novo assembly, based solely on whole-genome shotgun short-sequence reads, is an efficient means of obtaining nearly complete genome sequence information for some plant species. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes DNA Sequencing Illumina Industrial crops Malpighiales Whole-genome shotgun Crops DNA sequences Flax Linen Proteins Yarn Genes plant DNA article bacterial artificial chromosome chemistry chromosome map contig mapping DNA sequence expressed sequence tag flax gene library genetics high throughput sequencing methodology molecular genetics nucleotide sequence plant genome protein tertiary structure Base Sequence Chromosome Mapping Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial Contig Mapping DNA, Plant Expressed Sequence Tags Flax Gene Library Genome, Plant High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing Molecular Sequence Annotation Molecular Sequence Data Protein Structure, Tertiary Sequence Analysis, DNA Arabidopsis thaliana Linum usitatissimum Malpighiales 2012 0960-7412 72 3 461 473 13 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2012.05093.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Plant Biotechnology Institute (PBI-IBP) Institut de biotechnologie des plantes du CNRC (IBP-PBI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269207 5b86f63f-c054-418f-a0c1-6b87778682be B. Tomanek aut IBD IBD J.C. Sharp aut IBD IBD text chapter eng yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 9780470648476 131 179 49 10.1002/9781118271933.ch5 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biodiagnostics (IBD-IBD) Institut du biodiagnostic du CNRC (IBD-IBD) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269208 54710d8b-a357-42ea-8096-9b1ad1604d42 K.L. Barnes aut L. Van Zee aut S. Côté aut HIA IHA D. Schade aut HIA IHA text article eng We combine new deep and wide field of view Hα imaging of a sample of eight nearby (d 17Mpc) spiral galaxies with new and archival H I and CO imaging to study the star formation and the star formation regulation in the outer disk. We find that, in agreement with previous studies, star formation in the outer disk has low covering fractions, and star formation is typically organized into spiral arms. The star formation in the outer disk is at extremely low levels, with typical star formation rate surface densities of ∼10 -5 to 10 -6 M Oyr -1kpc -2. We find that the ratio of the radial extent of detected H II regions to the radius of the H I disk is typically ≳85%. This implies that in order to further our understanding of the implications of extended star formation, we must further our understanding of the formation of extended H I disks. We measure the gravitational stability of the gas disk, and find that the outer gaseous disk is typically a factor of ∼2times more stable than the inner star-forming disk. We measure the surface density of outer disk H I arms, and find that the disk is closer to gravitational instability along these arms. Therefore, it seems that spiral arms are a necessary, but not sufficient, requirement for star formation in the outer disk. We use an estimation of the flaring of the outer gas disk to illustrate the effect of flaring on the Schmidt power-law index; we find that including flaring increases the agreement between the power-law indices of the inner and outer disks. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-637X 757 1 64 10.1088/0004-637X/757/1/64 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269209 b42028d0-9776-46c8-83bc-26fab4b35e2b P.J. Bustard aut SIMS ISSM D. Moffatt aut SIMS ISSM R. Lausten aut SIMS ISSM G. Wu aut SIMS ISSM I.A. Walmsley aut B.J. Sussman aut SIMS ISSM 2012 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2012, 6 May 2012 through 11 May 2012, San Jose, CA text article eng We introduce a quantum random number generator based on the phase measurement of Stokes light generated by amplification of zero-point vacuum fluctuations using stimulated Raman scattering in bulk diamond. © 2012 OSA. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Random number generators Vacuum fluctuations Zero-point Lasers Random number generation Stimulated Raman scattering 2012 9781467318396 6326885 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences (SIMS-ISSM) Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC (ISSM-SIMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269211 0f1204e0-dc7d-4d97-a10e-94aac1b7869a C.D. Scarfe aut HIA IHA R.F. Griffin aut text article eng We present radial-velocity observations from DAO and Cambridge, from which we derive orbital elements. HD 23052 is a G-type main-sequence object which has been regarded as a solar analogue, in an orbit of period nearly three years. HD 90512 is a G-type giant in a nearly circular orbit with a period just over 100 days. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0185-1101 48 2 257 265 9 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269212 46b4d473-3040-47cb-bfcc-f154dadf6c4a D. Zheng aut S.K. Vashist aut K. Al-Rubeaan aut J.H.T. Luong aut BRI IRB F.-S. Sheu aut text article eng A rapid and simple procedure was developed for the preparation of a highly stable and leach-proof glucose oxidase (GOx)-bound glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Crosslinked GOx via glutaraldehyde was drop-cast on a KOH-pretreated GCE followed by drop-casting of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to form a stable bioactive layer. At -0.45 V, the biosensor exhibited a wide dynamic detection range of 0.5-48 mM for commercial glucose and 1.3-28.2 mM for Sugar-Chex blood glucose linearity standards. Several endogenous electroactive substances and drug metabolites commonly found in blood were tested and provoked no signal response. To our knowledge, the developed procedure is the most rapid method for preparing a glucose biosensor. The biosensor suffered no biofouling after 7 days of immersion in Sugar-Chex blood glucose. With excellent production reproducibility, GOx-bound electrodes stored dry at room temperature retained their initial activity after several weeks. © 2012 The Royal Society of Chemistry. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes carbon glass glucose glucose oxidase immobilized enzyme article Aspergillus niger chemistry electrochemistry electrode enzymology genetic procedures metabolism methodology time Aspergillus niger Biosensing Techniques Carbon Electrochemistry Electrodes Enzymes, Immobilized Glass Glucose Glucose Oxidase Time Factors 2012 0003-2654 137 16 3800 3805 6 10.1039/c2an35128e National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI-IRB) Institut de recherche en biotechnologie du CNRC (IRB-BRI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269213 749bbafd-4f02-4b1d-924d-68487e96c7f1 M.J. Frank aut M. Hilker aut H. Baumgardt aut P. Côté aut HIA IHA E.K. Grebel aut H. Haghi aut A.H.W. Küpper aut S.G. Djorgovski aut text article eng We obtained precise line-of-sight radial velocities of 23 member stars of the remote halo globular cluster Palomar4 (Pal4) using the High Resolution Echelle Spectrograph at the Keck I telescope. We also measured the mass function of the cluster down to a limiting magnitude of V~ 28mag using archival Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) imaging. We derived the cluster's surface brightness profile based on the WFPC2 data and on broad-band imaging with the Low Resolution Imaging Spectrometer at the Keck II telescope. We find a mean cluster velocity of 72.55 ± 0.22kms -1 and a velocity dispersion of 0.87 ± 0.18kms -1. The global mass function of the cluster, the mass range 0.55 ≤M≤ 0.85M ⊙, is shallower than a Kroupa mass function and the cluster is significantly depleted low-mass stars its centre compared to its outskirts. Since the relaxation time of Pal4 is of the order of a Hubble time, this points to primordial mass segregation this cluster. Extrapolating the measured mass function towards lower mass stars and including the contribution of compact remnants, we derive a total cluster mass of 29800M ⊙. For this mass, the measured velocity dispersion is consistent with the expectations of Newtonian dynamics and below the prediction of modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND). Pal4 adds to the growing body of evidence that the dynamics of star clusters the outer Galactic halo can hardly be explained by MOND. © 2012 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2012 RAS. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0035-8711 423 3 2917 2932 16 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21105.x National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269214 9e27d02c-6fa3-41ab-90ce-d29baae59329 Li Zhang aut Xinhua Xie aut Stefan Roither aut Daniil Kartashov aut Markus Schöffler aut Dror Shafir aut SIMS ISSM Paul B Corkum Corkum, Paul aut SIMS ISSM Andrius Baltuka aut André Staudte aut SIMS ISSM Markus Kitzler aut 27th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions, ICPEAC 2011, July 27 - August 2, 2011, Belfast, UK text article eng Atomic single- and double- ionization using orthogonally polarized two-color laser fields was investigated via COLTRILMS technique. We prove that the electronic wave packets can be spatially controlled with attosecond precision. yes yes Attoseconds Electronic wave packets Spatial control Two-color laser fields Atoms Wave packets 2012 1742-6588 388 3 32069 10.1088/1742-6596/388/3/032069 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269215 065b0037-c8df-4b2e-8673-b0f95d8e3ccf J.P. Vallée aut HIA IHA The Role of the Disk-Halo Interaction in Galaxy Evolution: Outflows vs. Infall?, 18 August 2008 through 22 August 2008, Espinho text article eng Spiral arm shapes, locations, and velocities can be well determined, when model pitfalls are avoided (Vallée 2008a). Similarly, circularly orbiting gas and magnetic field lines can cross the spiral arms, when observational pitfalls are avoided (Vallée 2008b). © EAS, EDP Sciences 2012. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Magnetic field line Milky ways Spiral arms Publishing Galaxies 2012 1633-4760 9782759807871 56 81 86 6 10.1051/eas/1256010 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269216 017d7a25-aff1-440f-8c78-5d739bb3d061 K.A. Woodley aut R. Goldsbury aut J.S. Kalirai aut H.B. Richer aut P.-E. Tremblay aut J. Anderson aut P. Bergeron aut A. Dotter aut L. Esteves aut G.G. Fahlman aut HIA IHA B.M.S. Hansen aut J. Heyl aut J. Hurley aut R.M. Rich aut HIA IHA M.M. Shara aut P.B. Stetson aut text article eng We present a new distance determination to the Galactic globular cluster 47 Tucanae by fitting the spectral energy distributions of its white dwarfs (WDs) to pure hydrogen atmosphere WD models. Our photometric data set is obtained from a 121-orbit Hubble Space Telescope program using the Wide Field Camera 3 UVIS/IR channels, capturing F390W, F606W, F110W, and F160W images. These images cover more than 60 arcmin 2 and extend over a radial range of 5-13.7 arcmin (6.5-17.9pc) within the globular cluster. Using a likelihood analysis, we obtain a best-fitting unreddened distance modulus of (m - M) o = 13.36 0.02 0.06 corresponding to a distance of 4.69 0.04 0.13kpc, where the first error is random and the second is systematic. We also search the WD photometry for infrared excess in the F160W filter, indicative of low-mass companions, and find no convincing cases within our sample. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-6256 143 2 50 10.1088/0004-6256/143/2/50 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269217 4b15250b-6884-40ef-aff1-26422f1a422e C. Correia aut HIA IHA J.-P. Véran aut HIA IHA text article eng Many adaptive optics applications require wavefront correctors with a high stroke, and at a high bandwidth. Often, these two requirements cannot be met by a single wavefront corrector, and, instead, the combination of a lowbandwidth, high-stroke woofer and a high-bandwidth low-stroke tweeter is used in a so-called woofer-tweeter architecture. The optimal (minimum residual phase variance) way to split the correction between the woofer and the tweeter in the context of a linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) controller has been addressed previously. However, the necessity to fold the temporal characteristics of the woofer and tweeter into the LQG controller significantly increases its complexity. In this Letter, this optimal strategy is compared to a simpler, ad hoc approach, which consists in optimizing the LQG controller as if it were controlling a high-bandwidth, high-stroke corrector and splitting the correction using first-order high- and low-pass temporal filters. In the case of tilt correction for NFIRAOS on the Thirty Meter Telescope, it is found that the ad hoc approach, which is already used or planned for several systems, holds the same overall correction performance compared to the optimal strategy. © 2012 Optical Society of America. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Ad hoc approach Correction performance First-order High bandwidth Linear Quadratic Gaussian controllers Low-bandwidth Low-pass LQG controller Optics application Optimal strategies Residual phase Temporal characteristics Temporal filters Thirty Meter Telescope Tilt correction Wavefront corrector Low pass filters Optimal systems Optimization Vision aids Loudspeakers 2012 0146-9592 37 15 3132 3134 3 10.1364/OL.37.003132 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269219 b4796752-499e-4c45-b360-e0a37af0bd32 H. Shan aut J.-P. Kneib aut C. Tao aut Z. Fan aut M. Jauzac aut M. Limousin aut R. Massey aut J. Rhodes aut K. Thanjavur aut HIA IHA H.J. McCracken aut text article eng We present the first weak gravitational lensing analysis of the completed Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS). We study the 64 deg 2 W1 field, the largest of the CFHTLS-Wide survey fields, and present the largest contiguous weak lensing convergence "mass map" yet made. 2.66 million galaxy shapes are measured, using the Kaiser Squires and Broadhurst Method (KSB) pipeline verified against high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope imaging that covers part of the CFHTLS. Our i′-band measurements are also consistent with an analysis of independent r′-band imaging. The reconstructed lensing convergence map contains 301 peaks with signal-to-noise ratio ν > 3.5, consistent with predictions of a ΛCDM model. Of these peaks, 126 lie within 30 of a brightest central galaxy identified from multicolor optical imaging in an independent, red sequence survey. We also identify seven counterparts for massive clusters previously seen in X-ray emission within 6 deg 2 XMM-LSS survey. With photometric redshift estimates for the source galaxies, we use a tomographic lensing method to fit the redshift and mass of each convergence peak. Matching these to the optical observations, we confirm 85 groups/clusters with χ 2 reduced < 3.0, at a mean redshift 〈z c 〉 = 0.36 and velocity dispersion 〈σ c〉 = 658.8 km s -1. Future surveys, such as DES, LSST, KDUST, and EUCLID, will be able to apply these techniques to map clusters in much larger volumes and thus tightly constrain cosmological models. © 2012 The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0004-637X 748 1 56 10.1088/0004-637X/748/1/56 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269220 f3986d26-652e-4ad3-ac7a-8941cab213eb R. H. Nelson aut HIA IHA text article eng yes yes gold access 2012 0374-0676 6017 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269222 d9f0f575-e648-4831-9170-9d88548e9a96 S. Fan aut IFCI IIPC D.P. Wilkinson aut IFCI IIPC H. Wang aut IFCI IIPC text article eng Due to improved kinetics and reduced CO poisoning effects, higher temperature alcohol fuel cells have been shown to have higher activity and increased performance output when compared to lower temperature alcohol fuel cells. In this work, the Direct Alcohol Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (DAPAFC) with methanol and ethanol as reactant fuels, and Pt and PtRu as catalysts is studied. The electrolyteseparator consists of Phosphoric Acid in a Silicon Carbide (SiC) matrix and replaces conventional polymer electrolyte or PBI membranes. Comprehensive studies are conducted to demonstrate the performance effects of the Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL), Micro-porous Layer (MPL) and such parameters as the stream pressures, higher temperature operation (120-180°C), and the thickness of the SiC separator, etc. Results show that at the same operating conditions, the cell performance is comparable to that of a vapour fed Nafion membrane based fuel cell. Structure improvement of the Phosphoric Acid Electrode Assembly (PAEA) and reactant vapor composition can significantly improve durability. This type of fuel cell demonstrates performance improvement and stability in a higher temperature range than is possible with the conventional PEMFC. © 2012 The Electrochemical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Cell performance CO poisoning Comprehensive studies Conventional polymers Electrode assemblies Gas diffusion layers Higher temperatures Microporous layers Nafion membrane Operating condition Performance effect Performance improvements Stream pressure Structure improvement Vapor composition Electrolytes Ethanol Ethanol fuels Methanol Methanol fuels Phosphoric acid Phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC) Platinum Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) Silicon carbide Vapors 2012 0013-4651 159 5 B570 B577 10.1149/2.087205jes National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation (IFCI-IIPC) Institut d'innovation en piles à combustible du CNRC (IIPC-IFCI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269225 69655766-f31b-43f2-80b8-b3e324ad189d P. Liu aut IOT ITO 5th IASTED Asian Conference on Power and Energy Systems, AsiaPES 2012, 2 April 2012 through 4 April 2012, Phuket text article eng This paper presents recent turbine research and development work on renewable energy technology development and innovation at the Institute for Ocean Technology, National Research Council Canada. The advantages of the oscillating foil turbines as opposed to horizontal axis turbines are identified and discussed. A wing-in-ground effect (WIG) application for oscillating turbine is introduced and the systematic development of a novel WIG oscillating foil turbine is briefly presented with conceptual design example. In-house simulation tool development, numerical and experimental capability development and testing facilities for turbine energy research are also briefly introduced. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Energy research Horizontal axis National Research Council Ocean technology Oscillating foils Panel methods Renewable energy technologies Research and development Testing facility Tool development Wing in ground effect Conceptual design Innovation Research Turbines 2012 9780889869103 413 419 7 10.2316/P.2012.768-022 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Ocean Technology (IOT-ITO) Institut des technologies océaniques du CNRC (ITO-IOT) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269229 e8e42264-7026-44d6-8bff-ac5004ec5c47 R. El Otmani aut IMI IMI M.R. Kamal aut A. Derdouri aut IMI IMI 70th Annual Technical Conference of the Society of Plastics Engineers 2012, ANTEC 2012, 2 April 2012 through 4 April 2012, Orlando, FL text article eng A Battenfeld System 50 micro injection molding machine was used to produce micro moldings of polyoxymethylene (POM), using a stepwise reduced thickness (0.8 mm, 0.45 mm, 0.2 mm) mold. Polarized light microscopy (PLM) was employed to investigate the morphology of the POM micro moldings. Morphology was examined in both the flow and transverse planes. A variety of morphological zones (oriented skin, shish kebab, cylindrulite, twisted lamellae, oblate, spherulite, etc.) are obtained, depending on the location. The morphology depends strongly on the thickness of the molding and thickness changes. The oriented skin layer tends to diminish away from the gate and near the vent end. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Battenfeld Micro molding Micro-injection molding Microstr8ucture Poly(oxymethylene) Shish-kebabs Skin layer Skin-core Transverse planes Acetal resins Morphology Plastic products Injection molding 2012 9781622760831 3 1858 1862 5 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Industrial Materials Institute (IMI-IMI) Institut des matériaux industriels du CNRC (IMI-IMI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269233 92ae4580-c1f6-4787-a922-d4d0ae6a318e W. Yuan aut AERO AERO D. Poirel aut B. Wang aut M. Khalid aut AERO AERO 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition, 9 January 2012 through 12 January 2012, Nashville, TN text article eng Structural response models addressing one-degree-of-freedom (1DOF) and two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) aeroelastic oscillations were coupled with an in-house incompressible CFD code to perform large-eddy-based simulations (LES) for flows past rigid airfoils in free-to-rotate and free-to-rotate-and-heave conditions at low Reynolds numbers. As observed in experiments, the numerical simulations confirmed the presence of the self-sustained low-amplitude limit-cycle oscillations (LCOs) of the airfoils. It is understood that this behavior in the transitional Reynolds number regime results from the unsteadiness of the laminar boundary layer separation and its delayed recovery when compared to the corresponding static conditions. © 2012 by NRC and RMC. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Aeroelastic oscillations Boundary-layer separation Incompressible CFD Limit cycle oscillations Low Reynolds number Low-amplitude Static conditions Structural response Two-degree-of-freedom Aeroelasticity Aerospace engineering Computer simulation Exhibitions Reynolds number Airfoils 2012 AIAA 2012-0041 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269234 9e2a706c-d93c-4328-ad82-8b1ca46f6188 H. Guo aut G. Xiao aut IMS ISM J. Yao aut text chapter eng yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 9780470626955 89 118 30 10.1002/9781118310212.ch3 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269235 07aa9853-b419-47a2-b90d-7bb08b0c5edf J.-P. Véran aut HIA IHA J. Pazder aut HIA IHA G. Herriot aut HIA IHA D. Andersen aut HIA IHA Adaptive Optics Systems III, 1 July 2012 through 6 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng Advanced wide-field AO systems, such as Multi-Conjugate AO (MCAO) systems often require many static optical elements (mirror and lenses) in addition to the active ones (deformable mirrors). These static elements induce additional wave-front errors due to random fabrication errors such as polishing errors. For ELT-size AO systems, these optical elements can be very large, and thus their cost and availability critically depends on how of much fabrication error can be tolerated. Therefore, a rigorous tolerance analysis is absolutely critical. Requirements can, in principle be relaxed, on account that fabrication errors with spatial scales larger than the inter-actuator spacing of the deformable mirrors (DMs) can be corrected. However, this process is significantly complicated by the fact that these optical elements are often conjugated far away from the DMs, and therefore DM correction cannot be achieved over a wide field of view (FOV). In this paper, we present our tolerance analysis in the context of NFIRAOS, the first-light MCAO system for the Thirty Meter Telescope. We start from two top-level error budgets: the "on-axis error budget, which specifies the acceptable residual wave-front error in the narrow 17''x17'' science FOV; and the "off-axis" error budget, which specifies the acceptable residual wave-front error at the edge of the 2' diameter technical FOV. The former directly relates to science image quality, whereas the latter directly relates to sky coverage. For different assumptions on the spatial power spectrum of the polishing errors, we derive the requirements on each optical element in NFIRAOS using a Monte-Carlo analysis of the predicted off-axis performance of the system with on axis AO correction. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Deformable mirrors Error budgets Fabrication errors Monte carlo analysis Off-axis Optical fabrication Optical tolerancing Sky coverage Spatial scale Thirty Meter Telescope Tolerance analysis Tolerancing Wavefront errors Wide field of view Wide-field Adaptive optics Automobile manufacture Budget control Fabrication Fits and tolerances Polishing Random errors Wavefronts Optics 2012 0277-786X 9780819491480 8447 84471D 10.1117/12.926321 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269231 21b3a9eb-d76f-46d1-b7bf-3c552dd3dc70 J. Mirzaei aut R. Sawatzky aut A. Sharma aut M. Urbanski aut K. Yu aut SIMS ISSM H.-S. Kitzerow aut T. Hegmann aut Emerging Liquid Crystal Technologies VII, 22 January 2012 through 25 January 2012, San Francisco, CA text article eng We here report on the alignment and electro-optic properties of nematic liquid crystals (LCs) either containing nanoscale particles as additives or featuring particles patterned on substrates. The investigated nematic LCs or LC dispersions are doped or in contact with magic-sized semiconductor CdSe nanocrystals (MSNCs) or silane- and alkylthiol monolayercapped gold nanoparticles. Three single-sized CdSe quantum dots capped with myristic acid exhibiting bright bandgap photoluminescence (PL) at λ max ∼ 463 nm were tested as additives. Two of the quantum dots only vary in the amount of defects as indicated by different bandgap and deep trap PL. The third MSNC sample is compositionally different, doped with Zn. These MSNCs with almost identical sizes were doped at different concentrations (1-5 wt%) into the nematic phase of the 2-phenylpyrimidine-based LC1. Only the Zn-doped MSNCs showed the formation of birefringent stripes surrounded by areas of homeotropic alignment between plain glass slides at all concentrations as observed for many other nanoparticle-doped nematic LCs reported earlier by our group. In polyimide-coated glass slides favoring planar orientation of the nematic director, planar alignment was observed. Similarly, siloxane-coated gold nanoparticle additives with narrow size distribution, but larger size, show homeotropic alignment between plain glass and planar alignment in rubbed polyimide-coated cells. Surprisingly then, we succeeded in creating alignment patterns using smaller, ∼2 nm alkylthiol-capped gold nanoparticles using a process called stenciling that allowed us to generate patterns of homeotropic alignment in a continuum of planar alignment of the nematic LC. Finally, electro-optic investigations on some of these samples revealed that only the Zn-doped magic-sized MSNCs significantly lower the dielectric anisotropy as well as the splay elastic constant of the nematic host, despite identical size and surface functionality of the three used MSNCs, which highlights the tremendous effect of the nanocrystal core composition on the electro-optic properties of the nematic host. © 2012 Copyright Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes liquid crystal alignment nematic Pattern formation Quantum Dot stenciling Cadmium alloys Cadmium compounds Defects Doping (additives) Electrooptical devices Energy gap Glass Gold Liquid crystals Nanocrystals Nanoparticles Nematic liquid crystals Polyimides Semiconductor doping Semiconductor quantum dots Zinc Alignment 2012 0277-786X 9780819489227 8279 827913 10.1117/12.909022 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences (SIMS-ISSM) Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC (ISSM-SIMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269228 19081b12-0215-41e5-8624-12f78ca9ef17 J.-P. Véran aut HIA IHA E. McWeigh aut HIA IHA D. Andersen aut HIA IHA C. Correia aut HIA IHA G. Herriot aut HIA IHA J. Pazder aut HIA IHA Adaptive Optics Systems III, 1 July 2012 through 6 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng This paper presents an update on the design and deployment of the HIA MCAO laboratory bench. This bench directly supports the development of NFIRAOS, the first light MCAO facility for the Thirty Meter Telescope. The bench implements a closed-loop MCAO system, with two magnetic DMs, four LGS Shack-Hartmann WFSs, two NGS T/T WFS, one NGS T/T/F WFS and one higher order Truth WFS, making up a scaled down version of NFIRAOS. The bench includes several artificial turbulence screens and reproduces realistic LGS spot elongations. It is driven by software in Matlab, frame-rates ranging from 1Hz to 15Hz. The goals of this bench are to anchor the NFIRAOS end-to-end simulation tools; to exercise real-time LGS tomographic AO in a variety of well controlled conditions, such as faint and poorly corrected NGSs, non-uniformities in the sodium layer and field dependant Non-Common-Path Aberrations (NCPAs); develop and demonstrate calibration procedures, such as PSF reconstruction and tomographic reconstruction and correction of field dependant NCPAs; and to validate optimization methods that operate at 10+ second time scales, which is not tractable in a numerical simulation, such as matched filter update and Cn2 estimation using a SLODAR method. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Calibration procedure Closed-loop Controlled conditions End-to-end simulation Laboratory experiments Multiconjugate adaptive optics Non-uniformities Optimization method Scaled-down versions Second time scale Shack-Hartmann Sodium layer Thirty Meter Telescope Tomographic Tomographic reconstruction MATLAB Sodium Tomography Adaptive optics 2012 0277-786X 9780819491480 8447 844750 10.1117/12.927236 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269227 b58ee6d5-589d-4689-ac41-61a2dd4ce0b0 G. Xiao aut IMS ISM W.J. Bock aut text chapter eng 2012 Wiley yes yes 9780470626955 XI X National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269221 3945914f-b6b6-4662-9f3e-6d3ea6d175e6 J. Pazder aut HIA IHA B. Bauman aut D. Dillon aut M. Fletcher aut HIA IHA J. Lacoursièred aut V. Reshetova aut HIA IHA Modern Technologies in Space- and Ground-Based Telescopes and Instrumentation II, 1 July 2012 through 6 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) is a facility instrument under construction for the 8-m Gemini South telescope. This paper describes the methods used for optical alignment of the adaptive optics (AO) bench. The optical alignment of the off-axis paraboloid mirrors was done using a pre-alignment method utilizing a HeNe laser and alignment telescopes followed by a fine-tuning using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and a shear plate. A FARO arm measuring system was used to place the fiducials for the alignment. Using these methods the AO bench was aligned to 13nm RMS of wavefront error. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Astronomical instrumentation FaroArm Gemini telescopes Off-axis Optical alignments Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors Helium neon lasers Mirrors Optical telescopes Telescopes Wavefronts Alignment 2012 0277-786X 9780819491510 8450 845058 10.1117/12.925866 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269210 05acbca5-d024-43d2-b9c3-a946491759ec E.V. Tollestrup aut J. Pazder aut HIA IHA G. Barrick aut E. Martioli aut R.P. Schiavon aut A. Anthony aut HIA IHA M. Halman aut HIA IHA C. Veillet aut Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV, 1 July 2012 through 6 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng The Gemini Remote Access CFHT ESPaDOnS Spectrograph (GRACES) is an innovative instrumentation experiment that will demonstrate if ESPaDOnS, a bench-mounted high-resolution optical spectrograph at CFHT, can be fed by a 270-m long fiber from the Gemini-North telescope with low enough losses to remain competitive with conventional spectrographs on other 8 to 10-m telescopes. Detailed simulations have shown that GRACES should be more sensitive than the HIRES spectrograph at Keck Observatory at wavelengths longer than about 600-700 nm. This result is possible by using FPB-type of optical fibers made by Polymicro Technologies and by keeping the critical focal ratio degradation (FRD) losses to less than 10%. Laboratory tests on these FPB optical fibers are underway and show that for 36-m lengths that the FRD losses are as low as 0.8% with a repeatability of 1%. Tests are currently underway on 280-m lengths. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Focal ratio degradation High resolution Initial design Keck observatory Laboratory test Long fiber Optical spectrograph Remote access Transmission loss Astronomy Optical fibers Optical telescopes Telescopes Spectrographs 2012 0277-786X 9780819491473 8446 84462A 10.1117/12.926626 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269204 311509c3-defe-4ec6-a038-68bfce8c571b C. Kulcsár aut G. Sivo aut H.-F. Raynaud aut B. Neichel aut F. Rigaut aut J. Christou aut A. Guesalaga aut C. Correia aut HIA IHA J.-P. Véran aut HIA IHA É. Gendron aut F. Vidal aut G. Rousset aut T. Morris aut S. Esposito aut F. Quirós-Pacheco aut G. Agapito aut E. Fedrigo aut L. Pettazzi aut R. Clare aut R. Muradore aut O. Guyon aut F. Martinache aut S. Meimon aut J.-M. Conan aut Adaptive Optics Systems III, 1 July 2012 through 6 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng We present in this paper an analysis of several tip-tilt on-sky data registered on adaptive optics systems installed on different telescopes (Gemini South, William Herschel Telescope, Large Binocular Telescope, Very Large Telescope, Subaru). Vibration peaks can be detected, and it is shown that their presence and location may vary, and that their origin is not always easy to determine. Mechanical solution that have been realized to mitigate vibrations are presented. Nevertheless, residual vibrations may still affect the instruments' performance, ranging from narrow high frequency vibration peaks to wide low frequency windshake-type perturbations. Power Spectral Densities (PSDs) of on-sky data are presented to evidence these features. When possible, indications are given regarding the gain in performance that could be achieved with adequate controllers accounting for vibration mitigation. Two examples of controller identification and design illustrate their ability to compensate for various types of disturbances (turbulence, windshake, vibration peaks, ...), showing a significant gain in performance. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Adaptive optics systems Disturbance identification H2 control High frequency vibration Large binocular telescope LQG control Residual vibrations Tip-tilt Very large telescope Vibration mitigation Vibration peak William herschel telescopes Adaptive optics Atmospheric turbulence Controllers Identification (control systems) Optical telescopes Power spectral density Spectrum analysis Telescopes Vibrations (mechanical) Discrete time control systems 2012 0277-786X 9780819491480 8447 84471C 10.1117/12.925984 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269218 b1e2132b-5437-4a8e-a272-c166359b8ed2 Yan Bombardier aut AERO AERO Min Liao aut AERO AERO Guillaume Renaud aut AERO AERO 53rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, 23 April 2012 through 26 April 2012, Honolulu, HI text article eng This paper presents a stress intensity factor solution for cracks located in panels reinforced with arbitrarily located stringers. The new solution was developed by modifying the constituting equations of a solution for symmetrically and periodically spaced stringers with riveted rigid fasteners. The new solution supports arbitrary stringer locations with respect to the crack location, includes the capability to model compliant fasteners, improves the accuracy of the equivalent stringer compliance by considering Poisson's effect, and allows the fasteners to be arbitrarily located within each stringer. The stress intensity factors calculated using the new closed-form solution were compared to linear static finite element analysis results and very good agreement was obtained for the tested cases. Through two examples for the CC-130 aircraft, it was shown that the closed-form solution developed for a center crack in an infinite sheet could also be used to model an edge crack growing in a relatively large panel. yes yes A-center Closed form solutions Crack location Edge cracks Linear statics Poisson's effects Cracks Locks (fasteners) Stress intensity factors Structural dynamics Stringers 2012-04 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 9781600869372 AIAA 2012-1699 0273-4508 10.2514/6.2012-1699 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269191 fe6d58d2-0fcc-4f51-87a4-53811e359713 Y. Chen aut AERO AERO V. Wickramasinghe aut AERO AERO D.G. Zimcik aut AERO AERO 53rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, 23 April 2012 through 26 April 2012, Honolulu, HI text article eng The teetering tail rotor of the Canadian CH-149 Cormorant helicopter fleet experienced limit cycle oscillation (LCO) phenomenon in certain adverse flight conditions in which the transient high amplitude vibration resulted in significant increase of dynamic strain to the tail rotor structures. This could contribute to pre-mature damage of the composite half hub among other causes. Therefore it is required to evaluate the integrity of the tail rotor structure using realistic aeroelastic parameters of the tail rotor in the rotating frame. This paper presents a novel center frequency scaling factor theory and related parameter identification methodologies in order to estimate and track the variation of the critical aeroelastic parameters in the rotating frame during LCO events based on vibration information measured exclusively in the stationary frame. This information would enable update of the tail rotor stability diagram in order to confidently evaluate the impact of LCO events to the structural integrity of the Cormorant tail rotor structures. Based on the developed procedures and identified parameters, recommendations are provided for data analysis and techniques to improve the fidelity of results from aeroelastic simulation analysis for the Cormorant tail rotor structures without the need to install sensors in the rotating frame. © 2012 AIAA. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Aero-elastic simulations Center frequency Flight conditions Helicopter fleets High-amplitude vibrations Identified parameter Limit Cycle Oscillation (LCO) Stationary frame Aeroelasticity Structural dynamics Helicopter rotors 2012 0273-4508 9781600869372 AIAA 2012-1479 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269153 79f59eab-defd-42c0-b44d-290688e7def5 F. Lin aut N. Wadhawan aut H. Kalkat aut X. Ma aut S. Gajjeraman aut S. Nandagopal aut N. Hao aut Jixian Deng Deng, J. aut MD DM Bo Xiang Xiang, B. aut MD DM M. Zhang aut Ganghong (Hong) Tian Tian, G. aut MD DM Nanotech Conference and Expo 2012, June 18-21, 2012, Santa Clara, CA, USA text article eng Microfluidic devices provide powerful new tools for quantitative stem cell research owing to its advantages in cellular microenvironmental control and experiment throughput over conventional methods. Particularly, microfluidics is playing a growing role in studying stem cell growth, differentiation and trafficking mediated by chemical factors such as different growth and differentiation factors and physical parameters such as direct current electric fields (dcEF). In the present study, we focused on adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and we quantitatively characterized ADSCs growth and positioning mediated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and dcEF using microfluidic devices. Our results revealed mat ADSCs preferentially grow toward the EGF gradient. In addition, we showed that ADSCs tend to orient perpendicularly to the dcEF. These microfluidics-based results demonstrated the interesting roles of EGF and dcEF in controlling ADSCs growth and trafficking. yes yes Adipose derived stem cells Cell migration Chemical factors Conventional methods Direct current electric fields EGF Epidermal growth factors Micro-fluidic devices Microfluidic control Physical parameters Stem cell research Cell growth Electric fields Exhibitions Fabrication Fluidic devices Growth kinetics Nanotechnology Stem cells Microfluidics 2012 9781466562752 306 309 4 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Medical Devices Dispositifs médicaux National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269156 2310775d-48e9-431f-9b57-4c2280b648f1 Z. Tian aut P. Bianucci aut P.J.R. Roche aut M.H.T. Dastjerdi aut Z. Mi aut P.J. Poole aut IMS ISM A.G. Kirk aut D.V. Plant aut text article eng We report on the observation of a dynamical thermal effect in InGaAsP microtubes at telecom wavelengths. The microtubes are fabricated by releasing a strained semiconductor bilayer and are picked up by abruptly tapered optical fibers for subsequent coupling with adiabatically tapered optical fibers. As a result of absorption by InAs quantum dots embedded in the tube structure, these microtubes show dynamical thermal effects at wavelengths around 1525 nm and 1578 nm, while they are passive at longer wavelengths near 1634 nm. The photon absorption induced thermal effect is visualized by generating a pair of microbottles. The dynamical thermal effect can be avoided or exploited for passive or active applications by utilizing appropriate resonance wavelengths. © 2012 Optical Society of America. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Active application Bi-layer InAs quantum dots Induced thermal effects InGaAsP Micro-tubes Photon absorptions Resonance wavelengths Tapered optical fibers Telecom wavelengths Tube structures Indium arsenide Optical fiber coupling Optical fiber fabrication Wavelength 2012 0146-9592 37 13 2712 2714 3 10.1364/OL.37.002712 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269159 815cf513-838f-4f27-b777-d7dc2eac9be2 M. Baranowski aut M. Syperek aut R. Kudrawiec aut J. Misiewicz aut James Gupta Gupta, J.A. aut IMS ISM Xiaohua Wu Wu, X. aut IMS ISM R. Wang aut IMS ISM text article eng Time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of type-II GaAsSb/GaAs quantum wells are presented. The PL kinetics are determined by the dynamic band bending effect and the distribution of localized centers below the quantum well band gap. The dynamic band bending results from the spatially separated electron and hole distribution functions evolving in time. It strongly depends on the optical pump power density and causes temporal renormalization of the quantum well ground-state energy occurring a few nanoseconds after the optical pulse excitation. Moreover, it alters the optical transition oscillator strength. The measured PL lifetime is 4.5ns. We point out the critical role of the charge transfer processes between the quantum well and localized centers, which accelerate the quantum well photoluminescence decay at low temperature. However, at elevated temperatures the thermally activated back transfer process slows down the quantum well photoluminescence kinetics. A three-level rate equation model is proposed to explain these observations. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 0953-8984 24 18 185801 10.1088/0953-8984/24/18/185801 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269168 5df2156c-305c-47df-8bed-3de9f4780245 D. Liao aut A. Pajak aut S.R. Karcz aut B. Patrick Chapman aut A.G. Sharpe aut PBI IBP R.S. Austin aut R. Datla aut PBI IBP S. Dhaubhadel aut F. Marsolais aut text article eng The lack of phaseolin and phytohaemagglutinin in common bean (dry bean, Phaseolus vulgaris) is associated with an increase in total cysteine and methionine concentrations by 70% and 10%, respectively, mainly at the expense of an abundant non-protein amino acid, S-methyl-cysteine. Transcripts were profiled between two genetically related lines differing for this trait at four stages of seed development using a high density microarray designed for common bean. Transcripts of multiple sulphur-rich proteins were elevated, several previously identified by proteomics, including legumin, basic 7S globulin, albumin-2, defensin, albumin-1, the Bowman-Birk type proteinase inhibitor, the double-headed trypsin inhibitor, and the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor. A co-ordinated regulation of transcripts coding for sulphate transporters, sulphate assimilatory enzymes, serine acetyltransferases, cystathionine β-lyase, homocysteine S-methyltransferase and methionine gamma-lyase was associated with changes in cysteine and methionine concentrations. Differential gene expression of sulphur-rich proteins preceded that of sulphur metabolic enzymes, suggesting a regulation by demand from the protein sink. Up-regulation of SERAT1;1 and-1;2 expression revealed an activation of cytosolic O-acetylserine biosynthesis. Down-regulation of SERAT2;1 suggested that cysteine and S-methyl-cysteine biosynthesis may be spatially separated in different subcellular compartments. Analysis of free amino acid profiles indicated that enhanced cysteine biosynthesis was correlated with a depletion of O-acetylserine. These results contribute to our understanding of the regulation of sulphur metabolism in developing seed in response to a change in the composition of endogenous proteins. © 2012 The Author. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes amino acid cysteine drug derivative lectin messenger RNA methionine o acetylserine O-acetylserine phaseolin protein, Phaseolus vulgaris plant RNA s methylcysteine S-methylcysteine seed storage protein serine sulfur vegetable protein article cluster analysis DNA microarray gene expression profiling gene expression regulation genetics growth, development and aging metabolism Phaseolus plant seed Amino Acids Cluster Analysis Cysteine Gene Expression Profiling Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Lectins Methionine Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis Phaseolus Plant Proteins RNA, Messenger RNA, Plant Seed Storage Proteins Seeds Serine Sulfur Phaseolus vulgaris 2012 0022-0957 63 17 6283 6295 13 10.1093/jxb/ers280 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Plant Biotechnology Institute (PBI-IBP) Institut de biotechnologie des plantes du CNRC (IBP-PBI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269172 571a086b-3ed3-4e98-8ea3-21681e385e9a Elvi Dalgaard Dalgaard, E. aut AERO AERO Priti Wanjara Wanjara, P. aut AERO AERO J. Gholipour aut AERO AERO J.J. Jonas aut text article eng Titanium alloys have been of great interest in the aerospace industry for many years. Recently, linear friction welding has also been making strides in conquering a part of the aerospace manufacturing market, with its clear advantages over fusion welding and mechanical fastening methods for integrated bladed rotors. High tech near-α alloy IMI834 (Ti-5·8Al-4Sn- 3·5Zr-0·7Nb- 0·5Mo-0·35Si) was designed to have improved creep resistance and retains its mechanical properties at temperatures up to 600°C. It balances creep resistance and fatigue strength, making it an excellent material for compressor discs and blades. IMI834 with an initial bimodal αzb microstructure was welded using varying axial pressures during welding and then characterised using both microstructural examination and mechanical testing. