| Abstract | Magnetic ordering of the orthorhombic Er₃Cu₄X₄ (X = Si, Ge, Sn) system has been studied using both ¹¹⁹Sn and ¹⁶⁶Er Mössbauer spectroscopy, combined with neutron diffraction. We observe two distinct ordering events for the erbium moments on the 2d and 4e sites (TN (Er 2d)>TN (Er 4e)) and confirm that the Er 2d moments are larger than those on the Er 4e site. Comparison of neutron diffraction with ¹⁶⁶Er Mössbauer spectroscopy shows that the ordering of the Er 4e moments is far from complete, even at 0.7 TN, causing neutron diffraction analysis to severely underestimate the Er 4e moments in the Er₃Cu₄X₄ system. |
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