| Abstract | The amount of ice ride-up on beaches and shorelines is a function of the slope of the beach, the driving force, the size of the ice blocks, and the friction between the ice and the beach. Predicting the amount of ride-up is difficult, primarily because little is known about the friction coefficient of large ice blocks on sand/gravel beaches. To investigate this, a test program was performed to measure the friction of a large block of ice sliding on a sand/gravel beach. Four different friction coefficients were measured, corresponding to the four modes of movement of the block on the beach: static, bulldozing, transition and sliding. The friction coefficient decreased as the movement mode changed from static to sliding. The statistical analysis of the friction coefficient values showed that the mean value generally decreased with an increase in velocity. The static friction values were approximately the same for each test. The results of these tests will be presented in this paper, as well as a discussion of the implications of the results on the ride-up processes of ice on these types of shorelines. |
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