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to characterise the texture and phase fraction of the welded IMI834 samples in the weld zone (WZ) and thermomechanically affected zones. The EBSD analysis revealed fine recrystallised grains at the weld centres. The microhardness evaluation of the weldments showed that the recrystallised WZ was slightly harder than the parent material (PM). The local and global tensile properties of the welds, investigated using a tensile testing rig with integrated digital image correlation, revealed higher strength in the WZ and failure in the PM. © 2012 Crown in Right of Canada. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Aerospace Aerospace manufacturing Axial pressures Bladed rotors Compressor discs Digital image correlations EBSD analysis Electron back scatter diffraction Fatigue strength Fusion welding High tech IMI834 Linear friction Linear friction welding Mechanical fastening Micro-texture Microstructural examination Parent materials Phase fractions Thermomechanically affected zones Weld zone Weldments Aerospace industry Friction welding Microstructural evolution Molybdenum Niobium Recrystallization (metallurgy) Tensile testing Textures Tin Titanium alloys Welding Welds Zirconium Creep resistance 2012 0008-4433 51 3 269 276 8 10.1179/1879139512Y.0000000014 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269173 bddb1f08-4028-41a9-98bb-12d68beb9beb A. Banerjee aut E.V. Bordatchev aut AUTO AUTO text article eng Micro-end-milling requires high spindle rotational speed to achieve effective material removal. This results in the requirement of tool stoppage or slowdown during a micro-end-milling operation, a deterrent to productivity and to part acceptability. A circular tool path geometry can avoid discontinuities in the tool movements leading to a more consistent and smooth material removal. However, optimal process planning for such a tool path will require detailed understanding of the chip-formation mechanism in circular end-milling. The cut geometry during end-milling along a circular tool path is often approximated as that of a linear tool path. Although this assumption works well for circular tool paths with higher tool path radius, this is not the case for lower tool path radius often used in micro-milling. In this study, the effect of circular tool path on the cutting force for varying tool path rotation angle, tool path radius, and feed rate is experimentally investigated. Systematic signal processing was applied to analyse the measured cutting force signal along linear and several circular tool paths. Qualitative as well as quantitative differences were observed in the cutting force profiles obtained using different tool path radii, tool path orientations, and feed rates. This implies the need for an improved chip thickness formulation dedicated to micro-end-milling with circular tool path rather than approximating it with formulations derived for linear tool path. © Authors 2011. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Chip thickness Cutting force measurements Cutting force signals Cutting forces End-milling Feed-rates Material removal Micro milling Micro-end-milling Rotation angles Rotational speed Toolpaths Cutting Micromachining Milling (machining) Signal processing Scanning 2012 0954-4062 226 6 1589 1600 12 10.1177/0954406211423575 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Automotive (AUTO-AUTO) Automobile (AUTO-AUTO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269179 d8a395e9-52b5-4682-ae0b-e04ecb1c96e4 A. Sellam aut F. Tebbji aut BRI IRB M. Whiteway aut BRI IRB A. Nantel aut BRI IRB text article eng The ability of Candida albicans to survive in the presence of nitrosative stress during the initial contact with the host immune system is crucial for its ability to colonize mammalian hosts. Thus, this fungus must activate robust mechanisms to neutralize and repair nitrosative-induced damage. Until now, very little was known regarding the regulatory circuits associated with reactive nitrogen species detoxification in fungi. To gain insight into the transcriptional regulatory networks controlling nitrosative stress response (NRS) in C. albicans a compilation of transcriptional regulator-defective mutants were screened. This led to the identification of Cwt1p as a negative regulator of NSR. By combining genome-wide location and expression analyses, we have characterized the Cwt1p regulon and demonstrated that Cwt1p is directly required for proper repression of the flavohemoglobin Yhb1p, a key NO-detoxification enzyme. Furthermore, Cwt1p operates both by activating and repressing genes of specific functions solicited upon NSR. Additionally, we used Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to reinvestigate the C. albicans NSR-transcriptome and demonstrate a significant similarity with the transcriptional profiles of C. albicans interacting with phagocytic host-cells. In summary, we have characterized a novel negative regulator of NSR and bring new insights into the transcriptional regulatory network governing fungal NSR. © 2012 Sellam et al. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes transcription factor transcription factor Cwt1p unclassified drug article Candida albicans controlled study fungal genome fungus mutant gene activation gene expression gene expression profiling gene location gene regulatory network gene repression genetic analysis host cell nitrosative stress nonhuman phagocyte regulon transcription regulation Candida albicans Fungal Proteins Gene Expression Profiling Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal Genomics Oxygenases Promoter Regions, Genetic Reactive Nitrogen Species Stress, Physiological Transcription Factors Transcription, Genetic Candida albicans Fungi Mammalia 2012 1932-6203 7 8 e43956 10.1371/journal.pone.0043956 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI-IRB) Institut de recherche en biotechnologie du CNRC (IRB-BRI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269180 34be012a-2267-48bd-9143-3d9a9efd673f C. Minwalla aut AERO AERO P. Thomas aut K. Ellis aut AERO AERO R. Hornsey aut S. Jennings aut AERO AERO Unmanned Systems Technology XIV, 25 April 2012 through 27 April 2012, Baltimore, MD text article eng A prototype, wide-field, optical sense-and-avoid instrument was constructed from low-cost commercial off-the-shelf components, and configured as a network of smart camera nodes. To detect small, general-aviation aircraft in a timely manner, such a sensor must detect targets at a range of 5-10 km at an update rate of a few Hz. This paper evaluates the flight test performance of the "DragonflEYE" sensor as installed on a Bell 205 helicopter. Both the Bell 205 and the Bell 206 (intruder aircraft) were fully instrumented to record position and orientation. Emphasis was given to the critical case of head-on collisions at typical general aviation altitudes and airspeeds. Imagery from the DragonflEYE was stored for the offline assessment of performance. Methodologies for assessing the key figures of merit, such as the signal-to-noise ratio, the range at first detection (R0) and angular target size were developed. Preliminary analysis indicated an airborne detection range of 6:7 km under typical visual meteorological conditions, which significantly exceeded typical visual acquisition ranges under the same conditions. © 2012 Copyright Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes COTS Flight test MTF sense-and-avoid Smart nodes SNR UAS Accident prevention Aircraft accidents Bells Helicopters Sensors Instruments 2012 0277-786X 9780819490650 8387 83870R 10.1117/12.918641 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269176 4c8a0d50-5cd5-47d5-9642-aff4e9019ef0 R. Liu aut L. Zhang aut IFCI IIPC X. Sun aut H. Liu aut J. Zhang aut IFCI IIPC text chapter eng 2012 yes yes 9783527328697 9783527639496 1 XVII XVIII National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation (IFCI-IIPC) Institut d'innovation en piles à combustible du CNRC (IIPC-IFCI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269171 5f2d7bab-78e2-406d-9880-a1ea384f8813 C. Correia aut HIA IHA J.-P. Véran aut HIA IHA G. Herriot aut HIA IHA B. Ellerbroek aut L. Wang aut L. Gilles aut Adaptive Optics Systems III, 1 July 2012 through 6 July 2012, Amsterdam text article eng Laser-guide-star-based multi-conjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) systems require natural guide-stars to measure tilt and tilt-anisoplanatism modes. This paper focuses on the parameter optimisation of sub-optimal integrator-based controllers using a single and a double integrator (baseline option) to drive the low-order loop of NFIRAOS, the 1st light MCAO system for the Thirty-Meter Telescope. The minimum-variance (MV) controller is outlined, against which integrators are compared. Simulations using ∼500 asterisms considered in sky-coverage simulations for the TMT show that the double integrator gives competitive results thoughout the range of asterisms and magnitudes considered. It is shown that using an optimal modal gain integrator can further improve the performance with respect to using an averaged gain for all of part of the modes. However, it is outperformed by the MV controller, in particular for asterisms with relatively dim stars (lower bound is magnitude 22 in H-band) requiring low temporal frame-rates (as low as 16Hz) to integrate more flux. Over all the cases tested, an average of ∼100 nm rms (23 nm rms median) improvement can be achieved with the MV. The MV further increases by 15% the probability of working below the 50th-percentile residual of the double integrator. © 2012 SPIE. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Advanced control Anisoplanatism Atmospheric tomography Double integrator Kalman-filtering Laser guide star Low order Lower bounds Modal gain Multi-conjugate adaptive optics systems Parameter optimisation Thirty Meter Telescope Lasers Mineralogy Optimization Stars 2012 0277-786X 9780819491480 8447 84471S 10.1117/12.926872 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA-IHA) Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC (IHA-HIA) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269178 14337dcd-f395-43c7-8ad2-58e594044b2d Miyauchi Hiroyuki Miyauchi, H. aut Lacasse Michael A Lacasse, M. A. aut IRC IRC Murata S. aut Enomoto N. aut Tanaka K. aut text article eng The strength of autoclaved lightweight concrete (ALC) is evidently lower than that of normal concrete. Therefore, when movement occurs at a sealed joint between ALC panels, the sealant is required to deform and remain intact without damaging the ALC substrate. However, there is currently not sufficient information to permit evaluation of the expected performance of sealants applied to ALC substrates. In this study, static and dynamic tests were carried out in order to obtain an index that could be used to select the modulus of a sealant that can be expected to provide long-term performance when applied to an ALC substrate. To develop this index, an initial study was carried out in order to clarify actual joint movement between ALC panels of buildings; the expansion and contraction at the joint were measured, and shear joint movement was calculated based on the expected story-to-story drift of an external wall due to earthquake loads. Thereafter, in a subsequent stage of the study, five types of two-component polyurethane sealant products, of different elastic modulus, were subjected to tensile and shear tests from which the relationship between stress and the type of joint fracture was determined. The results from these tests revealed that when the stress is greater than 0.6 to 0.7 N/mm 2, the ALC substrate is more easily fractured than the sealant. In a final stage of the study, the cyclic fatigue resistance of the same two-component sealants was evaluated using tensile and shear fatigue tests. Results from the fatigue tests indicated that the high modulus sealants lost adhesion from the ALC substrate at an early stage in the test. As well, the fatigue resistance of test specimens with joints having three-sided adhesion was lower than that of specimens having normally configured joints with adhesion on two sides of the sealant. Therefore, on the basis of results derived from all the studies, it was determined that a suitable sealant for use on ALC substrates is a sealant having a low modulus that is applied in the normal fashion as a two-sided joint yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Cyclic fatigue Earthquake load Expansion and contraction External walls Fatigue tests Joint fracture Joint movement Joint performance Lightweight concrete panel Long term performance Low modulus Modulus Normal concretes Sealant products Shear joints Shear tests Static and dynamic Test specimens Two-component Wall panels Adhesion Concrete slabs Fatigue of materials Fatigue testing Fracture Precast concrete Substrates Testing Walls (structural partitions) Sealants 2012-01-01 1546-962X 9 1 10.1520/JAI104064 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Research in Construction Institut de recherche en construction du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269186 0d6ee191-428e-43ad-b0df-970281bcb2f6 S. Rocheleau aut BRI IRB M. Sarrazin aut BRI IRB S. Dodard aut BRI IRB C. Beaulieu aut BRI IRB J. Hawari aut BRI IRB B.P. Hollebone aut Z. Yang aut G. Sunahara. aut BRI IRB 35th AMOP Technical Seminar on Environmental Contamination and Response, 5 June 2012 through 7 June 2012, Vancouver, BC text article eng In view of depleting fossil fuel resources and environmental concern, biodiesel couldpotentially replace petroleum-derived diesel. Aquatic toxicity of diesel and biodiesel has beenextensively studied over the past decades but little is still known about their toxicity in soilenvironment. The scope of this study was to evaluate the environmental impact of biodiesel,biodiesel blends and petroleum diesel in soil using direct contact toxicity assays. The selectedbiodiesels included canola-source biodiesel (B100 and B20). and tallow-source biodiesel (B100and B20), which were compared to petroleum ultra-low-sulfur based diesel (ULSD). Selectedstandard terrestrial toxicity tests included ryegrass Lolium perenne seedling emergence andgrowth, earthworm Eisenia fetida survival, and soil microbial dehydrogenase activity. Soilcharacterization included the quantification of total extractable materials (corresponding to the n-alkane range of C10-C34). Preliminary results indicate that: 1) canola and tallow B20 biodieselblends were less toxic to earthworm than ULSD; 2) canola and tallow B20 blends had similartoxic effects to ryegrass as ULSD; and 3) petroleum ULSD inhibited the DHA activity at allconcentrations tested, and B20 canola biodiesel had a deleterious effect on the DHA activity atthe lowest nominal loadings tested (1 and 10 ml/kg dry soil). Therefore, this study providesuseful toxicological data for the evaluation of potential adverse impact of biodiesel in theenvironment, such as an accidental release or spill. This project was funded by EnvironmentCanada and Natural Resources Canada and is part of the Advanced Fuels and Technologies forEmissions Reduction (AFTER) Program for energy research and development (PERD). yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Accidental release Advanced fuels Aquatic toxicity Biodiesel blends Dehydrogenase activity Deleterious effects Direct contact Dry soil Earthworm Eisenia fetida Ecotoxicity Energy research and development Environmental concerns Fossil fuel resources Lolium perenne n-Alkanes Petroleum diesel Seedling emergence Soil organisms Toxicity assays Toxicity test Contamination Fossil fuels Paraffins Soils Sulfur Technical presentations Toxicity Biodiesel 2012 1 12 12 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI-IRB) Institut de recherche en biotechnologie du CNRC (IRB-BRI) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269155 01e96db9-3722-4cec-96ba-8b2e47dd7b72 R.M. Abolfath aut IMS ISM M. Korkusinski aut IMS ISM T. Brabec aut P. Hawrylak aut IMS ISM text article eng Controlling electron spins strongly coupled to magnetic and nuclear spins in solid state systems is an important challenge in the field of spintronics and quantum computation. We show here that electron droplets with no net spin in semiconductor quantum dots strongly coupled with magnetic ion or nuclear spin systems break down at low temperature and form a nontrivial antiferromagnetic spatially ordered spin texture of magnetopolarons. The spatially ordered combined electron-magnetic ion spin texture, associated with spontaneous symmetry breaking in the parity of electronic charge and spin densities and magnetization of magnetic ions, emerges from an ab initio density functional approach to the electronic system coupled with mean-field approximation for the magnetic or nuclear spin system. The predicted phase diagram determines the critical temperature as a function of coupling strength and identifies possible phases of the strongly coupled spin system. The prediction may arrest fluctuations in the spin system and open the way to control, manipulate, and prepare magnetic and nuclear spin ensembles in semiconductor nanostructures. © 2012 American Physical Society. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Ab initio Antiferromagnetics Break down Coupling strengths Critical temperatures Density-functional approach Electron spins Electronic charges Electronic systems Low temperatures Magnetic ions Magnetopolarons Mean field approximation Nuclear spin system Nuclear spins Semiconductor nanostructures Solid-state system Spin densities Spin systems Spin textures Spontaneous symmetry breaking Strongly coupled spin system Antiferromagnetism Computational linguistics Electrospinning Ions Magnetic moments Phase diagrams Quantum computers Semiconductor quantum dots Temperature Textures Spin dynamics 2012 0031-9007 108 24 247203 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.247203 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269158 b9ca551d-31f0-497c-ba94-514484c75de3 H. Guo aut G. Xiao aut IMS ISM N. Mrad aut J. Yao aut text chapter eng yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes 2012 9780470626955 183 223 41 10.1002/9781118310212.ch6 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269163 dd4769dd-5503-48b0-bc4b-ed12f05abc87 K.I. Popov aut A.F. Pegoraro aut SIMS ISSM A. Stolow aut SIMS ISSM L. Ramunno aut 2012 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2012, 6 May 2012 through 11 May 2012, San Jose, CA text article eng Using mathematical modeling and numerical simulations, we examine the image formation in CARS, FM-CARS, AM-SRS and FM-SRS nonlinear Raman-based modalities. We find that in the presence of a nonresonant spatially-nonuniform background medium, only the FM-SRS modality can be considered to be both background and distortion free. © 2012 OSA. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Background medium Microscopy images Nonresonant Lasers Coherent scattering 2012 9781467318396 6326595 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences (SIMS-ISSM) Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC (ISSM-SIMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269165 c2e30a19-ad4a-4d41-8bfc-113c11826869 M. Martina aut IBS ISB text article eng yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes bungarotoxin receptor G protein coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel G protein coupled receptor ion channel potassium channel blocking agent potassium channel HERG unclassified drug vu 573 article cell communication degenerative disease drug cost drug research drug safety drug screening drug targeting heart muscle conduction system heterologous expression high throughput screening human laboratory automation nerve cell membrane potential nerve cell network patch clamp protein analysis 2012 1663-9812 3-May 86 10.3389/fphar.2012.00086 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Biological Sciences (IBS-ISB) Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC (ISB-IBS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269175 bd54699a-5f6e-40d8-9cc8-baccfe05d630 D. Poudyal aut X. Cui aut P. Mai Le aut INMS IENM T. Davis aut A.B. Hofseth aut Y. Jin aut A.A. Chumanevich aut M.J. Wargovich aut M. Nagarkatti aut P.S. Nagarkatti aut A. Windust aut INMS IENM L.J. Hofseth aut text article eng Ulcerative colitis (UC) is debilitating and carries a high colon cancer risk. Apoptosis of inflammatory cells is a key mechanism regulating UC. We have recently shown that American ginseng (AG), and to a greater extent, a Hexane fraction of AG (HAG) can cause apoptosis and suppress mouse colitis through a p53-mediated mechanism. Here, we tested the hypothesis that HAG suppresses colitis through a p53 mechanism. We found only a limited impact of p53 in the ability of HAG to induce inflammatory cell apoptosis and suppress mouse colitis in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we asked whether HAG could cause cell cycle arrest of HCT116 colon cancer cells in vitro. Interestingly, HAG caused a G1 arrest of such cells independent of p53 status. Findings are significant because HAG suppresses colitis and associated colon cancer, and mutation in p53 is observed in most colitis-driven colon cancers. Therefore, HAG might be very effective in targeting the inflammatory cells and cancer cells since it induces apoptosis of inflammatory cells and cell cycle arrest in both p53(-/-) and WT p53 colon cancer cells. © Copyright 2012 Deepak Poudyal et al. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes ginseng extract protein p53 hexane plant extract protein p53 American ginseng animal experiment animal model animal tissue antiinflammatory activity apoptosis article cell cycle arrest colon cancer controlled study gene mutation ginseng human human cell in vitro study in vivo study mouse nonhuman ulcerative colitis animal cell line chemistry colitis colon disease model drug effect fractionation G1 phase cell cycle checkpoint metabolism nick end labeling Panax pathology phytotherapy Animals Apoptosis Cell Line Chemical Fractionation Colitis Colon Disease Models, Animal G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints Hexanes Humans In Situ Nick-End Labeling Mice Panax Phytotherapy Plant Extracts Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 2012 1110-7243 2012 785739 10.1155/2012/785739 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for National Measurement Standards (INMS-IENM) Institut des étalons nationaux de mesure du CNRC (IENM-INMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269152 9c0a5aae-a70e-4c21-8cc0-f623c0747909 H.-P. Loock aut J.A. Barnes aut K. Bescherer aut A. Brzezinski aut G. Gagliardi aut A. Gribble aut S. Janz aut IMS ISM R. Ma aut IMS ISM D. Munzke aut G. Ongo aut J. Saunders aut H. Waechter aut D.-X. Xu aut IMS ISM Photonics and Optoelectronics Meetings (POEM) 2011: Optoelectronic Sensing and Imaging, 2 November 2011 through 5 November 2011, Wuhan text article eng Three examples of cavity-enhanced measurements of refractive index and optical absorption are discussed. Using microphotonic silicon-on-insulator ring-resonators we determine the concentration of cyclohexane and m-xylene at detection levels of 300-3000 ppm. The gases are first absorbed into a siloxane polymer and its refractive index change is detected by a characteristic wavelength shift of the cavity resonance. In a second device phase-shift cavity ring-down spectroscopy is applied to simultaneously measure the optical absorption at two wavelengths of either a dye, nucleic acids or a pharmaceutical component. Multiplexing the ring-down measurement permits dual wavelength absorption spectroscopy without the use of a dispersion element. Finally, a combination of resonance wavelength measurements and cavity ring-down spectroscopy is used to simultaneously determine the change in refractive index and the absorption induced by adsorption of ethylene diamine on a 300 μm silica sphere. A whispering gallery mode of the microsphere resonator is excited with intensity modulated light and the intensity and AM modulation phase of the Rayleigh backscattered light is measured. © 2012 Copyright Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Cavity enhanced spectroscopy cavity ring-down microphotonics microsphere resonators Silicon-on-insulators waveguide cavity Adsorption Ethylene Light absorption Microspheres Nucleic acids Resonators Silica Spectroscopy Spheres Wavelength Refractive index 2012 0277-786X 9780819489890 8332 833204 10.1117/12.920231 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS-ISM) Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC (ISM-IMS) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269162 7766e921-7cf2-4b99-9592-e281708eb812 S. Yandt aut AERO AERO X.-J. Wu aut AERO AERO N. Tsuno aut A. Sato aut 12th International Symposium on Superalloys, Superalloys 2012, 9 September 2012 through 13 September 2012, Seven Springs, PA text article eng In this study, compressive dwell (C-D) and no-dwell (N-D) low-cycle fatigue (LCF) behaviours of several single crystal Ni-base superalloys, including CMSX-4, LSC-11 and LSC-15, were studied under strain-controlled zero-compression (RE = -co) loading at 1100°C. LSC-11 and LSC-15 are new alloys developed by 1H1 Corporation, Japan with 0.8 wt% Re and without Re addition, respectively, as reduced-cost alternatives to the second generation single crystal Ni-base superalloys. The fatigue experiments were conducted with or without a two-minute dwell (hold) in compression and total strain ranges of 0.7%, 0.6% and 0.5% on uncoated specimens in the [001] orientation. Examination of the cyclic stress-strain behavior revealed that the initially compressive mean stress relaxed to approximately zero stress in N-D tests, while compressive hold resulted in the development of a tensile mean stress during C-D fatigue. Cyclic stress softening was observed under all test conditions. Microstructural analysis of tested specimens showed that N-D fatigue promoted isotropic coarsening of the γ′ precipitates, while C-D loading resulted in the formation of discontinuous γ′ rafting parallel to the loading direction. Fatigue cracks initiated from the specimen surface from regions of localized oxide attack. All alloys were compressive dwell sensitive. C-D fatigue lives were 4-15× shorter than N-D when the same alloys were considered. CMSX-4 exhibited 1.5-3× N-D fatigue life advantage over alloys LSC-11 and LSC-15. Under C-D fatigue the life advantage of CMSX-4 was 20-50% greater than alloys LSC-11 and LSC-15. The differences in these behaviours could be attributed to Re content and oxidation. yes This record was machine loaded using metadata from Scopus yes Creep-fatigue Cyclic stress-strain behavior Fatigue experiments Isotropic coarsening Low cycle fatigues Microstructural analysis Ni-base superalloys Second generation Fatigue of materials Nickel Single crystals Superalloys 2012 9780470943205 501 508 8 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Aerospace (AERO-AERO) Aérospatiale (AERO-AERO) National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269161 0a71b1a9-c409-440a-8204-04a94a644319 Eugene Frumker aut Nathaniel Kajumba aut Julien Bertrand aut Hans Worner aut Christoph Hebeisen aut Paul Hockett aut SDT TSR Michael (Mike) Spanner Spanner, Michael aut SDT TSR Serguei Patchkovskii aut SDT TSR Gerhard Paulus aut David M. Villeneuve aut Paul B Corkum Corkum, Paul B. aut 2012 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2012, May 6-11, 2012, San Jose, CA, USA text article eng We report the measurement of high harmonics from oriented molecules in the gas phase. We show that attosecond and re-collision science provides a detailed and sensitive probe of electronic asymmetry in polar molecules. yes yes Attosecond pulse trains Attoseconds Electronic asymmetry Gasphase High harmonics Polar molecules Sensitive probe Lasers Molecules 2012 9781467318396 6327046 10.1364/QELS.2012.QTu1C.4 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269151 28f6013c-cb18-4faa-b335-8be525613a21 Y. Jafer aut H. L. Viktor aut Eric Paquet Paquet, E. aut ICT TIC 2012 10th Annual International Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust, PST 2012, July 16-18 2012, Paris, France text article eng The aim of privacy-preserving data mining is to construct highly accurate predictive models while not disclosing privacy information. Aggregation functions, such as sum and count are often used to pre-process the data prior to applying data mining techniques to relational databases. Often, it is implicitly assumed that the aggregated (or summarized) data are less likely to lead to privacy violations during data mining. This paper investigates this claim, within the relational database domain. We introduce the PBIRD (Privacy Breach Investigation in Relational Databases) methodology. Our experimental results show that aggregation potentially introduces new privacy violations. That is, potentially harmful attributes obtained with aggregation are often different from the ones obtained from non-aggregated databases. This indicates that, even when privacy is enforced on non-aggregated data, it is not automatically enforced on the corresponding aggregated data. Consequently, special care should be taken during model building in order to fully enforce privacy when the data are aggregated. © 2012 IEEE. yes yes Aggregation functions Data mining techniques Predictive models Privacy breaches Privacy information Privacy preserving data mining Privacy violation Relational Database Aggregates Data mining Database systems Data privacy 2012 9781467323260 9781467323239 6297921 67 74 8 10.1109/PST.2012.6297921 Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269149 26be441a-9b02-480f-b4a4-abd515d28095 Gaozhi (George) Xiao Xiao, Gaozhi edt ICT TIC Wojtek J. Bock edt text book 2012-09-18 Wiley eng A cutting-edge look at safety and security applications of photonic sensors. With its many superior qualities, photonic sensing technology is increasingly used in early-detection and early-warning systems for biological hazards, structural flaws, and security threats. Photonic Sensing provides for the first time a comprehensive review of this exciting and rapidly evolving field, focusing on the development of cutting-edge applications in diverse areas of safety and security, from biodetection to biometrics. The book brings together contributions from leading experts in the field, fostering effective solutions for the development of specialized materials, novel optical devices, and networking algorithms and platforms. A number of specific areas of safety and security monitoring are covered, including background information, operation principles, analytical techniques, and applications. Topics include: Document security and structural integrity monitoring, as well as the detection of food pathogens and bacteria Surface plasmon sensors, micro-based cytometry, optofluidic techniques, and optical coherence tomography Optic fiber sensors for explosive detection and photonic liquid crystal fiber sensors for security monitoring Photonics-assisted frequency measurement with promising electronic warfare applications An invaluable, multidisciplinary resource for researchers and professionals in photonic sensing, as well as safety and security monitoring, this book will help readers jump-start their own research and development in areas of physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, mechanics, electronics, and defense. yes yes 9781118310212 9780470626955 047062695X 10.1002/9781118310212 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269148 9c22e57e-c07a-496d-8bb5-8fdb960ece01 Ru-Shi Liu edt Lei Zhang edt IFCI IIPC Xueliang Sun edt Hansan Liu edt IFCI IIPC Jiujun (JJ) Zhang Zhang, Jiujun edt IFCI IIPC text book 2012-01-10 Wiley eng In this handbook and ready reference, editors and authors from academia and industry share their in-depth knowledge of known and novel materials, devices and technologies with the reader. The result is a comprehensive overview of electrochemical energy and conversion methods, including batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, hydrogen generation and storage as well as solar energy conversion. Each chapter addresses electrochemical processes, materials, components, degradation mechanisms, device assembly and manufacturing, while also discussing the challenges and perspectives for each energy storage device in question. In addition, two introductory chapters acquaint readers with the fundamentals of energy storage and conversion, and with the general engineering aspects of electrochemical devices. With its uniformly structured, self-contained chapters, this is ideal reading for entrants to the field as well as experienced researchers. © 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. yes yes 9783527639496 9783527328697 10.1002/9783527639496 National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC) Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) NRC Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation Institut d'innovation en piles à combustible du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269146 200d3da1-bb15-44a7-8f72-4ed4155765b8 Nasser Ghassemi aut Ke Wu aut Stéphane Claude Claude, Stephane aut HIA IHA Xiupu Zhang aut Jens Bornemann aut text article eng A novel class of low-cost, small-footprint and high-gain antenna arrays is presented for W-band applications. A 4 × 4 antenna array is proposed and demonstrated using substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology for the design of its feed network and longitudinal slots in the SIW top metallic surface to drive the array antenna elements. Dielectric cubes of low-permittivity material are placed on top of each 1 × 4 antenna array to increase the gain of the circular patch antenna elements. This new design is compared to a second 4 × 4 antenna array which, instead of dielectric cubes, uses vertically stacked Yagi-like parasitic director elements to increase the gain. Measured impedance bandwidths of the two 4 × 4 antenna arrays are about 7.5 GHz (94.2-101.8 GHz) at 18 ± 1 dB gain level, with radiation patterns and gains of the two arrays remaining nearly constant over this bandwidth. While the fabrication effort of the new array involving dielectric cubes is significantly reduced, its measured radiation efficiency of 81 percent is slightly lower compared to 90 percent of the Yagi-like design. yes yes Antenna array; W-band antenna; Yagi-like antenna; substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) 2012-03 60 3 1648 1653 6 0018-926X 1558-2221 10.1109/TAP.2011.2180346 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269145 f791ca9b-9109-4721-b1da-1feb3790e05e Lei-Yong Jiang Jiang, L. Y. aut AERO AERO Michael W Benner Benner, M. aut AERO AERO Jeffrey W (Jeff) Bird Bird, J. aut AERO AERO text article eng The effectiveness of a helicopter particle separation system has been numerically assessed at practical operating conditions and sand environments for various scenarios. The particle separation mechanism and its limitations are revealed by the predicted flow field characteristics and particle trajectories. The separation-by-inertia concept is effective for removing large particles, but problematic for small particles of diameter ≤36 μm for the configuration and operating conditions considered in the present study. It is also found that particle size, shape factor, and rebound characteristics exert substantial effects on particle scavenge efficiency. However, the effects of gravity, particle inlet velocity, inlet mass distribution, and engine-operating conditions on scavenge efficiency are minor or limited. Finally, a few suggestions for further investigation on engine particle separation systems are included. yes yes 2012-04-01 AHS International 2161-6027 57 2 41 48 8 10.4050/JAHS.57.022007 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269133 b2b2babf-5ffc-4648-bb8c-5e3f312512ec Sun Xiaoli aut ACRD DCRA Kaibin Zhang aut ACRD DCRA Xiuhong Ji aut ACRD DCRA Yanwen Wang aut ACRD DCRA Jeffrey (Jeff) Zidichouski Zidichouski, Jeffrey aut IRAP PARI Yan Tong aut Huimin Gao aut Junzeng Zhang aut ACRD DCRA Zhimin Wang aut text article eng The present study was conducted to develop new inhibitors of pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase from Chinese dietary herbs. Sixty-three dietary herbs from 39 taxonomic families were selected and extracted with aqueous ethanol or water. The extracts were then tested with in vitro enzyme assays for their ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase activities. Orlistat and acarbose were used as two positive controls. The extracts of Nelumbo nucifera, Curcuma longa, Piper longum and Morus alba showed strong pancreatic lipase inhibitory effects with IC50 at (28.00±5.51), (5.24±0.51), (14.76±2.58), (4.78±0.58), (3.41±0.67) mg·L-1, respectively. These extracts also showed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 at (1.98±0.13), (0.18±0.007), (0.71±0.08), (0.077±0.005), (0.089±0.006) g·L-1, respectively. The results provide useful information for developing new drugs or natural health products for hyperlipidemia and hypoglycemia from Chinese dietary herbs. yes yes lipase inhibitor; α-glucosidase inhibitor; Chinese dietary herbs; screening 2012-05-01 1001-5302 37 9 1319 1323 5 10.4268/cjcmm20120931 Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Développement des cultures et des ressources aquatiques NRC Industrial Research Assistance Program Programme d'aide à la recherche industrielle du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269132 11c8eb5a-5821-480a-9869-80f2ef79d244 Kevin R Cooper Cooper, Kevin R. aut AERO AERO SAE 2012 World Congress & Exhibition, April 24-26, 2012, Detroit, Michigan, USA text article eng A 1:10-scale wind tunnel development program was undertaken by the National Research Council of Canada and Airshield Inc. in 1994 to develop trailer side skirts that would reduce the aerodynamic drag of single and tandem trailers. Additionally, a second wind tunnel program was performed by the NRC to evaluate the fuel-saving performance of boat-tail panels when used in conjunction with the skirt-equipped single and tandem trailers. Side skirts on tandem, 8.2-m-long trailers (all model dimensions converted to full scale) were found to reduce the wind-averaged drag coefficient at 105 km/h (65 mi/h) by 0.0758. The front pair of skirts alone produced 75% of the total drag reduction from both sets of skirts and the rear pair alone produced 40% of that from both pairs. The sum of the drag reductions from front and rear skirts separately was 115% of that when both sets were fitted, suggesting an interaction between both. The reductions in wind-averaged drag coefficient for single trailers with skirts only were 0.0524 for the 14.6-m trailer and 0.0406 for the 16.2-m single trailer. The data are quoted for skirt ground clearances of 305 mm (12 in.). The 0.50-m-long boat-tail panels combined with the tandem-trailer skirts to increase the wind-averaged drag coefficient reduction to a total of 0.1177. Boat-tails combined with skirts on the single trailers also increased the wind-averaged drag coefficient reductions to totals of 0.1051 and 0.0979 for the 14.6 m and 16.2 m trailers, respectively. Each boat-tail assembly consisted of angled panels attached to the top and the side rear edges of a trailer. The boat-tail panels on the single trailers and the rear trailer of the tandem pair were set at the optimum angle of 15°. The boat-tail panels on the front trailer of the tandem pair were set at 0°. Skirts were predicted to provide fuel savings for the tandem trailers at 105 km/h of 3.79 liters per hundred kilometers (L/(100 km)) (1.61 US gallons per 100 miles - US gal/(100 mi)) and 2.18 L/(100 km) (0.93 US gal/(100 mi)) and of 1.95 L/(100 km) (0.83 US gal/(100 mi)) for the 14.6-m and 16.2-m single trailers, respectively. It is not known why the longer trailer had the smaller fuel saving. The addition of boat-tail panels increased the predicted fuel savings for the skirt-equipped tandem trailers to 5.88 L/(100 km) (2.50 US gal/(100 mi)) and increased the fuel savings of the 14.6 m and 16.2 m single, skirt-equipped trailers to 5.25 L/(100 km) (2.23 US gal/(100 mi)) and to 4.89 L/(100 km) (2.08 US gal/(100 mi)), respectively. Track tests were undertaken using 8.2-m-long, skirt-equipped tandem trailers to verify the fuel-saving predictions based on the wind tunnel drag data. The boat-tails were not track tested. The track tests were performed by the staff at the Goodyear Proving Grounds in San Angelo, Texas. They demonstrated that skirts provided fuel savings of from 0.86 L/(100 km) to 3.54 L/(100 km), with the largest savings in the strongest side winds. The average track-test fuel saving measured over all runs was 2.29 L/(100 km) at an average road speed of 88 km/h. The average wind-tunnel-based prediction for these track runs was 2.25 L/(100 km), using a wind-averaged drag coefficient calculated for the wind conditions of each run. This was within one percent of the average of the track measurements. The wind speeds during the track tests were generally lower than the national average 11.3 km/h wind at truck mid height, averaging only 8 km/h. This indicated that the average fuel saving on the track was less than would be expected annually in North America. The track-test results confirmed the fuel-saving potential of skirts and demonstrated the reliability of fuel-saving predictions made from high-quality wind tunnel data. This correlation was only possible because the track-side winds were measured during each run. yes yes Fuel Consumption; Aerodynamics; Heavy trucks 2012-04-16 SAE International 5 1 1 17 17 10.4271/2012-01-0104 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269131 3f5a5533-59f8-4686-ae03-7f8a527af133 Jean-François Béland aut AST ATS Guillaume D'Amours aut AST ATS SAE 2012 World Congress & Exhibition, April 24-26, 2012, Detroit, Michigan, USA text article 2012-04-16 SAE International eng Lightweight tubular products offering enhanced stiffness and strength have always been of major concern for transportation and recreational applications. Hence, industries have turned to complex-shaped tubes to increase product performance and reduce energy costs. High-performance aluminum alloys, like 7075 for instance, have good mechanical properties such as high strength, but low formability at ambient temperature. Fortunately, hot tensile tests on 7075 samples have yielded an increase in formability with temperature. Therefore, testing has recently been launched at the Aluminum Technology Center to develop a new product application. More precisely, a 1,000-ton hydraulic press was equipped with +600°C heating plates and fitted with a bicycle handlebar mold. The plates provide 10 separate heating zones that can be adjusted independently. A thermo-mechanical model was also developed using LS-DYNA to determine tube temperatures around the heating zones. Hot tensile test results were also utilized to model tube behavior using an elastic viscoplastic temperature-dependent material constitutive law to predict tube wall stresses and strains. The finite element model can predict tube temperatures and gas pressures relative to time. Hot-forming process parameters were rapidly adjusted to successfully produce perfect handlebars. Conclusions not only include successful application where high formability is required, but also lead to a significant decrease in forming loads and lower tooling and mechanical energy costs. yes yes 2012-01-0539 10.4271/2012-01-0539 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Automotive and Surface Transportation Automobile et transport de surface National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269130 1348c97e-a377-47cb-a101-5c3ac0f89f44 Jason Leuschen aut AERO AERO Youssef Mébarki aut AERO AERO SAE 2012 Commercial Vehicle Engineering Congress, October 2-3, 2012, Rosemont, Illinois, USA text article eng The objective of this study was to assess the antimicrobial resistance and virulence genotypes of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from samples obtained from a commercial pork processing plant. A total of 200 samples were randomly obtained from carcasses after bleeding (BC; 50 samples) and pasteurization (PC; 100 samples) and from retail pork products (RP; 50 samples). One isolate from each E. faecalis –positive sample was analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility and characterized using a enterococcal microarray for analysis of resistance and virulence genes. E. faecalis was isolated from 79.5% of BC samples, 2% of PC samples, and 72.7% of RP samples. Resistance to the clinically important drugs ciprofloxacin (one isolate each from BC and RP samples) and daptomycin (one isolate each from PC and RP samples) was found. Multiresistance (to five or more antimicrobials) was more common in E. faecalis isolates from BC (77.4% of isolates) samples than those from PC (25%) and RP (37.6%) samples. Resistance to kanamycin (43.5%) and streptomycin (69.2%) was noted mostly in E. faecalis from BC samples. The most common resistance genes (>5% prevalence) found in E. faecalis were those for aminoglycosides (aac(6), aphA3, and aadE), macrolides-lincosamide (ermB, ermA, sat(4), and linB), and tetracyclines (tetL, tetM, and tetO ). The virulence genes expressing adhesion (ace, efaAfs, and agrBfs), gelatinase (gelE), and pheromone (cAM, ccF10, cob, and cpd1) factors were found in the majority of isolates. Significant associations were found between resistance and virulence genes, suggesting their possible relationship. These data suggest that carcasses entering the final product processing area are mostly free of E. faecalis but are recontaminated with antimicrobial-resistant strains during processing. The source of these contaminants remains to be identified; however, these results underscore the importance of E. faecalis as a reservoir of resistance and virulence genes. yes yes 2012-09-24 SAE International 5 2 640 649 10 10.4271/2012-01-2047 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269129 25c809ee-3468-4529-8360-886d828cf7ca Mueen