Anatoxins in cyanobacterial mat field samples from Atlantic Canada by direct analysis in real time–high resolution tandem mass spectrometry

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DOI	Resolve DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035072
Author	Search for: Beach, Daniel G.¹ORCID identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5680-2112; Search for: Lawrence, Janice ORCID identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1756-4297; Search for: Bruce, Meghann; Search for: Stillwell, Jacob; Search for: Rafuse, Cheryl¹; Search for: McCarron, Pearse¹ORCID identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7746-8432
Affiliation	National Research Council Canada. Metrology Research Centre
Format	Text, Article
Conference	Harmful Algae 2019 - International Conference on Harmful Algae (ICHA 2021), October 10-15, 2021, La Paz, Mexico [Held Virtually]
Subject	Cyanotoxins; Phormidium; Microcoleus; ambient ionization
Abstract	Toxic freshwater benthic cyanobacterial mats are increasingly linked to animal fatalities worldwide, often due to the production of high concentrations of anatoxins (ATXs). Considering the high spatial and temporal variability of mat occurrence and concentrations of ATXs, suitable analytical methods are required to enable large-scale field studies in these systems. Here, a rapid, direct analysis in real time–high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (DART–HRMS/MS) method for analysis of anatoxin-a, homoanatoxin-a, and dihydroanatoxin-a including a simple sample preparation procedure and isotope dilution calibration, is investigated to address this challenge. The developed method was applied to three sets of cyanobacterial mat samples collected in Atlantic Canada in the summers of 2018-2020. Samples from all sets showed positive detection of ATXs ranging from <100 ng mL⁻¹ to > 70,000 ng mL⁻¹ in mat lysates. One large mat sample collected from the Wolastoq (Saint John River) in New Brunswick, Canada, was used to demonstrate the application of DART–HRMS/MS to study the intra-mat variability of ATXs. This initial work showed the method could be successfully used for the analysis of ATXs in field samples, which will be useful in ongoing studies of this emerging issue in Atlantic Canada and beyond.
Publication date	2022-09-21
Publisher	Zenodo International Society for the Study of Harmful Algae (ISSHA)
Licence	Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0 DEED) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
In	Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Harmful Algae (ICHA 2021) (21 September 2022): 151–156.
Language	English
Peer reviewed	Yes
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Record identifier	cc222bdf-9356-44ef-a9b4-486ee440886d
Record created	2024-01-15
Record modified	2024-01-15

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Date modified:: 2026-03-11