A weakly-compressible SPH-porous media model to simulate wave–breakwater interactions

Download

File	Format	Size
Final version	PDF	7.6 MiB
Video S1. Case 1: U-tube benchmark test	MP4	4.1 MiB
Video S2. Case 2: Dam-break wave through a porous region	MP4	5.6 MiB
Video S3. Case 3: Solitary wave over a rectangular permeable breakwater	MP4	6.9 MiB
Video S4. Case 4: Regular waves over a triangular permeable breakwater	MP4	7.9 MiB

DOI

Resolve DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104811

Author

Search for: Jandaghian, Mojtaba¹; Search for: Pilechi, Abolghasem¹ORCID identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4561-3620; Search for: Baker, Scott¹

Affiliation

National Research Council Canada. Ocean, Coastal and River Engineering

Funder

Search for: Infrastructure Canada; Search for: National Research Council Canada. Climate Resilient Built Environment Initiative

Format

Text, Article

Subject

permeable breakwaters; porous media; wave–structure interactions; mesh-free particle method; SPH

Abstract

This study introduces a weakly-compressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model for accurately simulating free-surface flows and wave interactions with permeable breakwaters. Using mixture theory and the intrinsic phase-averaging method, we integrate the porous media constitutive law into the fluid flow solver, allowing SPH particles to dynamically adjust their volume based on local porosity variations. To enhance numerical stability, we introduce a modified dynamic particle collision regularization technique and employ an artificial density diffusive term that accounts for variable-volume particle interactions. We validate the developed SPH-porous media formulation against theoretical predictions and experimental benchmarks, demonstrating its capability to capture long-term wave propagation over permeable structures. Results confirm that our SPH model effectively handles particle interactions with varying volumes at the porous medium interface, mitigating particle clustering issues. This work provides a robust and high-performance SPH tool for investigating wave dynamics in coastal engineering applications, including the design of permeable breakwaters and revetments.

Publication date

2025-07-02

Publisher

Elsevier

Licence

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Language

English

Peer reviewed

Yes

Export citation

Export as RIS

Report a correction

Report a correction (opens in a new tab)

Record identifier

c9ec7ec2-e7d6-4d71-8b71-cfd0b9ecd854

Record created

2025-08-21

Record modified

2025-11-03

Date modified:: 2026-01-13