Aslam aut Moussa S. Diarra aut Luke Masson aut HHT TSH text article eng The objective of this study was to assess the antimicrobial resistance and virulence genotypes of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from samples obtained from a commercial pork processing plant. A total of 200 samples were randomly obtained from carcasses after bleeding (BC; 50 samples) and pasteurization (PC; 100 samples) and from retail pork products (RP; 50 samples). One isolate from each E. faecalis –positive sample was analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility and characterized using a enterococcal microarray for analysis of resistance and virulence genes. E. faecalis was isolated from 79.5% of BC samples, 2% of PC samples, and 72.7% of RP samples. Resistance to the clinically important drugs ciprofloxacin (one isolate each from BC and RP samples) and daptomycin (one isolate each from PC and RP samples) was found. Multiresistance (to five or more antimicrobials) was more common in E. faecalis isolates from BC (77.4% of isolates) samples than those from PC (25%) and RP (37.6%) samples. Resistance to kanamycin (43.5%) and streptomycin (69.2%) was noted mostly in E. faecalis from BC samples. The most common resistance genes (>5% prevalence) found in E. faecalis were those for aminoglycosides (aac(6), aphA3, and aadE), macrolides-lincosamide (ermB, ermA, sat(4), and linB), and tetracyclines (tetL, tetM, and tetO ). The virulence genes expressing adhesion (ace, efaAfs, and agrBfs), gelatinase (gelE), and pheromone (cAM, ccF10, cob, and cpd1) factors were found in the majority of isolates. Significant associations were found between resistance and virulence genes, suggesting their possible relationship. These data suggest that carcasses entering the final product processing area are mostly free of E. faecalis but are recontaminated with antimicrobial-resistant strains during processing. The source of these contaminants remains to be identified; however, these results underscore the importance of E. faecalis as a reservoir of resistance and virulence genes. yes yes 2012-08-01 International Association for Food Protection 0362-028X 75 8 1486 1491 6 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-524 Human Health Therapeutics Thérapeutiques en santé humaine National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269128 233f0b9b-ba6a-4bee-bba6-9aaffd1644a0 Michael J. Shields aut Kristen R. Hahn aut Timothy W. Janzen aut Noriko Goji aut Matthew C. Thomas aut Cesar Bin I. Kingombe aut Chantal Paquet aut SDT TSR Arnold Kell Kell, Arnold J. aut SDT TSR Kingsley K. Amoako aut text article eng Food is a vulnerable target for potential bioterrorist attacks; therefore, a critical mitigation strategy is needed for the rapid concentration and detection of biothreat agents from food matrices. Magnetic beads offer a unique advantage in that they have a large surface area for efficient capture of bacteria. We have demonstrated the efficient capture and concentration of Bacillus anthracis (Sterne) spores using immunomagnetic beads for a potential food application. Magnetic beads from three different sources, with varying sizes and surface chemistries, were functionalized with monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antibodies from commercial sources and used to capture and concentrate anthrax spores from spiked food matrices, including milk, apple juice, bagged salad, processed meat, and bottled water. The results indicated that the Pathatrix beads were more effective in the binding and capture of anthrax spores than the other two bead types investigated. Furthermore, it was observed that the use of polyclonal antibodies resulted in a more efficient recovery of anthrax spores than the use of monoclonal antibodies. Three different magnetic capture methods, inversion, the Pathatrix Auto system, and the new i CropTheBug system, were investigated. The i CropTheBug system yielded a much higher recovery of spores than the Pathatrix Auto system. Spore recoveries ranged from 80 to 100% for the i CropTheBug system when using pure spore preparations, whereas the Pathatrix Auto system had recoveries from 20 to 30%. Spore capture from food samples inoculated at a level of 1 CFU/ml resulted in 80 to 100% capture for milk, bottled water, and juice samples and 60 to 80% for processed meat and bagged salad when using the i CropTheBug system. This efficient capture of anthrax spores at very low concentrations without enrichment has the potential to enhance the sensitivity of downstream detection technologies and will be a useful method in a foodborne bioterrorism response. yes yes 2012-07-01 International Association for Food Protection 0362-028X 75 7 1243 1248 6 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-048 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269127 1f4bf0d6-621c-45a4-afff-de8c851157bd S. Papavinasam aut Bernard Arsenault Arsenault, B. aut AST ATS M. Attard aut R. W. Revie aut text article eng This paper presents the concept of introducing a third line of defense in the form of a metallic under-layer coating—in addition to the traditional polymeric coating and applied cathodic protection (CP)—to protect the external surface of oil and gas pipelines. The three levels of protection would be the metallic under-layer coating, the polymeric top-layer coating, and the applied CP. This three-level system would be beneficial when the applied CP current is shielded from the pipeline by a dis-bonded polymeric coating, thermal insulator, or highly resistive soil. Two different combinations of metallic under-layer and polymeric top-layer coatings are presented to demonstrate this concept: 48%Zn and 52%Al under-layer with four different top-layer coatings: fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE), composite, urethane, and coal tar epoxy. Urethane top-layer coating with four different metallic under-layers: 48%Zn-52%Al, 85%Zn-15%Al, Al, and Zn. The criteria for the successful application of this concept also have been described. yes yes cathodic protection, external corrosion, metallic under-layer coating, oil and gas pipelines, polymeric coating 2012-07-11 0010-9312 68 12 1146 1153 8 10.5006/0566 Automotive and Surface Transportation Automobile et transport de surface National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269126 67e551b5-8a8b-44d1-a853-c8a04afa514d Raafat Aburukba aut Hamada Ghenniwa aut Weiming Shen aut CONST CONST 2012 IEEE 16th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD), 23-25 May 2012, Wuhan, China text article eng In decentralized computational environments applications or services belong to different organizations with different objectives. Grid computing model is appropriate for such environments, in particular for large scale computations. In this paper, decentralization is modeled in terms self-interested, economically inspired agents that attempt to achieve their goals. The objective of this work is to model the Grid scheduling problem based on the nature of the Grid environment and the characteristics of the Grid entities focusing on the resource utilization and completion time objectives. We create a mapping between the Grid scheduling problem and the combinatorial allocation problem and propose an adequate economic-based optimization model and a bidding language for the Grid scheduling problem. The proposed approach is being validated through a prototype implementation using the Coordinated Intelligent Rational Agent (CIR-Agent) model. yes yes Agent oriented; Grid bidding language; Grid computing; decentralized scheduling; economic-based approach 2012-05 IEEE 978-1-4673-1212-7 978-1-4673-1211-0 978-1-4673-1210-3 583 590 8 10.1109/CSCWD.2012.6221877 Construction Construction National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada 21269121 ac7b64da-9ae1-4c27-b3e0-67fc4d8a40de Juris Meija Meija, J. aut MSS SME Zoltan Mester Mester, Z. aut MSS SME A. Pramann aut S. Rabb aut O. Rienitz aut D. Schiel aut Ralph Edward Sturgeon Sturgeon, R. aut MSS SME G. Turk aut R. Vocke aut Lu Yang Yang, L. aut MSS SME 2012 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2012), July 1-6, 2012, Washington, DC, USA text article eng An overview of the present results and status of the molar mass of a silicon crystal highly enriched in ²⁸Si used for a new determination of the Avogadro constant is given with special emphasis on the cooperation between NIST, NRC, and PTB currently working on this topic. Using an experimental combination of multicollector ICP and isotope dilution mass spectrometry, a new approach developed by PTB for the measurement of the isotopic composition has been applied. It focuses on the isotope ratio treatment of ³°Si/²⁹Si mainly, avoiding the more uncertain measurement of ratios related to the main isotope ²⁸Si. yes yes Avogadro constant; isotope dilution mass spectrometry; molar mass; multicollector ICP-mass spectrometry; silicon; uncertainty 2012 IEEE 978-1-4673-0442-9 978-1-4673-0441-2 476 477 2 0589-1485 10.1109/CPEM.2012.6251010 Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada 21269119 633fa62c-621a-4b2d-b0e7-d93adac19ff6 Shawn Whitehead Whitehead, S. N. aut HHT TSH Sandhya Gangaraju Gangaraju, S. aut HHT TSH Amy Aylsworth Aylsworth, A. aut HHT TSH Sheng Hou Hou, S. T. aut HHT TSH text article eng Membrane rafts, rich in sphingolipids and cholesterol, play an important role in neuronal membrane domain-specific signaling events, maintaining synapses and dendritic spines. The purpose of this study is to examine the neuronal response to membrane raft disruption. Membrane rafts of 8 DIV primary neuronal cultures were isolated based on the resistance to Triton X-100 and ability to float in sucrose gradients. Membrane rafts from primary cortical neurons were also imaged using the membrane raft marker, cholera toxin subunit-B (CTxB), and were co-immunolabelled with the dendritic microtubule associated protein marker, MAP-2, the dendritic and axonal microtubule protein, β-III-Tubulin, and the axonal microtubule protein, Tau. Exposure of cortical neurons to either the cholesterol depleting compound, methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MBC), or to the glycosphingolipid metabolism inhibiting agent D-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3- morpholino-1-propanol (D-PDMP), resulted in neuritic retraction prior to the appearance of neuronal death. Further investigation into the effects of MBC revealed a pronounced perturbation of microtubule protein association with membrane rafts during neuritic retraction. Interestingly, stabilizing microtubules with Paclitaxel did not prevent MBC induced neuritic retraction, suggesting that neuritic retraction occurred independently of microtubule disassembly and that microtubule association with membrane rafts is critical for maintaining neuritic stability. Overall, the data indicated that membrane rafts play an important role in neurite stability and neuronal viability. yes yes 2012 6 4 183 191 9 10.5582/bst.2012.v6.4.183 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Human Health Therapeutics Thérapeutiques en santé humaine National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269114 c7c81d82-4789-413b-80d0-47c989c51355 Krzysztof Szilder aut AERO AERO Stuart A McIlwain McIlwain, Stuart aut AERO AERO text article eng The intensive deployment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for surveillance and reconnaissance missions during the last couple of decades has revealed their vulnerability to icing conditions. At present, a common icing avoidance strategy is simply not to fly when icing is forecast. Consequently, UAV missions in cold seasons and cold regions can be delayed for days when icing conditions persist. While this approach limits substantially the failure of UAV missions as a result of icing, there is obviously a need to develop all-weather capabilities. A key step in accomplishing this objective is to understand better the influence of a smaller geometry and a lower speed on the ice accretion process, relative to the extensively researched area of in-flight icing for traditional aircraft configurations characterized by high Reynolds number. Our analysis of the influence of Reynolds number on the ice accretion process is performed for the NACA0012 airfoil. Analytical analysis of the integrated mass and energy balance equations along the airfoil surface allows the identification of regimes of rime and glaze formation, as well as the ice accretion extent as a function of static air temperature and liquid water content. For each Reynolds number, a Computational Fluid Dynamics solver computes the airflow field and the distributions of Stanton number and static air pressure along the airfoil surface. Next, a drop trajectory solver computes the distribution of collection efficiency along the airfoil for a given drop size. Finally, a morphogenetic model is used to predict the ice accretion shape and its extent over the entire Reynolds number range under consideration. Our analysis highlights the differences between ice accretions on components of traditional aircraft and UAVs, arising from their differences in cruising speed and airfoil dimensions. yes yes 2012-07-19 0010-9312 58 2 83 94 12 10.5589/q12-007 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269113 3f2156d5-1e5e-46ce-8a51-93e4730539a5 Manouchehr Nejad Ensan Nejad Ensan, M. aut AERO AERO David G (Dave) Zimcik Zimcik, D. G. aut AERO AERO text article eng Spacecraft components encounter mechanical shock from a variety of sources. Components must withstand a series of flight shock pulses and must be designed and tested accordingly to ensure reliability. This paper presents a “Design for Shock” methodology to accurately analyze the response to shock for components under the short duration dynamic loading to assess component structural integrity and demonstrate design robustness. This methodology uses a more realistic simulation of the response of the component to shock loading using a wave propagation solution based on explicit time integration of the transient shock event rather than a stationary random and (or) quasi-static approach which has been traditionally used for this analysis. This approach was applied to a sensitive scientific instrument to demonstrate its effectiveness. The method is shown to provide a more accurate simulation of the shock event thereby reducing the unknown conservatism of the stationary random and (or) quasi-static approach while providing accurate simulation of the transient dynamic response of the structure. yes yes 2012-07-27 0010-9312 58 2 105 114 10 10.5589/q12-009 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269112 f917b846-caf5-434e-a6ca-059636310179 Mark Jones Jones, M. aut IFCI IIPC Rees Jenkin Llewellyn Llewellyn, R. J. aut IFCI IIPC text article eng Two commercially available tungsten carbide-based, Ni alloy binder plasma-transferred arc-welded (PTAW) overlays, which had both previously exhibited excellent resistance to slurry erosion (in substantially non-corrosive conditions) and abrasion, were assessed in a more corrosive slurry erosion environment. One overlay consisted of a 50 vol% mixture of crushed eutectic (WC/W2C), spherical eutectic, and tungsten monocarbide (WC) particles in a NiBSi matrix, while the other contained 50 vol% WC in a NiCrBSi matrix. Initial microstructural examination of the mixed carbide/NiBSi overlay confirmed that substantial dissolution/degradation of the spherical eutectic and crushed eutectic carbides had occurred as a consequence of interaction with its matrix alloy constituent at the high temperatures encountered during arc deposition. Conversely, the WC-based overlay exhibited very limited carbide dissolution or degradation. The total erosion-corrosion (E-C) rate, as well as its separate components, namely, erosion, corrosion, and synergy, was established using a novel slurry pot erosion-corrosion (SPEC) tester. The E-C rate for the WC/NiCrBSi overlay was approximately four times less than the E-C rate for the mixed carbide/NiBSi overlay, which performed comparatively poorly. The mixed carbide/NiBSi overlay displayed a very large synergistic value, which accounted for 90% of the total erosion-corrosion rate, with the WC/NiCrBSi showing a synergy level accounting for 50% of the total E-C rate. To establish and compare the damage mechanisms affecting both overlays, a novel technique was implemented where specific regions were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after SPEC testing. This procedure was applied to identify any preferential attack that was occurring and to elucidate the reasons for the significantly different E-C performance of the two products. The main reasons for the inferior performance of the mixed carbide/NiBSi overlay were found to be caused by the attack of the non-Cr bearing matrix and preferential removal of the W/Ni-rich boundary layer and eta-carbides, formed around the eutectic carbides during deposition. yes yes 2012-02 0010-9312 68 2 026003-1 026003-14 10.5006/1.3683231 NRC Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation Institut d'innovation en piles à combustible du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269111 3b2a59a7-3140-435d-98f9-bbeb31629b26 Min-Gu Kang aut Min-Ho Yoon aut Young Jun Choi Choi, Young-Jun aut BRI IRB Jong-Soo Lee aut text article eng This report describes the isolation and identification of a potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor-producing yeasts. Of 731 species of yeast strain, the S-3 strain was selected as a potent producer of AChE inhibitor. The selected S-3 strain was investigated for its microbiological characteristics. The S-3 strain was found to be short-oval yeast that did not form an ascospore. The strain formed a pseudomycelium and grew in yeast malt medium containing 50% glucose and 10% ethanol. Finally, the S-3 strain was identified by its physiological characteristics and 26S ribosomal DNA sequences as Yarrowia lipolytica S-3. yes yes Antidementia acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, Yarrowia lipolytica S-3, 26S rDNA sequences 2012-03-31 1229-8093 2092-9323 40 1 42 46 5 10.5941/MYCO.2012.40.1.042 NRC Biotechnology Research Institute Institut de recherche en biotechnologie du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269110 3681db8d-d639-4fe8-afd6-dfe8e259634b Guillermo E. Villanueva aut Michael Jakubinek Jakubinek, Michael B. aut SIMS ISSM Benoit Simard aut SIMS ISSM Claudio J. Otón aut Li-Yang Shao aut Pere Pérez-Millán aut Jacques Albert aut text article eng Single-wall carbon nanotube deposition on the cladding of optical fibers has been carried out to fabricate an all-fiber nonlinear device. Two different nanotube deposition techniques were studied. The first consisted of repeatedly immersing the optical fiber into a nanotube supension, increasing the thickness of the coating in each step. The second deposition involved wrapping a thin film of nanotubes around the optical fiber. For both cases, interaction of transmitted light through the fiber core with the external coating was assisted by the cladding mode resonances of a tilted fiber Bragg grating. Ultrafast nonlinear effects of the nanotube-coated fiber were measured by means of a pump- probe pulses experiment. yes yes Fiber Bragg Grating, Non-Linear Materials, Fiber Devices 2012 21718814 00303917 45 2 177 182 6 10.7149/OPA.45.2.177 NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269107 d5f8a10f-ebb2-45fb-b72e-a8822db49a1a Susan King aut Pierre Courvoisier aut Serge Guiot aut BRI IRB Suzelle Barrington aut text article eng In-storage psychrophilic anaerobic digestion develops by microbial acclimation in covered swine-manure storage tanks, producing CH4 and stabilizing organic matter. To optimize the system's performance, the process kinetics must be understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate kinetic parameters describing the major stages in the digestion process, and to investigate the effect of temperature acclimation on these parameters. Specific activity tests were performed using manure inocula and five substrates at three incubation temperatures. Extant substrate activities were determined analytically for each case, and intrinsic kinetic parameters for glucose uptake were estimated by grid search fitting to the Monod model. The results demonstrate that this acclimated microbial community exhibits different kinetic parameters to those of the mesophilic communities currently modelled in the literature, with increased activity at low temperatures, varying with substrate and temperature. For glucose, the higher uptake is accompanied by lower microbial yield and half-saturation constant. Decomposing these values suggests that active psychrophilic and mesophilic microbial populations co-exist within the community. This work also confirms that a new method of assessing microbial substrate kinetics must be developed for manure microbial communities, separating microbial mass from other suspended organics. yes yes psychrophilic anaerobic digestion, specific substrate uptake, manure treatment, microbial kinetics, swine manure 2012-01-24 0959-3330 1479-487X 33 15 1763 1772 10 10.1080/09593330.2011.644867 NRC Biotechnology Research Institute Institut de recherche en biotechnologie du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269105 ea0a3824-1f41-415d-9242-63a682772846 Felipe Morales aut Ingo Barth aut Valeria Serbinenko aut Serguei Patchkovskii aut SDT TSR Olga Smirnova aut text article eng We show how laser control over both electronic and hole dynamics in aligned molecules can be used to shape polarization of attosecond pulses produced via high harmonic generation driven by two-color, linearly polarized laser fields. yes yes attosecond science, high harmonic generation, attosecond pulses, polarization, nonlinear and ultrafast optics (inc. harmonic generation, multiphoton spectroscopy) 2012-09-11 0950-0340 1362-3044 59 15 1303 1311 9 10.1080/09500340.2012.690051 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269098 069acb0f-d271-492d-8d3d-dbfbde8e9cda Mojtaba Rezaei aut N. Moazzen-Ahmadi aut A Robert (Bob) McKellar McKellar, A. R. W. aut SDT TSR Berta Fernández aut David Farrelly aut text article eng The weakly bound complex He–C2D2 is studied in the ν 3 fundamental band of C2D2 (≈2440 cm−¹) using a tuneable infrared diode laser to probe a pulsed supersonic slit jet expansion. This is the first published spectrum for helium–acetylene. Transitions observed in the region of the C2D2 R(0) line are assigned with the help of theoretical results based on an ab initio intermolecular potential, and fitted using a simple Coriolis model. The results indicate that the complex is rather close to the free rotor limit, helping to explain the absence of previous data. Scaled parameters from the model are used to predict a spectrum for He–C2H2. yes yes helium, acetylene, dimer, spectroscopy, infrared, van der Waals 2012-06-18 0026-8976 1362-3028 110 21-22 2743 2750 8 10.1080/00268976.2012.699108 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269092 b0f849a8-6632-4493-b96e-3f2a10f3faf1 W. Ghonaim aut H. Ghenniwa aut Weiming Shen Shen, W. aut CONST CONST 2012 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2012), 20-24 August 2012, Seoul, Korea (South) text article eng The frequent transfers' challenge of workpieces between multiple resources is quite evident in the production process of customized parts. In fact, special jobs' transfers and processing, often, require workpiece unloading, transport and loading with, rather, idling and reconfiguration of resources that impact much job completion time and resource utilization. The overlapping capabilities of machine tools, otherwise, are common with, typically, few special tooling. In such settings, the overlapping and special tooling capabilities intensify the complexity of the assignment problem, mainly, when allocating the operations of arbitrary processing times. This work targets the efficient assignment of unrelated jobs of operations with arbitrary processing time to multiple resources of partially overlapping capabilities. The work introduces a formal model and a more efficient solution approach for minimizing jobs' transfer and balancing workloads. The sequencing problem of the assigned unrelated jobs would be, then, an orthogonal problem, of less significance, that can be tackled separately. yes yes job shop scheduling; machine tools; manufacturing resources planning; resource allocation 2012-12-24 IEEE 978-1-4673-0430-6 978-1-4673-0429-0 978-1-4673-0428-3 341 346 6 10.1109/CoASE.2012.6386373 Construction Construction National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada 21269091 894dc329-cb99-4959-9767-cbfae79fce92 J. Norooz Oliaee aut N. Moazzen-Ahmadi aut A Robert (Bob) McKellar McKellar, A. R. W. aut SDT TSR text article eng Spectra of acetylene dimers and trimers containing one or more C2D2 monomer are studied in the ν3 fundamental band region of C2D2 (≈2440 cm−¹) using a tuneable infrared diode laser to probe a pulsed supersonic slit jet expansion. Four new subbands are observed in the perpendicular band of (C2D2)2, and this enables the first direct determination of the A rotational constant for an acetylene dimer. The value found for A is significantly larger than the previous indirect value based on microwave spectra. The dimer parallel band is observed and found to be highly perturbed, and observations are extended for the mixed dimer C2D2 – C2H2. The trimers (C2D2)3, (C2D2)2 – C2H2, and C2D2 – (C2H2)2 are observed spectroscopically for the first time. Establishment of a precise band origin is difficult for (C2D2)3 because of the inherent nature of the spectrum, but this is possible for two out of three of the bands of the mixed trimers. yes yes acetylene, dimer, trimer, cluster, spectroscopy, infrared, van der Waals 2012-06-14 0026-8976 1362-3028 110 21-22 2797 2805 9 10.1080/00268976.2012.697588 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269090 81cd5381-8300-4ff8-8a68-9b597f67f230 Harald Nothaft aut Nichollas E. Scott aut Evguenii Vinogradov Vinogradov, Evgeny aut HHT TSH Xin Liu aut HHT TSH Rui (Clare) Hu Hu, Rui aut HHT TSH Bernadette Beadle aut Christopher Fodor aut Willian G. Miller aut Jianjun Li aut HHT TSH Stuart J. Cordwell aut Christine M. Szymanski aut text article eng The foodborne bacterial pathogen, Campylobacter jejuni, possesses an N-linked protein glycosylation (pgl) pathway involved in adding conserved heptasaccharides to asparagine-containing motifs of >60 proteins, and releasing the same glycan into its periplasm as free oligosaccharides. In this study, comparative genomics of all 30 fully sequenced Campylobacter taxa revealed conserved pgl gene clusters in all but one species. Structural, phylogenetic and immunological studies showed that the N-glycosylation systems can be divided into two major groups. Group I includes all thermotolerant taxa, capable of growth at the higher body temperatures of birds, and produce the C. jejuni-like glycans. Within group I, the niche-adapted C. lari subgroup contain the smallest genomes among the epsilonproteobacteria, and are unable to glucosylate their pgl pathway glycans potentially reminiscent of the glucosyltransferase regression observed in the O-glycosylation system of Neisseria species. The nonthermotolerant Campylobacters, which inhabit a variety of hosts and niches, comprise group II and produce an unexpected diversity of N-glycan structures varying in length and composition. This includes the human gut commensal, C. hominis, which produces at least four different N-glycan structures, akin to the surface carbohydrate diversity observed in the well-studied commensal, Bacteroides. Both group I and II glycans are immunogenic and cell surface exposed, making these structures attractive targets for vaccine design and diagnostics. yes yes 2012-08-02 1535-9476 1535-9484 11 11 1203 1219 17 10.1074/mcp.M112.021519 Human Health Therapeutics Thérapeutiques en santé humaine National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269088 01f49d78-f3c4-4481-8679-7c620327137e Laura K. Greenfield aut Michele R. Richards aut Evguenii Vinogradov Vinogradov, Evgeny aut HHT TSH Warren W Wakarchuk Wakarchuk, Warren W. aut HHT TSH Todd L. Lowary aut Chris Whitfield aut text article eng The Escherichia coli O9a and O8 polymannose O-polysaccharides (O-PSs) serve as model systems for the biosynthesis of bacterial polysaccharides by ATP-binding cassette transporter-dependent pathways. Both O-PSs contain a conserved primer-adaptor domain at the reducing terminus and a serotype-specific repeat unit domain. The repeat unit domain is polymerized by the serotype-specific WbdA mannosyltransferase. In serotype O9a, WbdA is a bifunctional α-(1→2)-, α-(1→3)-mannosyltransferase, and its counterpart in serotype O8 is trifunctional (α-(1→2), α-(1→3), and β-(1→2)). Little is known about the detailed structures or mechanisms of action of the WbdA polymerases, and here we establish that they are multidomain enzymes. WbdA^O9a contains two separable and functionally active domains, whereas WbdA^O8 possesses three. In WbdC^O9a and WbdB^O9a, substitution of the first Glu of the EX7E motif had detrimental effects on the enzyme activity, whereas substitution of the second had no significant effect on activity in vivo. Mutation of the Glu residues in the EX7E motif of the N-terminal WbdA^O9a domain resulted in WbdA variants unable to synthesize O-PS. In contrast, mutation of the Glu residues in the motif of the C-terminal WbdA^O9a domain generated an enzyme capable of synthesizing an altered O-PS repeat unit consisting of only α-(1→2) linkages. In vitro assays with synthetic acceptors unequivocally confirmed that the N-terminal domain of WbdA^O9a possesses α-(1→2)-mannosyltransferase activity. Together, these studies form a framework for detailed structure-function studies on individual domains and a strategy applicable for dissection and analysis of other multidomain glycosyltransferases. yes yes Bacteria; Biosynthesis; Glycoconjugate; Glycosyltransferases; Lipopolysaccharide (LPS); E. coli; O-polysaccharide; Mannosyltransferase; Modular Enzyme; Polymerase 2012-09-18 0021-9258 1083-351X 287 45 38135 38149 15 10.1074/jbc.M112.412577 Human Health Therapeutics Thérapeutiques en santé humaine National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269087 a086cbd3-35a4-4fb8-ad2d-e2b05c1372cd Laura K. Greenfield aut Michele R. Richards aut Jianjun Li aut HHT TSH Warren W Wakarchuk Wakarchuk, Warren W. aut HHT TSH Todd L. Lowary aut Chris Whitfield aut text article eng The Escherichia coli O9a and O8 O-antigen serotypes represent model systems for the ABC transporter-dependent synthesis of bacterial polysaccharides. The O9a and O8 antigens are linear mannose homopolymers containing conserved reducing termini (the primer-adaptor), a serotype-specific repeat unit domain, and a terminator. Synthesis of these glycans occurs on the polyisoprenoid lipid-linked primer, undecaprenol pyrophosphoryl-GlcpNAc, by two conserved mannosyltransferases, WbdC and WbdB, and a serotype-specific mannosyltransferase, WbdA. The glycan structure and pattern of conservation in the O9a and O8 mannosyltransferases are not consistent with the existing model of O9a biosynthesis. Here we establish a revised pathway using a combination of in vivo (mutant complementation) experiments and in vitro strategies with purified enzymes and synthetic acceptors. WbdC and WbdB synthesize the adaptor region, where they transfer one and two α-(1→3)-linked mannose residues, respectively. The WbdA enzymes are solely responsible for forming the repeat unit domains of these O-antigens. WbdA^O9a has two predicted active sites and polymerizes a tetrasaccharide repeat unit containing two α-(1→3)- and two α-(1→2)-linked mannopyranose residues. In contrast, WbdA^O8 polymerizes trisaccharide repeat units containing single α-(1→3)-, α-(1→2)-, and β-(1→2)-mannopyranoses. These studies illustrate assembly systems exploiting several mannosyltransferases with flexible active sites, arranged in single- and multiple-domain formats. yes yes Cell Wall; Escherichia coli; Glycobiology' Glycoconjugate; Glycosyltransferases; Lipopolysaccharide (LPS); O-antigen; Bacterial Cell Envelope; Mannosyltransferases; Polysaccharides; O-polysaccharide; Glycan Synthesis 2012-08-08 0021-9258 1083-351X 287 42 35078 35091 14 10.1074/jbc.M112.401000 Human Health Therapeutics Thérapeutiques en santé humaine National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269086 bd5ea567-1a63-4674-8f4d-e7c312a1c6f0 Abderrahman El Maarouf aut Damali Moyo-Lee Yaw aut Theresa Lindhout aut Damien D. Pearse aut Warren W Wakarchuk Wakarchuk, Warren aut HHT TSH Urs Rutishauser aut text article eng In vertebrates, polysialic acid (PSA) is typically added to the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in the Golgi by PST or STX polysialyltransferase. PSA promotes plasticity, and its enhanced expression by viral delivery of the PST or STX gene has been shown to promote cellular processes that are useful for repair of the injured adult nervous system. Here we demonstrate a new strategy for PSA induction on cells involving addition of a purified polysialyltransferase from Neisseria meningitidis (PSTNm) to the extracellular environment. In the presence of its donor substrate (CMP-Neu5Ac), PSTNm synthesized PSA directly on surfaces of various cell types in culture, including Chinese hamster ovary cells, chicken DF1 fibroblasts, primary rat Schwann cells, and mouse embryonic stem cells. Similarly, injection of PSTNm and donor in vivo was able to produce PSA in different adult brain regions, including the cerebral cortex, striatum, and spinal cord. PSA synthesis by PSTNm requires the presence of the donor CMP-Neu5Ac, and the product could be degraded by the PSA-specific endoneuraminidase-N. Although PSTNm was able to add PSA to NCAM, most of its product was attached to other cell surface proteins. Nevertheless, the PSTNm-induced PSA displayed the ability to attenuate cell adhesion, promote neurite outgrowth, and enhance cell migration as has been reported for endogenous PSA-NCAM. Polysialylation by PSTNm occurred in vivo in less than 2.5 h, persisted in tissues, and then decreased within a few weeks. Together these characteristics suggest that a PSTNm-based approach may provide a valuable alternative to PST gene therapy. yes yes Adhesion; Bioengineering; Glycobiology; Glycoprotein Biosynthesis; Glycosyltransferases; Cell Surface; Neuroplasticity; Polysialic Acid; Polysialyltransferase; Tissue Repair 2012-07-31 0021-9258 1083-351X 287 39 32770 32779 10 10.1074/jbc.M112.377614 Human Health Therapeutics Thérapeutiques en santé humaine National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269085 b773fd80-ec49-43c5-9171-de75bcb5f0fa Markus Wilhelms aut Kelly Fulton Fulton, Kelly M. aut HHT TSH Susan (Sue) Twine Twine, Susan M. aut HHT TSH Juan M. Tomas aut Susana Merino aut text article eng Polar and lateral flagellin proteins from Aeromonas hydrophila strain AH-3 (serotype O34) were found to be glycosylated with different carbohydrate moieties. The lateral flagellin was modified at three sites in O-linkage, with a single monosaccharide of 376 Da, which we show to be a pseudaminic acid derivative. The polar flagellin was modified with a heterogeneous glycan, comprised of a heptasaccharide, linked through the same 376-Da sugar to the protein backbone, also in O-linkage. In-frame deletion mutants of pseudaminic acid biosynthetic genes pseB and pseF homologues resulted in abolition of polar and lateral flagellar formation by posttranscriptional regulation of the flagellins, which was restored by complementation with wild type pseB or F homologues or Campylobacter pseB and F. yes yes Bacteria; Genetics; Glycoprotein; Molecular Biology; Mutagenesis; Flagellin; Mass Spectrometry; Pseudaminic Acid 2012-06-25 0021-9258 1083-351X 287 33 27851 27862 12 10.1074/jbc.M112.376525 Human Health Therapeutics Thérapeutiques en santé humaine National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269084 231964a8-d413-4bfe-85a1-ecb09a19ef3f Stefan Geiss-liebisch aut Suzan H. M. Rooijakkers aut Agnieszka Beczala aut Patricia Sanchez-Carballo aut Karolina Kruszynska aut Christian Repp aut Tuerkan Sakinc aut Evguenii Vinogradov Vinogradov, Evgeny aut HHT TSH Otto Holst aut Johannes Huebner aut Christian Theilacker aut text article eng The complement system is part of our first line of defense against invading pathogens. The strategies used by Enterococcus faecalis to evade recognition by human complement are incompletely understood. In this study, we identified an insertional mutant of the wall teichoic acid (WTA) synthesis gene tagB in E. faecalis V583 that exhibited an increased susceptibility to complement-mediated killing by neutrophils. Further analysis revealed that increased killing of the mutant was due to a higher rate of phagocytosis by neutrophils, which correlated with higher C3b deposition on the bacterial surface. Our studies indicated that complement activation via the lectin pathway was much stronger on the tagB mutant compared with wild type. In concordance, we found an increased binding of the key lectin pathway components mannose-binding lectin and mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2) on the mutant. To understand the mechanism of lectin pathway inhibition by E. faecalis, we purified and characterized cell wall carbohydrates of E. faecalis wild type and V583ΔtagB. NMR analysis revealed that the mutant strain lacked two WTAs with a repeating unit of →6)[α-L-Rhap-(1→3)]β-D-GalpNAc-(1→5)-Rbo-1-P and →6) β-D-Glcp-(1→3) [α-D-Glcp-(1→4)]-β-D-GalpNAc-(1→5)-Rbo-1-P→, respectively (Rbo, ribitol). In addition, compositional changes in the enterococcal rhamnopolysaccharide were noticed. Our study indicates that in E. faecalis, modification of peptidoglycan by secondary cell wall polymers is critical to evade recognition by the complement system. yes yes Bacterial Pathogenesis; Cell Wall; Immunology; Innate Immunity; Polysaccharide; Enterococcus faecalis; Complement System; Mannose-binding Lectin; Teichoic Acid 2012-08-20 0021-9258 1083-351X 287 45 37769 37777 9 10.1074/jbc.M112.358283 Human Health Therapeutics Thérapeutiques en santé humaine National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269083 77515935-04bd-4412-9a81-9e728fd6465c Miroslava Cuperlovic-Culf aut ICT TIC Dean Ferguson aut Adrian Culf aut Pier Morin Jr aut Mohamed Touaibia aut text article eng Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common form of malignant glioma, characterized by unpredictable clinical behaviors that suggest distinct molecular subtypes. With the tumor metabolic phenotype being one of the hallmarks of cancer, we have set upon to investigate whether GBMs show differences in their metabolic profiles. ¹H NMR analysis was performed on metabolite extracts from a selection of nine glioblastoma cell lines. Analysis was performed directly on spectral data and on relative concentrations of metabolites obtained from spectra using a multivariate regression method developed in this work. Both qualitative and quantitative sample clustering have shown that cell lines can be divided into four groups for which the most significantly different metabolites have been determined. Analysis shows that some of the major cancer metabolic markers (such as choline, lactate, and glutamine) have significantly dissimilar concentrations in different GBM groups. The obtained lists of metabolic markers for subgroups were correlated with gene expression data for the same cell lines. Metabolic analysis generally agrees with gene expression measurements, and in several cases, we have shown in detail how the metabolic results can be correlated with the analysis of gene expression. Combined gene expression and metabolomics analysis have shown differential expression of transporters of metabolic markers in these cells as well as some of the major metabolic pathways leading to accumulation of metabolites. Obtained lists of marker metabolites can be leveraged for subtype determination in glioblastomas. yes yes bioinformatics; glioblastoma; metabolomics; transcriptomics; tumor metabolism 2012-04-23 American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 0021-9258 1083-351X 287 24 20164 20175 12 10.1074/jbc.M111.337196 Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269082 84a6222c-b0f2-4dfa-8933-b33473b45622 Hao Yu aut Amar Nath Gupta aut Xia Liu aut Krishna Neupane aut Angela Brigley Brigley, Angela M. aut SDT TSR Iveta Sosova aut SDT TSR Michael Woodside Woodside, Michael T. aut SDT TSR text article eng Protein folding is described conceptually in terms of diffusion over a configurational free-energy landscape, typically reduced to a one-dimensional profile along a reaction coordinate. In principle, kinetic properties can be predicted directly from the landscape profile using Kramers theory for diffusive barrier crossing, including the folding rates and the transition time for crossing the barrier. Landscape theory has been widely applied to interpret the time scales for protein conformational dynamics, but protein folding rates and transition times have not been calculated directly from experimentally measured free-energy profiles. We characterized the energy landscape for native folding of the prion protein using force spectroscopy, measuring the change in extension of a single protein molecule at high resolution as it unfolded/refolded under tension. Key parameters describing the landscape profile were first recovered from the distributions of unfolding and refolding forces, allowing the diffusion constant for barrier crossing and the transition path time across the barrier to be calculated. The full landscape profile was then reconstructed from force-extension curves, revealing a double-well potential with an extended, partially unfolded transition state. The barrier height and position were consistent with the previous results. Finally, Kramers theory was used to predict the folding rates from the landscape profile, recovering the values observed experimentally both under tension and at zero force in ensemble experiments. These results demonstrate how advances in single-molecule theory and experiment are harnessing the power of landscape formalisms to describe quantitatively the mechanics of folding. yes yes kinetics; optical trapping; single molecule 2012-08-20 0027-8424 1091-6490 109 36 14452 14457 6 10.1073/pnas.1206190109 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269081 48ab5d3f-04a8-4d6e-a68a-32e8eb05ae74 Kyuchul Shin aut MSS SME Rajnish Kumar aut Konstantin A. Udachin aut MSS SME Saman Alavi aut SDT TSR John A Ripmeester Ripmeester, John A. aut SDT TSR text article eng There is interest in the role of ammonia on Saturn’s moons Titan and Enceladus as the presence of water, methane, and ammonia under temperature and pressure conditions of the surface and interior make these moons rich environments for the study of phases formed by these materials. Ammonia is known to form solid hemi-, mono-, and dihydrate crystal phases under conditions consistent with the surface of Titan and Enceladus, but has also been assigned a role as water-ice antifreeze and methane hydrate inhibitor which is thought to contribute to the outgassing of methane clathrate hydrates into these moons’ atmospheres. Here we show, through direct synthesis from solution and vapor deposition experiments under conditions consistent with extraterrestrial planetary atmospheres, that ammonia forms clathrate hydrates and participates synergistically in clathrate hydrate formation in the presence of methane gas at low temperatures. The binary structure II tetrahydrofuran + ammonia, structure I ammonia, and binary structure I ammonia + methane clathrate hydrate phases synthesized have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, molecular dynamics simulation, and Raman spectroscopy methods. yes yes ice; single crystal X-ray diffraction; hydrogen bonding; hydrate inhibitors; ethane 2012-09-11 0027-8424 1091-6490 109 37 14785 14790 6 10.1073/pnas.1205820109 Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269080 fb8d6ead-9110-4ad2-847e-1292ac2db1d3 Dustin B. Ritchie aut Daniel A. N. Foster aut Michael Woodside Woodside, Michael T. aut SDT TSR text article eng Programmed −1 frameshifting, whereby the reading frame of a ribosome on messenger RNA is shifted in order to generate an alternate gene product, is often triggered by a pseudoknot structure in the mRNA in combination with an upstream slippery sequence. The efficiency of frameshifting varies widely for different sites, but the factors that determine frameshifting efficiency are not yet fully understood. Previous work has suggested that frameshifting efficiency is related to the resistance of the pseudoknot against mechanical unfolding. We tested this hypothesis by studying the mechanical properties of a panel of pseudoknots with frameshifting efficiencies ranging from 2% to 30%: four pseudoknots from retroviruses, two from luteoviruses, one from a coronavirus, and a nonframeshifting bacteriophage pseudoknot. Using optical tweezers to apply tension across the RNA, we measured the distribution of forces required to unfold each pseudoknot. We found that neither the average unfolding force, nor the unfolding kinetics, nor the parameters describing the energy landscape for mechanical unfolding of the pseudoknot (energy barrier height and distance to the transition state) could be correlated to frameshifting efficiency. These results indicate that the resistance of pseudoknots to mechanical unfolding is not a primary determinant of frameshifting efficiency. However, increased frameshifting efficiency was correlated with an increased tendency to form alternate, incompletely folded structures, suggesting a more complex picture of the role of the pseudoknot involving the conformational dynamics. yes yes force spectroscopy; gene regulation; RNA folding; translation 2012-10-02 0027-8424 1091-6490 109 40 16167 16172 6 10.1073/pnas.1204114109 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269079 72f57cfa-ac7d-49a2-b416-6b292b36ac51 Sayed Y. Sayed aut Jerry A. Fereiro aut Haijun Yan aut SDT TSR Richard Louis McCreery Mccreery, Richard L. aut SDT TSR Adam Johan Bergren aut SDT TSR text article eng Molecular junctions are essentially modified electrodes familiar to electrochemists where the electrolyte is replaced by a conducting “contact.” It is generally hypothesized that changing molecular structure will alter system energy levels leading to a change in the transport barrier. Here, we show the conductance of seven different aromatic molecules covalently bonded to carbon implies a modest range (< 0.5 eV) in the observed transport barrier despite widely different free molecule HOMO energies (> 2 eV range). These results are explained by considering the effect of bonding the molecule to the substrate. Upon bonding, electronic inductive effects modulate the energy levels of the system resulting in compression of the tunneling barrier. Modification of the molecule with donating or withdrawing groups modulate the molecular orbital energies and the contact energy level resulting in a leveling effect that compresses the tunneling barrier into a range much smaller than expected. Whereas the value of the tunneling barrier can be varied by using a different class of molecules (alkanes), using only aromatic structures results in a similar equilibrium value for the tunnel barrier for different structures resulting from partial charge transfer between the molecular layer and the substrate. Thus, the system does not obey the Schottky-Mott limit, and the interaction between the molecular layer and the substrate acts to influence the energy level alignment. These results indicate that the entire system must be considered to determine the impact of a variety of electronic factors that act to determine the tunnel barrier. yes yes energy alignment; molecular electronics; electronic coupling; charge transport; Fermi-level pinning 2012-07-17 0027-8424 1091-6490 109 29 11498 11503 6 10.1073/pnas.1201557109 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269078 2c24db58-f704-430e-95fe-7924c0171d0b Hao Yu aut Xia Liu aut Krishna Neupane aut Amar Nath Gupta aut Angela Brigley Brigley, Angela M. aut SDT TSR Allison Solanki aut Iveta Sosova aut SDT TSR Michael Woodside Woodside, Michael T. aut SDT TSR text article eng Protein misfolding is a ubiquitous phenomenon associated with a wide range of diseases. Single-molecule approaches offer a powerful tool for deciphering the mechanisms of misfolding by measuring the conformational fluctuations of a protein with high sensitivity. We applied single-molecule force spectroscopy to observe directly the misfolding of the prion protein PrP, a protein notable for having an infectious misfolded state that is able to propagate by recruiting natively folded PrP. By measuring folding trajectories of single PrP molecules held under tension in a high-resolution optical trap, we found that the native folding pathway involves only two states, without evidence for partially folded intermediates that have been proposed to mediate misfolding. Instead, frequent but fleeting transitions were observed into off-pathway intermediates. Three different misfolding pathways were detected, all starting from the unfolded state. Remarkably, the misfolding rate was even higher than the rate for native folding. A mutant PrP with higher aggregation propensity showed increased occupancy of some of the misfolded states, suggesting these states may act as intermediates during aggregation. These measurements of individual misfolding trajectories demonstrate the power of single-molecule approaches for characterizing misfolding directly by mapping out nonnative folding pathways. yes yes protein folding; optical tweezers 2012-04-03 0027-8424 1091-6490 109 14 5283 5288 6 10.1073/pnas.1107736109 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269077 c3eda0d8-9c42-448b-922d-6f712a6e94fd Ildikó M. L. Somorjai aut Rajmund L (Ray) Somorjai Somorjai, Rajmund L. aut IBD IBD Jordi Garcia-fernandez aut Hector Escriva aut text article eng An important question in biology is why some animals are able to regenerate, whereas others are not. The basal chordate amphioxus is uniquely positioned to address the evolution of regeneration. We report here the high regeneration potential of the European amphioxus Branchiostoma lanceolatum. Adults regenerate both anterior and posterior structures, including neural tube, notochord, fin, and muscle. Development of a classifier based on tail regeneration profiles predicts the assignment of young and old adults to their own class with >94% accuracy. The process involves loss of differentiated characteristics, formation of an msx-expressing blastema, and neurogenesis. Moreover, regeneration is linked to the activation of satellite-like Pax3/7 progenitor cells, the extent of which declines with size and age. Our results provide a framework for understanding the evolution and diversity of regeneration mechanisms in vertebrates. yes yes invertebrate chordate-vertebrate transition; stem cells; cephalochordate 2012-01-10 0027-8424 1091-6490 109 2 517 522 6 10.1073/pnas.1100045109 NRC Institute for Biodiagnostics Institut du biodiagnostic du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269076 0d88d5e5-ac42-461a-82f2-a038a18b8537 Madeline Lee aut IAR IRA William Morris aut Jeff Harris aut George Leblanc aut IAR IRA text article eng Many mineral exploration initiatives target regional- and local-scale lineaments (e.g. fault systems and dyke swarms) as they may act as conduits for mineralized fluids. In this work, we apply an automatic lineament ‘network extraction’ method that draws on similar processes as the Blakely-Simpson peak detection algorithm and a stream network extraction algorithm commonly used in the mapping of drainage patterns from a topographic surface (e.g. DEM, DTM) within a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. We apply the network extraction algorithm to a magnetic surface (grid) rather than a topographic surface. The method uses a simple quadratic surface across a 3 × 3 window to determine the degree of surface slope and if the centre cell of the window represents a localised low point in the surface. Thus this routine is particularly effective at identifying magnetic lows that may represent faults, which have undergone magnetite depletion (e.g. hematization). These lineament solutions provide insight into mineral exploration vectors through the computation of rose diagrams, fracture density plots and intersection locations. These diagrams, plots, and locations are used in conjunction with other geophysical layers (e.g. radiometrics) to help identify potential mineral exploration targets. We successfully applied this algorithm to an aeromagnetic dataset from the Wopmay Orogen in Northwestern Canada. This area is characterised by extensive regional and localised fault systems and dyke swarms, along with promising polymetallic hydrothermal mineral occurrences. Key areas for follow up exploration are identified through a combined study of geophysical grids and lineament analysis. yes yes geographic information system, lineament analysis, magnetics, mineral exploration, potential field. 