Towards the development of cavitation technology for upgrading bitumen: viscosity change and chemical cavitation yield measurements

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DOIResolve DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12182-017-0148-3
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  1. National Research Council Canada. Energy, Mining and Environment
FormatText
TypeArticle
Journal titlePetroleum Science
ISSN1672-5107
1995-8226
Subjectbitumen; cavitation yield; CMC–water; KI solution; viscosity correlation
Abstract
Among the different methods used for reducing viscosity of bitumen, acoustic cavitation during sonication is well recognised. Several chemical methods were used to detect the production of reactive species such as hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide during acoustic cavitation processes. However, quantification of cavitation yield in sonochemical systems is generally limited to low frequencies and has not been applied to bitumen processing. An empirical determination of the cavitation yield in mid- to high-frequency range (378, 574, 850, 992, and 1173 kHz) was carried out by measuring the amount of iodine liberated from the oxidation of potassium iodide (KI). Further, cavitation yield and the effects of different sonic operating conditions such as power input (16.67%–83.33%) and solute concentration on cavitation yield were carried out in KI solution and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose–water mixture to obtain benchmark changes in rheology and chemistry using these two model fluids. The findings were then applied to bitumen upgrading through sonication. Through this study, it was found that the chemical cavitation yield peaked with a sonication frequency of 574 kHz. It was also found that cavitation yield and viscosity change were correlated directly in bitumen and a 38% lower bitumen viscosity could be obtained by acoustic cavitation.
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LanguageEnglish
Peer reviewedYes
NPARC number23001794
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