| Abstract | The principles and techniques of primary refractive-index gas thermometry (RIGT) are reviewed. Absolute primary RIGT using microwave measurements of helium-filled quasi-spherical resonators has been implemented at the temperatures of the triple points of neon, oxygen, argon and water, with relative standard uncertainties ranging from 9.1 × 10⁻⁶ to 3.5 × 10⁻⁵. Researchers are now also using argon-filled cylindrical microwave resonators for RIGT near ambient temperature, with relative standard uncertainties between 3.8 × 10⁻⁵ and 4.6 × 10⁻⁵, and conducting relative RIGT measurements on isobars at low temperatures. RIGT at optical frequencies is progressing, and has been used to perform a Boltzmann constant measurement at room temperature with a relative standard uncertainty of 1.2 × 10⁻⁵. Uncertainty budgets from implementations of absolute primary microwave RIGT, relative primary microwave RIGT and absolute primary optical RIGT are provided. |
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