2012-03-23 0812-3985 43 2 116 124 9 10.1071/EG11045 NRC Institute for Aerospace Research Institut de recherche aérospatiale du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269075 bec7d2f1-4fd1-4799-9e46-69c73c72051e George Leblanc aut AERO AERO Madeline Lee aut AERO AERO William Morris aut text article eng We present a simple and adaptive method of data fusion using grey-scale grids for general geophysical exploration. The methodology relies upon: (1) understanding the physical property variations that might be associated with the mineral exploration target, and (2) applying appropriate (forward or inverse) grey-scaling to each input dataset so that before addition of the grids the anomalous patterns all express the phenomena of interest in the same sense (i.e. all positive anomalies). If the resulting fused dataset has a Gaussian population distribution then a linear grey-scale is applied to the data within the 95% (2σ) confidence interval; if it is non-Gaussian then the linear grey scale is applied to the entire dataset. The methodology has been applied to very low frequency (VLF), aeromagnetic and radiometric data measured during the 1980s over the Hemlo disseminated lode-gold deposit. The resulting fused data derived from our methodology produces a coherent region of anomalous geophysical response that is coincident in location and geometry to the surficial extent of the known mineralized zone of the deposit. Integration of multi-sensor response has the added advantage of significantly reducing the number of false-targets. Further, this method also illustrates the continued benefits that can be obtained from re-evaluation of older data. yes yes electromagnetics, magnetics, mineral exploration, radiometrics, VLF 2012-05-25 0812-3985 43 3 190 197 8 10.1071/EG11036 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269074 48cf821d-43e3-4734-b7cb-ce6dcf098a8b Philip R (Phil) Bunker Bunker, P. R. aut SDT TSR W. P. Kraemer aut Tsuneo Hirano aut Per Jensen aut International Conference of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 2009: (ICCMSE 2009), 29 September–4 October 2009, Rhodes, Greece text article eng To calculate the rovibronic energies of a triatomic molecule in an electronic state that is degenerate at linear nuclear configurations, it is necessary to allow for the breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. This is because the electronic degeneracy is resolved at bent configurations and there is a nonnegligible coupling between the two states caused by molecular rotation. This is termed the Renner (or Renner-Teller) effect. To calculate the rovibronic term values and wavefunctions in this situation, we have developed a variational computational procedure and we have included the effect of spin-orbit coupling for nonsinglet states. The wavefunctions can be used to predict and interpret the results of Coulomb explosion imaging experiments. We can also calculate spectral line intensities so that absorption and emission spectra can be simulated. We review the work and our application to the CH+2 and FeOH molecules. yes yes 2012-12-10 978-0-7354-1122-7 467 479 1504 10.1063/1.4771743 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada 21269072 77eb0fdf-d281-4460-ad86-b4bdbb4e3741 Philip R (Phil) Bunker Bunker, Philip aut SDT TSR Peter Schwerdtfeger aut International Conference of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 2009: (ICCMSE 2009), 29 September–4 October 2009, Rhodes, Greece text article eng yes yes 2012-12-10 978-0-7354-1122-7 453 1504 10.1063/1.4771738 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada 21269071 9da5b7d8-33b8-443d-922e-eb906822c896 Philip R (Phil) Bunker Bunker, P. R. aut SDT TSR W. P. Kraemer aut Tsuneo Hirano aut Per Jensen aut International Conference of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 2009: (ICCMSE 2009), 29 September–4 October 2009, Rhodes, Greece text article eng To calculate the rovibronic energies of a triatomic molecule in an electronic state that is degenerate at linear nuclear configurations, it is necessary to allow for the breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. This is because the electronic degeneracy is resolved at bent configurations and there is a nonnegligible coupling between the two states caused by molecular rotation. This is termed the Renner (or Renner-Teller) effect. To calculate the rovibronic term values and wavefunctions in this situation, we have developed a variational computational procedure and we have included the effect of spin-orbit coupling for nonsinglet states. The wavefunctions can be used to predict and interpret the results of Coulomb explosion imaging experiments. We can also calculate spectral line intensities so that absorption and emission spectra can be simulated. We review the work and our application to the CH+2 and FeOH molecules. yes yes 2012-12-10 978-0-7354-1122-7 302 314 13 1504 10.1063/1.4771724 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada 21269070 3b44b345-6c13-4307-ad8b-f1221f9dcfa8 Zorka (Zork) Smedarchina Smedarchina, Zorka aut SDT TSR Willem Siebrand aut SDT TSR Antonio Fernández-Ramos aut text article eng A new instanton approach is reported to tunneling at zero-temperature in multidimensional (MD) systems in which a “light particle” is transferred between two equivalent “heavy” sites. The method is based on two concepts. The first is that an adequate MD potential energy surface can be generated from input of the stationary configurations only, by choosing as a basis the normal modes of the transition state. It takes the form of a double-minimum potential along the mode with imaginary frequency and coupling terms to the remaining (harmonic) oscillators. Standard integrating out of the oscillators gives rise to an effective 1D instanton problem for the adiabatic potential, but requires evaluation of a nonlocal term in the Euclidean action, governed by exponential (memory) kernels. The second concept is that this nonlocal action can be treated as a “perturbation,” for which a new approximate instanton solution is derived, termed the “rainbow” solution. Key to the approach is avoidance of approximations to the exponential kernels, which is made possible by a remarkable conversion property of the rainbow solution. This leads to a new approximation scheme for direct evaluation of the Euclidean action, which avoids the time-consuming search of the exact instanton trajectory. This “rainbow approximation” can handle coupling to modes that cover a wide range of frequencies and bridge the gap between the adiabatic and sudden approximations. It suffers far fewer restrictions than these conventional approximations and is proving particularly effective for systems with strong coupling, such as proton transfer in hydrogen bonds. Comparison with the known exact instanton action in two-dimensional models and application to zero-level tunneling splittings in two isotopomers of malonaldehyde are presented to show the accuracy and efficiency of the approach. yes yes 2012-12-11 0021-9606 137 22 224105 10.1063/1.4769198 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269069 e8ea0ad9-361a-44e3-bbfe-d96273239132 Ruth A. Livingstone aut James O. F. Thompson aut Marija Iljina aut Ross J. Donaldson aut Benjamin (Ben) Sussman Sussman, Benjamin J. aut SDT TSR Martin J. Paterson aut Dave Townsend aut text article eng Time-resolved photoelectron imaging was used to investigate the dynamical evolution of the initially prepared S1 (ππ*) excited state of phenol (hydroxybenzene), catechol (1,2-dihydroxybenzene), resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene), and hydroquinone (1,4-dihydroxybenzene) following excitation at 267 nm. Our analysis was supported by ab initio calculations at the coupled-cluster and CASSCF levels of theory. In all cases, we observe rapid (<1 ps) intramolecular vibrational redistribution on the S1potential surface. In catechol, the overall S1 state lifetime was observed to be 12.1 ps, which is 1–2 orders of magnitude shorter than in the other three molecules studied. This may be attributed to differences in the H atom tunnelling rate under the barrier formed by a conical intersection between the S1 state and the close lying S2 (πσ*) state, which is dissociative along the O–H stretching coordinate. Further evidence of this S1/S2 interaction is also seen in the time-dependent anisotropy of the photoelectron angular distributions we have observed. Our data analysis was assisted by a matrix inversion method for processing photoelectron images that is significantly faster than most other previously reported approaches and is extremely quick and easy to implement. yes yes 2012-11-09 0021-9606 137 18 184304 10.1063/1.4765104 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269068 a44ba4b6-83ac-4ab4-a429-3fd1bf687d2a Asha R. Johal aut Brock Schuman aut Javier A. Alfaro aut Svetlana Borisova aut Nina Seto Seto, Nina O. L. aut IBS ISB Stephen V. Evans aut text article eng The human ABO(H) A and B blood group glycosyltransferases GTA and GTB differ by only four amino acids, yet this small dissimilarity is responsible for significant differences in biosynthesis, kinetics and structure. Like other glycosyltransferases, these two enzymes have been shown to recognize substrates through dramatic conformational changes in mobile polypeptide loops surrounding the active site. Structures of GTA, GTB and several chimeras determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction demonstrate a range of susceptibility to the choice of cryoprotectant, in which the mobile polypeptide loops can be induced by glycerol to form the ordered closed conformation associated with substrate recognition and by MPD [hexylene glycol, (±)-2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol] to hinder binding of substrate in the active site owing to chelation of the Mn²⁺ cofactor and thereby adopt the disordered open state. Glycerol is often avoided as a cryoprotectant when determining the structures of carbohydrate-active enzymes as it may act as a competitive inhibitor for monosaccharide ligands. Here, it is shown that the use of glycerol as a cryoprotectant can additionally induce significant changes in secondary structure, a phenomenon that could apply to any class of protein. yes yes cryoprotectants; glycosyltransferases; GTA; GTB 2012-03 0907-4449 1399-0047 68 3 268 276 9 S0907444912001801 10.1107/S0907444912001801 NRC Institute for Biological Sciences Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269065 7c7e95db-0739-4171-a1bb-a838cb549734 Jianjun Pan aut Frederick A. Heberle aut Justin R. Carmichael aut John F. Ankner aut John Katsaras aut SDT TSR text article eng Time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffraction experiments on aligned stacks of lipid bilayers using the horizontal Liquids Reflectometer at the Spallation Neutron Source are reported. Specific details are given regarding the instrumental setup, data collection and reduction, phase determination of the structure factors, and reconstruction of the one-dimensional neutron scattering length density (NSLD) profile. The validity of using TOF measurements to determine the one-dimensional NSLD profile is demonstrated by reproducing the results of two well known lipid bilayer structures. The method is then applied to show how an antimicrobial peptide affects membranes with and without cholesterol. yes yes time-of-flight neutron diffraction; Spallation Neutron Source; Liquids Reflectometer; lipid bilayers 2012-12 0021-8898 1600-5767 45 6 1219 1227 9 S0021889812039945 10.1107/S0021889812039945 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269064 b1027399-6580-4cbb-972e-a21548a46120 A. Laucht aut T. Günthner aut S. Pütz aut R. Saive aut Simon Frederick Frédérick, S. aut SDT TSR N. Hauke aut M. Bichler aut M.-C. Amann aut A. W. Holleitner aut M. Kaniber aut J. J. Finley aut text article eng The authors investigate the spontaneous emission dynamics of self-assembled InGaAs quantum dots embedded in GaAs photonic crystal waveguides. For an ensemble of dots coupled to guided modes in the waveguide, we report spatially, spectrally, and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements, detecting normal to the plane of the photonic crystal. For quantum dots emitting in resonance with the waveguide mode, an ∼21× enhancement of photoluminescence intensity is observed as compared to dots in the unprocessed region of the wafer. This enhancement can be traced back to the Purcell enhanced emission of quantum dots into leaky and guided modes of the waveguide with moderate Purcell factors up to ∼4×. Emission into guided modes is shown to be efficiently scattered out of the waveguide within a few microns, contributing to the out-of-plane emission and allowing the use of photonic crystal waveguides as broadband, efficiency-enhancing structures for surface-emitting diodes or single photon sources. yes yes 2012-11-09 0021-8979 112 9 093520 10.1063/1.4764923 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269063 4269eed8-f511-41a9-b187-c8a1b3c8031f Ryan T. Tucker aut Allan L. Beaudry aut Joshua M. LaForge aut Michael T. Taschuk aut Michael Julian Brett Brett, Michael J. aut SDT TSR text article eng Combining vapour-liquid-solid growth with glancing angle deposition (VLS-GLAD) facilitates fabrication of branched nanowires not possible with either technique alone. Indiumtin oxide (ITO) nanostructuresgrown by VLS-GLAD produce extremely porous nanotree structures, where periodic branch diameter oscillations are sometimes observed. We explain this rippled branch growth with a simple model linking the physics governing branch growth to the process variables controlled in VLS-GLAD. The model is verified by inducing specific, aperiodic ripples onto growing ITO branches through macroscopic vapour flux control and manipulation of local shadowing. yes yes 2012-11-05 0003-6951 101 19 193101 10.1063/1.4764508 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269062 4fc33d33-7aed-4495-ba5d-4d003d15572a Khaled Mnaymneh Mnaymneh, K. aut SDT TSR Dan Dalacu Dalacu, D. aut ICT TIC Simon Frederick Frédérick, S. aut SDT TSR Jean Lapointe Lapointe, J. aut ICT TIC Philip J Poole Poole, P. J. aut ICT TIC Robin L Williams Williams, R. L. aut SDT TSR text article eng This letter introduces a semiconductor-under-insulator (SUI) technology in InP for designing strip waveguides that interfaceInPphotonic crystal membrane structures. Strip waveguides in InP-SUI are supported under an atomic layer deposited insulator layer in contrast to strip waveguides in silicon supported oninsulator. We show a substantial improvement in optical transmission when using InP-SUI strip waveguides interfaced with localized photonic crystal membrane structures when compared with extended photonic crystal waveguide membranes. Furthermore, SUI makes available various fiber-coupling techniques used in SOI, such as sub-micron coupling, for planar membrane III-V systems. yes yes 2012-10-11 0003-6951 101 15 151120 10.1063/1.4760231 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269061 c17d99ba-6d54-4401-80e1-a95ea9a2849a Viktor Leontyev aut Matthew Hawkeye aut Andriy Kovalenko aut SDT TSR Michael Julian Brett Brett, Michael J. aut SDT TSR text article eng Anisotropic properties of columnar nanoporous thin films were utilized to design and fabricate interference mirrors with lossless omnidirectional reflection in the visible spectral range. Index graded columnar films with distributed Bragg reflector (DBR), sinusoidal, and Gaussian refractive index profiles were studied using finite-difference frequency-domain and finite-difference time-domain methods, with an emphasis on maximizing the omnidirectional reflection bandwidth. Titanium dioxide columnar films with sixteen period sinusoidal refractive index profile were fabricated using the glancing angle deposition technique and characterized by angle resolved transmittance measurements. Simulations and experimental measurements have shown the presence of the omnidirectional reflection band up to 5% wide for a film with a maximum refractive index nmax=2.3 and refractive index contrast Δn=0.8. Simulations further showed that with the optimal choice of the refractive index variation range, the omnidirectional reflection band can reach 10.5% width in TiO2films with a sinusoidal index profile, 14.5% with a DBR index profile, and 12% with a Gaussian profile. Due to the optical anisotropy of the columnar films, the reflection bandwidth exceeded the corresponding value, observed in isotropic analogs, by a factor of three to four depending on the choice of the refractive index profile. yes yes 2012-10-22 0021-8979 112 8 084317 10.1063/1.4759138 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269060 75e37fab-fe33-44f6-a331-0fac7da875da P. F. Guan aut Xuefeng F. Zhang Zhang, X. F. aut MD DM J. J. Guo aut text article eng We present an one-step procedure for the synthesis of hybrid Fe3O4 nanoparticles/graphene composite with self-assemble superlattices of Fe3O4nanoparticles. We find that the Fe3O4/graphene nanocomposite exhibits both enhanced dielectric losses and magnetic losses at 2–18 GHz, resulting from the interfacial polarizations between the Fe3O4nanoparticles and the graphene, as well as the coupling between the neighbouring Fe3O4nanoparticles. Theoretical simulations uncover the origins of the electromagnetic losses of hybrid Fe3O4/graphene nanocomposite and provide additional insight into the microscopic dielectric polarization mechanism. yes yes 2012-10-09 0003-6951 101 15 153108 10.1063/1.4758931 Medical Devices Dispositifs médicaux National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269059 ac00ff83-c1cc-4b20-989f-e0c7aa38baa0 Sergei Studenikin Studenikin, S. A. aut SDT TSR Joelle Lynn Thorgrimson Thorgrimson, J. aut SDT TSR Geofrey C (Geof) Aers Aers, G. C. aut SDT TSR Alicia Patricia Kam Kam, A. aut ICT TIC Piotr Zawadzki Zawadzki, P. aut SDT TSR Zbigniew R (Zbig) Wasilewski Wasilewski, Z. R. aut ICT TIC Alexander Bogan Bogan, A. aut SDT TSR Andrew (Andy) Sachrajda Sachrajda, A. S. aut SDT TSR text article eng We employ an intermediate excited charge state of a lateral quantum dot device to increase the charge detection contrast during the qubit state readout procedure, allowing us to increase the visibility of coherent qubit oscillations. This approach amplifies the coherent oscillation magnitude but has no effect on the detector noise resulting in an increase in the signal to noise ratio. In this letter, we apply this scheme to demonstrate a significant enhancement of the fringe contrast of coherent Landau-Zener-Stückelberg oscillations between singlet S and triplet two-spin states. yes yes 2012-12-03 0003-6951 101 23 233101 10.1063/1.4749281 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269058 128b6697-2061-4b4a-b905-875280a0db1d Saman Alavi aut SDT TSR John A Ripmeester Ripmeester, John A. aut SDT TSR text article eng Molecular dynamics simulations of the pure structure II tetrahydrofuran clathrate hydrate and binary structure II tetrahydrofuran clathrate hydrate with CO2, CH4, H2S, and Xe small cage guests are performed to study the effect of the shape, size, and intermolecular forces of the small cages guests on the structure and dynamics of the hydrate. The simulations show that the number and nature of the guest in the small cage affects the probability of hydrogen bonding of the tetrahydrofuran guest with the large cage water molecules. The effect on hydrogen bonding of tetrahydrofuran occurs despite the fact that the guests in the small cage do not themselves form hydrogen bonds with water. These results indicate that nearest neighbour guest-guest interactions (mediated through the water lattice framework) can affect the clathrate structure and stability. The implications of these subtle small guest effects on clathrate hydrate stability are discussed. yes yes 2012-08-07 0021-9606 137 5 054712 10.1063/1.4739928 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269057 bdca4f5b-dbca-4d11-a8e5-17dc8330622c M. Afshari aut M. Dehghany aut A Robert (Bob) McKellar McKellar, A. R. W aut SDT TSR N. Moazzen-Ahmadi aut text article eng Spectra of the nonpolar carbonyl sulfide dimer in the region of the OCS ν1 fundamental band were observed in a slit-jet supersonic expansion. The jet was probed using radiation from a tunable diode laser employed in a rapid-scan signal averaging mode. Six new bands were observed and analyzed, all of which originate from the dimer ground vibrational state. Three were vibrational fundamentals involving the (18OCS)2 and 16OCS-18OCS isotopologues. They enabled an estimate to be made of the frequency of the infrared-forbidden mode corresponding to in-phase vibration of the OCS monomers in the dimer, a value needed to obtain an intermolecular vibrational frequency from one of the observed combination bands. A relatively weak b-type dimer band centered at 2103.105 cm−¹ was assigned to the OCS 4ν2 (l = 0) bending overtone. Combination bands were observed involving the geared bend and van der Waals stretch intermolecular modes. The resulting experimental frequencies of 37.5(20) cm−¹ for the bend and 42.9727(1) cm−¹ for the stretch are in good agreement with a recent high level theoretical calculation. yes yes 2012-08-01 0021-9606 137 5 054304 10.1063/1.4739465 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269056 39ae02ae-306b-4927-98da-5df8ef40eeed Pablo Bianucci aut Shouvik Mukherjee aut M. Hadi Tavakoli Dastjerdi aut Philip J Poole Poole, Philip J. aut ICT TIC Zetian Mi aut text article eng We report the achievement of a semiconductor tube laser that can operate in the optical communication wavelength range for applications in the emerging Si-photonics. Such nanoscale devices are fabricated from self-organized InAs/InGaAsP quantum dotnanomembranes through a strain-driven self-rolling mechanism using standard photolithography process. Under continuous wave optical pumping, the devices exhibit an ultralow lasing threshold of ∼1.26 μW at 82 K, with multiple emission wavelengths in the S band of optical communications. The spontaneous emission coupling factor and Purcell factor are estimated to be ∼0.30 and ∼4.8, respectively. yes yes 2012-07-17 0003-6951 101 031104 3 10.1063/1.4737425 Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269055 3b30e62d-cc26-4cfc-8b98-6aba71f27053 David J Lockwood Lockwood, D. J. aut MSS SME M. G. Cottam aut text article eng Inelastic light scattering intensities in response to magnetic excitations are governed by magnetooptic coupling coefficients, which have been previously evaluated, for instance, for the ferrimagnetic Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) and the metamagnetic FeCl2 and FeBr2. However, by far the most detailed studies to date were performed on the classic rutile-structure antiferromagnets, and here we summarize the results obtained from the many experimental and theoretical investigations of these compounds for both one-magnon and two-magnon excitations. A comparison of the magnitudes of the various coupling coefficients for MnF2, FeF2, CoF2, and NiF2 reveals a surprising similarity in many coefficients. In one-magnon Raman scattering the in-phase linear magnetooptic coefficient dominates, and the main differences between MnF2, FeF2, and NiF2 lie in the relative significance of the in-phase quadratic magnetooptic coefficient. Thus, the quadratic coefficients now appear to be of particular importance in determining the strength of one-magnon scattering in a variety of magnetic insulators. In two-magnon Raman scattering one magnetooptic coefficient is dominant for all of these antiferromagnets. However, the other six coefficients are in general remarkably similar in magnitude and not negligible in most cases, indicating some similarity in the way light interacts with the pairs of magnons of opposite and equal wave vectors in rutile structure antiferromagnets. yes yes Antiferromagnets Coupling coefficient Ferrimagnets In-phase Inelastic light scattering Magnetic excitations Magnetic insulator Magnons Metamagnets One-magnon Raman scattering Quadratic coefficients Rutile structure Theoretical investigations Two-magnon Raman scattering Wave vector Oxide minerals Raman scattering Antiferromagnetic materials 2012-07-27 1063-777X 38 7 549 558 10 2012-07-27 0132-6414 38 7 703 714 12 10.1063/1.4733682 Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269054 86ddec13-e1a5-4532-b375-a661db4a6cf5 Vincent Theol Karel Sauer Sauer, V. T. K. aut SDT TSR Zhu Diao Diao, Z. aut SDT TSR Mark Russell Freeman Freeman, M. R. aut SDT TSR Wayne Hiebert Hiebert, W. K. aut SDT TSR text article eng A silicon nanophotonic Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is used to detect the mechanical resonance of a cantilever external to a nanophotonicwaveguide. Small cantilever devices, below the cut-off for waveguide supported modes, are fabricated ∼140 nm away from one MZI arm. Cantilever resonant frequencies up to 60 MHz are measured with mechanical quality factors around 20 000 and signal to noise ratios up to 1000. Phase-locked loop frequency stability measurements indicate a mass sensitivity of 2 zg in an example cantilever of 0.5 pg mass. An interferometric transduction mechanism is confirmed, and the system is shown to work effectively in all-optical operation. yes yes 2012-06-08 0003-6951 100 26 261102 10.1063/1.4731210 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269053 322969ea-9698-40ad-b74b-a8f619fc26a0 Mojtaba Rezaei aut J. Norooz Oliaee aut N. Moazzen-Ahmadi aut A Robert (Bob) McKellar McKellar, A. R. W. aut SDT TSR text article eng Two new infrared bands in the ν1 fundamental region of N2O are observed in a supersonic jet expansion and assigned to nitrous oxide pentamers. Each band is measured using both 14N2 16O and 15N2 16O. Although they are similar in appearance, the bands have slightly different lower state rotational parameters, and are thus assigned to distinct structural isomers of the pentamer. Cluster calculations using two N2O intermolecular potentials give results in good agreement with the observed spectra, and indicate that the two isomers probably have the same basic structure (which is unsymmetrical), but differ in the alignment (N-N-O or O-N-N) of one or two of the constituent monomers. Calculations using a resonant dipole interaction model also support the proposed assignment and structure. These are the first reported high-resolution spectra for N2O pentamers. yes yes 2012-06-14 0021-9606 136 22 224308 10.1063/1.4729157 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269052 6c0fb0a3-36aa-48e3-8d79-c2597eb2eb10 N. Modi aut David J Lockwood Lockwood, D. J. aut MSS SME Xiaohua Wu Wu, X. aut ICT TIC Jean-Marc Baribeau Baribeau, J.-M. aut ICT TIC L. Tsybeskov aut text article eng In nanometer-size Si/SiGe-island heteroepitxial multilayers grown on Si(001), low temperature photoluminescence spectra are observed that strongly depend on the excitation wavelength and show a strong correlation with structural properties revealed by transmission electron microscopy. These experimental results can be explained by assuming that the optically created carriers are strongly localized at Si/SiGe island heterointerfaces. We show that electron-hole pairs are generated and recombine within spatial regions mainly defined by the photoexcitation penetration depth, and that the estimated exciton diffusion length is notably short and comparable with the SiGe-island average size. yes yes 2012-06-14 0021-8979 111 11 114313 10.1063/1.4729077 Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269051 44fe77a2-3957-4e5a-a078-67449e1d8dd0 Radovan Urban aut SDT TSR Jason Pitters Pitters, Jason L. aut SDT TSR Robert A (Bob) Wolkow Wolkow, Robert A. aut SDT TSR text article eng Tungsten W(111) oriented trimer-terminated tips as well as single atom tips, fabricated by a gas and field assisted etching and evaporation process, were investigated with a view to scanning ion microscopy and ion beam writing applications. In particular, ion current stability was studied for helium and neon imaging gases. Large ion current fluctuations from individual atomic sites were observed when a trimer-terminated tip was used for the creation of neon ion beam. However, neon ion current was stable when a single atom tip was employed. No such current oscillations were observed for either a trimer or a single atom tip when imaged with helium. yes yes 2012-06-26 0003-6951 100 26 263105 10.1063/1.4726112 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269049 21db37cd-216a-4a78-a6a4-5a4702f45fbf Marc Genest Genest, M. aut AERO AERO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, July 17–22, 2011, Burlington, Vermont, USA text article eng An image processing algorithm based on a combination of the most commonly used signal processing techniques in pulsed thermography is applied to monitor the progression of impact damage sites during the full-scale testing of a composite test article. It is demonstrated that the algorithm can be used to monitor damage during a durability and damage tolerance testing. Over the first phase of the test program, although no damage growth was detected, the processed pulsed thermography images showed that the average standard deviation of the measurements was only ~0.08 inches, the equivalent of 2 infrared camera pixels. yes yes 2012-05-17 9780735410138 0735410135 721 728 8 1430 10.1063/1.4716297 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada 21269048 4ffc5468-1ae5-4c80-ac43-cddf006f37c5 M. Baranowski aut R. Kudrawiec aut M. Latkowska aut M. Syperek aut J. Misiewicz aut James Gupta Gupta, J. A. aut IMS ISM text article eng Time resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy has been applied to study dynamics of localized excitons in a single Ga0.7In0.3N0.015As0.985/GaAs quantum well(QW). The decay time constant, τPL, has been determined for different PL peak energies at various temperatures. An increase in temperature produced two effects: (i) a reduction of τPL and (ii) changes in the τPLdispersion. These two experimental observations as well as the shape of PL decay curves were very well reproduced by Monte-Carlo simulations of hopping excitons with parameters derived from PL and photoreflectance measurements for this QW. yes yes 2012-05-15 0003-6951 100 20 202105 10.1063/1.4714739 NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269045 22d818ea-2bb7-42e2-90e2-9e1b1ea6d011 P. K. D. D. P. Pitigala aut S. G. Matsik aut A. G. U. Perera aut S. P. Khanna aut L. H. Li aut E. H. Linfield aut Zbigniew R (Zbig) Wasilewski Wasilewski, Z. R. aut ICT TIC Margaret Buchanan Buchanan, M. aut ICT TIC Hui Chun (HC) Liu Liu, H. C. aut ICT TIC text article eng Photovoltaicinfrared detectors have significant advantages over photoconductive detectors due to zero bias operation, requiring low power and having reduced low frequency noise. They also exhibit no thermally assisted tunneling currents, leading to higher operating temperatures. p-type emitter/graded barrier GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs structures were tested as photovoltaicdetectors in the infrared region, operating under uncooled conditions and without an applied bias voltage. A photovoltaic responsivity of 450 mV/W was obtained with a detectivity (D*) of 1.2 × 10^6 Jones at a peak wavelength 1.8 μm at 300 K. Responsivity and D* increased to ∼1.2 V/W and 2.8 × 10^6 Jones, respectively, at 280 K. A non-linear improvement in responsivity was observed with increased emitter thickness. yes yes 2012-04-19 00218979 111 8 084505 10.1063/1.4704695 Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269044 3190e9e1-000c-4c73-b0dc-cfb2b52b88c6 Jason Pitters Pitters, Jason L. aut SDT TSR Radovan Urban aut Robert A (Bob) Wolkow Wolkow, Robert A. aut SDT TSR text article eng Tungsten single atom tips have been prepared from a single crystal W(111) oriented wire using the chemical assisted field evaporation and etching method. Etching to a single atom tip occurs through a symmetric structure and leads to a predictable last atom unlike etching with polycrystalline tips. The single atom tip formation procedure is shown in an atom by atom removal process. Rebuilds of single atom tips occur on the same crystalline axis as the original tip such that ion emission emanates along a fixed direction for all tip rebuilds. This preparation method could be utilized and developed to prepare single atom tips for ion source development. yes yes 2012-04-18 0021-9606 136 15 154704 10.1063/1.3702209 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269043 618e92ef-752d-4dc1-a535-9ad1607bce0a David A Bohlender Bohlender, David aut NSI ISN Dmitry Monin aut NSI ISN Stellar Polarimetry: From Birth to Death, June 27–30, 2011, Madison, WI, USA text article eng A new polarimeter module has been built for the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory's (DAO) 1.8m Plaskett telescope for a hardware cost, including spare components, of approximately CDN$5,000. Implemented as a plug-in addition to the telescope's existing Cassegrain spectrograph, the device is being used to obtain medium resolution (R ≈ 10;000) circular spectropolarimetry of stars in an approximately 280Å wide wavelength region centered on the Hβ line. The intermediate resolution of the spectrograph permits stellar longitudinal magnetic field measurements to be made with both single or multiple strong metallic lines as well as the Hβ line. The instrument's dual-beam design together with fast switching of the liquid crystal wave plate (up to 100 Hz) synchronized with charge shuffling on the CCD is used to significantly reduce instrumental effects and achieve high precision polarimetric measurements. In this paper we present the first new science results obtained with the instrument. These include the discovery of a strong magnetic field and co-rotating magnetosphere in the helium-weak star HD176582, the detection of several new magnetic stars, and a study of the observed (and occasionally very large) differences in stellar longitudinal magnetic fields as measured with the Hβ line and metallic lines. yes yes 2012-05-02 978-0-7354-1012-1 240 243 4 1429 10.1063/1.3701932 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada 21269042 01576917-e7d5-46d8-9378-eab5bffcd3d0 Brenda Matthews Matthews, Brenda C. aut NSI ISN John E. Vaillancourt aut Stellar Polarimetry: From Birth to Death, June 27–30, 2011, Madison, WI, USA text article eng Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the power of polarization maps in the submillimeter and millimeter in the past decade. This is made more remarkable by the dearth of new polarimetric facilities over the past 10 years and decommissioning of several long-standing instruments. In particular, we discuss recent work to establish the validity of the previously measured polarization spectrum in the submillimeter, and the enhanced analysis techniques presented in recent years for the interpretation of polarization position angle data without the need for models of the ordered field geometry. yes yes 2012-05-02 978-0-7354-1012-1 11 20 10 1429 10.1063/1.3701894 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada 21269041 83ccaab5-68eb-48e9-b4ac-84d7d1b27e20 Joshua D. Krabbe aut Viktor Leontyev aut Michael T. Taschuk aut Andriy Kovalenko aut NINT INNT Michael Julian Brett Brett, Michael J. aut NINT INNT text article eng Nanoimprint lithography was combined with glancing angle deposition (GLAD) of titanium dioxide to fabricate a square spiral columnar film with a bandgap in the visible spectral range. Nanoimprint stamps were fabricated with seed spacing ranging from 80 to 400 nm, and four periods of square spiral film were deposited on top of the 320 nm array of seeds. The ratio of lattice spacing, vertical pitch and spiral arm swing was chosen as a : P : A = 1 : 1.35 : 0.7 and the deposition angle was fixed at 86° to maximize the square spiral film’s bandgap.Reflectivity measurements show that the fabricated structure exhibit a pseudo-gap centered at around 600 nm wavelength, in good agreement with finite difference electromagnetic simulations. The absence of a full 3D bandgap is due the deviation of GLAD columns’ cross-section from the optimal one, which has to be highly elongated in the deposition plane. However, simulations show that a geometry close to the fabricated one will produce a full 3D bandgap, if the structure is inverted. The material refractive index in such an inverted photonic crystal can be as low as n = 2.15. yes yes 2012-03-21 00218979 111 6 064314 10.1063/1.3695388 National Institute for Nanotechnology Institut national de nanotechnologie National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269040 fbdab970-cc63-4810-810d-64c421a4cf76 N. G. C. Astrath aut L. C. Malacarne aut G. V. B. Lukasievicz aut H. S. Bernabe aut J. H. Rohling aut M. L. Baesso aut Jun Shen Shen, J. aut IFCI IIPC S. E. Bialkowski aut text article eng A three-dimensional time-resolved theory and experiment for photothermal deflection spectroscopy is developed. The heat conduction equations for two semi-infinite media consisting of an opaque sample and a fluid are solved considering temperature and energy flux balance conditions for a Gaussian heat source. The time dependent perpendicular deflection signal is calculated and compared to experimental measurements on glassy carbon and copper samples. Excellent agreement with literature values for thermal diffusivity of the samples is found. The transient behavior is analyzed for different coupling fluids. yes yes 2012-03-02 0003-6951 100 9 091908 10.1063/1.3691253 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation Institut d'innovation en piles à combustible du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269039 02a9c3fa-e2ab-4f84-a022-013349ef2880 Rishi Kumar aut IBS ISB Dennis M Whitfield Whitfield, Dennis M. aut IBS ISB text article eng Although long postulated, the existence of glycopyranosyl oxacarbenium ions as intermediates or transition states (TS) in chemical glycosylation reactions has not been convincingly demonstrated experimentally. It is anticipated that elucidation of such reactive species will greatly assist synthetic chemists to control the α/β stereoselectivity by rational means. Previous density functional theory (DFT) calculations from our group found that the torsion potential about C-2–O-2 in protected glycopyranosyl donors changed from a conventional 3-fold rotor to a 2-fold rotor with a strong syn (CH-2–C-2–O-2–CPg) preference once the donor was ionized to its oxacarbenium ion. This suggested to us that if CPg of the protecting group was a chiral carbon, then diastereoselectivity might be observed in glycosylation reactions that proceed through oxacarbenium ions. The hypothesis to test is as follows: if a nonparticipating O-2 racemic chiral protecting group exhibits diastereoselectivity in glycosylation reactions, then the reaction probably proceeds through an oxacarbenium ion intermediate or TS. We present data for O-2 ether-protected d-glucopyranosyl donors where the racemic protecting group 1-methyl 1′-methylcyclopropylmethyl (MCPM) provides the chirality. MCPM proves to be more activating than the O-2-benzyl ether, and in cases where the donor is otherwise deactivated, several examples of moderate diastereoselectivity are found. These results can be interpreted to indicate that a continuum of reactivity exists where some glycosyl donors form oxacarbenium ions in glycosylation reactions but more reactive donors do not. The strongly activating properties of the cyclopropylmethyl ether functionality and the ability to induce diastereoselectivity with chiral derivatives strongly suggest widespread applications. yes yes 2012-04-20 0022-3263 1520-6904 77 8 3724 3739 16 10.1021/jo202563f NRC Institute for Biological Sciences Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269038 44699797-34c5-4ca5-98ba-e9be038ffa6c Massimo Bietti aut Michela Salamone aut Gino A DiLabio DiLabio, Gino A. aut NINT INNT Steffen Jockusch aut Nicholas J. Turro aut text article eng A time-resolved kinetic study of the hydrogen atom abstraction reactions from phenol by the cumyloxyl radical (CumO•) was carried out in different solvents. The hydrogen atom abstraction rate constant (kH) was observed to decrease by almost 3 orders of magnitude on going from