| Abstract | Genetic algorithms (GAs) are stochastic global search methods inspired by biological evolution. They have been used extensively in chemistry and materials science coupled with theoretical methods, ranging from force-fields to high-throughput first-principles methods. The methodology allows an accurate and automated structural determination for molecules, atomic clusters, nanoparticles, and solid surfaces, fundamental to understanding chemical processes in catalysis and environmental sciences, for instance. In this work, we propose a new genetic algorithm software, GAMaterial, implemented in Python3.x, that performs global searches to elucidate the structures of atomic clusters, doped clusters or materials and atomic clusters on surfaces. For all these applications, it is possible to accelerate the GA search by using machine learning (ML), the ML@GA method, to build subsequent populations. Results for ML@GA applied for the dopant distributions in atomic clusters are presented. The GAMaterial software was applied for the automatic structural search for the Ti₆O₁₂ cluster, doping Al in Si₁₁ (4Al@Si₁₁) and Na₁₀ supported on graphene (Na₁₀@graphene), where DFTB calculations were used to sample the complex search surfaces with reasonably low computational cost. Finally, the global search by GA of the Mo₈C₄ cluster was considered, where DFT calculations were made with the deMon2k code, which is interfaced with GAMaterial. |
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