| Download | - View final version: Deep bench marks in clay and permafrost areas (PDF, 1.7 MiB)
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| Author | Search for: Bozozuk, M.1; Search for: Johnston, G. H.; Search for: Hamilton, J. J. |
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| Affiliation | - National Research Council of Canada
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| Format | Text, Article |
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| Subject | permafrost; soils; clay soils; bench marks |
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| Abstract | This paper describes the design and use of deep bench marks by the Division of Building Research of the National Research Council of Canada. The bench marks consist of an inner pipe protected by an outer casing from the effects of seasonal ground movements and frost action. In sensitive clays the bench mark is installed by jacking or driving the outer casing with relatively simple equipment. In stiffer clays it is inserted in an augered hole and then turned and pushed to refusal with a drill rig. In permafrost areas, the bench mark is placed in a drilled or steamed hole to a depth at which the lower portion of the inner rod is securely anchored in the perennially frozen ground. Details of bench mark assemblies and installation techniques for soft clays, stiff clays, and frozen ground are described. |
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| Publication date | 1963-12-01 |
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| In | |
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| Language | English |
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| Peer reviewed | Yes |
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| Identifier | DBR-TP-166 |
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| NRC number | NRCC 7289
NRC-IRC-397 |
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| NPARC number | 20375503 |
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| Export citation | Export as RIS |
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| Report a correction | Report a correction (opens in a new tab) |
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| Record identifier | 0e457ca8-1de7-461e-af4d-772c5bc4541b |
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| Record created | 2012-07-23 |
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| Record modified | 2024-01-05 |
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