isooctane to MeOH. In TFE, MeCN/H2O 2:1, and MeOH, the measured kH values were lower than expected on the basis of the Snelgrove–Ingold (SI) equation that correlates log kH to the solvent hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) ability parameter β2H. As these solvents also act as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs), we explored the notion that a more thorough description of solvent effects could be provided by including a solvent HBD ability term, α2H, into the SI equation via β2H(1 + α2H). The inclusion of such a term greatly improves the fitting for TFE, MeCN/H2O 2:1, and MeOH but at the expense of that for tertiary alkanols. This finding suggests that, for the reaction of CumO• with phenol, the HBA and HBD abilities of both the solvent and the substrate could be responsible for the observed KSEs. but this requires that primary and tertiary alkanols exhibit different solvation behaviors. Possible explanations for this different behavior are explored. yes yes 2012-02-03 0022-3263 1520-6904 77 3 1267 1272 6 10.1021/jo201454c National Institute for Nanotechnology Institut national de nanotechnologie National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269037 1c2ac6b8-6f0f-42b8-8a98-f6610607556f Karine Descroix aut Thomas Pesnot aut Yayoi Yoshimura aut Sebastian S. Gehrke aut Warren W Wakarchuk Wakarchuk, Warren aut IBS ISB Monica M. Palcic aut Gerd K. Wagner aut text article eng Galactosyltransferases (GalT) are important molecular targets in a range of therapeutic areas, including infection, inflammation, and cancer. GalT inhibitors are therefore sought after as potential lead compounds for drug discovery. We have recently discovered a new class of GalT inhibitors with a novel mode of action. In this publication, we describe a series of analogues which provide insights, for the first time, into SAR for this new mode of GalT inhibition. We also report that a new C-glycoside, designed as a chemically stable analogue of the most potent inhibitor in this series, retains inhibitory activity against a panel of GalTs. Initial results from cellular studies suggest that despite their polarity, these sugar-nucleotides are taken up by HL-60 cells. Results from molecular modeling studies with a representative bacterial GalT provide a rationale for the differences in bioactivity observed in this series. These findings may provide a blueprint for the rational development of new GalT inhibitors with improved potency. yes yes 2012-03-08 0022-2623 1520-4804 55 5 2015 2024 10 10.1021/jm201154p NRC Institute for Biological Sciences Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269036 06099a81-e608-4cc7-a79c-8eb40729c0f5 Chia-Che Tsai aut Feng-Ling Yang aut Zih-You Huang aut Chien-Sheng Chen aut Yu-Liang Yang aut Kuo-Feng Hua aut Jianjun Li aut IBS ISB Shui-Tein Chen aut Shih-Hsiung Wu aut text article eng The acid-hydrolyzed fragments of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLPS) obtained by Smith degradation were separated by size-exclusion chromatography into two major water-soluble fractions: peptidoglycans (GLPS-SF1) and oligosaccharides (GLPS-SF2). Both fractions induced CD69 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPB-MNCs), and they displayed distinct immunomodulating properties. GLPS-SF1, with a molecular weight of around 20 kDa, were heterogeneous peptidoglycans composed of glucose/mannose (4:1) that exhibited biological activities with Th1 cytokines IL-12, IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in hPB-MNCs and stimulated macrophage cytokine expression via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. For GLPS-SF2, with a molecular weight of around several kilodaltons, its sugar sequence was elucidated by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as [−α-1,4-Glc–(β-1,4-GlcA)3−]n. This oligosaccharide displayed specific immune property with low monocyte induction, greatly stimulated cell activation and proliferation of NK and T cells. This oligosaccharide isolated from G. lucidum polysaccharides with internal glucuronic acids/glucose repeat unit in a 3:1 ratio may be responsible for the active stimulation of NK and T cells. yes yes Ganoderma lucidum; peptidoglycan; oligosaccharide; glucuronic acid; human mononuclear cells 2012-03-21 0021-8561 1520-5118 60 11 2830 2837 8 10.1021/jf3000339 NRC Institute for Biological Sciences Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269035 5ef5ac32-e053-42f8-9a6a-a82813d51def A Robert (Bob) McKellar McKellar, A. R. W. aut SIMS ISSM text article eng Clusters of para-H2 and/or ortho-H2 containing a single carbon dioxide molecule are studied by high resolution infrared spectroscopy in the 2300 cm−¹ region of the CO2 ν3 fundamental band. The (H2) N –CO2 clusters are formed in a pulsed supersonic jet expansion from a cooled nozzle and probed using a rapid scan tunable diode laser. Simple symmetric rotor type spectra are observed with little or no resolved K-structure, and prominent Q-branch features for ortho-H2 but not para-H2. Observed rotational constants and vibrational shifts are reported for ortho-H2 up to N = 7 and para-H2 up to N = 15, with the N > 7 assignments only made possible with the help of theoretical simulations. The para-H2 cluster with N = 12 shows clear evidence for superfluid effects, in good agreement with theory. The presence of larger clusters with N > 15 is evident in the spectra, but specific assignments are not possible. Mixed para- + ortho-H2 cluster transitions are well predicted by linear interpolation between corresponding pure cluster line positions. yes yes 2012-03-05 0021-9606 136 9 094305 10.1063/1.3691101 NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269034 abde461e-7763-419c-a26f-33d3f9c02ff1 Thomas J. Boltje aut Wei Zhong aut Jin Park aut Margreet A. Wolfert aut Wangxue Chen aut HHT TSH Geert-jan Boons aut text article eng Francisella tularensis, which is a Gram negative bacterium that causes tularemia, has been classified by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as a category A bioweapon. The development of vaccines, immunotherapeutics, and diagnostics for F. tularensis requires a detailed knowledge of the saccharide structures that can be recognized by protective antibodies. We have synthesized the inner core region of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of F. tularensis to probe antigenic responses elicited by a live and subunit vaccine. The successful preparation of the target compound relied on the use of a disaccharide which was modified by the orthogonal protecting groups diethylisopropylsilyl (DEIPS), 2-naphthylmethyl (Nap), allyl ether (All), and levulinoyl (Lev) ester. The ability to remove the protecting groups in different orders made it possible to establish the optimal glycosylations sequence to prepare a highly crowded 1,2,3-cis configured branching point. A variety of different methods were exploited to control anomeric selectivities of the glycosylations. A comparison of the ¹H NMR spectra of isolated material and the synthetic derivative confirmed the reported structural assignment of the inner core oligosaccharide of F. tularensis. The observation that immunizations with LPS lead to antibody responses to the inner core saccharides provides an impetus to further explore this compound as a vaccine candidate. yes yes 2012-08-29 0002-7863 1520-5126 134 34 14255 14262 8 10.1021/ja306274v Human Health Therapeutics Thérapeutiques en santé humaine National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269033 fd133b22-6eeb-4650-b56f-68cce9a73b4b Li-Yang Shao aut Michael Jakubinek Jakubinek, Michael B. aut SIMS ISSM Tingting Sun aut Benoit Simard aut SIMS ISSM Jacques Albert aut text article eng The observation of four-wave mixing(FWM) in single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) deposited around a tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) has been demonstrated. A thin, floating SWCNTfilm is manually wrapped around the outer cladding of the fiber and FWM occurs between two core-guided laser signals by TFBG-induced interaction of the core mode and cladding modes. The effective nonlinear coefficient is calculated to be 1.8 × 103 W−¹ Km−¹. The wavelength of generated idlers is tunable with a range of 7.8 nm. yes yes 2012-02-16 0003-6951 100 7 071108 10.1063/1.3687170 NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269031 e29a602d-e63a-4967-8dc5-20da39fe74ac M. Molas aut K. Gołasa aut K. Kuldová aut J. Borysiuk aut A. Babiński aut Jean Lapointe Lapointe, J. aut IMS ISM Zbigniew R (Zbig) Wasilewski Wasilewski, Z. R. aut IMS ISM text article eng The effect of the In-flush technique on the optical anisotropy of InAs/GaAs quantum dots(QDs) has been investigated. The anisotropy was deduced from low temperature microluminescence measurements of the splitting of the emission lines related to single neutral excitons confined to the QDs. It was found that the anisotropy was significantly smaller in a structure grown by the In-flush technique as compared to a structure grown without this procedure. It is proposed that this anisotropy reduction is due to the reduction in the strain generated within the GaAs barrier when using the In-flush procedure. yes yes 2012 0021-8979 111 3 033510 10.1063/1.3681329 NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269030 52a4c7a9-3513-462e-a2a6-8a0dd7f5af87 Zhenyu Yang aut Alexander R. Dobbie aut Kai Cui aut SDT TSR Jonathan Veinot Veinot, Jonathan G. C. aut SDT TSR text article eng The first solid-state synthesis of diamond structure silicon nanocube structures with edge lengths of 8–15 nm is reported. It is well-established that controlled high-temperature processing of hydrogen silsesquioxane produces exceptionally well-defined pseudospherical silicon nanocrystals. However, only a small number of accounts outlining shape-controlled synthesis have appeared. We report here that, upon prolonged annealing in an oxide matrix, nanocrystal surfaces thermodynamically self-optimize, yielding particles with cubic geometries. Surface functionalization of the resulting nanocubes is readily achieved via thermal hydrosilylation. Discussion will include description of the synthetic procedure, comprehensive material characterization, and the factors that lead to the formation of cubic structures. yes yes 2012-08-29 0002-7863 1520-5126 134 34 13958 13961 4 10.1021/ja3061497 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269029 2ee0fbc2-cfa4-4b14-ac48-7a5732a49774 Rajesh Kumar aut SDT TSR Rajesh Gopalakrishna Pillai Pillai, Rajesh G. aut SDT TSR Nikola Pekas aut SDT TSR Yiliang Wu aut Richard Louis McCreery McCreery, Richard L. aut SDT TSR text article eng A three terminal molecular memory device was monitored with in situ Raman spectroscopy during bias-induced switching between two metastable states having different conductivity. The device structure is similar to that of a polythiophene field effect transistor, but ethylviologen perchlorate was added to provide a redox counter-reaction to accompany polythiophene redox reactions. The conductivity of the polythiophene layer was reversibly switched between high and low conductance states with a “write/erase” (W/E) bias, while a separate readout circuit monitored the polymer conductance. Raman spectroscopy revealed reversible polythiophene oxidation to its polaron form accompanied by a one-electron viologen reduction. “Write”, “read”, and “erase” operations were repeatable, with only minor degradation of response after 200 W/E cycles. The devices exhibited switching immediately after fabrication and did not require an “electroforming” step required in many types of memory devices. Spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy revealed polaron formation throughout the polymer layer, even away from the electrodes in the channel and drain regions, indicating that thiophene oxidation “propagates” by growth of the conducting polaron form away from the source electrode. The results definitively demonstrate concurrent redox reactions of both polythiophene and viologen in solid-state devices and correlate such reactions with device conductivity. The mechanism deduced from spectroscopic and electronic monitoring should guide significant improvements in memory performance. yes yes 2012-09-12 0002-7863 1520-5126 134 36 14869 14876 8 10.1021/ja304458s Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269028 e1b1f52b-470d-4fbb-911c-0f2a45f23548 E. G. Barbagiovanni aut David J Lockwood Lockwood, D. J. aut IMS ISM P. J. Simpson aut L. V. Goncharova aut text article eng We apply perturbative effective mass theory as a broadly applicable theoretical model for quantum confinement (QC) in all Si and Genanostructures including quantum wells(QWs), wires (Q-wires), and dots(QDs). Within the limits of strong, medium, and weak QC, valence and conduction band edge energy levels (VBM and CBM) were calculated as a function of QD diameters, QW thicknesses, and Q-wire diameters. Crystalline and amorphous quantum systems were considered separately. Calculated band edge levels with strong, medium, and weak QC models were compared with experimental VBM and CBM reported from X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), or photoluminescence(PL). Experimentally, the dimensions of the nanostructures were determined directly, by transmission electron microscopy(TEM), or indirectly, by x-ray diffraction (XRD) or by XPS. We found that crystalline materials are best described by a medium confinement model, while amorphous materials exhibit strong confinement regardless of the dimensionality of the system. Our results indicate that spatial delocalization of the hole in amorphous versus crystalline nanostructures is the important parameter determining the magnitude of the band gap expansion, or the strength of the quantum confinement. In addition, the effective masses of the electron and hole are discussed as a function of crystallinity and spatial confinement. yes yes 2012-02-08 00218979 111 3 034307 10.1063/1.3680884 NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269026 8bddb147-0a91-4ab6-8a7b-29539bd35b1a Scott Baker aut OCRE GOCF Andrew M Cornett Cornett, Andrew aut OCRE GOCF Paul Knox aut OCRE GOCF Coastlab 2012 : 4th International Conference on the Application of Physical Modelling to Port and Coastal Protection, Sept. 17–20, 2012, Ghent, Belgium text article 2013-10-01 eng A 3D physical modelling campaign has been conducted to support the efficient and reliable design of secondary stabilization measures for subsea pipelines to be installed as part of the Browse LNG project. Many different secondary stabilization designs were assessed including static and dynamically re-shaping rock berms, gravity anchors, and V-shaped trenches. Modelled rock berm structures were constructed underwater to simulate prototype construction by fallpipe. This study generated a large amount of data and new information concerning the behaviour and reliability of pipeline stabilization measures in shallow water under extreme short-crested waves and currents. yes yes 2012-10-01 Academia Publishing 10 p. National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada (CNRC-NRC) Ocean, Coastal and River Engineering Génie océanique, côtier et fluvial National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada 21269025 45349460-4e14-45ef-bf00-432d65ffabff C. A. Tulk aut Dennis D Klug Klug, D. D. aut SIMS ISSM A. M. Dos Santos aut G. Karotis aut M. Guthrie aut J. J. Molaison aut N. Pradhan aut text article eng A neutron diffraction study was performed on the CD4 : D2O structure H clathrate hydrate to refine its CD4 fractional cage occupancies. Samples of ice VII and hexagonal (sH) methane hydrate were produced in a Paris–Edinburgh press and in situneutron diffraction data collected. The data were analyzed with the Rietveld method and yielded average cage occupancies of 3.1 CD4 molecules in the large 20-hedron (5^12 6^8) cages of the hydrate unit cell. Each of the pentagonal dodecahedron (5^12) and 12-hedron (4^3 5^6 6^3) cages in the sH unit cell are occupied with on average 0.89 and 0.90 CD4 molecules, respectively. This experiment avoided the co-formation of Ice VI and sH hydrate, this mixture is more difficult to analyze due to the proclivity of ice VI to form highly textured crystals, and overlapping Bragg peaks of the two phases. These results provide essential information for the refinement of intermolecular potential parameters for the water–methane hydrophobic interaction in clathrate hydrates and related dense structures. yes yes 2012-02-01 0021-9606 136 5 054502 10.1063/1.3679875 NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269024 d4c10cd3-6808-4296-a598-28521ce79527 Joseph Edwin Losby Losby, Joseph aut NINT INNT Jacob Alexandre Burgess Burgess, Jacob A. J. aut NINT INNT Zhu Diao aut NINT INNT David C. Fortin aut Wayne Hiebert Hiebert, Wayne K. aut NINT INNT Mark Russell Freeman Freeman, Mark R. aut NINT INNT text article eng We report on the fabrication of sensitive nanotorsional resonators, which can be utilized as magnetometers for investigating the magnetization dynamics in small magnetic elements. The thermo-mechanical noise is calibrated with the resonator displacement in order to determine the ultimate mechanical torque sensitivity of the magnetometer. yes yes 2012-03-05 00218979 111 7 07D305 10.1063/1.3676231 National Institute for Nanotechnology Institut national de nanotechnologie National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269023 06be33a1-ade5-4840-9786-737dff1b3b7c Kui Yu aut SIMS ISSM Amy Hrdina aut SIMS ISSM Jianying Ouyang aut SIMS ISSM David Michael (Dave) Kingston Kingston, David aut ICPET ITPCE Xiaohua Wu aut IMS ISM Donald M (Don) Leek Leek, Donald M. aut SIMS ISSM Xiangyang Liu aut SIMS ISSM Chunsheng Li aut text article eng Highly emissive ultraviolet ZnSeS nanocrystals (NCs), with a core–shell-like structure, were designed and synthesized via a one-step noninjection approach in 1-octadecene (ODE). These ultraviolet ZnSeS NCs exhibit bright bandgap emission with high color purity and little trap emission. With full width at half-maximum (fwhm) of 21 nm only, photoluminescent (PL) quantum yield (QY) of 60% was estimated for one ensemble dispersed in toluene exhibiting bandgap absorption peaking at 380 nm and bandgap emission at 389 nm. These alloyed ZnSeS NCs present a cubic crystal structure consisting of a Se-rich core and a S-rich shell. Such a gradiently alloyed structure was suggested by our investigation on the temporal evolution of optical properties of the growing ZnSeS NCs monitored from 80 to 300 °C, together with structural and compositional characterization performed with XRD, XPS, EDX, and TEM. This newly developed one-step noninjection approach was achieved with zinc oleate (Zn(OA)2), diphenylphosphine selenide (SeDPP), and diphenylphosphine sulfide (SDPP) as Zn, Se, and S precursors, respectively. ZnSe monomers mainly participated in nucleation at 120 °C, while both ZnSe and ZnS monomers contributed to NC formation in later growth stages (160 °C and higher). 31P NMR study demonstrates that SeDPP is more reactive than SDPP toward Zn(OA)2, and also supports such a model proposed on the combination of ZnSe and ZnS monomers leading to nucleation/growth of ZnSeS alloyed NCs. The present study offers conceptual methodology to various highly photoluminescent alloyed NCs with high quality, high particle yield, and high synthetic reproducibility. yes yes alloyed ZnSeS nanocrystals; colloidal quantum dots; photoluminescent; diphenylphosphine; noninjection approach 2012-08-22 1944-8244 1944-8252 4 8 4302 4311 10 10.1021/am3009828 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC NRC Institute for Chemical Process and Environmental Technology Institut de technologie des procédés chimiques et de l'environnement du CNRC NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269022 b0f73fb5-381d-4b11-ba12-5b63c66ca781 Alan McConnachie McConnachie, A. aut HIA IHA J. Richardson aut D. Mackey aut PAndAS collaboration aut Assembling the Puzzle of the Milky Way, April 18-22, 2011, Le Grand-Bornand, France text article eng I summarize some recent key results from the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey (PAndAS), in particular showing how recent discoveries in and around M31 compare to the known structure of the Milky Way and its satellite population. yes yes 2012-02-07 978-2-7598-0718-5 01003 2100-014X 19 10.1051/epjconf/20121901003 NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269021 f6acb726-7d06-4ab8-873b-da8c7d7f6c5a Hailong Lu aut MSS SME Jianwei Wang aut Changling Liu aut MSS SME Christopher I (Chris) Ratcliffe Ratcliffe, Christopher I. aut MSS SME Udo Becker aut Rajnish Kumar aut MSS SME John A Ripmeester Ripmeester, John aut MSS SME text article eng Experiments were carried out by reacting H2 gas with N2 hydrate at a temperature of 243 K and a pressure of 15 MPa. The characterizations of the reaction products indicated that multiple H2 molecules can be loaded into both large and small cages of structure II clathrate hydrates. The realization of multiple H2 occupancy of hydrate cages under moderate conditions not only brings new insights into hydrogen clathrates but also refreshes the perspective of clathrate hydrates as hydrogen storage media. yes yes 2012-06-06 0002-7863 1520-5126 134 22 9160 9162 3 10.1021/ja303222u Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269020 b9e3d0cf-feb3-41b4-b605-ca165c9f6031 Peter Martin Ryan Ryan, Peter M. aut SDT TSR Lucian Livadaru aut SDT TSR Gino A DiLabio Dilabio, Gino A. aut SDT TSR Robert A (Bob) Wolkow Wolkow, Robert A. aut SDT TSR text article eng We pursue dynamic charge and occupancy modulation of silicon dangling bond sites on H–Si(100)-2 × 1 with a biased scanning tunneling microscope tip and demonstrate that the reactivity and mechanism of product formation of cyclobutylmethylketone (CBMK) on the surface at the active sites may be thus spatially regulated. Reactivity is observed to be dependent on the polarity between tip and surface while the area over which reactivity modulation is established scales according to the dopant concentration in the sample. We account for these observations with examination of the competition kinetics applicable to the CBMK/H–Si reaction and determine how said kinetics are affected by the charge state of DB sites associated with reaction initiation and propagation. Our experiments demonstrate a new paradigm in lithographic control of a self-assembly process on H–Si and reveal a variant to the well-known radical mediated chain reaction chemistry applicable to the H–Si surface where self-assembly is initiated with dative bond formation between the molecule and a DB site. yes yes 2012-07-25 0002-7863 1520-5126 134 29 12054 12063 10 10.1021/ja3017208 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269019 7b0cfdf8-c7c6-4acc-8ad0-7ba13dce1245 J.-F. Lestrade aut Brenda Matthews Matthews, B. C. aut NSI ISN B. Sibthorpe aut G. M. Kennedy aut M. C. Wyatt aut G. Bryden aut J. S. Greaves aut E. Thilliez aut A. Moro-Martín aut M. Booth aut W. R. F. Dent aut G. Duchêne aut P. M. Harvey aut J. Horner aut P. Kalas aut J. J. Kavelaars aut N. M. Phillips aut D. R. Rodriguez aut K. Y. L. Su aut D. J. Wilner aut text article eng Debris disks have been found primarily around intermediate and solar mass stars (spectral types A–K) but rarely around low mass M-type stars. We have spatially resolved a debris disk around the remarkable M3-type star GJ 581 hosting multiple planets using deep PACS images at 70, 100 and 160 μm as part of the DEBRIS Program on the Herschel Space Observatory. This is the second spatially resolved debris disk found around an M-type star, after the one surrounding the young star AU Mic (12 Myr). However, GJ 581 is much older (2–8 Gyr), and is X-ray quiet in the ROSAT data. We fit an axisymmetric model of the disk to the three PACS images and found that the best fit model is for a disk extending radially from 25 ± 12 AU to more than 60 AU. Such a cold disk is reminiscent of the Kuiper belt but it surrounds a low mass star (0.3 M⊙) and its fractional dust luminosity Ldust/L∗ of ~ 10-4 is much higher. The inclination limits of the disk found in our analysis make the masses of the planets small enough to ensure the long-term stability of the system according to some dynamical simulations. The disk is collisionally dominated down to submicron-sized grains and the dust cannot be expelled from the system by radiation or wind pressures because of the low luminosity and low X-ray luminosity of GJ 581. We suggest that the correlation between low-mass planets and debris disks recently found for G-type stars also applies to M-type stars. Finally, the known planets, of low masses and orbiting within 0.3 AU from the star, cannot dynamically perturb the disk over the age of the star, suggesting that an additional planet exists at larger distance that is stirring the disk to replenish the dust. yes yes 2012-11-27 0004-6361 1432-0746 548 A86 10.1051/0004-6361/201220325 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269018 b4733b92-1f85-4715-9e9d-9f6a528b1918 J. D. Landstreet aut S. Bagnulo aut G. G. Valyavin aut L. Fossati aut S. Jordan aut Dmitry Monin Monin, D. aut NSI ISN G. A. Wade aut text article eng Context. About 10% of white dwarfs have magnetic fields with strength in the range between about 105 and 5 × 108 G. It is not known whether the remaining white dwarfs are not magnetic, or if they have magnetic fields too weak to be detected with the techniques adopted in the large surveys. Information is particularly lacking for the cooler (and generally fainter) white dwarfs. Aims. We describe the results of the first survey specifically devised to clarify the detection frequency of kG-level magnetic fields in cool DA white dwarfs. Methods. Using the FORS1 instrument of the ESO VLT, we have obtained Balmer line circular spectropolarimetric measurements of a small sample of cool (DA6 – DA8) white dwarfs. Using FORS and UVES archive data, we have also revised numerous white dwarf field measurements previously published in the literature. Results. We have discovered an apparently constant longitudinal magnetic field of ~9.5 kG in the DA6 white dwarf WD 2105−820. This star is the first weak-field white dwarf that has been observed sufficiently to roughly determine the characteristics of its field. The available data are consistent with a simple dipolar morphology with magnetic axis nearly parallel to the rotation axis, and a polar strength of ≃ 56 kG. Our re-evaluation of the FORS archive data for white dwarfs indicates that longitudinal magnetic fields weaker than 10 kG have previously been correctly identified in at least three white dwarfs. However, for one of these three weak-field stars (WD 2359−434), UVES archive data show a ~100 kG mean field modulus. Either at the time of the FORS observations the star’s magnetic field axis was nearly perpendicular to the line of sight, or the star’s magnetic field has rather complex structure. Conclusions. We find that the probability of detecting a field of kG strength in a DA white dwarf is of the order of 10% for each of the cool and hot DA stars. If there is a lower cutoff to field strength in white dwarfs, or a field below which all white dwarfs are magnetic, the current precision of measurements is not yet sufficient to reveal it. white dwarfs, stars: magnetic field yes yes 2012-08-31 0004-6361 1432-0746 545 A30 10.1051/0004-6361/201219829 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269017 e9cc8f44-1eb8-4335-97b3-d924ffd810be W. Huang aut NSI ISN G. Wallerstein aut NSI ISN M. Stone aut text article eng We have assembled an atlas of line profiles of the Paschen Delta (Pδ) line at 10 049 Å for the use of stellar modelling. For a few stars we have substituted the Paschen Gamma (Pγ) line at 10 938 Å because the Pδ line blends with other features. Most of the targets are standard stars of spectral types from B to M. A few metal-poor stars have been included. For many of the stars we have also observed the Hydrogen Alpha (Hα) line so as to compare the profiles of lines originating from the meta-stable n = 2 level with lines originating from the n = 3 level. The greatest difference in line profile is found for high luminosity and cool stars where the departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) in the population of the n = 2 level is expected to be the greatest. For a few stars, sample line profiles have been calculated in the LTE approximation to demonstrate the usefulness of the tabulated and displayed catalogue. yes yes 2012-10-29 0004-6361 1432-0746 547 A62 10.1051/0004-6361/201219804 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269016 c810e5f8-5b06-4daf-a1b9-4ad9dc6625eb Christophe Renault aut Claude P. Andrieux aut Ryan T. Tucker aut Michael Julian Brett Brett, Michael J. aut NINT INNT Véronique Balland aut Benoît Limoges aut text article eng Nanoporous films of indium tin oxide (ITO), with thicknesses ranging from 250 nm to 2 μm, were prepared by Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD) and used as highly sensitive transparent 3D-electrodes for quantitatively interrogating, by time-resolved spectroelectrochemistry, the reactivity of microperoxidase-11 (MP-11) adsorbed within such films. The capacitive current densities of these 3D-electrodes as well as the amount of adsorbed MP-11 were shown to be linearly correlated to the GLAD ITO film thickness, indicating a homogeneous distribution of MP-11 across the film as well as homogeneous film porosity. Under saturating adsorption conditions, MP-11 film concentration as high as 60 mM was reached. This is equivalent to a stack of 110 monolayers of MP-11 per micrometer film thickness. This high MP-11 film loading combined with the excellent ITO film conductivity has allowed the simultaneous characterization of the heterogeneous one-electron transfer dynamics of the MP-11 FeIII/FeII redox couple by cyclic voltammetry and cyclic voltabsorptometry, up to a scan rate of few volts per second with a satisfactory single-scan signal-to-noise ratio. The potency of the method to unravel complex redox coupled chemical reactions was also demonstrated with the catalytic reduction of oxygen by MP-11. In the presence of O2, cross-correlation of electrochemical and spectroscopic data has allowed us to determine the key kinetics and thermodynamics parameters of the redox catalysis that otherwise could not be easily extracted using conventional protein film voltammetry. On the basis of numerical simulations of cyclic voltammograms and voltabsorptograms and within the framework of different plausible catalytic reaction schemes including appropriate approximations, it was shown possible to discriminate between different possible catalytic pathways and to identify the relevant catalytic cycle. In addition, from the best fits of simulations to the experimental voltammograms and voltabsorptograms, the partition coefficient of O2 for the ITO film as well as the values of two kinetic rate constants could be extracted. It was finally concluded that the catalytic reduction of O2 by MP-11 adsorbed within nanoporous ITO films occurs via a 2-electron mechanism with the formation of an intermediate FeIII–OOH adduct characterized by a decay rate of 11 s⁻¹. The spectroelectroanalytical strategy presented here opens new opportunities for characterizing complex redox-coupled chemical reactions not only with redox proteins, but also with redox biomimetic systems and catalysts. It might also be of great interest for the development and optimization of new spectroelectrochemical sensors and biosensors, or eventually new photoelectrocatalytic systems or biofuel cells. yes yes 2012-04-18 0002-7863 1520-5126 134 15 6834 6845 12 10.1021/ja301193s National Institute for Nanotechnology Institut national de nanotechnologie National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269015 31a6836b-99c3-4b8b-96da-e883aee6d06b S. Pezzuto aut D. Elia aut E. Schisano aut F. Strafella aut James Di Francesco Di Francesco, J. aut NSI ISN Sarah Ilana Sadavoy Sadavoy, S. aut NSI ISN P. André aut M. Benedettini aut J. P. Bernard aut A. M. Di Giorgio aut A. Facchini aut M. Hennemann aut T. Hill aut V. Könyves aut S. Molinari aut F. Motte aut Q. Nguyen-Luong aut N. Peretto aut M. Pestalozzi aut D. Polychroni aut K. L. J. Rygl aut P. Saraceno aut N. Schneider aut L. Spinoglio aut L. Testi aut D. Ward-Thompson aut G. J. White aut text article eng We report far-infrared Herschel observations obtained between 70 μm and 500 μm of two star-forming dusty condensations, [HKM99] B1-bS and [HKM99] B1-bN, in the B1 region of the Perseus star-forming cloud. In the western part of the Perseus cloud, B1-bS is the only source detected in all six PACS and SPIRE photometric bands, but it is not visible in the Spitzer map at 24 μm. B1-bN is clearly detected between 100 μm and 250 μm. We have fitted the spectral energy distributions of these sources to derive their physical properties, and find that a simple greybody model fails to reproduce the observed spectral energy distributions. At least a two-component model is required, consisting of a central source surrounded by a dusty envelope. The properties derived from the fit, however, suggest that the central source is not a Class 0 object. We then conclude that while B1-bS and B1-bN appear to be more evolved than a pre-stellar core, the best-fit models suggest that their central objects are younger than a Class 0 source. Hence, they may be good candidates to be examples of the first hydrostatic core phase. The projected distance between B1-bS and B1-bN is a few Jeans lengths. If their physical separation is close to this value, this pair would allow studying the mutual interactions between two forming stars at a very early stage of their evolution. yes yes 2012-10-25 0004-6361 1432-0746 547 A54 10.1051/0004-6361/201219501 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269014 47d03dd6-bca6-4343-8fc6-e8d0597a4f99 M. Hennemann aut F. Motte aut N. Schneider aut P. Didelon aut T. Hill aut D. Arzoumanian aut S. Bontemps aut T. Csengeri aut Ph. André aut V. Konyves aut F. Louvet aut A. Marston aut A. Men’shchikov aut V. Minier aut Q. Nguyen Luong aut P. Palmeirim aut N. Peretto aut M. Sauvage aut A. Zavagno aut L. D. Anderson aut J.-Ph. Bernard aut James Di Francesco Di Francesco, J. aut NSI ISN D. Elia aut J. Z. Li aut P. G. Martin aut S. Molinari aut S. Pezzuto aut D. Russeil aut K. L. J. Rygl aut E. Schisano aut L. Spinoglio aut T. Sousbie aut D. Ward-Thompson aut G. J. White aut text article eng In order to characterise the cloud structures responsible for the formation of high-mass stars, we present Herschel observations of the DR21 environment. Maps of the column density and dust temperature unveil the structure of the DR21 ridge and several connected filaments. The ridge has column densities higher than 10²³ cm-² over a region of 2.3 pc². It shows substructured column density profiles and branches into two major filaments in the north. The masses in the filaments range between 130 and 1400 M⊙, whereas the mass in the ridge is 15 000 M⊙. The accretion of these filaments onto the DR21 ridge, suggested by a previous molecular line study, could provide a continuous mass inflow to the ridge. In contrast to the striations seen in, e.g., the Taurus region, these filaments are gravitationally unstable and form cores and protostars. These coresformed in the filaments potentially fall into the ridge. Both inflow and collisions of cores could be important to drive the observed high-mass star formation. The evolutionary gradient of star formation running from DR21 in the south to the northern branching is traced by decreasing dust temperature. This evolution and the ridge structure can be explained by two main filamentary components of the ridge that merged first in the south. yes yes 2012-06-27 0004-6361 1432-0746 543 L3 10.1051/0004-6361/201219429 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269012 c74dfb44-3edb-4536-ae3c-3b4975c2ecaf K. A. Alamo-Martínez aut M. J. West aut John P Blakeslee Blakeslee, J. P. aut NSI ISN R. A. González-Lópezlira aut A. Jordán aut M. Gregg aut Patrick J D (Pat) Côté Côté, P. aut NSI ISN M. J. Drinkwater aut S. Van den Bergh aut text article eng We study the globular cluster (GC) systems in three representative fossil group galaxies: the nearest (NGC 6482), the prototype (NGC 1132) and the most massive known to date (ESO 306-017). This is the first systematic study of GC systems in fossil groups. Using data obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys in the F475W and F850LP filters, we determine the GC color and magnitude distributions, surface number density profiles, and specific frequencies. In all three systems, the GC color distribution is bimodal, the GCs are spatially more extended than the starlight, and the red population is more concentrated than the blue. The specific frequencies seem to scale with the optical luminosities of the central galaxy and span a range similar to that of the normal bright elliptical galaxies in rich environments. We also analyze the galaxy surface brightness distributions to look for deviations from the best-fit Sérsic profiles; we find evidence of recent dynamical interaction in all three fossil group galaxies. Using X-ray data from the literature, we find that luminosity and metallicity appear to correlate with the number of GCs and their mean color, respectively. Interestingly, although NGC 6482 has the lowest mass and luminosity in our sample, its GC system has the reddest mean color, and the surrounding X-ray gas has the highest metallicity. yes yes 2012-09-28 0004-6361 1432-0746 546 A15 10.1051/0004-6361/201219285 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269011 be1aa688-3c15-4cac-9428-e0418f5128a5 A. Duarte-Cabral aut A. Chrysostomou aut N. Peretto aut G. A. Fuller aut Brenda Matthews Matthews, B. aut NSI ISN Gerald Schieven Schieven, G. aut NSI ISN G. R. Davis aut text article eng Context. Star forming regions may share many characteristics, but the specific interplay between gravity, magnetic fields, large-scale dynamics, and protostellar feedback will have an impact on the star formation history of each region. The importance of feedback from outflows is a particular subject to debate, as we are yet to understand the details of their impact on clouds and star formation. Aims. The Pipe Nebula is a nearby molecular cloud hosting the B59 region as its only active star-forming clump. This paper focuses on the global dynamics of B59, its temperature structure, and its outflowing gas, with the goal of revealing the local and global impact of the protostellar outflows. Methods. Using HARP at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, we have mapped the B59 region in the J = 3 → 2 transition of 12CO to study the kinematics and energetics of the outflows, and the same transitions of 13CO and C18O to study the overall dynamics of the ambient cloud, the physical properties of the gas, and the hierarchical structure of the region. Results. The B59 region has a total of ~30 M⊙ of cold and quiescent material, mostly gravitationally bound, with narrow line widths throughout. Such low levels of turbulence in the non-star-forming regions within B59 are indicative of the intrinsic initial conditions of the cloud. On the other hand, close to the protostars the impact of the outflows is observed as a localised increase of both C18O line widths from ~0.3 km s-¹ to ~1 km s-¹, and 13CO excitation temperatures by ~2–3 K. The impact of the outflows is also evident in the low column density material which shows signs of being shaped by the outflow bow shocks as they pierce their way out of the cloud. Much of this structure is readily apparent in a dendrogram analysis of the cloud and demonstrates that when decomposing clouds using such techniques a careful interpretation of the results is needed. Conclusions. The low mass of B59 together with its intrinsically quiescent gas and small number of protostars, allows the identification of specific regions where the outflows from the embedded sources interact the dense gas. Our study suggests that outflows are an important mechanism for injecting and sustaining supersonic turbulence at sub-parsec size scales. We find that less than half of the outflow energy is deposited as turbulent energy of the gas, however this turbulent energy is sufficient to slow down the collapse of the region. yes yes 2012-07-12 0004-6361 1432-0746 543 A140 10.1051/0004-6361/201219240 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269010 7cc6c46a-92e6-487c-9f76-e104ec62d55b K. Brogaard aut D. A. Vandenberg aut H. Bruntt aut F. Grundahl aut S. Frandsen aut L. R. Bedin aut A. P. Milone aut A. Dotter aut G. A. Feiden aut Peter B Stetson Stetson, P. B. aut NSI ISN E. Sandquist aut A. Miglio aut D. Stello aut J. Jessen-Hansen aut text article eng Context. Models of stellar structure and evolution can be constrained by measuring accurate parameters of detached eclipsing binaries in open clusters. Multiple binary stars provide the means to determine helium abundances in these old stellar systems, and in turn, to improve estimates of their age. Aims. In the first paper of this series, we demonstrated how measurements of multiple eclipsing binaries in the old open cluster NGC 6791 sets tighter constraints on the properties of stellar models than has previously been possible, thereby potentially improving both the accuracy and precision of the cluster age. Here we add additional constraints and perform an extensive model comparison to determine the best estimates of the cluster age and helium content, employing as many observational constraints as possible. Methods. We improve our photometry and correct empirically for differential reddening effects. We then perform an extensive comparison of the new colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) and eclipsing binary measurements to Victoria and DSEP isochrones in order to estimate cluster parameters. We also reanalyse a spectrum of the star 2–17 to improve [Fe/H] constraints. Results. We find a best estimate of the age of ~8.3 Gyr for NGC 6791 while demonstrating that remaining age uncertainty is dominated by uncertainties in the CNO abundances. The helium mass fraction is well constrained at Y = 0.30±0.01 resulting in ΔY/ΔZ ~  1.4 assuming that such a relation exists. During the analysis we firmly identify blue straggler stars, including the star 2–17, and find indications for the presence of their evolved counterparts. Our analysis supports the RGB mass-loss found from asteroseismology and we determine precisely the absolute mass of stars on the lower RGB, MRGB = 1.15±0.02 M⊙. This will be an important consistency check for the detailed asteroseismology of cluster stars. Conclusions. Using multiple, detached eclipsing binaries for determining stellar cluster ages, it is now possible to constrain parameters of stellar models, notably the helium content, which were previously out of reach. By observing a suitable number of detached eclipsing binaries in several open clusters, it will be possible to calibrate the age-scale and the helium enrichment parameter Δ Y/Δ Z, and provide firm constraints that stellar models must reproduce. yes yes 2012-07-05 0004-6361 1432-0746 543 A106 10.1051/0004-6361/201219196 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269009 a9980e3d-6e6d-408f-b696-e2376303d85f T. Khanzadyan aut C. J. Davis aut C. Aspin aut D. Froebrich aut M. D. Smith aut T. Yu. Magakian aut T. Movsessian aut Gerald Schieven Moriarty-Schieven, G. H. aut NSI ISN E. H. Nikogossian aut T.