ConFlat cell for operando electrochemical X-ray studies of lithium-ion battery materials in commercially relevant conditions

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Download	View accepted manuscript: ConFlat cell for operando electrochemical X-ray studies of lithium-ion battery materials in commercially relevant conditions (PDF, 4.0 MiB)
DOI	Resolve DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576721008839
Author	Search for: Sendetskyi, Oles¹ORCID identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1141-2911; Search for: Salomons, Mark¹ORCID identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7488-3032; Search for: Mendez, Patricio; Search for: Fleischauer, Michael¹ORCID identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0725-2297
Affiliation	National Research Council Canada. Nanotechnology
Format	Text, Article
Subject	lithium-ion batteries; operando cells; in situ electrochemistry; phase transitions; ConFlat cell
Abstract	In situ and operando techniques play an important role in modern battery materials research and development. As materials characterization and application requirements advance, so too must the in situ/operando test methods and hardware. The effects of temperature, internal mechanical pressure and parasitic reactions due to, for example, cell sealing are critical for commercial scale-up but often overlooked in in situ/operando cell designs. An improved electrochemical operando cell for X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy using ConFlat-style flanges in combination with a beryllium window is presented. The cell is reusable and simple to fabricate and assemble, providing superior sealing, relevant and adjustable cell stack pressure, and reproducible charge/discharge cycling performance for short- and long-term experiments. Cell construction, electrochemical performance, and representative operando X-ray powder diffraction measurements with carbon and aluminium electrodes at temperatures between 303 and 393 K are provided. Operando electrochemical cell testing at high temperatures allows access to temperature-sensitive phase transitions and opens the way for analysis and development of new lithium-based cathode, anode and electrolyte materials for lithium-ion batteries.
Publication date	2021-10
Publisher	International Union of Crystallography Wiley
In	Journal of Applied Crystallography 54, no. 5 (1 October 2021): 1416–1423.
Language	English
Peer reviewed	Yes
NRC number	NRC-NANO-165
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Record identifier	fb475d69-e989-4278-a80a-f058b642b068
Record created	2021-11-04
Record modified	2021-11-04

Date modified:: 2025-12-09