| Abstract | A comprehensive test program has been carried out to investigate the behaviour of both S1 and S2 freshwater ice subjected to impact conditions. The tests were performed by free-fall impact of an instrumented projectile onto either the upper surface of a freshwater ice sheet, or the edge of triangular prismatic samples. The projectile head had spherical, flat or wedge shapes. The results include measured values of the pressures and pressure distributions, the deceleration and the loads during each impact. The maximum pressure measured in the test program was 42 MPa. The failure behaviour and cracking pattern in the ice were a function of the indentor/ice interface geometry such that large cracking patterns were observed with flat geometries, giving the highest forces. The maximum force was found to be a function of the loading rate with a functional form Fm = 0.9F0.40m. |
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