-S. Pyo aut T. L. Beck aut text article eng Context. Outflows and jets are the first signposts of ongoing star formation processes in any molecular cloud, yet their study in optical bands provides limited results due to the large extinction present. Near-infrared unbiased wide-field observations in the H2 1−0 S(1) line at 2.122 μm alleviates the problem, enabling us to detect more outflows and trace them closer to their driving sources. Aims. As part of a large-scale multi-waveband study of ongoing star formation in the Braid Nebula star formation region, we focus on a one square degree region that includes Lynds Dark Nebula 1003 and 1004. Our goal is to find all of the near-infrared outflows, uncover their driving sources and estimate their evolutionary phase. Methods. We use near-infrared wide-field observations obtained with WFCAM on UKIRT, in conjunction with previously-published optical and archival MM data, to search for outflows and identify their driving sources; we subsequently use colour − colour analysis to determine the evolutionary phase of each source. Results. Within a one square degree field we have identified 37 complex MHOs, most of which are new. After combining our findings with other wide-field, multi-waveband observations of the same region we were able to discern 28 outflows and at least 18 protostars. Our analysis suggests that these protostars are younger and/or more energetic than those of the Taurus-Auriga region. The outflow data enable us to suggest connection between outflow ejection and repetitive FU Ori outburst events. We also find that star formation progresses from W to E across the investigated region. yes yes 2012-06-15 0004-6361 1432-0746 542 A111 A111-1 A111-36 10.1051/0004-6361/201219124 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269008 71613e19-6d3f-42a2-a631-dc1c386222ba Ganna Gryn’ova aut Keith Ingold Ingold, K. U. aut SDT TSR Michelle L. Coote aut text article eng High-level ab initio molecular orbital theory calculations are used to identify the origin of the remarkably high inhibition stoichiometric factors exhibited by dialkylamine-based radical-trapping antioxidants. We have calculated the free energy barriers and reaction energies at 25, 80, and 260 °C in the gas phase and in aqueous solution for a broad range of reactions that might, potentially, be involved in amine/nitroxide cycling, as well as several novel pathways proposed as part of the present work, including that of N-alkyl hindered amine light stabilizer activation. We find that most of the literature nitroxide regeneration cycles should be discarded on either kinetic or thermodynamic grounds; some are even inconsistent with existing experimental observations. We therefore propose a new mechanistic cycle that relies on abstraction of a β-hydrogen atom from an alkoxyamine (R¹R²NOCHR³R⁴). Our results suggest that this cycle is energetically feasible for a range of substrates and provides an explanation for previously misinterpreted or unexplained experimental results. We also explore alternative mechanisms for amine/nitroxide cycling for cases where the alkoxyamines do not possess an abstractable β-hydrogen. yes yes 2012-08-08 0002-7863 1520-5126 134 31 12979 12988 10 10.1021/ja3006379 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269007 109a7c2b-8af6-400f-9b80-116a54aacccb R Elizabeth (Elizabeth) Griffin Griffin, R. E. aut NSI ISN R. O. Gray aut C. J. Corbally aut text article eng The existence of the λ Boo type as a class of chemically-peculiar stars in its own right has taxed numerous researchers, and has challenged spectroscopists to produce a model which is plausible, comprehensive and predictive. Stars which are recognized as members of the λ Boo class have late-B to early-F spectral types, and exhibit (often substantially) low abundances of Fe-peak elements although elements such as C, N, O and S may have more nearly solar abundances. Since less than 2% of objects within the relevant spectral-type domain appear to be λ Boo stars their existence has demanded rather special conditions, and has triggered opinion that this group may not in fact exist but that each case can be explained as an unrecognized binary. In this paper we examine those claims by monitoring 10 stars, listed in the literature as possible λ Boo stars but said to be “likely candidates” for composite-spectrum binaries, by employing high-dispersion spectroscopy in an intermittent observing programme designed to reveal the sort of line-profile changes that should be detectable if each object were really a pair of similar stars in an SB2 system. We also monitor two other stars: HR 7903, said to be a binary (but is more like an Ap star), and λ Boo itself. The sample includes 1 possible, 1 marginal and 4 definite λ Boo classifications. In addition, we derive the physical properties of the 12 stars by photometric and spectroscopic synthesis, and measure their radial velocities. Three of the sample show small line-profile variations, but not of the sort that can be attributed to the presence of a companion star; they are the suspected Ap star HR 7903, HR 6878 (which exhibits spectrum peculiarities very similar to those of HR 7903 but has not previously been classified as Bp or Ap), and λ Aql, whose rapid spectrum variations resemble those observed in spotted or CP stars. None of the stars shows any evidence to suggest that it could be a composite-spectrum binary. yes yes 2012-10-19 0004-6361 1432-0746 547 A8 10.1051/0004-6361/201219112 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269006 beabce89-6ace-4c0c-acdf-d75ca3d2ff83 Farshid Ramezanipour aut John E. Greedan aut Lachlan Cranswick Cranswick, Lachlan M. D. aut CNBC CCFN V. Ovidiu Garlea aut Ronald L (Ron) Donaberger Donaberger, Ronald L. aut CNBC CCFN Joan Siewenie aut text article eng Ten compounds belonging to the series of oxygen-deficient perovskite oxides Ca2Fe2–xMnxO5 and CaSrFe2–xMnxO5+y, where x = 1/2, 2/3, and 1 and y ≈ 0–0.5, were synthesized and investigated with respect to the ordering of oxygen vacancies on both local and long-range length scales and the effect on crystal structure and magnetic properties. For the set with y ≈ 0 the oxygen vacancies always order in the long-range sense to form the brownmillerite structure containing alternating layers of octahedrally and tetrahedrally coordinated cations. However, there is a change in symmetry from Pnma to Icmm upon substitution of Sr for one Ca for all x, indicating local Td chain (vacancy) disorder. In the special case of CaSrFeMnO5 the neutron diffraction peaks broaden, indicating only short-range structural order on a length scale of 160 Å. This reveals a systematic progression from Ca2FeMnO5 (Pnma, well-ordered tetrahedral chains) to CaSrFeMnO5 (Icmm, disordered tetrahedral chains, overall short-range order) to Sr2FeMnO5 (Pm3m, destruction of tetrahedral chains in a long-range sense). Systematic changes occur in the magnetic properties as well. While long-range antiferromagnetic order is preserved, the magnetic transition temperature, Tc, decreases for the same x when Sr substitutes for one Ca. A review of the changes in Tc for the series Ca2Fe2–xMxO5, taking into account the tetrahedral/octahedral site preferences for the various M3+ ions, leads to a partial understanding of the origin of magnetic order in these materials in terms of a layered antiferromagnetic model. While in all cases the preferred magnetic moment direction is (010) at low temperatures, there is a cross over for x = 0.5 to (100) with increasing temperature for both the Ca2Fe2–xMnxO5 and the CaSrFe2–xMnxO5 series. For the y > 0 phases, while a brownmillerite ordering of oxygen vacancies is preserved for the Ca2 phases, a disordered Pm3m cubic perovskite structure is always found when Sr is substituted for one Ca. Long-range magnetic order is also lost, giving way to spin glass or cluster-glass-like behavior below 50 K. For the x = 0.5 phase, neutron pair distribution function (NPDF) studies show a local structure related to brownmillerite ordering of oxygen vacancies. Neutron diffraction data at 3.8 K show a broad magnetic feature, incommensurate with any multiple of the chemical lattice, and with a correlation length (magnetic domain) of 6.7(4) Å. yes yes 2012-02-15 1520-5126 134 6 3215 3227 13 10.1021/ja210985t NRC Canadian Neutron Beam Centre Centre canadien de faisceaux de neutrons du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269005 30a42351-6746-4ba2-b9cf-d8cdbe22035c Min Guan aut Wendong Wang aut Eric J. Henderson aut Ömer Dag aut Christian Kübel aut Venkata sai kiran Chakravadhanula aut Julia Rinck aut Igor Moudrakovski Moudrakovski, Igor L. aut MSS SME Jordan Thomson aut Jeffrey Mcdowell aut Annie K. Powell aut Haixia Zhang aut Geoffrey A. Ozin aut text article eng A contemporary question in the intensely active field of periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) materials is how large a silsesquioxane precursor can be self-assembled under template direction into the pore walls of an ordered mesostructure. An answer to this question is beginning to emerge with the ability to synthesize dendrimer, buckyball, and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane PMOs. In this paper, we further expand the library of large-scale silsesquioxane precursors by demonstrating that photoluminescent nanocrystalline silicon that has been surface-capped with oligo(triethoxysilylethylene), denoted as ncSi:(CH2CH2Si(OEt)3)nH, can be self-assembled into a photoluminescent nanocrystalline silicon periodic mesoporous organosilica (ncSi-PMO). A comprehensive multianalytical characterization of the structural and optical properties of ncSi-PMO demonstrates that the material gainfully combines the photoluminescent properties of nanocrystalline silicon with the porous structure of the PMO. This integration of two functional components makes ncSi-PMO a promising multifunctional material for optoelectronic and biomedical applications. yes yes 2012-05-23 0002-7863 1520-5126 134 20 8439 8446 8 10.1021/ja209532e Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269003 10687d38-0a1f-4340-a339-fed462daa109 Lawrence Andrew Huck Huck, Lawrence A. aut NINT INNT Jillian Buriak Buriak, Jillian M. aut NINT INNT text article eng White-light initiated hydrosilylation of nanocrystalline porous silicon was found to be far more efficient (in terms of both kinetics and yield) in the presence of electron-accepting molecules with suitably high reduction potentials, particularly halocarbons. It is known that absorption of visible light by nanocrystalline silicon results in the formation of excitons (electron/hole pairs) and that this exciton can be harnessed to drive a hydrosilylation reaction with an alkene; the Si–C bond forms as a result of attack of the π-electrons of the alkene on the positively charged holes. In order to better understand the white-light initiated mechanism through which this reaction takes place, and to compare with UV-mediated photoemission on Si(111)–H, a series of electron acceptors were screened for their effect on surface alkene hydrosilylation. A very strong correlation between reduction potentials (Ered) of the oxidant and reaction efficiency was observed, with a minimum “turn-on” Ered required for an increase to take place. The oxidant appears to accept, or remove, the electron from the nanocrystallite-bound exciton, favoring attack by the alkene on the positively charged Si nanocrystallite, leading to Si–C bond formation. Radical reactions were discounted for a number of reasons, including lack of effect of radical traps, no apparent Si–Cl bond formation, lack of oxidation of the surfaces, and others. Unlike with other oxidants such as nitro-aromatics, halocarbons do not cause additional surface reactions and promote very clean, fast, and selective hydrosilylation chemistry. yes yes 2012-01-11 0002-7863 1520-5126 134 1 489 497 9 10.1021/ja208604r National Institute for Nanotechnology Institut national de nanotechnologie National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269002 10aef643-307f-476b-956f-13c63db58aa0 T. Hill aut F. Motte aut P. Didelon aut G. J. White aut A. P. Marston aut Q. Nguyên Luong aut S. Bontemps aut Ph. André aut N. Schneider aut M. Hennemann aut M. Sauvage aut James Di Francesco Di Francesco, J. aut NSI ISN V. Minier aut L. D. Anderson aut J. P. Bernard aut D. Elia aut M. J. Griffin aut J. Z. Li aut N. Peretto aut S. Pezzuto aut D. Polychroni aut H. Roussel aut K. L. J. Rygl aut E. Schisano aut T. Sousbie aut L. Testi aut D. Ward Thompson aut A. Zavagno aut text article eng We present Herschel images from the HOBYS key program of the Eagle Nebula (M 16) in the far-infrared and sub-millimetre, using the PACS and SPIRE cameras at 70 μm, 160 μm, 250 μm, 350 μm, 500 μm. M 16, home to the Pillars of Creation, is largely under the influence of the nearby NGC 6611 high-mass star cluster. The Herschel images reveal a clear dust temperature gradient running away from the centre of the cavity carved by the OB cluster. We investigate the heating effect of NGC 6611 on the entire M 16 star-forming complex seen by Herschel including the diffuse cloud environment and the dense filamentary structures identified in this region. In addition, we interpret the three-dimensional geometry of M 16 with respect to the nebula, its surrounding environment, and the NGC 6611 cavity. The dust temperature and column density maps reveal a prominent eastern filament running north-south and away from the high-mass star-forming central region and the NGC 6611 cluster, as well as a northern filament which extends around and away from the cluster. The dust temperature in each of these filaments decreases with increasing distance from the NGC 6611 cluster, indicating a heating penetration depth of ~10 pc in each direction in 3–6  ×  1022 cm-2 column density filaments. We show that in high-mass star-forming regions OB clusters impact the temperature of future star-forming sites, modifying the initialconditions for collapse and effecting the evolutionary criteria of protostars developed from spectral energy distributions. Possible scenarios for the origin of the morphology seen in this region are discussed, including a western equivalent to the eastern filament, which was destroyed by the creation of the OB cluster and its subsequent winds and radiation. yes yes 2012-06-19 0004-6361 1432-0746 542 A114 10.1051/0004-6361/201219009 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269001 442ec488-1feb-4021-a342-c70467023fc5 Jefferson Chan aut Andrew R. Lewis aut Deepani Indurugalla aut Melissa J Schur Schur, Melissa aut IBS ISB Warren W Wakarchuk Wakarchuk, Warren aut IBS ISB Andrew J. Bennet aut text article eng A series of isotopically labeled natural substrate analogues (phenyl 5-N-acetyl-α-d-neuraminyl-(2→3)-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-1-thio-β-d-glucopyranoside; Neu5Acα2,3LacβSPh, and the corresponding 2→6 isomer) were prepared chemoenzymatically in order to characterize, by use of multiple kinetic isotope effect (KIE) measurements, the glycosylation transition states for Vibrio cholerae sialidase-catalyzed hydrolysis reactions. The derived KIEs for Neu5Acα2,3LacβSPh for the ring oxygen (18V/K), leaving group oxygen (°⁶V/K), C3-S deuterium (DV/KS) and C3-R deuterium (DV/KR) are 1.029 ± 0.002, 0.983 ± 0.001, 1.034 ± 0.002, and 1.043 ± 0.002, respectively. In addition, the KIEs for Neu5Acα2,6βSPh for C3-S deuterium (DV/KS) and C3-R deuterium (DV/KR) are 1.021 ± 0.001 and 1.049 ± 0.001, respectively. The glycosylation transition state structures for both Neu5Acα2,3LacβSPh and Neu5Acα2,6LacβSPh were modeled computationally using the experimental KIE values as goodness of fit criteria. Both transition states are late with largely cleaved glycosidic bonds coupled to pyranosyl ring flattening (4H5 half-chair conformation) with little or no nucleophilic involvement of the enzymatic tyrosine residue. Notably, the transition state for the catalyzed hydrolysis of Neu5Acα2,6βSPh appears to incorporate a lesser degree of general-acid catalysis, relative to the 2,3-isomer. yes yes 2012-02-29 0002-7863 1520-5126 134 8 3748 3757 10 10.1021/ja208564y NRC Institute for Biological Sciences Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21269000 7c867330-319e-43c0-859e-77d22ac05b0a Edgar L. Martínez Arias aut Patricia Fazzio Martins aut André L. Jardini Munhoz aut Luis Gutierrez-Rivera aut SDT TSR Rubens Maciel Filho aut text article eng Currently, there is great interest in developing new processes for continuous biodiesel synthesis in order to overcome problems imposed by biphasic reaction and thermodynamic equilibrium, as well as to reduce production costs related to the conventional batch reaction processes. The use of microreactors can significantly improve the mixing between reactants and phases, enhancing the transfer rates, and, consequently, increasing biodiesel yields. Therefore, in this work, microreactors with different internal geometries have been fabricated and used for continuous production of biodiesel from castor oil and ethanol. The influences of the microchannel geometry (Tesla-, omega-, and T-shaped) on the performance of the biodiesel synthesis were experimentally studied. Higher biodiesel yields were reached using the Tesla- and omega-shaped microchannels than during the T-shaped microchannels due to better mixture mechanism efficiency. Using a catalyst loading of 1.0 wt % NaOH and a reaction temperature of 50 °C, ethyl ester conversions of 96.7, 95.3, and 93.5% were achieved using Tesla-, omega-, and T-shaped microreactors, respectively. In addition, transesterification reaction in situ monitoring by near-infrared spectroscopy using a fiber-optic probe was evaluated, showing that more studies must be performed in order to allow its use in online monitoring of continuous processes. yes yes 2012-08-22 0888-5885 1520-5045 51 33 10755 10767 13 10.1021/ie300486v National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268999 d3eeaa7c-dc71-4aaa-8e7e-763d348ec58c A. Vigan aut J. Patience aut Christian Marois Marois, C. aut NSI ISN M. Bonavita aut R. J. De Rosa aut B. Macintosh aut I. Song aut R. Doyon aut B. Zuckerman aut D. Lafrenière aut T. Barman aut text article eng Breakthrough direct detections of planetary companions orbiting A-type stars confirm the existence of massive planets at relatively large separations, but dedicated surveys are required to estimate the frequency of similar planetary systems. To measure the first estimation of the giant exoplanetary systems frequency at large orbital separation around A-stars, we have conducted a deep-imaging survey of young (8−400 Myr), nearby (19−84 pc) A- and F-stars to search for substellar companions in the ~10−300 AU range. The sample of 42 stars combines all A-stars observed in previous AO planet search surveys reported in the literature with new AO observations from VLT/NaCo and Gemini/NIRI. It represents an initial subset of the International Deep Planet Survey (IDPS) sample of stars covering M- to B-stars. The data were obtained with diffraction-limited observations in H- and Ks-band combined with angular differential imaging to suppress the speckle noise of the central stars, resulting in typical 5σ detection limits in magnitude difference of 12 mag at 1′′, 14 mag at 2′′ and 16 mag at 5′′ which is sufficient to detect massive planets. A detailed statistical analysis of the survey results is performed using Monte Carlo simulations. Considering the planet detections, we estimate the fraction of A-stars having at least one massive planet (3−14 MJup) in the range 5−320 AU to be inside 5.9−18.8% at 68% confidence, assuming a flat distribution for the mass of the planets. By comparison, the brown dwarf (15−75 MJup) frequency for the sample is 2.0−8.9% at 68% confidence in the range 5−320 AU. Assuming power law distributions for the mass and semimajor axis of the planet population, the AO data are consistent with a declining number of massive planets with increasing orbital radius which is distinct from the rising slope inferred from radial velocity (RV) surveys around evolved A-stars and suggests that the peak of the massive planet population around A-stars may occur atseparations between the ranges probed by existing RV and AO observations. Finally, we report the discovery of three new close M-star companions to HIP 104365 and HIP 42334. yes yes 2012-07-19 0004-6361 1432-0746 544 A9 10.1051/0004-6361/201218991 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268998 721e797f-c82f-4364-8783-e582d7100cdd Xia Liao aut NRC CNRC Arghavan Victoria (Victoria) Nawaby Nawaby, Arghavan V. aut NRC CNRC text article eng Foams generated via carbon dioxide (CO2) processing typically exhibit a solid skin layer on the exterior surface and a closed-pore structure with limited interconnectivity in the core section thus limiting its application for biomedical intent. By controlling the properties of poly(l-lactic acid)/poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PLLA/PDLLA) blends and using CO2 with specific processing parameters, skinless foams with interconnected porous structure were prepared in this work using only CO2 as a physical foaming agent, which overcome the necessity to use organic solvents and solid porogens. The crystallization behaviors and sorption kinetics of PLLA and its blends were studied. Addition of PDLLA reduces the crystallinity of PLLA/PDLLA blends while treated with CO2 as compared to neat PLLA. The solubility and diffusion coefficients of CO2 in PLLA and its blends were found to be similar. Furthermore, the effect of PLLA/PDLLA blend ratio and CO2 treatment conditions on the foam morphologies was investigated. Through fine parameter control, well interconnected pore structures with a porous surface were generated. Results indicated that by controlling the physical properties of samples combined with optimizing CO2 foaming process, it is indeed possible to create biodegradable interconnected porous structures for potential biomedical applications. yes yes 2012-05-16 0888-5885 1520-5045 51 19 6722 6730 9 10.1021/ie3000997 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268997 3857ec58-b041-4cc4-8dd7-014af8fd6b8c C. Neiner aut J. D. Landstreet aut E. Alecian aut S. Owocki aut O. Kochukhov aut David A Bohlender Bohlender, D. aut NSI ISN MiMes Collaboration aut NON-NRC text article eng Context. Oblique magnetic dipole fields have been detected in Bp stars for several decades, and more recently also in normal massive stars. In the past decade, it has been established that stellar magnetospheres form through the channelling and confinement of an outflowing stellar wind by the stellar magnetic field. This explains specific properties of magnetic massive stars, such as their rotationally modulated photometric light curve, Hα emission, UV spectra, and X-ray emission. Aims. In the framework of the MiMeS (Magnetism in Massive Stars) project, four HARPSpol observations of the magnetic Bp star HD 96446 have been obtained. HD 96446 is very similar to σ Ori E, the prototype of centrifugally supported rigidly rotating magnetospheres (CM) and is therefore a perfect target to study the validity of this model. Methods. We first updated the basic parameters of HD 96446 and studied its spectral variability. We then analysed the HARPSpol spectropolarimetric observations using the LSD (Least-Squares Deconvolution) technique to derive the longitudinal magnetic field and Zeeman signatures in various types of lines. With LTE spectrum modelling, we derived constraints on the field modulus, the rotational velocity, and the inclination angle, and measured non-solar abundances of several elements which we checked with NLTE modelling. Finally, we calculated the magnetic confinement and Alfvén and Kepler radii from the stellar magnetic field and rotation properties, and we examined the various types of magnetospheres that may be present around HD 96446. Results. We find radial velocity variations with a period around 2.23 h, that we attribute to β Cep-type p-mode pulsations. We detect clear direct magnetic Stokes V signatures with slightly varying values of the longitudinal magnetic field, typical of an oblique dipole rotator, and show that these signatures are not much perturbed by the radial velocity variations. The magnetic confinement parameter and Alfvén radius in the centrifugally supported, rigidly-rotating magnetosphere (CM) model points towards the presence of confined material in the magnetosphere. However, HD 96446 does not present signatures of the presence of such confined material, such as Hα emission. Conclusions. We conclude that, even though HD 96446 fulfills all criteria to host a CM with confined material, it does not. The rotation period must be significantly revised, or another model of magnetosphere with a leakage mechanism will need to be developed to explain the magnetic environment of this star. yes yes 2012-10-02 0004-6361 1432-0746 546 A44 10.1051/0004-6361/201218988 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268996 8502fdbb-4eeb-4a4e-9b9f-c48c2fc53c6e A.-L. Maire aut Raphael Galicher Galicher, R. aut NSI ISN A. Boccaletti aut P. Baudoz aut J. Schneider aut K. L. Cahoy aut D. M. Stam aut W. A. Traub aut text article eng Context. High-contrast imaging is currently the only available technique for the study of the thermodynamical and compositional properties of exoplanets in long-period orbits, comparable to the range from Venus to Jupiter. The SPICES (Spectro-Polarimetric Imaging and Characterization of Exoplanetary Systems) project is a coronagraphic space telescope dedicated to the spectro-polarimetric analysis of gaseous and icy giant planets as well as super-Earths at visible wavelengths. So far, studies for high-contrast imaging instruments have mainly focused on technical feasibility because of the challenging planet/star flux ratio of 10-8−10-10 required at short separations (200 mas or so) to image cold exoplanets. However, the main interest of such instruments, namely the analysis of planet atmospheric/surface properties, has remained largely unexplored. Aims. The aim of this paper is to determine which planetary properties SPICES or an equivalent direct imaging mission can measure, considering realistic reflected planet spectra and instrument limitation. Methods. We use numerical simulations of the SPICES instrument concept and theoretical planet spectra to carry out this performance study. We also define a criterion on the signal-to-noise ratio of the measured spectrum to determine under which conditions SPICES can retrieve planetary physical properties. Results. We find that the characterization of the main planetary properties (identification of molecules, effect of metallicity, presence of clouds and type of surfaces) would require a median signal-to-noise ratio of at least 30. In the case of a solar-type star ≤10 pc, SPICES will be able to study Jupiters and Neptunes up to ~5 and ~2 AU respectively, because of the drastic flux decrease with separation. It would also analyze cloud and surface coverage of super-Earths of radius 2.5 Earth radii at 1 AU. Finally, we determine the potential targets in terms of planet separation, radius and distance for several stellar types. For a Sun analog, we show that SPICES could characterize Jupiters (M ≥ 30 Earth masses) as small as 0.5 Jupiter radii at ≲2 AU up to 10 pc, and super-Earths at 1−2 AU for the handful of stars that exist within 4−5 pc. Potentially, SPICES could perform analysis of a hypothetical Earth-size planet around α Cen A and B. However, these results depend on the planetary spectra we use, which are derived for a few planet parameters assuming a solar-type host star. Grids of model spectra are needed for a further performance analysis. Our results obtained for SPICES are also applicable to other small (1−2 m) coronagraphic space telescopes. yes yes 0004-6361 1432-0746 2012-05-03 541 A83 10.1051/0004-6361/201218954 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268995 b9a42d70-3c85-4978-905d-3073a405f665 F. Arrigoni Battaia aut G. Gavazzi aut M. Fumagalli aut A. Boselli aut S. Boissier aut L. Cortese aut S. Heinis aut Laura Ferrarese Ferrarese, L. aut NSI ISN Patrick J D (Pat) Côté Côté, P. aut NSI ISN J. C. Mihos aut J. C. Cuillandre aut P.-A. Duc aut P. Durrell aut Stephen Gwyn Gwyn, S. aut NSI ISN A. Jordán aut C. Liu aut E. Peng aut S. Mei aut text article eng Context. We study the peculiar interacting galaxy system of VCC 1249/M 49 located in the core of the Virgo B subcluster. Owing to a recent interaction between the dwarf galaxy VCC 1249 and the halo gas of the elliptical galaxy M 49, neutral hydrogen has been displaced from the interstellar medium of this dwarf into the Virgo intracluster medium. Observations also reveal multiple compact star-forming regions (aka H ii regions) that are embedded in this H i cloud, with a projected separation up to 13 kpc from VCC 1249 in the northwest direction. Aims. Motivated by recent near-ultraviolet imaging from the GALEX Ultraviolet Virgo Cluster Survey (GUViCS) of the VCC 1249/M 49 system that shows significant ongoing/recent star formation in the compact regions, we aim to constrain the origin of these outlying H ii regions with a multi-wavelength approach. Methods. Using deep optical (u,g,i,z) imaging from the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS) and new Hα imaging obtained at the San Pedro Martir observatory together with Keck long-slit spectroscopy, we characterize the star formation rates, ages, and metallicity of VCC 1249 and its outlying compact regions. Moreover, we analyze the color and luminosity profile of the galaxy to investigate its recent interaction with M 49. Results. Our new observations indicate that VCC 1249 underwent a recent interaction with M 49 in which both ram-pressure stripping and tidal interaction occured. The joint action of the two mechanisms led to the removal of the H i gas from the interstellar medium of VCC 1249, while the gravitational tides triggered the stellar tail and counter-tail of VCC 1249. Our stellar population synthesis analysis reveals that the star formation in this galaxy was truncated around 200 Myr ago and that the outlying H ii regions were born in situ ≈10 Myr ago out of pre-enriched gas removed from the dwarf galaxy. These observations also reveal that interactions between central and satellite galaxies similar to those between VCC 1249/M 49 may be an effective way of dispersing metals into the halos of massive galaxies. yes yes 2012-06-06 0004-6361 1432-0746 543 A112 aa18895-12 10.1051/0004-6361/201218895 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268994 cc2fe2ca-9412-4616-b6dc-92612352ede1 S. Regibo aut B. Vandenbussche aut C. Waelkens aut B. Acke aut B. Sibthorpe aut M. Nottebaere aut K. Voet aut James Di Francesco Di Francesco, J. aut NSI ISN M. Fridlund aut W. K. Gear aut R. J. Ivison aut G. Olofsson aut text article eng Herschel images in six photometric bands show the thermal emission of the debris disk surrounding β Pic. In the three PACS bands at 70 μm, 100 μm and 160 μm and in the 250 μm SPIRE band, the disk is well-resolved, and additional photometry is available in the SPIRE bands at 350 μm and 500 μm, where the disk is only marginally resolved. The SPIRE maps reveal a blob to the southwest of β Pic, coinciding with submillimetre detection of excess emission in the disk. We investigated the nature of this blob. Our comparison of the colours, spectral energy distribution and size of the blob, the disk and the background sources shows that the blob is most likely a background source with a redshift between z = 1.0 and z = 1.6. yes yes 2012-04-18 0004-6361 1432-0746 541 A3 10.1051/0004-6361/201118631 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268993 15bc7ea2-d010-4743-95aa-6d0562396fc4 Matthew Curtis Gottschalk Gottschalk, M. aut NSI ISN Roland Kothes Kothes, R. aut NSI ISN Henry E Matthews Matthews, H. E. aut NSI ISN Thomas L (Tom) Landecker Landecker, T. L. aut NSI ISN W. R. F. Dent aut text article eng Context. Cygnus X is one of the most complex areas in the sky, rich in massive stars; Cyg OB2 (2600 stars, 120 O stars) and other OB associations lie within its boundaries. This complicates interpretation, but also creates the opportunity to investigate accretion into molecular clouds and many subsequent stages of star formation, all within one small field of view. Understanding large complexes like Cygnus X is the key to understanding the dominant role that massive star complexes play in galaxies across the Universe. Aims. The main goal of this study is to establish feasibility of a high-resolution CO survey of the entire Cygnus X region by observing part of it as a pathfinder, and to evaluate the survey as a tool for investigating the star-formation process. We can investigate the mass accretion history of outflows, study interaction between star-forming regions and their cold environment, and examine triggered star formation around massive stars. Methods. A 2° × 4° area of the Cygnus X region has been mapped in the 12CO(3–2) line at an angular resolution of 15′′ and a velocity resolution of ~0.4 km s-¹ using HARP-B and ACSIS on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. The star formation process is heavily connected to the life-cycle of the molecular material in the interstellar medium. The high critical density of the 12CO(3–2) transition reveals clouds in key stages of molecule formation, and shows processes that turn a molecular cloud into a star. Results. We observed ~15% of Cygnus X, and demonstrated that a full survey would be feasible and rewarding. We detected three distinct layers of 12CO(3–2) emission, related to the Cygnus Rift (500–800 pc), to W75N (1–1.8 kpc), and to DR 21 (1.5–2.5 kpc). Within the Cygnus Rift, H i self-absorption features are tightly correlated with faint diffuse CO emission, while HISA features in the DR 21 layer are mostly unrelated to any CO emission. 47 molecular outflows were detected in the pathfinder, 27 of them previously unknown. Sequentially triggered star formation is a widespread phenomenon. yes yes 2012-05-01 0004-6361 1432-0746 541 A79 10.1051/0004-6361/201118600 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268992 098093d5-c076-4d9c-8898-c4c88183985d B. Acke aut M. Min aut C. Dominik aut B. Vandenbussche aut B. Sibthorpe aut C. Waelkens aut G. Olofsson aut P. Degroote aut K. Smolders aut E. Pantin aut M. J. Barlow aut J. A. D. L. Blommaert aut A. Brandeker aut W. De Meester aut W. R. F. Dent aut K. Exter aut James Di Francesco Di Francesco, J. aut NSI ISN M. Fridlund aut W. K. Gear aut A. M. Glauser aut J. S. Greaves aut P. M. Harvey aut Th. Henning aut M. R. Hogerheijde aut W. S. Holland aut R. Huygen aut R. J. Ivison aut C. Jean aut R. Liseau aut D. A. Naylor aut G. L. Pilbratt aut E. T. Polehampton aut S. Regibo aut P. Royer aut A. Sicilia-Aguilar aut B. M. Swinyard aut text article eng Context. Fomalhaut is a young (2 ± 1 × 10^8 years), nearby (7.7 pc), 2 M⊙ star that is suspected to harbor an infant planetary system, interspersed with one or more belts of dusty debris. Aims. We present far-infrared images obtained with the Herschel Space Observatory with an angular resolution between 5.7′′ and 36.7′′ at wavelengths between 70 μm and 500 μm. The images show the main debris belt in great detail. Even at high spatial resolution, the belt appears smooth. The region in between the belt and the central star is not devoid of material; thermal emission is observed here as well. Also at the location of the star, excess emission is detected. We aim to construct a consistent image of the Fomalhaut system. Methods. We use a dynamical model together with radiative-transfer tools to derive the parameters of the debris disk. We include detailed models of the interaction of the dust grains with radiation, for both the radiation pressure and the temperature determination. Comparing these models to the spatially resolved temperature information contained in the images allows us to place strong constraints on the presence of grains that will be blown out of the system by radiation pressure. We use this to derive the dynamical parameters of the system. Results. The appearance of the belt points toward a remarkably active system in which dust grains are produced at a very high rate by a collisional cascade in a narrow region filled with dynamically excited planetesimals. Dust particles with sizes below the blow-out size are abundantly present. The equivalent of 2000 one-km-sized comets are destroyed every day, out of a cometary reservoir amounting to 110 Earth masses. From comparison of their scattering and thermal properties, we find evidence that the dust grains are fluffy aggregates, which indicates a cometary origin. The excess emission at the location of the star may be produced by hot dust with a range of temperatures, but may also be due to gaseous free-free emission from a stellar wind. yes yes 2012-04-11 0004-6361 1432-0746 540 A125 10.1051/0004-6361/201118581 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268991 0e655a0e-03f6-45f5-aba3-4e2b9d6b084a N. Schneider aut T. Csengeri aut M. Hennemann aut F. Motte aut P. Didelon aut C. Federrath aut S. Bontemps aut James Di Francesco Di Francesco, J. aut NSI ISN D. Arzoumanian aut V. Minier aut Ph. André aut T. Hill aut A. Zavagno aut Q. Nguyen-Luong aut M. Attard aut J.-Ph. Bernard aut D. Elia aut Cassandra Fallscheer Fallscheer, C. aut NSI ISN M. Griffin aut J. Kirk aut R. Klessen aut V. Könyves aut P. Martin aut A. Men’shchikov aut P. Palmeirim aut N. Peretto aut M. Pestalozzi aut D. Russeil aut S. Sadavoy aut T. Sousbie aut L. Testi aut P. Tremblin aut D. Ward-Thompson aut G. White aut text article eng Aims. For many years feedback processes generated by OB-stars in molecular clouds, including expanding ionization fronts, stellar winds, or UV-radiation, have been proposed to trigger subsequent star formation. However, hydrodynamic models including radiation and gravity show that UV-illumination has little or no impact on the global dynamical evolution of the cloud. Instead, gravitational collapse of filaments and/or merging of filamentary structures can lead to building up dense high-mass star-forming clumps. However, the overall density structure of the cloud has a large influence on this process, and requires a better understanding. Methods. The Rosette molecular cloud, irradiated by the NGC 2244 cluster, is a template region for triggered star-formation, and we investigated its spatial and density structure by applying a curvelet analysis, a filament-tracing algorithm (DisPerSE), and probability density functions (PDFs) on Herschel column density maps, obtained within the HOBYS key program. Results. The analysis reveals not only the filamentary structure of the cloud but also that all known infrared clusters except one lie at junctions of filaments, as predicted by turbulence simulations. The PDFs of sub-regions in the cloud show systematic differences. The two UV-exposed regions have a double-peaked PDF we interprete as caused by shock compression, while the PDFs of the center and other cloud parts are more complex, partly with a power-law tail. A deviation of the log-normal PDF form occurs at AV ≈ 9m for the center, and around 4m for the other regions. Only the part of the cloud farthest from the Rosette nebula shows a log-normal PDF. Conclusions. The deviations of the PDF from the log-normal shape typically associated with low- and high-mass star-forming regions at AV ≈ 3–4^m and 8–10^m, respectively, are found here within the very same cloud. This shows that there is no fundamental difference in the density structure of low- and high-mass star-forming regions. We conclude that star-formation in Rosette – and probably in high-mass star-forming clouds in general – is not globally triggered by the impact of UV-radiation. Moreover, star formation takes place in filaments that arose from the primordial turbulent structure built up during the formation of the cloud. Clusters form at filament mergers, but star formation can be locally induced in the direct interaction zone between an expanding H II-region and the molecular cloud. yes yes Erratum published in volume 551, article C1, March 2013. DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201118566e 2012-04-04 0004-6361 1432-0746 540 L11 aa18566-11 10.1051/0004-6361/201118566 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268990 ca449baf-d51a-405b-9874-d28490a6fa92 R. Bielby aut P. Hudelot aut H. J. McCracken aut O. Ilbert aut E. Daddi aut O. Le Fèvre aut V. Gonzalez-Perez aut J.-P. Kneib aut C. Marmo aut Y. Mellier aut M. Salvato aut D. B. Sanders aut Christopher (Chris) Willott Willott, C. J. aut NSI ISN text article eng We present a new near-infrared imaging survey in the four CFHTLS deep fields: the WIRCam Deep Survey or “WIRDS”. WIRDS comprises extremely deep, high quality (FWHM ~ 0.6″) J, H, and Ks imaging covering a total effective area of 2.1 deg2 and reaching AB 50% completeness limits of ≈ 24.5. We combine our images with the CFHTLS to create a unique eight-band ugrizJHKS photometric catalogues in the four CFHTLS deep fields; these four separate fields allow us to make a robust estimate of the effect of cosmic variance for all our measurements. We use these catalogues in combination with ≈ 9800 spectroscopic redshifts to estimate precise photometric redshifts (σΔz/(1 + z) ≲ 0.03 at i < 25), galaxy types, star-formation rates and stellar masses for a unique sample of ≈ 1.8 million galaxies. Our JHKs number counts are consistent with previous studies. We apply the “BzK” selection to our gzK filter set and find that the star forming BzK selection successfully selects 76% of star-forming galaxies in the redshift range 1.4 < z < 2.5 in our photometric catalogue, based on our photometric redshift measurement. Similarly the passive BzK selection returns 52% of the passive 1.4 < z < 2.5 population identified in the photometric catalogue. We present the mass functions of the total galaxy population as a function of redshift up to z = 2 and present fits using double Schechter functions. A mass-dependent evolution of the mass function is seen with the numbers of galaxies with masses of M ≲ 1010.75 still evolving at z ≲ 1, but galaxies of higher mass reaching their present day numbers by z ~ 0.8−1. This is consistent with the present picture of downsizing in galaxy evolution. We compare our results with the predictions of the GALFORM semi-analytical galaxy formation model and find that the simulations provide a relatively successful fit to the observed mass functions at intermediate masses (i.e. 10 ≲ log    (M/M⊙) ≲ 11). However, as is common with semi-analytical predictions of the mass function, the GALFORM results under-predict the mass function at low masses (i.e. log    (M/M⊙) ≲ 10), whilst the fit as a whole degrades beyondredshifts of z ~ 1.2. All photometric catalogues and images are made publicly available from TERAPIX and CADC. yes yes 2012-08-31 0004-6361 1432-0746 545 A23 10.1051/0004-6361/201118547 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268989 d7ca1882-f22f-481e-b6b8-656e0317408c N. Oppermann aut H. Junklewitz aut G. Robbers aut M. R. Bell aut T. A. Enßlin aut A. Bonafede aut R. Braun aut J. C. Brown aut T. E. Clarke aut I. J. Feain aut B. M. Gaensler aut A. Hammond aut L. Harvey-Smith aut G. Heald aut M. Johnston-Hollitt aut U. Klein aut P. P. Kronberg aut S. A. Mao aut N. M. Mcclure-Griffiths aut S. P. O’Sullivan aut L. Pratley aut Tim Robishaw Robishaw, T. aut NSI ISN S. Roy aut D. H. F. M. Schnitzeler aut C. Sotomayor-Beltran aut J. Stevens aut J. M. Stil aut C. Sunstrum aut A. Tanna aut A. R. Taylor aut C. L. Van Eck aut text article eng We aim to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding Galactic Faraday rotation in an all-sky map of the Galactic Faraday depth. For this we have assembled the most extensive catalog of Faraday rotation data of compact extragalactic polarized radio sources to date. In the map-making procedure we used a recently developed algorithm that reconstructs the map and the power spectrum of a statistically isotropic and homogeneous field while taking into account uncertainties in the noise statistics. This procedure is able to identify some rotation angles that are offset by an integer multiple of π. The resulting map can be seen as an improved version of earlier such maps and is made publicly available, along with a map of its uncertainty. For the angular power spectrum we find a power law behavior Cℓ ∝ ℓ^-2.17 for a Faraday sky where an overall variance profile as a function of Galactic latitude has been removed, in agreement with earlier work. We show that this is in accordance with a 3D Fourier power spectrum P(k) ∝ k^-2.17 of the underlying field neBr under simplifying geometrical and statistical assumptions. yes yes 2012-06-13 0004-6361 1432-0746 542 A93 10.1051/0004-6361/201118526 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268988 7548a48b-7711-4c91-9a43-7dab484f9375 A. Fuente aut P. Caselli aut C. Mccoey aut J. Cernicharo aut Douglas Johnstone Johnstone, D. aut HIA IHA M. Fich aut T. Van Kempen aut E. Van Dishoeck aut U. Yıldız aut R. Visser aut L. Kristensen aut T. Alonso-Albi aut F. Herpin aut S. Tisi aut text article eng Context. NGC 7129 FIRS 2 is a young intermediate-mass (IM) protostar, which is associated with two energetic bipolar outflows and displays clear signs of the presence of a hot core. It has been extensively observed with ground based telescopes and within the WISH guaranteed time Herschel key program. Aims. This paper is dedicated to the modeling of the C18O and HDO lines in NGC 7129 FIRS 2. Our goal is to investigate the chemistry in the envelope and hot core of this IM protostar. Conclusions.Herschel data combined with ground based observations have allowed us to estimate the C18O and HDO abundance in the protostellar envelope and hot core of an IM protostar. The HDO abundance in the hot core is ~0.4−1 × 10^-7, similar to that found in the hot corinos NGC 1333 IRAS 2A and IRAS 16293−2422. The C18O abundance, at ≈ 1.6 × 10^-8, is a factor of 10 lower than the reference value. yes yes 2012-03-28 0004-6361 1432-0746 540 A75 10.1051/0004-6361/201118478 NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268987 e91c2e84-9b21-4f8a-b742-35053fdbe7d7 A. F. Marino aut A. P. Milone aut C. Sneden aut M. Bergemann aut R. P. Kraft aut G. Wallerstein aut S. Cassisi aut A. Aparicio aut M. Asplund aut R. L. Bedin aut M. Hilker aut K. Lind aut Y. Momany aut G. Piotto aut I. U. Roederer aut Peter B Stetson Stetson, P. B. aut NSI ISN M. Zoccali aut text article eng We present an abundance analysis of 101 subgiant branch (SGB) stars in the globular cluster M 22. Using low-resolution FLAMES/GIRAFFE spectra we have determined abundances of the neutron-capture strontium and barium and the light element carbon. With these data we explore relationships between the observed SGB photometric split in this cluster and two stellar groups characterized by different contents of iron, slow neutron-capture process (s-process) elements, and the α element calcium, which we previously discovered in M 22’s red-giant stars. We show that the SGB stars correlate in chemical composition and the color–magnitude diagram position. The stars with higher metallicity and relative s-process abundances define a fainter SGB, while stars with lower metallicity and s-process content reside on a relatively brighter SGB. This result has implications for the relative ages of the two stellar groups of M 22. In particular, it is inconsistent with a broad spread in ages of the two SGBs. By accounting for the chemical content of the two stellar groups, isochrone fitting of the double SGB suggests that their agesare not different by more than ~300 Myr. yes yes 2012-04-20 0004-6361 1432-0746 541 A15 10.1051/0004-6361/201118381 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268986 566d8bb5-a5c3-4288-85a1-c7b68b0a1853 R. D. Saxton aut A. M. Read aut P. Esquej aut S. Komossa aut Sean Dougherty Dougherty, S. aut NSI ISN P. Rodriguez-Pascual aut D. Barrado aut text article eng Aims. The study of tidal disruption flares from galactic nuclei has historically been hampered by a lack of high quality spectral observations taken around the peak of the outburst. Here we introduce the first results from a program designed to identify tidal disruption events at their peak by making near-real-time comparisons of the flux seen in XMM-Newton slew sources with that seen in ROSAT. Methods. Flaring extragalactic sources, which do not appear to be AGN, are monitored with Swift and XMM-Newton to track their temporal and spectral evolution. Timely optical observations are made to monitor the reaction of circumnuclear material to the X-ray flare. Results. SDSS J120136.02+300305.5 was detected in an XMM-Newton slew from June 2010 with a flux 56 times higher than an upper limit from ROSAT, corresponding to LX ~ 3 × 1044 erg s-¹. It has the optical spectrum of a quiescent galaxy (z = 0.146). Overall the X-ray flux has evolved consistently with the canonical t^−5/3 model, expected for returning stellar debris, fading by a factor ~300 over 300 days. In detail the source is very variable and became invisible to Swift between 27 and 48 days after discovery, perhaps due to self-absorption. The X-ray spectrum is soft but is not the expected tail of optically thick thermal emission. It may be fit with a Bremsstrahlung or double-power-law model and is seen to soften with time and declining flux. Optical spectra taken 12 days and 11 months after discovery indicate a deficit of material in the broad line and coronal line regions of this galaxy, while a deep radio non-detection implies that a jet was not launched during this event. yes yes 2012-05-10 0004-6361 1432-0746 541 A106 10.1051/0004-6361/201118367 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268985 e3147155-b439-4b86-8351-f18dea7718ec Sarah Ilana Sadavoy Sadavoy, S. I. aut HIA IHA James Di Francesco Di Francesco, J. aut HIA IHA Ph. André aut S. Pezzuto aut J.-P. Bernard aut S. Bontemps aut E. Bressert aut Shadi Chitsazzadeh Chitsazzadeh, S. aut HIA IHA Cassandra Fallscheer Fallscheer, C. aut HIA IHA M. Hennemann aut T. Hill aut P. Martin aut F. Motte aut Q. Nguyn Lu’o’ng aut N. Peretto aut M. Reid aut N. Schneider aut L. Testi aut G. J. White aut C. Wilson aut text article eng We present continuum observations of the Perseus B1-E region from the Herschel Gould Belt Survey. These Herschel data reveal a loose grouping of substructures at 160−500 μm not seen in previous submillimetre observations. We measure temperature and column density from these data and select the nine densest and coolest substructures for follow-up spectral line observations with the Green Bank Telescope. We find that the B1-E clump has a mass of ~100 M⊙ and appears to be gravitationally bound. Furthermore, of the nine substructures examined here, one substructure (B1-E2) appears to be itself bound. The substructures are typically less than a Jeans length from their nearest neighbour and thus, may interact on a timescale of ~1 Myr. We propose that B1-E may be forming a first generation of dense cores, which could provide important constraints on the initial conditions of prestellar core formation. Our results suggest that B1-E may be influenced by a strong, localized magnetic field, but further observations are still required. yes yes stars; formation; dust; extinction; Perseus B1-E 2012-03-15 0004-6361 1432-0746 540 A10 10.1051/0004-6361/201117934 NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268983 d769ef23-911d-4982-b33d-10d196ce74b2 Farshid Ramezanipour aut John E. Greedan aut Joan Siewenie aut Ronald L (Ron) Donaberger Donaberger, Ronald L. aut CNBC CCFN Stuart Turner aut Gianluigi A. Botton aut text article eng The local and average crystal structures and magnetic properties of the oxygen-deficient perovskite Sr2Fe1.5Cr0.5O5+y were studied using powder X-ray and neutron diffraction, neutron-pair distribution function analysis, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. This material crystallizes in the cubic Pm3̅m space group, with a = 3.94491(14) Å. The oxygen vacancies are distributed randomly throughout the perovskite-type structure, and the average coordination number of the Fe(Cr) sites is 5. Refinement of the neutron diffraction data indicates y 0.05. This is in discordance with an earlier report on a material with the same nominal composition and cell constant. Electron energy-loss Cr L2,3-edge spectroscopy shows that Cr³⁺ is present, which is also contrary to previous speculation. Neutron-pair distribution function studies show that a brownmillerite-like model involving ordered vacancies and alternating octahedral and tetrahedral coordination at the metal sites, gives a better description of the local structure out to 5 Å. A remarkable phenomenon determined by neutron diffraction in Sr2Fe1.5Cr0.5O5 is the occurrence of a long-range G-type antiferromagnetic ordering with Tc ≈ 565 K because cubic oxygen-deficient perovskites with B-site disorder usually do not undergo transitions to magnetically ordered states. The observation of long-range antiferromagnetic order and the Tc value are in accordance with previous Mössbauer spectroscopic studies. yes yes 2012-02-20 0020-1669 1520-510X 51 4 2638 2644 7 10.1021/ic202590r NRC Canadian Neutron Beam Centre Centre canadien de faisceaux de neutrons du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268982 d5e8bbea-f825-4a56-b732-783dfd9ee2be M. Mas aut P. Baudoz aut G. Rousset aut Raphael Galicher Galicher, R. aut HIA IHA text article eng Context. Direct imaging of exoplanets located a few AU from their hosting star requires angular resolution at the diffraction limit of large telescopes and a contrast level in the image of 10^5 to 10^10. Simultaneous use of adaptive optics and coronagraphy is mandatory to fulfil these requirements. Aims. Coronagraphs are usually very sensitive to pointing errors upstream of their focal plane mask. Approaches to measuring these errors in conventional adaptive optics systems consist in setting a wavefront sensor in an additional channel. Differential aberrations between the coronagraphic channel and the additional one induce a loss in performance. To tackle this limitation, we propose a new technique for measuring the tip-tilt errors directly from the coronagraphic image. Methods. Our method uses the relations between the intensity distribution in the coronagraphic image and upstream tip-tilt errors. We also propose a method of estimating the tip-tilt errors downstream of the focal plane mask. We validate at visible wavelength our upstream and downstream tip-tilt estimation and compensation techniques with numerical simulation images and on laboratory images. Results. Numerical simulations predict that our techniques correct for the tip-tilt errors to a 1.3 × 10-² λ/D level when considering a λ/40 wavefront error upstream of the coronagraph. In laboratory, where the coronagraph is mostly limited by wavefront errors, we correct for the tip-tilt errors with an accuracy better than 6.5 × 10-² λ/D. Conclusions. We demonstrate in numerical simulations and in laboratory that our technique can efficiently estimate the tip-tilt errors directly from the coronagraphic image with no additional channel. It is robust and can be used with small wavefront errors. It should be applicable to planet imager systems currently in preparation, such as SPHERE and MIRI/JWST. yes yes adaptive optics; high angular resolution; image processing 2012-03-06 0004-6361 1432-0746 539 A126 10.1051/0004-6361/201117898 NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268981 5f6747a1-6987-44bb-838d-016b22a51408 Chuanjiang Hu aut Alexander Barabanschikov aut Mary K. Ellison aut Jiyong Zhao aut E. Ercan Alp aut Wolfgang Sturhahn aut Marek Z Zgierski Zgierski, Marek Z. aut SIMS ISSM J. Timothy Sage aut W. Robert Scheidt aut text article eng Nuclear resonance vibrational spectra have been obtained for six five-coordinate imidazole-ligated iron(II) porphyrinates, [Fe(Por)(L)] (Por = tetraphenylporphyrinate, octaethylporphyrinate, tetratolylporphyrinate, or protoporphyrinate IX and L = 2-methylimidazole or 1,2-dimethylimidazole). Measurements have been made on both powder and oriented crystal samples. The spectra are dominated by strong signals around 200–300 cm–1. Although the in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations are seriously overlapped, oriented crystal spectra allow their deconvolution. Thus, oriented crystal experimental data, along with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, enable the assignment of key vibrations in the spectra. Molecular dynamics are also discussed. The nature of the Fe–NIm vibrations has been elaborated further than was possible from resonance Raman studies. Our study suggests that the Fe motions are coupled with the porphyrin core and peripheral groups motions. Both peripheral groups and their conformations have significant influence on the vibrational spectra (position and shape). yes yes 2012-02-06 0020-1669 1520-510X 51 3 1359 1370 12 10.1021/ic201580v NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268980 ce12c5cd-3678-4db7-844e-85df7167ce7f Shahid P. Shafi aut Bradley C. Hernden aut Lachlan Cranswick Cranswick, Lachlan M. D. aut CNBC CCFN Thomas C. Hansen aut Mario Bieringer aut text article eng The novel oxide defect fluorite phase ScTiO3.5 is formed during the topotactic oxidation of ScTiO3 bixbyite. We report the oxidation pathway of ScTiO3 and structure evolution of ScTiO3.5, Sc4Ti3O12, and related scandium-deficient phases as well as high-temperature phase transitions between room temperature and 1300 °Cusing in-situ X-ray diffraction. We provide the first detailed powder neutron diffraction study for ScTiO3. ScTiO3 crystallizes in the cubic bixbyite structure in space group Ia3̅ (206) with a = 9.7099(4) Å. The topotactic oxidation product ScTiO3.5 crystallizes in an oxide defect fluorite structure in space group Fm3̅m (225) with a = 4.89199(5) Å. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis experiments combined with in-situ X-ray powder diffraction studies illustrate a complex sequence of a topotactic oxidation pathway, phase segregation, and ion ordering at high temperatures. The optimized bulk synthesis for phase pure ScTiO3.5 is presented. In contrast to the vanadium-based defect fluorite phases AVO3.5+x (A = Sc, In) the novel titanium analogue ScTiO3.5 is stable over a wide temperature range. Above 950 °C ScTiO3.5 undergoes decomposition with the final products being Sc4Ti3O12 and TiO2. Simultaneous Rietveld refinements against powder X-ray and neutron diffraction data showed that Sc4Ti3O12 also exists in the defect fluorite structure in space group Fm3̅m (225) with a = 4.90077(4) Å. Sc4Ti3O12 undergoes partial reduction in CO/Ar atmosphere to form Sc4Ti3O11.69(2). yes yes 2012-02-06 0020-1669 1520-510X 51 3 1269 1277 9 10.1021/ic201034x NRC Canadian Neutron Beam Centre Centre canadien de faisceaux de neutrons du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268979 780e8d2b-f39e-4280-bb46-1e845bd695e5 T. Giannini aut D. Elia aut D. Lorenzetti aut S. Molinari aut F. Motte aut E. Schisano aut S. Pezzuto aut M. Pestalozzi aut A. M. Di Giorgio aut P. André aut T. Hill aut M. Benedettini aut S. Bontemps aut James Di Francesco Di Francesco, J. aut HIA IHA Cassandra Fallscheer Fallscheer, C. aut HIA IHA M. Hennemann aut J. Kirk aut V. Minier aut Q. Nguyn Lu’o’ng aut D. Polychroni aut K. L. J. Rygl aut P. Saraceno aut N. Schneider aut L. Spinoglio aut L. Testi aut D. Ward-Thompson aut G. J. White aut text article eng Aims. As part of the Herschel guaranteed time key programme “HOBYS”, we present the PACS and SPIRE photometric survey of the star-forming region Vela-C, one of the nearest sites of low-to-high-mass star formation in the Galactic plane. Our main objectives are to take a census of the cold sources and to derive their mass distribution down to a few solar masses. Methods. Vela-C was observed with PACS and SPIRE in parallel mode at five wavelengths between 70μm and 500μm over an area of about 3 square degrees. A photometric catalogue was extracted from the detections in each of the five bands, using a threshold of 5σ over the local background. Out of this catalogue we selected a robust sub-sample of 268 sources, of which ∼75% are cloud clumps (diameter between 0.05 pc and 0.13 pc) and 25% are cores (diameter between 0.025 pc and 0.05 pc). Their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) were fitted with a modified black body function. We classify 48 sources as protostellar, based on their detection at 70μm or at shorther wavelengths, and 218 as starless, because of non-detections at 70μm. For two other sources, we do not provide a secure classification, but suggest they are Class 0 protostars. Results. From the SED fitting we derived key physical parameters (i.e. mass, temperature, bolometric luminosity). Protostellar sources are in general warmer (T=12.8 K) and more compact (diameter=0.040 pc) than starless sources (T=10.3 K, diameter=0.067 pc). Both these findings can be ascribed to the presence of an internal source(s) of moderate heating, which also causes a temperature gradient and hence a more peaked intensity distribution. Moreover, the reduced dimensions of protostellar sources may indicate that they will not fragment further. A virial analysis of the starless sources gives an upper limit of 90% probability for the sources to be gravitationally bound and therefore prestellar in nature. A luminosity vs. mass diagram of the two populations shows that protostellar sources are in the early accretion phase, while prestellar sources populate a region of the diagram where mass accretion has not started yet. We fitted a power law N(log M) ∝ M−1.1±0.2 to the linear portion of the mass distribution of prestellar sources. This is in between that typical of CO clumps and those of cores in nearby star-forming regions. We i yes yes individual objects; Vela-C; clouds; stars; formation; submillimeter; circumstellar matter 2012-03-12 0004-6361 1432-0746 539 A156 10.1051/0004-6361/201117811 NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics Institut Herzberg d'astrophysique du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268977 6a642dd1-b18e-4a24-8548-457162671672 Iwan Townson aut Virginia K. Walker aut John A Ripmeester Ripmeester, John A. aut SIMS ISSM Peter Englezos aut text article eng The potential for hydrate inhibition in a stirred autoclave at a subcooling of 2.3 K has been tested on two bacterial isolates. Chryseobacterium sp. C14 survives multiple freeze–thaw events and inhibits ice recrystallization, and Escherichia coli has neither of these properties but is a biofilm producer. Both strains showed methane hydrate inhibition, with a significant reduction in total hydrate formed. Chryseobacterium delayed hydrate nucleating time, to a similar level found for the commercial kinetic inhibitor, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP; 0.2 wt %). However, in the presence of E. coli, in comparison to PVP, the time to nucleation was almost tripled and the hydrate growth rate was reduced by half. Because of the variation inherent with the microbial samples, likely a result of the complexities associated with varying cell numbers and metabolic activity, numerous experiments were required. Analysis of the distinct hydrate growth profiles shown by the two bacterial strains indicated that different molecular sources were likely responsible for the observed inhibition. As a working hypothesis, it is suggested that the inhibition observed by Chryseobacterium cultures was partially due to ice recrystallization inhibition properties, while that of E. coli may be due to secreted macromolecules and the effect of biofilm. yes yes 2012-12-20 0887-0624 1520-5029 26 12 7170 7175 6 10.1021/ef301077m NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268975 c7e2a981-e22a-4ea6-8212-1ca7dc372c8a Leonardo M. Da costa aut NINT INNT Stanislav Stoyanov Stoyanov, Stanislav R. aut NINT INNT Sergey Gusarov aut NINT INNT Xiaoli Tan aut Murray R. Gray aut Jeffrey M. Stryker aut Rik Tykwinski aut J. Walkimar de M. Carneiro aut Peter R. Seidl aut Andriy Kovalenko aut NINT INNT text article eng We performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the WB97Xd functional with a dispersion correction term and the 6-31G(d,p) basis set to study the contributions of π–π stacking and hydrogen-bonding interactions to the aggregation of asphaltene model compounds containing a 2,2′-bipyridine moiety covalently bonded to one (monosubstituted) and two (disubstituted) aromatic hydrocarbon moieties (phenyl, naphthyl, anthracyl, phenanthryl, and pyrenyl) through ethylene tethers. In these compounds, the N atoms of the 2,2′-bipyridine moiety provide lone pairs for hydrogen bonding to water molecules present in solution. The aggregation strength of the homodimers of these model compounds is evaluated in terms of the aggregation energies, enthalpies, and ΔG²⁹⁸, as well as the π–π interaction distances. Geometry optimization and thermochemistry analysis results show that the homodimers of both mono- and disubstituted compounds are stable and have a negative ΔG²⁹⁸ of aggregation because of π–π stacking interactions. Two water bridges containing one, two, or three water molecules per bridge span between two monomers and provide additional stabilization of the homodimers because of hydrogen bonding. The stabilization of the monosubstituted homodimers is the largest with two water molecules per bridge, whereas the stabilization of the disubstituted homodimers is the largest with three water molecules per bridge. The calculated ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts for the monomers and dimers of the three model compounds of this series synthesized to date are in excellent agreement with experimental results for dilute and concentrated solutions in chloroform, respectively (Tan, X.; Fenniri, H.; Gray, M. R.Water enhances the aggregation of model asphaltenes in solution via hydrogen bonding. Energy Fuels 2009, 23, 3687). The ΔH and ΔG²⁹⁸ results show that hydrogen bonding is as important as π–π interactions for asphaltene aggregation. yes yes 2012-05-17 0887-0624 1520-5029 26 5 2727 2735 9 10.1021/ef202010p National Institute for Nanotechnology Institut national de nanotechnologie National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268973 94761cd9-07f1-4778-8ff1-1c76832550fc Dragan Nikolic Nikolić, Dragan aut SDT TSR Nikolay Valerievich Blinov Blinov, Nikolay aut SDT TSR David Wishart aut Andriy Kovalenko aut SDT TSR text article eng We explore a new approach in the rational design of specificity in molecular recognition of small molecules based on statistical-mechanical integral equation theory of molecular liquids in the form of the three-dimensional reference interaction site model with the Kovalenko–Hirata closure (3D-RISM-KH). The numerically stable iterative solution of conventional 3D-RISM equations includes the fragmental decomposition of flexible ligands, which are treated as distinct species in solvent mixtures of arbitrary complexity. The computed density functions for solution (including ligand) molecules are obtained as a set of discrete spatial grids that uniquely describe the continuous solvent-site distribution around the protein solute. Potentials of mean force derived from these distributions define the scoring function interfaced with the AutoDock program for an automated ranking of docked conformations. As a case study in terms of solvent composition, we analyze cooperative interactions encountered in the binding of a flexible thiamine molecule to the prion protein at near-physiological conditions. The predicted location and residency times of computed binding modes are in excellent agreement with the available experimental data. yes yes 2012-09-11 1549-9618 1549-9626 8 9 3356 3372 17 10.1021/ct300257v Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268972 f6ecc755-d8d0-464f-84da-eab5431d12b3 Ihor Omelyan Omelyan, Igor P. aut NINT INNT Andriy Kovalenko aut NINT INNT text article eng We propose and validate a new multiscale technique, the extrapolative isokinetic Nóse–Hoover chain orientational (EINO) motion multiple time step algorithm for rigid interaction site models of molecular liquids. It nontrivially combines the multiple time step decomposition operator method with a specific extrapolation of intermolecular interactions, complemented by an extended isokinetic Nosé–Hoover chain approach in the presence of translational and orientational degrees of freedom. The EINO algorithm obviates the limitations on time step size in molecular dynamics simulations. While the best existing multistep algorithms can advance from a 5 fs single step to a maximum 100 fs outer step, we show on the basis of molecular dynamics simulations of the TIP4P water that our EINO technique overcomes this barrier. Specifically, we have achieved giant time steps on the order of 500 fs up to 5 ps, which now become available in the study of equilibrium and conformational properties of molecular liquids without a loss of stability and accuracy. yes yes 2012-01-10 1549-9618 1549-9626 8 1 6 16 11 10.1021/ct200157x National Institute for Nanotechnology Institut national de nanotechnologie National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268971 0d7102fc-fdd4-41f1-b901-b1bd0bcc1460 A. V. Velasco aut Przemek Bock Bock, P. J. aut ICT TIC Pavel Cheben Cheben, P. aut ICT TIC M. L. Calvo aut Jens Holger Schmid Schmid, J. H. aut ICT TIC Jean Lapointe Lapointe, J. aut ICT TIC Dan-Xia Xu Xu, D.-X. aut ICT TIC Siegfried Janz Janz, S. aut ICT TIC André Delâge Delâge, A. aut ICT TIC text article eng The fabrication and experimental characterisation of a two-stage band-pass filter based on curved waveguide sidewall gratings is reported for the silicon-on-insulator platform. At each cascaded filtering stage, the spectral components of the input signal are dispersed by the diffraction grating formed in the sidewall of a silicon strip waveguide. Different wavelengths are focused onto different positions along the Rowland circle and the filter central wavelength is selected by a specific receiver waveguide. By using two consecutive filtering stages, both the filter passband profile and the stopband rejection ratio are substantially increased. The grating is apodised and chirped to ensure a constant effective index along the grating length to minimise phase distortions. Blazed geometry is used to maximise the diffraction efficiency to the −1st order. The device was fabricated with electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching using a single etch step. A bandwidth of 6.2 nm was measured near 1590 nm for the fabricated filter, with a roll-off of 4 dB/nm at the passband edge, and a stopband rejection of 40 dB. yes yes 2012-06-07 00135194 48 12 715 717 10.1049/el.2012.0591 Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268969 25b39436-15d1-4c80-9e9e-1425999a8689 Brian Ventrudo Ventrudo, B. F. aut IMS ISM Craig Storey Storey, C. aut IMS ISM James Gupta Gupta, J. A. aut IMS ISM Andrew Bezinger Bezinger, A. aut IMS ISM text article eng The HF gas detection sensitivity of GaSb-based distributed feedback lasers was studied in order to evaluate the potential use of operating temperature to control the laser output power in field applications. Measurements were made in the 2f wavelength modulation spectroscopy mode to monitor a prominent HF absorption feature at 2396 nm. An Allan variance analysis indicates that the best sensitivity is obtained when a larger thermoelectric current is applied to maintain temperature control by actively heating or cooling the laser. The reduced detection sensitivity for a setpoint near the ambient laser operating temperature is similar to that obtained without active temperature control. yes yes 2012-01-19 00135194 48 2 114 116 10.1049/el.2011.3369 NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences Institut des sciences des microstructures du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268967 b5b92450-949b-4416-b45f-654ce6701a59 Laura Toppozini aut Clare L. Armstrong aut Matthew A. Barrett aut Songbo Zheng aut Lindy Luo aut Hirsh Nanda aut Victoria García Sakai aut Maikel C. Rheinstädter aut CNBC CCFN text article eng We present a combined neutron and X-ray scattering investigation to study the effect of ethanol on the molecular structure and dynamics of lipid membranes. 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phoshatidylcholine (DMPC) powder hydrated with a 5 wt% ethanol solution (corresponding to 2 mol% of ethanol) was used in this study. From high-resolution X-ray experiments the position and partitioning of the ethanol molecules in the phospholipid bilayers was determined in their gel and fluid phases. We find that the ethanol molecules reside in the head group region of the bilayers, with 1.6 ethanol molecules per lipid molecule in the gel phase and 1.2 ethanol molecules per lipid molecule in the fluid phase. We find evidence for enhanced permeability in both fluid and gel phases of the phospholipid bilayers in the presence of ethanol molecules. Elastic and quasi-elastic neutron scattering data, obtained using a neutron backscattering spectrometer, was used to study slow, nanosecond molecular dynamics on length scales corresponding to lipid diffusion, acyl chain dynamics and solvent dynamics. While the presence of ethanol molecules had no observable effect on these types of dynamics in the fluid (Lα) phase, the membranes appeared to have a higher degree of order in gel (Lβ) and ripple (Pβ′) phases. In particular, lipid diffusion was found to be slower by a factor of two in the more rigid gel phase when ethanol was present. yes yes 2012-10-01 1744-683X 1744-6848 8 47 11839 11849 10.1039/c2sm26546j NRC Canadian Neutron Beam Centre Centre canadien de faisceaux de neutrons du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268966 5f68ff31-7903-4723-a29d-c5ab947153af Stephanie M. Forget aut Debabrata Bhattasali aut V. Catherine Hart aut T. Stanley Cameron aut Ray Syvitski Syvitski, Ray T. aut IMB IBM David L. Jakeman aut text article eng Ketose-phosphonates may adopt open chain, or α- or β-furanosyl, or α- or β-pyranosyl configurational isomers in aqueous solution. An HPLC and NMR analysis of a series of ketose-phosphonates with a thymidylyltransferase (dTDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase) implied a rapid dynamic equilibrium between the pyranosyl forms of gluco-ketose phosphonate leading to efficient production of unique sugar nucleotide analogues. The preparation of diastereomerically pure gluco-configured monofluoromethylenephosphonates enabled the determination of the thymidylyltransferase preference for CHF stereochemistry. The effects of acidity upon thymidylyltransferase substrate specificity were determined using a series of monofluoro- and difluoro- ketose-phosphonates. WaterLOGSY NMR spectroscopy demonstrated a switching of the ordered Bi-Bi mechanism with ketose-phosphonate substrates. Ketose-phosphonates are presented as a unique class of sugar 1-phosphate analogues with potential applications as glycosyltransferase probes. yes yes 2012-03-16 2041-6520 2041-6539 3 6 1866 1878 10.1039/c2sc01077a NRC Institute for Marine Biosciences Institut des biosciences marines du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268964 a5eed3d8-3eef-4700-8252-af257917ae3b David Bardelang aut Michel Giorgi aut Virginie Hornebecq aut Anatoli Stepanov aut Egon Rizzato aut Md. Badruz Zaman aut SDT TSR Gordon Wing Chan Chan, Gordon aut CONST CONST Olivier Ouari aut Paul Tordo aut text article eng Toluene and 1-chloronaphthalene immobilization was observed when perturbing stimuli such as agitation or ultrasound are applied during the cooling of a hot supersaturated solution of the rigid dinitroxide bTbk. X-Ray diffraction and cryo-SEM on gels and solid samples (crystal, powder) confirmed the pivotal role of clathrate type microcrystals in the solvent immobilization process. yes yes 2012-04-13 2046-2069 2 13 5605 5609 10.1039/c2ra20208e Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture Construction Construction National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268963 d6ba138f-fd6b-48cb-9e10-5c489f4ea8b3 Zhanwei Xu aut NINT INNT Zhi Li aut NINT INNT Xuehai Tan aut NINT INNT Christopher Michael Bjustrom Holt Holt, Chris M. B. aut NINT INNT Li Zhang aut NINT INNT Babak Shalchi Amirkhiz aut NINT INNT David Mitlin aut NINT INNT text article eng Cobalt molybdate (CoMoO4) nanoplatelets with a crystalline-amorphous core-shell structure anchored via multi-walled carbon nanotubes were prepared by a solvent-free microwave synthesis method. The entire procedure took only 15 min. The nanocomposite shows a promising capacitance of 170 F g−¹ with a potential window of 0.8 V, degrading by only 6.8% after 1000 cycles. yes yes 2012-01-16 2046-2069 2 7 2753 2755 10.1039/c2ra01300b National Institute for Nanotechnology Institut national de nanotechnologie National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268962 b6afe398-2972-4b5e-82e4-37166b086bc1 Craig McKay McKay, Craig S. aut SIMS ISSM Mariya Chigrinova aut SIMS ISSM Jessie Blake Blake, Jessie A. aut SIMS ISSM John Paul Pezacki aut SIMS ISSM text article eng Strain-promoted cycloadditions of cyclic nitrones with biaryl-aza-cyclooctynone (BARAC) proceed with rate constants up to 47.3 M−¹ s−¹, this corresponds to a 47-fold rate enhancement relative to reaction of BARAC with benzyl azide and a 14-fold enhancement over previously reported strain promoted alkyne–nitrone cycloadditions (SPANC). Studies of the SPANC reaction using the linear free energy relationship defined by the Hammett equation demonstrated that the cycloaddition reaction has a rho value of 0.25 ± 0.04, indicating that reaction is not sensitive to substituents and thus should have broad applicability. yes yes 2012-02-09 1477-0520 1477-0539 10 15 3066 3070 10.1039/c2ob07165g NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268961 7053dfee-adb0-4474-95fa-5d1be1b2f7bf Mickey C. Y. Chan aut Liang Chen aut EME EME Feihong Nan aut James F. Britten aut Christina Bock aut EME EME Gianluigi A. Botton aut text article eng The current challenge in catalyst development is to produce highly active and economical catalysts. This challenge cannot be overcome without an accurate understanding of catalyst structure, surfaces and morphology as the catalytic reactions occur on the surface active sites. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) is an excellent tool for understanding the structures of the nanoparticles down to the atomic level in determining the relationship with the catalyst's performance in fuel cell applications. This paper describes a detailed structural characterization of Pt–Fe nanoparticles using aberration corrected TEM. Detailed analysis regarding the morphology, structural ordering, facets, nature of the surfaces, atomic displacements and compositions was carried out and presented in the context of their electrochemical performances. In addition, the effects of electrochemical cycling in terms of morphology and composition evolution of the nanoparticles were analyzed. Lastly, along with data from X-ray diffractometry, two different crystallographic models of the unknown Pt3Fe2 nanoparticle phase are proposed. The detailed characterization by TEM provides useful insights into the nanoparticle chemistry and structure that contributes to catalyst development for next generation fuel cells. yes yes 2012-10-02 2040-3364 2040-3372 4 22 7273 7279 10.1039/c2nr31509b Energy, Mining and Environment Énergie, mines et environnement National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268960 abdb2980-e590-4e6d-b9e3-244dc1131f50 Chengxiang Qiu aut Dong Wang aut Edwin Wang aut BRI IRB Qinghua Cui aut text article eng With the rapid accumulation of microRNA (miRNAs), a class of newly identified small noncoding RNAs, in silico inference of miRNA functions has become one of the central tasks in miRNA bioinformatics. Traditional methods have helped in the understanding of miRNAs, but they also have limitations. In this paper, we first gave a brief review for the progress of bioinformatic methods in miRNA function inference and next presented a new framework (miRUPnet) for inferring the functions of miRNAs by functional analysis of a novel dimension of miRNA network, the context of its transcription factors (TFs) in a protein-protein interaction network. This dimension represents specific biological processes initiated by TF combinations and therefore differs from traditional methods in concept. To validate the accuracy of our method, we first comprehensively mined literature-reported miRNA functions and then made a comparison with the prediction result. The results show that even using the stringent TFBS rule, our method has independently predicted 68.2% of the literature reported miRNA functions, suggesting that miRUPnet has a high accuracy. Moreover, our approach successfully predicted specific functions that could not be inferred for given miRNAs using traditional methods. More importantly, it can distinguish miRNAs from the same family, as well as those present in multiple copies that cannot be differentiated through traditional methods. This study presents a new concept and dimension for miRNA function inference. miRUPnet represents an important and novel method for inferring the function of miRNAs. miRUPnet is available at http://cmbi.bjmu.edu.cn/mirupnet. yes yes 2012-02-23 1742-206X 1742-2051 8 5 1492 1498 7 10.1039/c2mb05469h NRC Biotechnology Research Institute Institut de recherche en biotechnologie du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268959 7d656681-1f7f-4935-b221-1ecd3ac1bbb2 Nitin Wadhawan aut Harmandeep Kalkat aut Kanmani Natarajan aut Xiuli Ma aut Sivakumar Gajjeraman aut Saravanan Nandagopal aut Ning Hao aut Jing Li aut Michael Zhang aut Jixian Deng aut MD DM Bo Xiang aut MD DM Shadreck Mzengeza aut Darren H. Freed aut Rakesh C. Arora aut Ganghong (Hong) Tian Tian, Ganghong aut MD DM Francis Lin aut text article eng Stem cells hold great promise for treatment of various degenerative diseases. However, clinical studies have only shown very moderate benefits of cell therapy. We believe that insufficiency of therapeutic benefits is due to limited homing of implanted stem cells to targeted organs. Microfluidic devices are a very useful research tool for quantitative characterizations of stem cells. The present study therefore was to assess the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and direct current electric field (dcEF) on the growth and trafficking of adipose-derived stem cells (ASC). It was found that EGF did not affect cell proliferation in cell-culture flasks. However, ASC proliferated at a higher rate in microfluidic devices with continuous infusion of EGF. Furthermore, we found that ASC migrated toward an EGF gradient in microfluidic devices. Moreover, we found that ASC tended to position perpendicularly to dcEF. The results suggest that EGF and dcEF may be effective in guiding homing and trafficking of implanted ASC. yes yes 2012-09-24 1473-0197 1473-0189 12 22 4829 4834 10.1039/c2lc40891k Medical Devices Dispositifs médicaux National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268954 db97ca83-7acd-441a-bec9-b871c5fdd813 Amir M. Foudeh aut Tohid Fatanat Didar aut Teodor Veres aut MD DM Maryam Tabrizian aut text article eng Effective pathogen detection is an essential prerequisite for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Despite recent advances in biosensors, infectious diseases remain a major cause of illnesses and mortality throughout the world. For instance in developing countries, infectious diseases account for over half of the mortality rate. Pathogen detection platforms provide a fundamental tool in different fields including clinical diagnostics, pathology, drug discovery, clinical research, disease outbreaks, and food safety. Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices offer many advantages for pathogen detection such as miniaturization, small sample volume, portability, rapid detection time and point-of-care diagnosis. This review paper outlines recent microfluidic based devices and LOC design strategies for pathogen detection with the main focus on the integration of different techniques that led to the development of sample-to-result devices. Several examples of recently developed devices are presented along with respective advantages and limitations of each design. Progresses made in biomarkers, sample preparation, amplification and fluid handling techniques using microfluidic platforms are also covered and strategies for multiplexing and high-throughput analysis, as well as point-of-care diagnosis, are discussed. yes yes 2012-06-26 1473-0197 1473-0189 12 18 3249 3266 10.1039/c2lc40630f Medical Devices Dispositifs médicaux National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268953 d1b6946e-4792-4664-acc1-aaa08c79d737 Xuefeng F. Zhang Zhang, X. F. aut MD DM S. Mansouri aut L. Clime aut H. Q. Ly aut L. 'H. Yahia aut Teodor Veres Veres, T. aut MD DM text article eng We demonstrate a one-step procedure for the synthesis of Fe3O4–silica core–shell nanoparticles with hierarchically ultra-large pores independent of any post-treatment such as annealing and template-molecule removal. The nanoporous silica shells with available amine groups were functionalized by clickable linkers to produce pH-sensitive amides for regulating the release of an anti-cancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX). The loading amount of DOX reached up to 13.2 mg per 100 mg nanoparticles, 74.2% of which can be effectively released after 63 h at body temperature and pH 5 with decreased side effects. Such excellent features of these nanoparticles appear to arise from the integrated hierarchically ultra-large open-porosities and a homogeneous dispersibility in aqueous solution that has a great potential for their use as drug delivery systems. yes yes 2012-05-09 0959-9428 1364-5501 22 29 14450 14457 10.1039/c2jm31749d Medical Devices Dispositifs médicaux National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268951 6ec18330-3207-467e-9dac-10ec3661b4d5 Weiwei Li aut NINT INNT Brian Joseph Worfolk Worfolk, Brian J. aut NINT INNT Peng Li aut NINT INNT Tate Hauger Hauger, Tate C. aut NINT INNT Ken David Harris Harris, Kenneth D. aut NINT INNT Jillian Buriak Buriak, Jillian M. aut NINT INNT text article eng Conjugated regioregular poly[3-(5-carboxypentyl) thiophene-2,5-diyl] (P3CPenT), a derivative of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), is introduced as a hole transport layer (HTL) for P3HT:PCBM plastic solar cells (PSCs). P3CPenT, a carboxyl-functionalized polythiophene, is insoluble in solvents typically used in the preparation of photoactive layers such as chloroform, chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene, allowing successive processing of the photoactive layer without dissolution of the HTL. P3CPenT self-assembles into nanowires in DMSO solution and when cast as a film, reduces concentration gradients of P3HT:PCBM photoactive layers. P3HT:PCBM PSCs incorporating P3CPenT nanowires as the HTL have a higher fill factor (FF, 0.67) and power conversion efficiency (PCE, 3.7%) than devices with conventional PEDOT:PSS HTLs. yes yes 2012-04-18 0959-9428 1364-5501 22 22 11354 11363 10.1039/c2jm30576c National Institute for Nanotechnology Institut national de nanotechnologie National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268949 b888a5dc-0e38-497a-be93-f7765bde6c33 Amit Singh aut SDT TSR Denis Arutyunov aut Christine M. Szymanski aut Stephane Evoy aut SDT TSR text article eng Rapid and specific detection of pathogenic bacteria is important for the proper treatment, containment and prevention of human, animal and plant diseases. Identifying unique biological probes to achieve a high degree of specificity and minimize false positives has therefore garnered much interest in recent years. Bacteriophages are obligate intracellular parasites that subvert bacterial cell resources for their own multiplication and production of disseminative new virions, which repeat the cycle by binding specifically to the host surface receptors and injecting genetic material into the bacterial cells. The precision of host recognition in phages is imparted by the receptor binding proteins (RBPs) that are often located in the tail-spike or tail fiber protein assemblies of the virions. Phage host recognition specificity has been traditionally exploited for bacterial typing using laborious and time consuming bacterial growth assays. At the same time this feature makes phage virions or RBPs an excellent choice for the development of probes capable of selectively capturing bacteria on solid surfaces with subsequent quick and automatic detection of the binding event. This review focuses on the description of pathogen detection approaches based on immobilized phage virions as well as pure recombinant RBPs. Specific advantages of RBP-based molecular probes are also discussed. yes yes 2012-05-16 0003-2654 1364-5528 137 15 3405 3421 10.1039/c2an35371g Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268948 c2635f4e-631f-48a1-89a4-187433625bf8 Li Zhang aut NINT INNT Liya Wang aut IFCI IIPC Christopher Michael Bjustrom Holt Holt, Chris M. B. aut NINT INNT Beniamin Zahiri-Sabzevar Zahiri, Beniamin aut NINT INNT Zhi Li aut NINT INNT Kourosh Malek aut IFCI IIPC Titichai Navessin aut IFCI IIPC Michael Eikerling Eikerling, Michael H. aut IFCI IIPC David Mitlin aut NINT INNT text article eng Nanocomposite materials consisting of platinum deposited on carbon nanotubes are emerging electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in PEM fuel cells. However, these materials albeit showing promising electrocatalytic activities suffer from unacceptable rates of corrosion during service. This study demonstrates an effective strategy for creating highly corrosion-resistant electrocatalysts utilizing metal oxide coated carbon nanotubes as a support for Pt. The electrode geometry consisted of a three-dimensional array of multi-walled carbon nanotubes grown directly on Inconel and conformally covered by a bilayer of Pt/niobium oxide. The activities of these hybrid carbon-metal oxide materials are on par with commercially available carbon-supported Pt catalysts. We show that a sub-nanometre interlayer of NbO2 provides effective protection from electrode corrosion. After 10,000 cyclic voltammetry cycles from 0.5 V to 1.4 V, the loss of electrochemical surface area, reduction of the half-wave potential, and the loss of specific activity of the NbO2 supported Pt were 10.8%, 8 mV and 10.3%, respectively. Under the same conditions, the catalytic layers with Pt directly deposited onto carbon nanotubes had a loss of electrochemical area, reduction of half-wave potential and loss of specific activity of 47.3%, 65 mV and 65.8%, respectively. The improved corrosion resistance is supported by microstructural observations of both electrodes in their post-cycled state. First principles calculations at the density functional theory level were performed to gain further insight into changes in wetting properties, stability and electronic structure introduced by the insertion of the thin NbO2 film. yes yes 2012-02-02 1754-5692 1754-5706 5 3 6156 6172 10.1039/c2ee02689a National Institute for Nanotechnology Institut national de nanotechnologie NRC Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation Institut d'innovation en piles à combustible du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268947 02730b2e-801b-44ef-b5ca-227c99f4d5fb Bob Déziel aut James MacPhee aut Kunal Patel aut Adriana Elena Catalli Catalli, Adriana aut INH ISNS Marianna Kulka aut INH ISNS Catherine Neto aut Katherine Gottschall-Pass aut Robert Hurta aut text article eng Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, and its prevalence is expected to increase appreciably in the coming decades. As such, more research is necessary to understand the etiology, progression and possible preventative measures to delay or to stop the development of this disease. Recently, there has been interest in examining the effects of whole extracts from commonly harvested crops on the behaviour and progression of cancer. Here, we describe the effects of whole cranberry extract (WCE) on the behaviour of DU145 human prostate cancer cells in vitro. Following treatment of DU145 human prostate cancer cells with 10, 25 and 50 μg ml−¹ of WCE, respectively for 6 h, WCE significantly decreased the cellular viability of DU145 cells. WCE also decreased the proportion of cells in the G2-M phase of the cell cycle and increased the proportion of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle following treatment of cells with 25 and 50 μg ml−¹ treatment of WCE for 6 h. These alterations in cell cycle were associated with changes in cell cycle regulatory proteins and other cell cycle associated proteins. WCE decreased the expression of CDK4, cyclin A, cyclin B1, cyclin D1 and cyclin E, and increased the expression of p27. Changes in p16INK4a and pRBp107 protein expression levels also were evident, however, the changes noted in p16INK4a and pRBp107 protein expression levels were not statistically significant. These findings demonstrate that phytochemical extracts from the American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) can affect the behaviour of human prostate cancer cells in vitro and further support the potential health benefits associated with cranberries. yes yes 2012-03-05 2042-6496 2042-650X 3 5 556 564 10.1039/c2fo10145a NRC Institute for Nutrisciences and Health Institut des sciences nutritionnelles et de la santé du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268946 ea3993b3-dcc2-41fe-8e21-8b1980a4a3ff Zhaochu Hu aut Yongsheng Liu aut Shan Gao aut Wengui Liu aut Wen Zhang aut Xirun Tong aut Lin Lin aut Keqing Zong aut Ming Li aut Haihong Chen aut Lian Zhou aut Lu Yang aut MSS SME text article eng The effect of three different cone combinations on the performance of laser ablation MC-ICP-MS (Neptune plus) for the in situ Hf isotope analysis of zircon were investigated. The signal sensitivities of Hf, Yb and Lu were improved by a factor of 1.4 and 2.5, respectively, with using the X skimmer cone + standard sampler cone and the X skimmer cone + Jet sample cone compared to the standard arrangement (H skimmer cone + standard sample cone). However, when using the high-sensitivity Jet sample cone, the instrumental mass fractionation for hafnium displayed a large non-linear component that could not be corrected using the normal mass fractionation laws. The magnitude of this non-linear mass fractionation was strongly related to the central gas flow rate. The in situ Hf isotope analysis of zircon standards 91500 and Mud Tank using the Jet cone displayed large deviations (410–470 ppm) at the optimum central gas flow rate for Hf, which seriously deteriorated the performance of the Jet cone. The addition of 4 ml min−¹ nitrogen to the central gas flow in laser ablation MC-ICP-MS was found to not only increase the sensitivity of Hf by a factor of 2.1, but also suppress this non-linear mass fractionation. The determined Yb/Hf and Lu/Hf ratios at their corresponding optimum makeup gas flow rates for Hf intensity were found to be reduced by factors of 2 and 1.3 in the presence of nitrogen, respectively, which would benefit the accurate in situ determination of Hf isotopes in high-content Yb and Lu samples. Compared to the standard arrangement, the corresponding precision (2σ) of 176Hf/177Hf for single spot analysis of zircon standard 91500 was improved from 224 ppm to 50 ppm by using the newly designed X-skimmer cone and Jet sample cone in combination with the nitrogen addition technique. The determined 176Hf/177Hf ratios are in excellent agreement with published values in five reference zircon standards (91500, GJ-1, Mud Tank, Penglai and Plešovice). Our first Hf isotopic results from zircon standard M257 (0.281544 ± 0.000018; 2SD, n = 151) showed that it was fairly homogeneous in Hf isotopes. These results clearly demonstrate that the present analytical method has the potential to become an important tool for the pursuit of high-quality in situ Hf isotope data for zircons. yes yes 2012-07-03 0267-9477 1364-5544 27 9 1391 1399 10.1039/c2ja30078h Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268945 e533b361-e2df-43a5-9ac9-3f1c6ffed97a Cunhai Dong aut Andreas Korinek aut Barbara Blasiak aut Boguslaw (Slawek) Tomanek Tomanek, Boguslaw aut IBD IBD Frank C. J. M. Van veggel aut text article eng Cation exchange was performed on up-conversion NaYF4:Yb,Tm nanoparticles, resulting in NaYF4:Yb,Tm-NaGdF4 core–shell nanoparticles as indicated by electron energy-loss spectroscopy 2D mapping. Results show that core–shell nanoparticles with a thin, tunable, and uniform shell of subnanometer thickness can be made via this cation exchange process. The resulting NaYF4:Yb,Tm-NaGdF4 core–shell nanoparticles have an enhanced up-conversion intensity relative to the initial core nanoparticles. As potential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, they were tested for their proton relaxivities. The r1 relaxivity per Gd³⁺ ion of the nanoparticles with a thin NaGdF4 shell (ca. 0.6 nm thick) measured at 9.4 T was found to be 2.33 mM–1·s–1. This r1 relaxivity is among the highest in all the reported NaYF4–NaGdF4 core–shell nanoparticles. The r1 relaxivity per nanoparticle is 1.56 × 104 mM–1·s–1, which is over 4000 times higher than commercial Gd³⁺-complexes. The very high proton relaxivity per nanoparticle is critical for targeted MRI as such nanoparticles provide strong contrast even in low concentrations. The presented cation exchange method is a promising way to manufacture core–shell nanoparticles with up-conversion NaYF4:Yb,Tm core and paramagnetic NaGdF4 shell for bimodal imaging, i.e. MR and optical imaging. yes yes cation exchange; sodium lanthanide fluoride nanoparticles; core−shell nanoparticles; magnetic resonance imaging; up-conversion optical imaging 2012-04-10 0897-4756 1520-5002 24 7 1297 1305 9 10.1021/cm2036844 NRC Institute for Biodiagnostics Institut du biodiagnostic du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268944 5c0ff6d2-44f4-4413-a129-d412b43ed7a6 H. J. Silverstein aut K. Cruz-kan aut A. M. Hallas aut H. D. Zhou aut Ronald L (Ron) Donaberger Donaberger, R. L. aut NRC CNRC B. C. Hernden aut M. Bieringer aut E. S. Choi aut J. M. Hwang aut A. S. Wills aut C. R. Wiebe aut text article eng Polycrystalline Pb3TeCo3V2O14, a structural analogue of the multiferroic Ba3NbFe3Si2O14, was synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, dielectric constant, and neutron diffraction. Magnetic susceptibility, specific heat capacity measurements, and bond valence analysis confirmed that the V5+ ion is nonmagnetic, while Co2+ is in its high spin state (S = 3/2). Two magnetic transitions were seen at TN1 = 8.6 K and TN2 = 6.0 K where the spins first adopt a magnetic structure with propagation vector k = (0.752,0,1/2) and reorder into a commensurate structure with propagation vector k = (5/6,5/6,1/2). Changes in the dielectric constant at both magnetic phase transitions suggest that magnetoelectric coupling exists in Pb3TeCo3V2O14. yes yes 2012-02-28 0897-4756 1520-5002 24 4 664 670 7 10.1021/cm202502p National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268943 bd27cba2-5f61-4445-b22a-6f30e64bd466 Hao Ming Chen aut Chih Kai Chen aut Ru-Shi Liu aut Lei Zhang aut EME EME Jiujun (JJ) Zhang Zhang, Jiujun aut EME EME David P. Wilkinson aut text article eng This review concerns the efficient conversion of sunlight into chemical fuels through the photoelectrochemical splitting of water, which has the potential to generate sustainable hydrogen fuel. In this review, we discuss various photoelectrode materials and relative design strategies with their associated fabrication for solar water splitting. Factors affecting photoelectrochemical performance of these materials and designs are also described. The most recent progress in the research and development of new materials as well as their corresponding photoelectrodes is also summarized in this review. Finally, the research strategies and future directions for water splitting are discussed with recommendations to facilitate the further exploration of new photoelectrode materials and their associated technologies. yes yes 2012-07-04 0306-0012 1460-4744 41 17 5654 5671 10.1039/c2cs35019j Energy, Mining and Environment Énergie, mines et environnement National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268941 53d84fc8-d7cd-4594-8793-88f3e5160e97 Xuehai Tan aut SDT TSR Liya Wang aut Christopher Michael Bjustrom Holt Holt, Chris M. B. aut SDT TSR Beniamin Zahiri-Sabzevar Zahiri, Beniamin aut SDT TSR Michael H. Eikerling aut David Mitlin aut SDT TSR text article eng We have synthesized a new metastable metal hydride with promising hydrogen storage properties. Body centered cubic (bcc) magnesium niobium hydride (Mg0.75Nb0.25)H2 possesses 4.5 wt% hydrogen gravimetric density, with 4 wt% being reversible. Volumetric hydrogen absorption measurements yield an enthalpy of hydride formation of −53 kJ mol−¹ H2, which indicates a significant thermodynamic destabilization relative to the baseline −77 kJ mol−¹ H2 for rutile MgH2. The hydrogenation cycling kinetics are remarkable. At room temperature and 1 bar hydrogen it takes 30 minutes to absorb a 1.5 μm thick film at sorption cycle 1, and 1 minute at cycle 5. Reversible desorption is achieved in about 60 minutes at 175 °C. Using ab initio calculations we have examined the thermodynamic stability of metallic alloys with hexagonal close packed (hcp) versus bcc crystal structure. Moreover we have analyzed the formation energies of the alloy hydrides that are bcc, rutile or fluorite. yes yes 2012-06-27 1463-9076 1463-9084 14 31 10904 10909 10.1039/c2cp42136d Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268940 dda04126-d142-4f04-be6f-e6ff57619079 Joshua M. Laforge aut Grayson L. Ingram aut Michael T. Taschuk aut Michael Julian Brett Brett, Michael J. aut NINT INNT text article eng We tailored nanostructured morphology and crystal texture of iron nanocolumns by engineering the inclination and azimuthal directions of the collimated flux characteristic of glancing angle deposition (GLAD). Under continuous substrate rotation, the flux is azimuthally isotropic within one rotation. With large substrate rotation speeds, we can deposit vertical nanocolumns with a faceted, tetrahedral apex, BCC crystal structure and 111 fiber texture. Designing the flux to have an azimuthal 3-fold symmetry, which reflects the symmetry of the tetrahedral apex, allows us to induce both an in-plane and out-of-plane texture (biaxial texture) by evolutionary selection. In-plane crystal orientation is accompanied by a preferential azimuthal nanocolumn orientation, where the sides of tetrahedral apex are directed toward the flux direction. This work demonstrates the flux engineering technique, which can orient in-plane crystal texture and morphology of crystalline nanocolumns on amorphous substrates. This control is a useful addition to vapor–solid, physical self-assembly with the potential to improve the performance of porous thin film architectures as biaxial buffer layers, and in a variety of device applications such as photovoltaics and energy storage. yes yes 2012-07-03 1528-7483 1528-7505 12 7 3661 3667 7 10.1021/cg300469s National Institute for Nanotechnology Institut national de nanotechnologie National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268939 2851f4d7-c363-4f2c-809d-9146553d410c Rasmus Y. Brogaard aut Oliver Schalk aut SDT TSR Andrey Boguslavskiy Boguslavskiy, Andrey E. aut SDT TSR Gary Enright Enright, Gary D. aut MSS SME Henning Hopf aut Vitaly Raev aut Eliza Tarcoveanu aut Theis I. Sølling aut Albert Stolow aut SDT TSR text article eng The Paternò–Büchi (PB) reaction between an excited carbonyl compound and an alkene has been widely studied, but so far little is known about the excited-state dynamics of the reaction. In this investigation, we used a compound in which a formyl and a vinyl group are attached to a [2.2]paracyclophane in order to obtain a model system in pre-reactive conformation for the PB reaction. We studied the excited-state dynamics of the isolated molecule in a molecular beam using femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. The results show that inter-system crossing within two picoseconds competes efficiently with the reaction in the singlet manifold. Thus, the PB reaction in this model system takes place in the triplet state on a time scale of nanoseconds. This result stresses the importance of triplet states in the excited-state pathway of the PB reaction involving aromatic carbonyl compounds, even in situations in which the reacting moieties are in immediate vicinity. yes yes 2012-05-02 1463-9076 1463-9084 14 24 8572 8580 10.1039/c2cp40819h Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268938 74ec4d5a-837d-4b6e-bece-1f8d54c1f049 Allison R. Sherratt aut David Blais Blais, David R. aut SIMS ISSM Houman Ghasriani aut John Paul Pezacki aut MD DM Natalie K. Goto aut text article eng Rhomboid proteins comprise the largest class of intramembrane protease known, being conserved from bacteria to humans. The functional status of these proteases is typically assessed through direct or indirect detection of peptide cleavage products. Although these assays can report on the ability of a rhomboid to catalyze peptide bond cleavage, differences in measured hydrolysis rates can reflect changes in the structure and activity of catalytic residues, as well as the ability of the substrate to access the active site. Here we show that a highly reactive and sterically unencumbered fluorophosphonate activity-based protein profiling probe can be used to report on the catalytic integrity of active site residues in the Escherichia coli GlpG protein. We used results obtained with this probe on GlpG in proteomic samples, in combination with a conventional assay of proteolytic function on purified samples, to identify residues that are located on the cytoplasmic side of the lipid bilayer that are required for maximal proteolytic activity. Regions tested include the 90-residue aqueous-exposed N-terminus that encompasses a globular structure that we have determined by solution nuclear magnetic resonance, along with residues on the cytoplasmic side of the transmembrane domain core. While in most cases mutation or elimination of these residues did not significantly alter the catalytic status of the GlpG active site, the lipid-facing residue Arg227 was found to be important for maintaining a catalytically competent active site. In addition, we found a functionally critical region outside the transmembrane domain (TMD) core that is required for maximal protease activity. This region encompasses an additional 8–10 residues on the N-terminal side of the TMD core that precedes the first transmembrane segment and was not previously known to play a role in rhomboid function. These findings highlight the utility of the activity-based protein profiling approach for the characterization of rhomboid function. yes yes 2012-10-02 0006-2960 1520-4995 51 39 7794 7803 10 10.1021/bi301087c NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC Medical Devices Dispositifs médicaux National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268937 f183fdaf-bd65-48e3-906e-6a7dbd743b97 M. Rezaei aut K. H. Michaelian aut A Robert (Bob) McKellar McKellar, A. R. W. aut SIMS ISSM N. Moazzen-Ahmadi aut text article eng Spectra of ethylene dimers and trimers are studied in the ν11 fundamental band region of C2D4 (≈2200 cm−¹) using a tuneable quantum cascade laser to probe a pulsed supersonic slit jet expansion. The dimer spectrum is that of a prolate symmetric top perpendicular band, with a distinctive appearance because the A rotational constant is almost exactly equal to six times the B constant. The analysis supports the previously determined cross-shaped dimer structure with D2d symmetry. An ethylene trimer has not previously been observed with rotational resolution. The spectrum is that of an oblate symmetric top parallel band. It leads to a proposed trimer structure which is barrel shaped and has C3h or C3 symmetry, with the ethylene monomer C–C axes approximately aligned along the trimer symmetry axis. yes yes 2012-04-18 1463-9076 1463-9084 14 23 8415 8418 10.1039/c2cp40597k NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268936 b13d54a0-83ad-4930-9460-7760781d61c3 John Tse Tse, John S. aut Dennis D Klug Klug, Dennis D. aut SIMS ISSM text article eng We offer our viewpoint on the nature of amorphous ices produced by pressurization of crystalline ice Ih and the inter-relationship between them from an atomistic perspective. We argue that the transformation of high density amorphous (HDA) ice from crystalline ice is due to a mechanical process arising from the instability of the ice Ih structure. The densification of HDA upon thermal annealing under pressure is a relaxation process. The conversion of the densified amorphous ice to a lower density form (LDA) upon the release of pressure can be attributed to a similar process. It is speculated that amorphous ices are metastable frustrated structures due to the large activation barriers associated with proton reorientation in the formation of the underlying stable crystalline ice polymorphs. yes yes 2012-04-23 1463-9076 1463-9084 14 23 8255 8263 10.1039/c2cp40201g NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences Institut Steacie des sciences moléculaires du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268935 f3102a9b-a0e1-4a24-855d-bb8a6f8e8c2d Serguei Patchkovskii aut SDT TSR Michael (Mike) Spanner Spanner, Michael aut SDT TSR text article eng Optical vortices usually break up when they propagate through nonlinear media. Now, however, experiments show the helical structure of an infrared beam can survive a high-harmonic-generation process. This could lead to a table-top source of attosecond helical light pulses. yes yes 2012-08-26 1745-2473 1745-2481 8 10 707 708 10.1038/nphys2415 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268926 e61beb35-101b-461b-ae20-72c29ee7e779 Ghislain Granger Granger, G. aut MSS SME D. Taubert aut C. E. Young aut Louis Gaudreau Gaudreau, L. aut ICT TIC Alicia Patricia Kam Kam, A. aut ICT TIC Sergei Studenikin Studenikin, S. A. aut SDT TSR Piotr Zawadzki Zawadzki, P. aut SDT TSR D. Harbusch aut D. Schuh aut W. Wegscheider aut Zbigniew R (Zbig) Wasilewski Wasilewski, Z. R. aut ICT TIC A. A. Clerk aut S. Ludwig aut Andrew (Andy) Sachrajda Sachrajda, A. S. aut SDT TSR text article eng Spin qubits have been successfully realized in electrostatically defined, lateral few-electron quantum-dot circuits. Qubit readout typically involves spin to charge information conversion, followed by a charge measurement made using a nearby biased quantum point contact (QPC). It is critical to understand the back-action disturbances resulting from such a measurement approach. Previous studies have indicated that QPC detectors emit phonons which are then absorbed by nearby qubits. We report here the observation of a pronounced back-action effect in multiple dot circuits, where the absorption of detector-generated phonons is strongly modified by a quantum interference effect, and show that the phenomenon is well described by a theory incorporating both the QPC and coherent phonon absorption. Our combined experimental and theoretical results suggest strategies to suppress back-action during the qubit readout procedure. yes yes 2012-06-03 1745-2473 1745-2481 8 7 522 527 6 10.1038/nphys2326 National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268925 233368d5-0387-4a2a-8587-7223352a8cbf Mark Russell Freeman Freeman, Mark R. aut SDT TSR Zhu Diao aut SDT TSR text article eng Spin waves show promise as a means of transporting information in integrated magnetic devices, but convenient ways to control their properties are required. Now directional control of spin-wave emission using photonics has been demonstrated in an all-optical pump–probe experiment. yes yes 2012-10-01 1749-4885 1749-4893 6 10 643 645 3 10.1038/nphoton.2012.241 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268924 80e2b837-afda-4d06-b8f9-11017df50151 Lijian Zhang aut Hendrik B. Coldenstrodt-Ronge aut Animesh Datta aut Graciana Puentes aut Jeffrey (Jeff) Lundeen Lundeen, Jeff S. aut MSS SME Xian-Min Jin aut Brian J. Smith aut Martin B. Plenio aut Ian A. Walmsley aut text article eng Quantum states and measurements exhibit wave-like (continuous) or particle-like (discrete) character. Hybrid discrete–continuous photonic systems are key to investigating fundamental quantum phenomena, generating superpositions of macroscopic states, and form essential resources for quantum-enhanced applications such as entanglement distillation and quantum computation, as well as highly efficient optical telecommunications. Realizing the full potential of these hybrid systems requires quantum-optical measurements sensitive to non-commuting observables such as field quadrature amplitude and photon number. However, a thorough understanding of the practical performance of an optical detector interpolating between these two regions is absent. Here, we report the implementation of full quantum detector tomography, enabling the characterization of the simultaneous wave and photon-number sensitivities of quantum-optical detectors. This yields the largest parameterization to date in quantum tomography experiments, requiring the development of novel theoretical tools. Our results reveal the role of coherence in quantum measurements and demonstrate the tunability of hybrid quantum-optical detectors. yes yes Quantum optics; Optoelectronic devices and components 2012-05-20 1749-4885 1749-4893 6 6 364 368 10.1038/nphoton.2012.107 Measurement Science and Standards Science des mesures et étalons National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268922 a8d1d709-7e00-40bb-8165-72bc995a3cba Jeremy Carlo Carlo, J. P. aut CNBC CCFN T. Goko aut I. M. Gat-Malureanu aut P. L. Russo aut A. T. Savici aut A. A. Aczel aut G. J. MacDougall aut J. A. Rodriguez aut T. J. Williams aut G. M. Luke aut C. R. Wiebe aut Y. Yoshida aut S. Nakatsuji aut Y. Maeno aut T. Taniguchi aut Y. J. Uemura aut text article eng High- Tc cuprates, iron pnictides, organic BEDT and TMTSF, alkali-doped C60, and heavy-fermion systems have superconducting states adjacent to competing states exhibiting static antiferromagnetic or spin density wave order. This feature has promoted pictures for their superconducting pairing mediated by spin fluctuations. Sr2RuO4 is another unconventional superconductor which almost certainly has a p-wave pairing. The absence of known signatures of static magnetism in the Sr-rich side of the (Ca, Sr) substitution space, however, has led to a prevailing view that the superconducting state in Sr2RuO4 emerges from a surrounding Fermi-liquid metallic state. Using muon spin relaxation and magnetic susceptibility measurements, we demonstrate here that (Sr,Ca)2RuO4 has a ground state with static magnetic order over nearly the entire range of (Ca, Sr) substitution, with spin-glass behaviour in Sr1.5Ca0.5RuO4 and Ca1.5Sr0.5RuO4. The resulting new magnetic phase diagram establishes the proximity of superconductivity in Sr2RuO4 to competing static magnetic order. yes yes Superconductors; Magnetic materials 2012-02-19 1476-1122 1476-4660 11 4 323 328 6 10.1038/nmat3236 NRC Canadian Neutron Beam Centre Centre canadien de faisceaux de neutrons du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268920 873391d8-e899-40c1-b25f-5470791b4c41 Nirmal Robinson aut HHT TSH Scott McComb aut HHT TSH Rebecca Mulligan aut HHT TSH Renu Dudani aut HHT TSH Lakshmi Krishnan aut HHT TSH Subash Sad aut HHT TSH text article eng Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a virulent pathogen that induces rapid host death. Here we observed that host survival after infection with S. Typhimurium was enhanced in the absence of type I interferon signaling, with improved survival of mice deficient in the receptor for type I interferons (Ifnar1−/− mice) that was attributed to macrophages. Although there was no impairment in cytokine expression or inflammasome activation in Ifnar1−/− macrophages, they were highly resistant to S. Typhimurium–induced cell death. Specific inhibition of the kinase RIP1 or knockdown of the gene encoding the kinase RIP3 prevented the death of wild-type macrophages, which indicated that necroptosis was a mechanism of cell death. Finally, RIP3-deficient macrophages, which cannot undergo necroptosis, had similarly less death and enhanced control of S. Typhimurium in vivo. Thus, we propose that S. Typhimurium induces the production of type I interferon, which drives necroptosis of macrophages and allows them to evade the immune response. yes yes 2012-08-26 1529-2908 1529-2916 13 10 954 962 9 10.1038/ni.2397 Human Health Therapeutics Thérapeutiques en santé humaine National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268919 3ebd4629-ea09-40fe-a5ca-84c0f4061ba1 Alessandro Borgia aut Beth G. Wensley aut Andrea Soranno aut Daniel Nettels aut Madeleine B. Borgia aut Armin Albert Hoffmann Hoffmann, Armin aut NINT INNT Shawn H. Pfeil aut Everett A. Lipman aut Jane Clarke aut Benjamin Schuler aut text article eng Theory, simulations and experimental results have suggested an important role of internal friction in the kinetics of protein folding. Recent experiments on spectrin domains provided the first evidence for a pronounced contribution of internal friction in proteins that fold on the millisecond timescale. However, it has remained unclear how this contribution is distributed along the reaction and what influence it has on the folding dynamics. Here we use a combination of single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer, nanosecond fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, microfluidic mixing and denaturant- and viscosity-dependent protein-folding kinetics to probe internal friction in the unfolded state and at the early and late transition states of slow- and fast-folding spectrin domains. We find that the internal friction affecting the folding rates of spectrin domains is highly localized to the early transition state, suggesting an important role of rather specific interactions in the rate-limiting conformational changes. yes yes 2012-11-13 2041-1723 3 1195 10.1038/ncomms2204 National Institute for Nanotechnology Institut national de nanotechnologie National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268918 1da9f759-09e0-4023-86c7-0456fffa8971 B. L. De Vries aut B. Acke aut J. A. D. L. Blommaert aut C. Waelkens aut L. B. F. M. Waters aut B. Vandenbussche aut M. Min aut G. Olofsson aut C. Dominik aut L. Decin aut M. J. Barlow aut A. Brandeker aut James Di Francesco Di Francesco, J. aut NSI ISN A. M. Glauser aut J. Greaves aut P. M. Harvey aut W. S. Holland aut R. J. Ivison aut R. Liseau aut E. E. Pantin aut G. L. Pilbratt aut P. Royer aut B. Sibthorpe aut text article eng Some planetary systems harbour debris disks containing planetesimals such as asteroids and comets. Collisions between such bodies produce small dust particles, the spectral features of which reveal their composition and, hence, that of their parent bodies. A measurement of the composition of olivine crystals (Mg2−2xFe2xSiO4) has been done for the protoplanetary disk HD 100546 and for olivine crystals in the warm inner parts of planetary systems. The latter compares well with the iron-rich olivine in asteroids (x ≈ 0.29). In the cold outskirts of the β Pictoris system, an analogue to the young Solar System, olivine crystals were detected but their composition remained undetermined, leaving unknown how the composition of the bulk of Solar System cometary olivine grains compares with that of extrasolar comets. Here we report the detection of the 69-micrometre-wavelength band of olivine crystals in the spectrum of β Pictoris. Because the disk is optically thin, we can associate the crystals with an extrasolar proto-Kuiper belt a distance of 15–45 astronomical units from the star (one astronomical unit is the Sun–Earth distance), determine their magnesium-rich composition (x = 0.01 ± 0.001) and show that they make up 3.6 ± 1.0 per cent of the total dust mass. These values are strikingly similar to those for the dust emitted by the most primitive comets in the Solar System, even though β Pictoris is more massive and more luminous and has a different planetary system architecture. yes yes 2012-10-03 0028-0836 1476-4687 490 7418 74 76 3 10.1038/nature11469 National Science Infrastructure Infrastructure scientifique nationale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268916 237b7418-d46a-4a17-901c-ca754f08d506 Dror Shafir aut Hadas Soifer aut Barry D. Bruner aut Michal Dagan aut Yann Mairesse aut Serguei Patchkovskii aut SDT TSR Misha Yu. Ivanov aut Olga Smirnova aut Nirit Dudovich aut text article eng The tunnelling of a particle through a barrier is one of the most fundamental and ubiquitous quantum processes. When induced by an intense laser field, electron tunnelling from atoms and molecules initiates a broad range of phenomena such as the generation of attosecond pulses, laser-induced electron diffraction and holography. These processes evolve on the attosecond timescale (1 attosecond ≡ 1 as = 10−^18 seconds) and are well suited to the investigation of a general issue much debated since the early days of quantum mechanics5, 6, 7—the link between the tunnelling of an electron through a barrier and its dynamics outside the barrier. Previous experiments have measured tunnelling rates with attosecond time resolution and tunnelling delay times. Here we study laser-induced tunnelling by using a weak probe field to steer the tunnelled electron in the lateral direction and then monitor the effect on the attosecond light bursts emitted when the liberated electron re-encounters the parent ion. We show that this approach allows us to measure the time at which the electron exits from the tunnelling barrier. We demonstrate the high sensitivity of the measurement by detecting subtle delays in ionization times from two orbitals of a carbon dioxide molecule. Measurement of the tunnelling process is essential for all attosecond experiments where strong-field ionization initiates ultrafast dynamics. Our approach provides a general tool for time-resolving multi-electron rearrangements in atoms and molecules—one of the key challenges in ultrafast science. yes yes 2012-05-16 0028-0836 1476-4687 485 7398 343 346 4 nature11025 10.1038/nature11025 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268915 8af969d2-47e1-4802-9f3a-0799698c6373 Danica B Stanimirovic Stanimirovic, Danica b aut IBS ISB Alon Friedman aut text article eng Pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit (NVU) is commonly seen in neurological diseases. The typical features of NVU pathophysiology include tissue hypoxia, inflammatory and angiogenic activation, as well as initiation of complex molecular interactions between cellular (brain endothelial cells, astroctyes, pericytes, inflammatory cells, and neurons) and acellular (basal lamina) components of the NVU, jointly resulting in increased blood–brain barrier permeability, brain edema, neurovascular uncoupling, and neuronal dysfunction and damage. The evidence of important role of the brain vascular compartment in disease pathogenesis has elicited the debate whether the primary vascular events may be a cause of the neurological disease, as opposed to a mere participant recruited by a primary neuronal origin of pathology? Whereas some hereditary and acquired cerebral angiopathies could be considered a primary cause of neurological symptoms of the disease, the epidemiological studies showing a high degree of comorbidity among vascular disease and dementias, including Alzheimer's disease, as well as migraine and epilepsy, suggested that primary vascular pathology may be etiological factor causing neuronal dysfunction or degeneration in these diseases. This review focuses on recent hypotheses and evidence, suggesting that pathophysiology of the NVU may be initiating trigger for neuronal pathology and subsequent neurological manifestations of the disease. yes yes Alzheimer's disease; blood–brain barrier; genetic vasculopathies; migraine; neurovascular unit; seizures 2012-03-07 0271-678X 1559-7016 32 7 1207 1221 15 jcbfm201225 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.25 NRC Institute for Biological Sciences Institut des sciences biologiques du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268914 45393d67-ec64-4373-82a4-371cbc77b25f Scott McComb McComb, S. aut HHT TSH H. H. Cheung aut R. G. Korneluk aut S. Wang aut Lakshmi Krishnan Krishnan, L. aut HHT TSH Subash Sad Sad, S. aut HHT TSH text article eng Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (cIAPs) have emerged as important anti-cell death mediators, particularly in cancer. Although they are known to be expressed in immune tissue, their specific immune function remains unclear. We observed that degradation of cIAPs with SMAC mimetic (SM) results in death of primary bone-marrow-derived macrophages. SM-induced death of macrophages occurred by programmed necrosis (necroptosis), which was dependent on TNF receptor expression. Consistent with necroptosis, SM-induced death of macrophages was abrogated by inhibition of receptor interacting protein 1 (Rip1) kinase signaling or by receptor interacting protein 3 (Rip3) knockdown. SM-induced necroptosis was also dependent on inhibition of SM-induced apoptosis due to the expression of the endogenous caspase inhibitor, xIAP. We found that cIAPs limit Rip3, and to a lesser extent Rip1, expression via post-transcriptional mechanisms, leading to inhibition of the Rip1–Rip3 death complex (necrosome). Reduced cIAP activity in vivo, via SM treatment or specific knockout of either cIAP, resulted in elevated macrophage cell death and compromised control of an intracellular bacterium, Listeria monocytogenes. These results show that cIAPs have an important role in limiting programmed necrosis of macrophages, which facilitates effective control of a pathogen. yes yes innate immunity; macrophage; inflammation; host–pathogen interactions 2012-05-11 1350-9047 1476-5403 19 11 1791 1801 11 cdd201259 10.1038/cdd.2012.59 Human Health Therapeutics Thérapeutiques en santé humaine National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268912 0a43c3fc-109b-4cf4-9398-072c8b08570a Robert C. Jackson aut Greg M. Mcfarquhar aut Alexei V. Korolev aut Michael E. Earle aut Peter S. K. Liu aut R. Paul Lawson aut Sarah Brooks aut Mengistu Wolde aut AERO AERO Alexander Laskin aut Matt Freer aut text article eng Cloud and aerosol data acquired by the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) Convair-580 aircraft in, above, and below single-layer arctic stratocumulus cloud during the Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol Campaign (ISDAC) in April 2008 were used to test three aerosol indirect effects hypothesized to act in mixed-phase clouds: the riming indirect effect, the glaciation indirect effect, and the thermodynamic indirect effect. The data showed a correlation of R = 0.78 between liquid drop number concentration, Nliq inside cloud and ambient aerosol number concentration NPCASP below cloud. This, combined with increasing liquid water content LWC with height above cloud base and the nearly constant vertical profile of Nliq, suggested that liquid drops nucleated from aerosol at cloud base. No evidence of a riming indirect effect was observed, but a strong correlation of R = 0.69 between ice crystal number concentration Ni and NPCASP above cloud was noted. Increases in ice nuclei (IN) concentration with NPCASP above cloud for 2 flight dates combined with the subadiabatic LWC profiles suggest possible mixing of IN from cloud top consistent with the glaciation indirect effect. The lower Nice and lower effective radius rel for the more polluted ISDAC cases compared to data collected in cleaner single-layer stratocumulus conditions during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment is consistent with the operation of the thermodynamic indirect effect. However, more data in a wider variety of meteorological and surface conditions, with greater variations in aerosol forcing, are required to identify the dominant aerosol forcing mechanisms in mixed-phase arctic clouds. yes yes arctic clouds;cloud aerosol interactions;mixed phase clouds 2012-08-14 0148-0227 117 D15 10.1029/2012JD017668 Aerospace Aérospatiale National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268911 fe588ae3-f8f5-498c-b589-a1c32a570ff8 Sanghyun Lim aut Kenneth (Ken) Chisholm Chisholm, Kenneth aut IMB IBM Robert H. Coffin aut Rick D. Peters aut Khalil I. Al-Mughrabi aut Gefu Wang-Pruski aut Devanand (Dev) Pinto Pinto, Devanand M. aut IMB IBM text article eng Foliar diseases, such as late blight, result in serious threats to potato production. As such, potato leaf tissue becomes an important substrate to study biological processes, such as plant defense responses to infection. Nonetheless, the potato leaf proteome remains poorly characterized. Here, we report protein profiling of potato leaf tissues using a modified differential centrifugation approach to separate the leaf tissues into cell wall and cytoplasmic fractions. This method helps to increase the number of identified proteins, including targeted putative cell wall proteins. The method allowed for the identification of 1484 nonredundant potato leaf proteins, of which 364 and 447 were reproducibly identified proteins in the cell wall and cytoplasmic fractions, respectively. Reproducibly identified proteins corresponded to over 70% of proteins identified in each replicate. A diverse range of proteins was identified based on their theoretical pI values, molecular masses, functional classification, and biological processes. Such a protein extraction method is effective for the establishment of a highly qualified proteome profile. yes yes potato leaf; protein profiling; differential centrifugation; reproducibility; cell wall and cytoplasmic fractions 2012-02-08 1535-3893 1535-3907 11 4 2594 2601 10.1021/pr201004k NRC Institute for Marine Biosciences Institut des biosciences marines du CNRC National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268910 d1841115-57a1-4b55-85ff-073d22268c15 Fabrice Berrué aut Malcolm W. B. Mcculloch aut Patricia Boland aut Saskia Hart aut Mary Kay Harper aut James Bernard (Jim) Johnston Johnston, James aut ACRD DCRA Russell Kerr aut text article eng Four new steroidal glycosides, acanthifoliosides G–J (1–4), were isolated as minor constituents from the Caribbean marine sponge Pandaros acanthifolium. These metabolites are characterized by a highly oxygenated D ring and the presence of a disaccharide rhamnose-glucose residue and a rhamnose at positions C-3 and C-15, respectively. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR data and HRESIMS analyses. The absolute configurations of the glucose and rhamnose sugars were determined by preparing aldose o-tolylthiocarbamate derivatives and comparison to authentic standards by LC/HRESIMS. Acanthifolioside G (1) exhibited antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. yes yes 2012-12-17 0163-3864 1520-6025 75 12 2094 2100 10.1021/np300520w Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Développement des cultures et des ressources aquatiques National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268909 a210ab6b-656e-414d-a732-e732b4083cd6 Dan Dalacu aut ICT TIC Khaled Mnaymneh aut SDT TSR Jean Lapointe aut ICT TIC Xiaohua Wu aut ICT TIC Philip J Poole Poole, Philip J. aut ICT TIC Gabriele Bulgarini aut Val Zwiller aut Michael E. Reimer aut text article eng We report on the ultraclean emission from single quantum dots embedded in pure wurtzite nanowires. Using a two-step growth process combining selective-area and vapor–liquid–solid epitaxy, we grow defect-free wurtzite InP nanowires with embedded InAsP quantum dots, which are clad to diameters sufficient for waveguiding at λ 950 nm. The absence of nearby traps, at both the nanowire surface and along its length in the vicinity of the quantum dot, manifests in excitonic transitions of high spectral purity. Narrow emission line widths (30 μeV) and very-pure single photon emission with a probability of multiphoton emission below 1% are achieved, both of which were not possible in previous work where stacking fault densities were significantly higher. yes yes Nanowire; Qauntum dot; InAs/InP; Single photon source; Chemical beam epitaxy; Selective-area VLS growth 2012-11-14 1530-6984 1530-6992 12 11 5919 5923 5 10.1021/nl303327h Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268908 8104ff01-7bd2-49e9-9d30-d866f6b9a0b1 Lawrence Andrew Huck Huck, Lawrence A. aut SDT TSR Jillian Buriak Buriak, Jillian M. aut SDT TSR text article eng UV-initiated (254 nm) hydrosilylation of hexadecene on Si(111)-H has been studied in the presence of various aliphatic and aromatic molecules (additives). Many of these additives cause an enhancement in the pseudo-first-order rate coefficient (kobs) of hydrosilylation, some up to 200× faster than observed in neat hexadecene. It is proposed that these additives capture the photoejected electron from the surface, thereby increasing the probability of reaction of the alkene with the surface hole (h+), leading to Si–C bond formation. While the ability of these additives to increase kobs is related to their reduction potential, aromatic additives are particularly efficient; we suspect this is due to the relatively strong physisorption of the aromatic molecules leading to a favorable geometry for electron transfer. The presence of these additives permits the use of a much lower intensity of UV light (30 μW/cm²), reducing the probability of photodegradation of the monolayer, and maximum coverage can be reached within minutes. yes yes 2012-10-29 0743-7463 1520-5827 28 47 16285 16293 10.1021/la3035819 Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268906 7f4c6b1b-1f09-47d9-97b6-3aef65f7f775 Po Ying Yeh aut Zhiyi Frank (Frank) Zhang Zhang, Zhiyi aut ICT TIC Min Lin aut Xudong Cao aut text article eng We report a novel nonfouling passivation method using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) engraftment on the surfaces of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic devices sealed with SU-8. To achieve bonding between the PDMS and SU-8 surfaces, the PDMS surface was first functionalized with amines by treatment with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) for subsequent reaction with epoxide functional groups on SU-8 surfaces. To modify the heterogeneous surfaces of the resulting PDMS/SU-8 microfluidic device further, the remaining SU-8 surfaces were amino functionalized using ethylene diamine (EDA), followed by treating both amino-functionalized PDMS and SU-8 surfaces with mPEG-NHS (N-hydroxysuccinimide) through an amine-NHS reaction for facile PEG immobilizations, thus simultaneously modifying both PDMS and SU-8 surfaces in one reaction. Detailed surface analyses such as the water contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were conducted to confirm the chemical reactions and characterize the resulting surface properties. To test the efficacy of this surface-modification strategy, we conducted nonspecific protein and particle binding tests using microfluidic devices with and without modifications. The PEG-modified PDMS/SU-8 device surfaces showed a 64.5% reduction in nonspecific bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption in comparison to that of the unmodified surfaces and 92.0 and 95.8% reductions in microbead adhesion under both stagnant and flowing conditions, respectively. yes yes 2012-10-30 0743-7463 1520-5827 28 46 16227 16236 10.1021/la303196m Information and Communication Technologies Technologies de l'information et des communications National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268905 842fde97-4d2f-4da5-a1b1-0aca031ae4fc Delphine Schaming aut Christophe Renault aut Ryan T. Tucker aut Stéphanie Lau-Truong aut Jean Aubard aut Michael Julian Brett Brett, Michael J. aut SDT TSR Véronique Balland aut Benoît Limoges aut text article eng 3D nanostructured transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes prepared by glancing angle deposition (GLAD) were used for the spectroelectrochemical characterization of cytochrome c (Cyt c) and neuroglobin (Nb). These small hemoproteins, involved as electron-transfer partners in the prevention of apoptosis, are oppositely charged at physiological pH and can each be adsorbed within the ITO network under different pH conditions. The resulting modified electrodes were investigated by UV–visible absorption spectroscopy coupled with cyclic voltammetry. By using nondenaturating adsorption conditions, we demonstrate that both proteins are capable of direct electron transfer to the conductive ITO surface, sharing apparent standard potentials similar to those reported in solution. Preservation of the 3D protein structure upon adsorption was confirmed by resonance Raman (rR) spectroscopy. Analysis of the derivative cyclic voltabsorptograms (DCVA) monitored either in the Soret or the Q bands at scan rates up to 1 V s–¹ allowed us to investigate direct interfacial electron transfer kinetics. From the DCVA shape and scan rate dependences, we conclude that the interaction of Cyt c with the ITO surface is more specific than Nb, suggesting an oriented adsorption of Cyt c and a random adsorption of Nb on the ITO surface. At the same time, Cyt c appears more sensitive to the experimental adsorption conditions, and complete denaturation of Cyt c may occur as evidenced from cross-correlation of rR spectroscopy and spectroelectrochemistry. yes yes 2012-09-07 0743-7463 1520-5827 28 39 14065 14072 10.1021/la302913j Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268904 97486173-7ca0-4a51-b95d-018caf5c73f1 Xuefeng F. Zhang Zhang, X. F. aut MD DM Sania Mansouri Mansouri, S. aut MD DM D. A. Mbeh aut L’H. Yahia aut E. Sacher aut Teodor Veres Veres, T. aut MD DM text article eng We report the synthesis of Fe3O4/silica core/shell nanoparticles and their functionalization with S-nitrosothiols. These nanoparticles are of immense interest because of their nitric oxide (NO) release capabilities in human alveolar epithelial cells. Moreover, they act as large storage reservoirs of NO that can be targeted magnetically to the specific site with a sustainable release of NO for up to 50 h. Such nanoparticles provide an enhancement of the biocompatibility with released NO while allowing intracellular accumulation ascribed to their small size. yes yes 2012-08-15 0743-7463 1520-5827 28 35 12879 12885 10.1021/la302357h Medical Devices Dispositifs médicaux National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268903 42212114-dc41-4965-afbe-4b7fd27cc814 Champika Weeraman aut SDT TSR Maohui Chen aut SDT TSR Douglas J (Doug) Moffatt Moffatt, Douglas J. aut SDT TSR Rune Lausten aut SDT TSR Albert Stolow aut SDT TSR Linda Johnston Johnston, Linda J. aut SDT TSR text article eng A combination of vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy is used to study the changes in morphology and conformational order in monolayers prepared from three natural sphingomyelin (SM) mixtures as a function of surface pressure and cholesterol concentration. The most homogeneous SM gave monolayers with well-ordered acyl chains and few gauche defects with relatively small effects of either increasing surface pressure or cholesterol addition. Heterogeneous SM mixtures with a mixture of acyl chain lengths or with significant fractions of unsaturated acyl chains had much larger contributions from gauche defects at low surface pressure and gave increasingly well-ordered monolayers as the surface pressure increased. They also showed substantial increases in lipid chain order after cholesterol addition. Overall, these results are consistent with the strong hydrogen bonding capacity of SM leading to well-ordered monolayers over a range of surface pressures. The changes in acyl chain order for natural SMs as a function of cholesterol are relevant to formation of sphingolipid–cholesterol enriched domains in cell membranes. yes yes 2012-08-13 0743-7463 1520-5827 28 36 12999 13007 10.1021/la301332e Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268902 c0cf24dd-44f5-4cb9-834e-08a1727b427b Mehmet Yaman (Yaman) Boluk Boluk, Yaman aut NINT INNT Liyan Zhao aut Vanessa Incani aut NINT INNT text article eng The steady-state shear and linear viscoelastic deformations of semidilute suspensions of rod-shaped nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) particles in 1.0% hydroxyethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose solutions were investigated. Addition of NCC at the onset of semidilute suspension concentration significantly altered the rheological and linear viscoelastic properties of semidilute polymer solutions. The low-shear viscosity values of polymers solutions were increased 20–490 times (depending on polymer molecular weight and functional groups) by the presence of NCC. NCC suspensions in polymer solutions exhibited yield stresses up to 7.12 Pa. Viscoelasticity measurements also showed that NCC suspended polymer solutions had higher linear elastic moduli than the loss moduli. All of those results revealed the gel formation of NCC particles and presence of internal structures. The formation of a weak gel structure was due to the nonadsorbing macromolecules which caused the depletion-induced interaction among NCC particles. A simple interaction energy model was used to show successfully the flocculation of NCC particles in the presence of nonadsorbing polymers. The model is based on the incorporation of the depletion interaction term between two parallel plates into the DLVO theory for cubic prismatic rod shaped NCC particles. yes yes 2012-03-26 0743-7463 1520-5827 28 14 6114 6123 10.1021/la2035449 National Institute for Nanotechnology Institut national de nanotechnologie National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada NRC Publications Archive (NPArC) Archives des publications du CNRC (NPArC) 21268901 c4b82e4e-fd79-4028-9551-5f9a0a7bcbd8 Chantal Paquet aut SDT TSR Zygmunt J Jakubek Jakubek, Zygmunt J. aut MSS SME Benoit Simard aut SDT TSR text article eng A microfluidic approach to preparing superparamagnetic microspheres with tunable porosity is described. In this method, droplets consisting of iron oxide nanoparticles, a functional polymer and solvent are formed in a microfluidic channel. The droplets are subsequently collected in solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) where the solvent is left to diffuse out of the droplet phase. By adjusting the concentration of the SDS and the polarity of the solvent of the dispersed phase, the porosity of the microparticles is controlled from non porous to porous structure. The formation of the pores is shown to depend on the rate at which solvent diffuses out of the droplet phase and the availability of SDS to adsorb at the droplet interface. yes yes microfluidic; superparamagnetic; porous; microparticles; assembly; magnetic separation 2012-09-26 1944-8244 1944-8252 4 9 4934 4941 8 10.1021/am301304h Security and Disruptive Technologies Technologies de sécurité et de rupture Measurement Science and Standards